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Wang Y, Huo F, Yin C. Development of Human Serum Albumin Fluorescent Probes in Detection, Imaging, and Disease Therapy. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1121-1138. [PMID: 38266243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) acts as a repository and transporter of substances in the blood. An abnormal concentration may indicate the occurrence of liver- and kidney-related diseases, which has attracted people to investigate the precise quantification of HSA in body fluids. Fluorescent probes can combine with HSA covalently or noncovalently to quantify HSA in urine and plasma. Moreover, probes combined with HSA can improve its photophysical properties; probe-HSA has been applied in real-time monitoring and photothermal and photodynamic therapy in vivo. This Review will introduce fluorescent probes for quantitative HSA according to the three reaction mechanisms of spatial structure, enzymatic reaction, and self-assembly and systematically introduce the application of probes combined with HSA in disease imaging and phototherapy. It will help develop multifunctional applications for HSA probes and provide assistance in the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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2
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Khan T, Waseem R, Zehra Z, Aiman A, Bhardwaj P, Ansari J, Hassan MI, Islam A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and Mitochondria-Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122657. [PMID: 36559149 PMCID: PMC9785072 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are implicated in a wide range of functions apart from ATP generation, and, therefore, constitute one of the most important organelles of cell. Since healthy mitochondria are essential for proper cellular functioning and survival, mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to various pathologies. Mitochondria are considered a novel and promising therapeutic target for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various human diseases including metabolic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. For mitochondria-targeted therapy, there is a need to develop an effective drug delivery approach, owing to the mitochondrial special bilayer structure through which therapeutic molecules undergo multiple difficulties in reaching the core. In recent years, various nanoformulations have been designed such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles conjugate with mitochondriotropic moieties such as mitochondria-penetrating peptides (MPPs), triphenylphosphonium (TPP), dequalinium (DQA), and mitochondrial protein import machinery for overcoming barriers involved in targeting mitochondria. The current approaches used for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery have provided promising ways to overcome the challenges associated with targeted-drug delivery. Herein, we review the research from past years to the current scenario that has identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a major contributor to the pathophysiology of various diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the recent advancements in mitochondria-targeted drug delivery strategies for the pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rashid Waseem
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Zainy Zehra
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ayesha Aiman
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Bhardwaj
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Jaoud Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Correspondence:
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3
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Dou R, Cai X, Ruan L, Zhang J, Rouzi A, Chen J, Chai Z, Hu Y. Precision Nanomedicines: Targeting Hot Mitochondria in Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4103-4117. [PMID: 36066886 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion is a multifunctional organelle in a cell, and it is one of the important targets of antitumor therapy. Conventional mitochondrial targeting strategies can hardly distinguish the mitochondria in cancer cells from those in normal cells, which might raise a concern about the biosafety. Recent studies suggest that a relatively high temperature of mitochondria exists in cancer cells. We named it tumor intrinsic mitochondrial overheating (TIMO). By taking advantage of the difference in mitochondrial temperatures between cancer cells and normal cells, therapeutic agents can be specifically delivered to the mitochondria in cancer cells. Here we will briefly overview the mitochondria-targeted delivery strategies. In addition, the recent discovery of hot mitochondria in cancer cells and the development of mitochondrial temperature-responsive delivery systems for antitumor therapy will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lifo Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aisha Rouzi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Shi Y, Luo Z, You J. Subcellular delivery of lipid nanoparticles to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1803. [PMID: 35441489 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primarily responsible for the biogenesis and metabolism of biomolecules, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are gradually becoming the targets of therapeutic modulation, whose physiological activities and pathological manifestations determine the functional capacity and even the survival of cells. Drug delivery systems with specific physicochemical properties (passive targeting), or modified by small molecular compounds, polypeptides, and biomembranes demonstrating tropism for ER and mitochondria (active targeting) are able to reduce the nonselective accumulation of drugs, enhancing efficacy while reducing side effects. Lipid nanoparticles feature high biocompatibility, diverse cargo loading, and flexible structure modification, which are frequently used for subcellular organelle-targeted delivery of therapeutics. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of lipid nanoparticle-based ER and mitochondria targeting. Herein, we review the pathological significance of drug selectively delivered to the ER and mitochondria. We also summarize the molecular basis and application prospects of lipid nanoparticle-based ER and mitochondria targeting strategies, which may provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases and disorders. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Jin P, Jiang J, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Fu L. Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35851420 PMCID: PMC9290242 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile environment are largely unknown. As the central organelle for cellular energy supply, mitochondria can rapidly undergo dynamic changes and integrate cellular signaling pathways to provide bioenergetic and biosynthetic flexibility for cancer cells, which contributes to multiple aspects of tumor characteristics, including drug resistance. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance has attracted increasing attention for various types of cancer. Multiple mitochondrial adaptation processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptotic regulatory machinery, have been demonstrated to be potential targets. However, recent increasing insights into mitochondria have revealed the complexity of mitochondrial structure and functions, the elusive functions of mitochondria in tumor biology, and the targeting inaccessibility of mitochondria, which have posed challenges for the clinical application of mitochondrial-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Therefore, discovery of both novel mitochondria-targeting agents and innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches is urgently required. Here, we review the most recent literature to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial stress adaptation and their intricate connection with cancer drug resistance. In addition, an overview of the emerging strategies to target mitochondria for effectively overcoming chemoresistance is highlighted, with an emphasis on drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery approaches, which may accelerate the application of mitochondria-targeting compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zhang Z, Zhang A, Liu Y, Hu X, Fang Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Lenahan C, Chen S. New Mechanisms and Targets of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focus on Mitochondria. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1278-1296. [PMID: 34720082 PMCID: PMC9881073 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211101103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5-10% of all strokes and is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke that places a heavy burden on health care. Despite great progress in surgical clipping and endovascular treatment for ruptured aneurysms, cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) threaten the long-term outcomes of patients with SAH. Moreover, there are limited drugs available to reduce the risk of DCI and adverse outcomes in SAH patients. New insight suggests that early brain injury (EBI), which occurs within 72 h after the onset of SAH, may lay the foundation for further DCI development and poor outcomes. The mechanisms of EBI mainly include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) destruction, and cellular death. Mitochondria are a double-membrane organelle, and they play an important role in energy production, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which can lead to mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) collapse, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of apoptogenic proteins, disorders of mitochondrial dynamics, and activation of mitochondria-related inflammation, is considered a novel mechanism of EBI related to DCI as well as post-SAH outcomes. In addition, mitophagy is activated after SAH. In this review, we discuss the latest perspectives on the role of mitochondria in EBI and DCI after SAH. We emphasize the potential of mitochondria as therapeutic targets and summarize the promising therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China;
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Yujie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Tel: +86-571-87784815; Fax: +86-571-87784755; E-mail:
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7
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Chen K, Hou J, Huang B, Xiao S, Li X, Sun H, Peng Y. Bromopropylate Imidazoliumyl Substituted Silicon Phthalocyanine for Mitochondria-Targeting, Two-Photon Imaging Guided in Vitro Photodynamic Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921718. [PMID: 35903336 PMCID: PMC9315426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximization of phototoxic damage on tumor is essential for effective anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Highly cancer-cell-organelle-specific delivery of efficient photosensitizers (PSs) in vitro and in vivo is in great demand. In this paper, a novel water-soluble mitochondria targeted cationic bromopropylate imidazoliumyl axially substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (Br-ID-SiPc) is developed to improve PDT efficiency by enhancing the subcellular localization of photosensitizers. Benefiting from the targeting capability of bromopropylate imidazoliumyl, Br-ID-SiPc can selectively accumulate in mitochondria after cellular uptake, this process could be tracked by two-photon imaging. Br-ID-SiPc effectively damaged the circular plasmid DNA of mitochondria and induced HO-8910 cells apoptosis. Our results indicate that Br-ID-SiPc is a potential photosensitizer which can be used as a mitochondria-targeting and two-photon fluorescent imaging molecule for PDT of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuizhi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jialin Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bingcheng Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuanghuang Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Sun, ; Yiru Peng,
| | - Yiru Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Sun, ; Yiru Peng,
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8
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The Molecular Diversity of 1H-Indole-3-Carbaldehyde Derivatives and Their Role in Multicomponent Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:24. [PMID: 35467226 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde and related members of the indole family are ideal precursors for the synthesis of active molecules. 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde and its derivatives are essential and efficient chemical precursors for generating biologically active structures. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer access to complex molecules. This review highlights the recent applications of 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in such inherently sustainable multicomponent reactions from the period, 2014 to 2021 and provides an overview of the field that awaits further exploitation in the assembly of pharmaceutically interesting scaffolds.
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Xu J, Du W, Zhao Y, Lim K, Lu L, Zhang C, Li L. Mitochondria targeting drugs for neurodegenerative diseases—design, mechanism and application. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2778-2789. [PMID: 35755284 PMCID: PMC9214044 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of neurons. NDDs threaten the lives of millions of people worldwide and regretfully remain incurable. It is well accepted that dysfunction of mitochondria underlies the pathogenesis of NDDs. Dysfunction of mitochondria results in energy depletion, oxidative stress, calcium overloading, caspases activation, which dominates the neuronal death of NDDs. Therefore, mitochondria are the preferred target for intervention of NDDs. So far various mitochondria-targeting drugs have been developed and delightfully some of them demonstrate promising outcome, though there are still some obstacles such as targeting specificity, delivery capacity hindering the drugs development. In present review, we will elaborately address 1) the strategy to design mitochondria targeting drugs, 2) the rescue mechanism of respective mitochondria targeting drugs, 3) how to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Hopefully this review will provide comprehensive knowledge for understanding how to develop more effective drugs for the treatment of NDDs.
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10
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Li Y, Yang J, Gu G, Guo X, He C, Sun J, Zou H, Wang H, Liu S, Li X, Zhang S, Wang K, Yang L, Jiang Y, Wu L, Sun X. Pulmonary Delivery of Theranostic Nanoclusters for Lung Cancer Ferroptosis with Enhanced Chemodynamic/Radiation Synergistic Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:963-972. [PMID: 35073699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient tumor accumulation and penetration remain as the main challenges to therapy efficacy of lung cancer. Local delivery of smart nanoclusters can increase drug penetration and provide superior antitumor effects than systemic routes. Here, we report self-assembled pH-sensitive superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters (SPIONCs) that enhance in situ ferroptosis and apoptosis with radiotherapy and chemodynamic therapy. After pulmonary delivery in orthotopic lung cancer, SPIONCs disintegrate into smaller nanoparticles and release more iron ions in an acidic microenvironment. Under single-dose X-ray irradiation, endogenous superoxide dismutase converts superoxide radicals produced by mitochondria to hydrogen peroxide, which in turn generates hydroxyl radicals by the Fenton reaction from iron ions accumulated inside the tumor. Finally, irradiation and iron ions enhance tumor lipid peroxidation and induce cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. Thus, rationally designed pulmonary delivered nanoclusters provide a promising strategy for noninvasive imaging of lung cancer and synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Jie Yang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Guangying Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Chunbo He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Jiemei Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Kai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Lili Yang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Lina Wu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
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11
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Zheng L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ji A, Lou H, Liu X, Chen H, Cheng Z. Development of Mitochondria-Targeted Small-Molecule Dyes for Myocardial PET and Fluorescence Bimodal Imaging. J Med Chem 2021; 65:497-506. [PMID: 34937337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescent dual-modal probes are rarely reported. As one of the most promising lipophilic cations, F16 and its derivatives (F16s) have never been used for myocardial imaging. In this work, 14 F16s are synthesized and evaluated for cardiac imaging. In vitro cell fluorescence imaging revealed that the lead probe 5MEF is precisely localized in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. In addition, it shows excellent ex vivo fluorescence imaging quality with the heart-to-muscle and heart-to-liver ratios up to ∼2. Furthermore, the radiofluorinated probe 18F-5MEF is successfully prepared and shows a high initial heart uptake of 8.66 ± 0.34 % ID/g at 5 min post injection. It displays a high heart imaging performance, a long retention time in the heart, and a low background in the most normal tissues as revealed by PET. To our knowledge, this is the first time novel F16 analogues are designed and developed for myocardial dual-modal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyue Lou
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingdang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264000, China
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12
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van der Westhuizen D, Bezuidenhout DI, Munro OQ. Cancer molecular biology and strategies for the design of cytotoxic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes: a tutorial review. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17413-17437. [PMID: 34693422 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights key principles underpinning the design of selected metallodrugs to target specific biological macromolecules (DNA and proteins). The review commences with a descriptive overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the molecular biology of cancer, particularly apoptosis, which is provided as a necessary foundation for the discovery, design, and targeting of metal-based anticancer agents. Drugs which target DNA have been highlighted and clinically approved metallodrugs discussed. A brief history of the development of mainly gold-based metallodrugs is presented prior to addressing ligand systems for stabilizing and adding functionality to bio-active gold(I) and gold(III) complexes, particularly in the burgeoning field of anticancer metallodrugs. Concepts such as multi-modal and selective cytotoxic agents are covered where necessary for selected compounds. The emerging role of carbenes as the ligand system of choice to achieve these goals for gold-based metallodrug candidates is highlighted prior to closing the review with comments on some future directions that this research field might follow. The latter section ultimately emphasizes the importance of understanding the fate of metal complexes in cells to garner key mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van der Westhuizen
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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13
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Shrestha R, Johnson E, Byrne FL. Exploring the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncouplers in cancer. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101222. [PMID: 33781939 PMCID: PMC8129951 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial uncouplers are well-known for their ability to treat a myriad of metabolic diseases, including obesity and fatty liver diseases. However, for many years now, mitochondrial uncouplers have also been evaluated in diverse models of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, some mitochondrial uncouplers are now in clinical trials for cancer, although none have yet been approved for the treatment of cancer. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we summarise published studies in which mitochondrial uncouplers have been investigated as an anti-cancer therapy in preclinical models. In many cases, mitochondrial uncouplers show strong anti-cancer effects both as single agents, and in combination therapies, and some are more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells. Furthermore, the mitochondrial uncoupling mechanism of action in cancer cells has been described in detail, with consistencies and inconsistencies between different structural classes of uncouplers. For example, many mitochondrial uncouplers decrease ATP levels and disrupt key metabolic signalling pathways such as AMPK/mTOR but have different effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Many of these effects oppose aberrant phenotypes common in cancer cells that ultimately result in cell death. We also highlight several gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed before we have a clear direction and strategy for applying mitochondrial uncouplers as anti-cancer agents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS There is a large body of evidence supporting the therapeutic use of mitochondrial uncouplers to treat cancer. However, the long-term safety of some uncouplers remains in question and it will be critical to identify which patients and cancer types would benefit most from these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Shrestha
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Edward Johnson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia.
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14
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Ye L, Yao Q, Xu F, He L, Ding J, Xiao R, Ding L, Luo B. Preparation and antitumor activity of triphenylphosphine-based mitochondrial targeting polylactic acid nanoparticles loaded with 7-hydroxyl coumarin. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1064-1075. [PMID: 34338057 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211037030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the low bioavailability and severe toxic side effects caused by the lack of selectivity of traditional chemotherapy drugs, the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs has become the key to tumor treatment. The activity and transmembrane potential of mitochondria in cancer cells were significantly higher than that of normal cells, making them a potential target for chemotherapeutic drug delivery. In this study, triphenylphosphine (TPP) based mitochondria targeting polylactic acid (PLLA) nanoparticles (TPP-PLLA NPs) were synthesized to improve the delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs. The carrier material was characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR and 7-hydroxyl coumarin (7-HC) was successfully loaded into TPP-PLLA to form 7-HC/TPP-PLLA NPs. Further studies showed that TPP-PLLA NPs were primarily accumulated in the mitochondrial and 7-HC/TPP-PLLA NPs had higher antitumor activity. Taken together, our results indicated that TPP-PLLA NPs could be a promising mitochondria-targeted drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Fengnan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Liu He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jieqiong Ding
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ruolei Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Liqiong Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Binhua Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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15
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Mbugua SN, Njenga LW, Odhiambo RA, Wandiga SO, Onani MO. Beyond DNA-targeting in Cancer Chemotherapy. Emerging Frontiers - A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:28-47. [PMID: 32814532 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200819160213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modern anti-cancer drugs target DNA specifically for rapid division of malignant cells. One downside of this approach is that they also target other rapidly dividing healthy cells, such as those involved in hair growth leading to serious toxic side effects and hair loss. Therefore, it would be better to develop novel agents that address cellular signaling mechanisms unique to cancerous cells, and new research is now focussing on such approaches. Although the classical chemotherapy area involving DNA as the set target continues to produce important findings, nevertheless, a distinctly discernible emerging trend is the divergence from the cisplatin operation model that uses the metal as the primary active center of the drug. Many successful anti-cancer drugs present are associated with elevated toxicity levels. Cancers also develop immunity against most therapies and the area of cancer research can, therefore, be seen as an area with a high unaddressed need. Hence, ongoing work into cancer pathogenesis is important to create accurate preclinical tests that can contribute to the development of innovative drugs to manage and treat cancer. Some of the emergent frontiers utilizing different approaches include nanoparticles delivery, use of quantum dots, metal complexes, tumor ablation, magnetic hypothermia and hyperthermia by use of Superparamagnetic Iron oxide Nanostructures, pathomics and radiomics, laser surgery and exosomes. This review summarizes these new approaches in good detail, giving critical views with necessary comparisons. It also delves into what they carry for the future, including their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Mbugua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lydia W Njenga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth A Odhiambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shem O Wandiga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martin O Onani
- Organometallics and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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16
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Wang Y, Gong M, Huang Z, Min H, Yu P, Tang F, Ye Y, Zhu S, Hu Z, Zeng Z, Chen J. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigation of β-Lactoglobulin Interactions with Hematoporphyrin and Protoporphyrin IX. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9680-9691. [PMID: 33869948 PMCID: PMC8047746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hematoporphyrin (HP) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) are useful porphyrin photosensitizers with significant application values in photodynamic therapy. Currently, many strategies have been developed to improve their clinical performance, such as incorporating them with nanoparticle (NP) carriers. In this work, we studied the possibility of using β-lactoglobulin (BLG) as a potential NP carrier due to their hydrophobic affinity, pH sensitivity, and low cost of extraction and preservation. The interaction mechanisms of BLG with HP and PPIX were investigated using spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking methods. The molecular docking results agree well with the experimental results, which demonstrate that the formations of HP-BLG and PPIX-BLG complexes are endothermic processes and the main acting force is hydrophobic force. Furthermore, the opening-closure states of EF loop have a great influence on the HP-BLG complex formation, where the central hydrophobic cavity of β-barrel is available for HP binding at pH 7.4 but not available at pH 6.2. However, the formation of the PPIX-BLG complex is less dependent on the states of the EF loop, and the binding sites of PPIX are both located on the external surface of BLG under both pH 7.4 and 6.2 conditions. All of our results would provide new insight into the mechanisms of noncovalent interactions between BLG and HP/PPIX. It is believed that this work indicated the potential application values of BLG in designing pH-sensitive carriers for the delivery of HP and PPIX, as well as other poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical
University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Min Gong
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Hai Min
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical
University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhou Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yuannong Ye
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Simian Zhu
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical
University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical
University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical
University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical
University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering/Immune Cells and Antibody
Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology
and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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17
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Pseudosterase activity-based specific detection of human serum albumin on gel. Talanta 2021; 224:121906. [PMID: 33379110 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) has pseudoesterase activity. So far on gel specific detection of such property of HSA is never reported. Moreover, protein binding dyes are non-specific for albumin. However, many of such dyes are used for HSA detection. So, dye-based albumin detection on the gel is expected to generate false-positive results for HSA. In this context, we have discovered that Fast Blue BB (FBBB, 0.12%) stains specifically HSA pseudoesterase activity with 2 Naphthyl acetate (2NA) as an ester substrate. Further, neostigmine has not inhibited the pseudoesterase activity associated with HSA. Neostigmine is a known inhibitor of many true esterases like acetylcholinesterase. So, neostigmine addition offers specificity to the method developed for staining of HSA. Additionally, 2NA stains HSA better than bovine serum albumin (BSA). Exploring all these novel findings, we have devised a simple method of HSA detection on the gel, accurately where other esterases are not detected. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first to detect HSA pseudoesterase activity specifically on gel without getting interfered by any other esterase activity. The method detects HSA better than BSA. We feel that this method will go a long way for the specific detection of HSA on the gel. It is also relevant for understanding the purity of donor human milk matrix and pharmaceutical preparation of HSA. Our method can detect 7 μM of added HSA in human urine. Therefore, our method can be proceeded further for microalbuminuria detection in days to come.
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18
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Catalán M, Olmedo I, Faúndez J, Jara JA. Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Mitochondria: From New Vehicles and Pharmacophore Groups to Old Drugs with Mitochondrial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8684. [PMID: 33217901 PMCID: PMC7698797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in tumor cell mitochondria as a pharmacological target has been rekindled in recent years. This attention is due in part to new publications documenting heterogenous characteristics of solid tumors, including anoxic and hypoxic zones that foster cellular populations with differentiating metabolic characteristics. These populations include tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells, which have a strong capacity to adapt to reduced oxygen availability, switching rapidly between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as sources of energy and metabolites. Additionally, this cell subpopulation shows high chemo- and radioresistance and a high capacity for tumor repopulation. Interestingly, it has been shown that inhibiting mitochondrial function in tumor cells affects glycolysis pathways, cell bioenergy, and cell viability. Therefore, mitochondrial inhibition may be a viable strategy for eradicating cancer stem cells. In this context, medicinal chemistry research over the last decade has synthesized and characterized "vehicles" capable of transporting novel or existing pharmacophores to mitochondrial tumor cells, based on mechanisms that exploit the physicochemical properties of the vehicles and the inherent properties of the mitochondria. The pharmacophores, some of which have been isolated from plants and others, which were synthesized in the lab, are diverse in chemical nature. Some of these molecules are active, while others are prodrugs that have been evaluated alone or linked to mitochondria-targeted agents. Finally, researchers have recently described drugs with well-proven safety and efficacy that may exert a mitochondria-specific inhibitory effect in tumor cells through noncanonical mechanisms. The effectiveness of these molecules may be improved by linking them to mitochondrial carrier molecules. These promising pharmacological agents should be evaluated alone and in combination with classic chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Catalán
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Jennifer Faúndez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - José A. Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
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19
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Qian K, Qu C, Ma X, Chen H, Kandawa-Schulz M, Song W, Miao W, Wang Y, Cheng Z. Tuning the near infrared II emitting wavelength of small molecule dyes by single atom alteration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:523-526. [PMID: 31821402 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08434g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of small molecule dyes demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating Near Infrared II emission by simply altering the donors' heteroatoms, which involved both electronegativity and intramolecular steric effects. Furthermore, these dyes show high resolution and stability for in vivo imaging after being complexed with human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China. and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California, 94305-5344, USA.
| | - Chunrong Qu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California, 94305-5344, USA.
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California, 94305-5344, USA.
| | | | - Wei Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Weimin Miao
- Jiangsu Meizhong Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California, 94305-5344, USA.
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