1
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Iannotta D, A A, Lai A, Nair S, Koifman N, Lappas M, Salomon C, Wolfram J. Chemically-Induced Lipoprotein Breakdown for Improved Extracellular Vesicle Purification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307240. [PMID: 38100284 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized biomolecular packages involved in intercellular communication. EVs are released by all cells, making them broadly applicable as therapeutic, diagnostic, and mechanistic components in (patho)physiology. Sample purity is critical for correctly attributing observed effects to EVs and for maximizing therapeutic and diagnostic performance. Lipoprotein contaminants represent a major challenge for sample purity. Lipoproteins are approximately six orders of magnitude more abundant in the blood circulation and overlap in size, shape, and density with EVs. This study represents the first example of an EV purification method based on the chemically-induced breakdown of lipoproteins. Specifically, a styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer is used to selectively breakdown lipoproteins, enabling subsequent size-based separation of the breakdown products from plasma EVs. The use of the polymer followed by tangential flow filtration or size-exclusion chromatography results in improved EV yield, preservation of EV morphology, increased EV markers, and reduced contaminant markers. SMA-based EV purification enables improved fluorescent labeling, reduces interactions with macrophages, and enhances accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to detect EV biomarkers, indicating benefits for various downstream applications. In conclusion, SMA is a simple and effective method to improve the purity and yield of plasma-derived EVs, which favorably impacts downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Iannotta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Amruta A
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Na'ama Koifman
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Australia, and Mercy Hospital for Women, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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2
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Goryunov K, Ivanov M, Kulikov A, Shevtsova Y, Burov A, Podurovskaya Y, Zubkov V, Degtyarev D, Sukhikh G, Silachev D. A Review of the Use of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Neonatal Diseases: Current State and Problems with Translation to the Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2879. [PMID: 38474125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal disorders, particularly those resulting from prematurity, pose a major challenge in health care and have a significant impact on infant mortality and long-term child health. The limitations of current therapeutic strategies emphasize the need for innovative treatments. New cell-free technologies utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a compelling opportunity for neonatal therapy by harnessing the inherent regenerative capabilities of EVs. These nanoscale particles, secreted by a variety of organisms including animals, bacteria, fungi and plants, contain a repertoire of bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic effects of EVs and mechanistic insights into EVs from stem cells, biological fluids and non-animal sources, with a focus on common neonatal conditions such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis. This review summarizes evidence for the therapeutic potential of EVs, analyzes evidence of their mechanisms of action and discusses the challenges associated with the implementation of EV-based therapies in neonatal clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey Kulikov
- Medical Institute, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Yulia Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Artem Burov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Yulia Podurovskaya
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Victor Zubkov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Dmitry Degtyarev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Denis Silachev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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Pendiuk Goncalves J, Cruz Villarreal J, Walker SA, Tan XNS, Borges C, Wolfram J. High-throughput analysis of glycan sorting into extracellular vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119641. [PMID: 37996057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released vesicles that mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive cargo. Protein and RNA sorting into EVs has been extensively assessed, while selective enrichment of glycans in EVs remains less explored. In this study, a mass spectrometry-based approach, glycan node analysis (GNA), was applied to broadly assess the sorting of glycan features into EVs. Two metastatic variants (lung and bone) generated in mouse modes from the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line were assessed, as these EVs are known to contain distinct organotropic biomolecules. EVs were isolated from conditioned cell culture medium by tangential flow filtration and authenticated by standard techniques. GNA analysis revealed selective enrichment of several glycan features in EVs compared to the originating cells, particularly those associated with binding to the extracellular matrix, which was also observed in EVs from the parental MDA-MB-231 cell line (human pleural metastases). The bone-tropic variant displayed enrichment of distinct EV glycan features compared to the lung-tropic one. Additionally, the metastatic variants generated in mouse models displayed reduced EV glycan sorting compared to the parental metastatic cell line. This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of differences in glycan features between EVs and originating cells and provides evidence that the diversity of EV glycan sorting is reduced upon generation of variant cell lines in mouse models. Future research is likely to uncover novel mechanisms of EV glycan sorting, shed light on glycan features for EV authentication or biomarker purposes, and assess functional roles of the EV glycocode in (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Pendiuk Goncalves
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Jorvani Cruz Villarreal
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sierra A Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Xuan Ning Sharon Tan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Chad Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Ghebosu RE, Goncalves JP, Wolfram J. Extracellular Vesicle and Lipoprotein Interactions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1-8. [PMID: 38122812 PMCID: PMC10872241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins are lipid-based biological nanoparticles that play important roles in (patho)physiology. Recent evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins can interact to form functional complexes. Such complexes have been observed in biofluids from healthy human donors and in various in vitro disease models such as breast cancer and hepatitis C infection. Lipoprotein components can also form part of the biomolecular corona that surrounds extracellular vesicles and contributes to biological identity. Potential mechanisms and the functional relevance of extracellular vesicle-lipoprotein complexes remain poorly understood. This Review addresses the current knowledge of the extracellular vesicle-lipoprotein interface while drawing on pre-existing knowledge of liposome interactions with biological nanoparticles. There is an urgent need for further research on the lipoprotein-extracellular vesicle interface, which could return important mechanistic, therapeutic, and diagnostic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca E. Ghebosu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Jenifer Pendiuk Goncalves
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Iannotta D, A A, Kijas AW, Rowan AE, Wolfram J. Entry and exit of extracellular vesicles to and from the blood circulation. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:13-20. [PMID: 38110531 PMCID: PMC10872389 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological nanoparticles that promote intercellular communication by delivering bioactive cargo over short and long distances. Short-distance communication takes place in the interstitium, whereas long-distance communication is thought to require transport through the blood circulation to reach distal sites. Extracellular vesicle therapeutics are frequently injected systemically, and diagnostic approaches often rely on the detection of organ-derived EVs in the blood. However, the mechanisms by which EVs enter and exit the circulation are poorly understood. Here, the lymphatic system and transport across the endothelial barrier through paracellular and transcellular routes are discussed as potential pathways for EV entry to and exit from the blood circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Iannotta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amruta A
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda W Kijas
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan E Rowan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Yang R, Lou D, Xia K, Sun L, Zhu Q. A pH-Mediated Highly Selective System Enabling Simultaneous Analysis of Circulating RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles and Lipoproteins. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18803-18813. [PMID: 38078945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lipoproteins (LPPs) serve as important carriers of circulating miRNAs in peripheral blood, offering immense potential for disease diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Due to their shared physicochemical attributes, EVs and LPPs are frequently coisolated, potentially leading to misunderstandings regarding their distinct functional roles in physiological and pathological processes. Here, we report a highly selective magnetic system based on the pH-mediated affinity displayed by cibacron blue (CB) toward EVs and LPPs, enabling successful separation and collection of these two nanoparticles without cross-contamination for subsequent circulating RNA analysis. First, we found that CB-modified magnetic beads (CBMBs) exhibit a strong affinity toward LPP particles while displaying little interaction with EVs in standard samples under physiological pH conditions. We further demonstrate that the affinity between CB molecules and bionanoparticles in plasma samples is highly pH-dependent. Specifically, CBMBs show affinities for both LPP and EV particles under neutral and acidic conditions. However, at basic pH levels, CB molecules selectively bind only to LPP particles. Consequently, the remaining EV particles present in plasma are subsequently isolated by using titanium dioxide-modified beads (TiMBs) through phospholipid affinity. The simultaneous analysis of the transcriptomic contents of EV and LPP reveals clear differences in their small RNA profiles, with the differentially expressed RNAs reflecting distinct biological processes. Significantly, in a proof-of-concept study, we successfully demonstrated a strong correlation between miRNAs carried by both EV and LPP particles with the occurrence of ocular neovascularization during the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The involved miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for DR diagnostics and severity classification. To sum up, this pH-mediated separation system is not only user-friendly but also highly compatible, rendering it a potent tool for probing the molecular compositions, biomarkers, and underlying biological mechanisms of EVs and LPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Doudou Lou
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Kangfu Xia
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230051, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an 237005, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an 237005, China
| | - Qingfu Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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7
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Di Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang J. Recent engineering advances of EVs for compounds, nucleic acids, and TCM delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106584. [PMID: 37717667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer nano-vesicles that were originally identified to deliver signals for intercellular communications. Based on the dynamic contents including proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites, EVs have been developed into diagnostic and therapeutic fields including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and infectious diseases. A growing number of investigations revealed that EVs are also powerful carriers of loaded compounds and nucleic acids as enhanced treatments. Herein, we summarized the recent engineering advances related to three major issues when applying EVs in drug delivery systems: EVs isolation, drug loading strategies and targeting delivery approaches. Moreover, current applications of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in composition or compound form, are searched and listed as unique combinations with EVs. Further, we discuss emerging challenges and consider future directions of drug-loading EVs in therapeutic opportunities. This review discusses pros and cons of collecting, drug loading and delivery strategies of EVs as delivery systems, and highlights the promising combination with traditional Chinese medicine to help us advance its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Di
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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8
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Ghodasara A, Raza A, Wolfram J, Salomon C, Popat A. Clinical Translation of Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301010. [PMID: 37421185 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) occur in a variety of bodily fluids and have gained recent attraction as natural materials due to their bioactive surfaces, internal cargo, and role in intercellular communication. EVs contain various biomolecules, including surface and cytoplasmic proteins; and nucleic acids that are often representative of the originating cells. EVs can transfer content to other cells, a process that is thought to be important for several biological processes, including immune responses, oncogenesis, and angiogenesis. An increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EV biogenesis, composition, and function has led to an exponential increase in preclinical and clinical assessment of EVs for biomedical applications, such as diagnostics and drug delivery. Bacterium-derived EV vaccines have been in clinical use for decades and a few EV-based diagnostic assays regulated under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments have been approved for use in single laboratories. Though, EV-based products are yet to receive widespread clinical approval from national regulatory agencies such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA), many are in late-stage clinical trials. This perspective sheds light on the unique characteristics of EVs, highlighting current clinical trends, emerging applications, challenges and future perspectives of EVs in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Ghodasara
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Department of Research, Postgraduate and Further Education (DIPEC), Falcuty of Health Sciences, University of Alba, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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9
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Amruta A, Iannotta D, Cheetham SW, Lammers T, Wolfram J. Vasculature organotropism in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115054. [PMID: 37591370 PMCID: PMC10693934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the development of preclinical and clinical nanodelivery systems, and recently, an accelerating demand to deliver RNA and protein-based therapeutics. Organ-specific vasculature provides a promising intermediary for site-specific delivery of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles to interstitial cells. Endothelial cells express organ-specific surface marker repertoires that can be used for targeted delivery. This article highlights organ-specific vasculature properties, nanodelivery strategies that exploit vasculature organotropism, and overlooked challenges and opportunities in targeting and simultaneously overcoming the endothelial barrier. Impediments in the clinical translation of vasculature organotropism in drug delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amruta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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10
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Goncalves JP, Ghebosu RE, Tan XNS, Iannotta D, Koifman N, Wolfram J. Hyaluronic acid: An overlooked extracellular vesicle contaminant. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12362. [PMID: 37712345 PMCID: PMC10502654 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The variable presence of contaminants in extracellular vesicle (EV) samples is one of the major contributors to a lack of inter-study reproducibility in the field. Well-known contaminants include protein aggregates, RNA-protein complexes and lipoproteins, which resemble EVs in shape, size and/or density. On the contrary, polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), have been overlooked as EV contaminants. Here, it is shown that low and medium molecular weight HA polymers are unexpectedly retained to some extent in EV fractions using two common isolation methods known for high purity: size-exclusion chromatography and tangential flow filtration. Although these isolation techniques are capable of efficient removal of non-EV-associated proteins, this is not the case for HA polymers, which are partially retained in a molecular weight-dependent manner, especially with size-exclusion chromatography. The supramolecular structure and hydrodynamic size of HA are likely to contribute to isolation in EV fractions of filtration-based approaches. Conversely, HA polymers were not retained with ultracentrifugation and polymer-based precipitation methods, which are known for co-isolating other types of contaminants. HA has a broad range of immunomodulatory effects, similar to those ascribed to various sources of EVs. Therefore, HA contaminants should be considered in future studies to avoid potential inaccurate attributions of functional effects to EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer P. Goncalves
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Raluca E. Ghebosu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Xuan Ning Sharon Tan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Na'ama Koifman
- Centre for Microscopy and MicroanalysisThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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11
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Beetler DJ, Di Florio DN, Bruno KA, Ikezu T, March KL, Cooper LT, Wolfram J, Fairweather D. Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 91:101155. [PMID: 36456416 PMCID: PMC10073244 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells in the body, forming an important intercellular communication network that contributes to health and disease. The contents of EVs are cell source-specific, inducing distinct signaling responses in recipient cells. The specificity of EVs and their accumulation in fluid spaces that are accessible for liquid biopsies make them highly attractive as potential biomarkers and therapies for disease. The duality of EVs as favorable (therapeutic) or unfavorable (pathological) messengers is context dependent and remains to be fully determined in homeostasis and various disease states. This review describes the use of EVs as biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and regenerative therapeutics, highlighting examples involving viral infections, cancer, and neurological diseases. There is growing interest to provide personalized therapy based on individual patient and disease characteristics. Increasing evidence suggests that EV biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are ideal for personalized medicine due to the diversity and multifunctionality of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Beetler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Damian N Di Florio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Katelyn A Bruno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Leslie T Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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12
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Pendiuk Goncalves J, Walker SA, Aguilar Díaz de León JS, Yang Y, Davidovich I, Busatto S, Sarkaria J, Talmon Y, Borges CR, Wolfram J. Glycan Node Analysis Detects Varying Glycosaminoglycan Levels in Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108506. [PMID: 37239852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in (patho)physiological processes by mediating cell communication. Although EVs contain glycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), these biomolecules have been overlooked due to technical challenges in comprehensive glycome analysis coupled with EV isolation. Conventional mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods are restricted to the assessment of N-linked glycans. Therefore, methods to comprehensively analyze all glyco-polymer classes on EVs are urgently needed. In this study, tangential flow filtration-based EV isolation was coupled with glycan node analysis (GNA) as an innovative and robust approach to characterize most major glyco-polymer features of EVs. GNA is a molecularly bottom-up gas chromatography-MS technique that provides unique information that is unobtainable with conventional methods. The results indicate that GNA can identify EV-associated glyco-polymers that would remain undetected with conventional MS methods. Specifically, predictions based on GNA identified a GAG (hyaluronan) with varying abundance on EVs from two different melanoma cell lines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and enzymatic stripping protocols confirmed the differential abundance of EV-associated hyaluronan. These results lay the framework to explore GNA as a tool to assess major glycan classes on EVs, unveiling the EV glycocode and its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Pendiuk Goncalves
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sierra A Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jesús S Aguilar Díaz de León
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Yubo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Sara Busatto
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jann Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Chad R Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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13
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Eun Shin H, Wook Oh S, Park W. Hybrid Nanovesicle of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-engineered Cell-Derived Vesicle and Drug-Encapsulated Liposome for Effective Cancer Treatment. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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14
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Broad K, Walker SA, Davidovich I, Witwer K, Talmon Y, Wolfram J. Unraveling multilayered extracellular vesicles: Speculation on cause. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12309. [PMID: 36732941 PMCID: PMC9895808 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released, heterogenous nanoparticles that play important roles in (patho)physiological processes through intercellular communication. EVs are often depicted as having a single lipid bilayer, but many studies have demonstrated the existence of multilayered EVs. There has been minimal inquiry into differences between unilamellar and multilamellar EVs in terms of biogenesis mechanisms and functional effects. This commentary speculates on potential causes and roles of multilamellar EVs and serves as a call to action for the research community to unravel the complex layers of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Broad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of TransplantationMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA,Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Florida Scripps Biomedical ResearchJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Sierra A. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of TransplantationMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI)Technion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of NeurologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI)Technion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
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15
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Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Resources in the Clinical Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032344. [PMID: 36768664 PMCID: PMC9917082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The native role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating the transfer of biomolecules between cells has raised the possibility to use them as therapeutic vehicles. The development of therapies based on EVs is now expanding rapidly; here we will describe the current knowledge on different key points regarding the use of EVs in a clinical setting. These points are related to cell sources of EVs, isolation, storage, and delivery methods, as well as modifications to the releasing cells for improved production of EVs. Finally, we will depict the application of EVs therapies in clinical trials, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of these therapies, pointing out that although it is a promising therapy for human diseases, we are still in the initial phase of its application to patients.
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16
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Pan C, Xu P, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Fu S, Liu Z, Chen Y, Xue K, Zhou Q, Liu K. Preparation of therapy-grade extracellular vesicles from adipose tissue to promote diabetic wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1129187. [PMID: 37034267 PMCID: PMC10076785 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1129187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment of diabetic wounds is a major challenge in clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from adipose-derived stem cells have shown effectiveness in diabetic wound models. However, obtaining ADSC-EVs requires culturing vast numbers of cells, which is hampered by the need for expensive equipment and reagents, extended time cost, and complicated procedures before commercialization. Therefore, methods to extract EVs from discarded tissue need to be developed, for immediate application during surgery. For this reason, mechanical, collagenase-digestive, and constant in-vitro-collective methods were designed and compared for preparing therapy-grade EVs directly from adipose tissue. Methods: Characteristics and quantities of EVs were detected by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting firstly. To investigate the biological effects of EVs on diabetic wound healing, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and inflammation-regulation assays were then evaluated in vitro, along with a diabetic wound healing mouse model in vivo. To further explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of EVs, miRNA expression profile of EVs were also identified and analyzed. Results: The adipose tissue derived EVs (AT-EVs) were showed to qualify ISEV identification by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting and the AT-EVs yield from three methods was equal. EVs also showed promoting effects on biological processes related to diabetic wound healing, which depend on fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. We also observed enrichment of overlapping or unique miRNAs originate from different types of AT-EVs associated with diabetic wound healing for further investigation. Conclusion: After comparative analyses, a mechanical method was proposed for preparing immediate clinical applicable EVs from adipose tissue that would result in reduced preparation time and lower cost, which could have promising application potential in treating diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Liu
- *Correspondence: Qimin Zhou, ; Kai Liu,
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17
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Bruno MC, Cristiano MC, Celia C, d'Avanzo N, Mancuso A, Paolino D, Wolfram J, Fresta M. Injectable Drug Delivery Systems for Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19665-19690. [PMID: 36512378 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Joint diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide. The main diseases that affect joint cartilage are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which require chronic treatment focused on symptomatic relief. Conventional drugs administered through systemic or intra-articular routes have low accumulation and/or retention in articular cartilage, causing dose-limiting toxicities and reduced efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop improved strategies for drug delivery, in particular, the use of micro- and nanotechnology-based methods. Encapsulation of therapeutic agents in delivery systems reduces drug efflux from the joint and protects against rapid cellular and enzymatic clearance following intra-articular injection. Consequently, the use of drug delivery systems decreases side effects and increases therapeutic efficacy due to enhanced drug retention in the intra-articular space. Additionally, the frequency of intra-articular administration is reduced, as delivery systems enable sustained drug release. This review summarizes various advanced drug delivery systems, such as nano- and microcarriers, developed for articular cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, I-66100, Italy
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, I-66100, Italy
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
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18
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Xu Q, Chen Y, Jin Y, Wang Z, Dong H, Kaufmann AM, Albers AE, Qian X. Advanced Nanomedicine for High-Risk HPV-Driven Head and Neck Cancer. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122824. [PMID: 36560828 PMCID: PMC9788019 DOI: 10.3390/v14122824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is on the rise globally. HR-HPV-driven HNSCC displays molecular and clinical characteristics distinct from HPV-uninvolved cases. Therapeutic strategies for HR-HPV-driven HNSCC are under investigation. HR-HPVs encode the oncogenes E6 and E7, which are essential in tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, involvement of E6 and E7 provides attractive targets for developing new therapeutic regimen. Here we will review some of the recent advancements observed in preclinical studies and clinical trials on HR-HPV-driven HNSCC, focusing on nanotechnology related methods. Materials science innovation leads to great improvement for cancer therapeutics including HNSCC. This article discusses HPV-E6 or -E7- based vaccines, based on plasmid, messenger RNA or peptide, at their current stage of development and testing as well as how nanoparticles can be designed to target and access cancer cells and activate certain immunology pathways besides serving as a delivery vehicle. Nanotechnology was also used for chemotherapy and photothermal treatment. Short interference RNA targeting E6/E7 showed some potential in animal models. Gene editing by CRISPR-CAS9 combined with other treatments has also been assessed. These advancements have the potential to improve the outcome in HR-HPV-driven HNSCC, however breakthroughs are still to be awaited with nanomedicine playing an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Haoru Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Andreas M. Kaufmann
- Clinic for Gynecology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas E. Albers
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical School Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Correspondence:
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19
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Walker SA, Davidovich I, Yang Y, Lai A, Goncalves JP, Deliwala V, Busatto S, Shapiro S, Koifman N, Salomon C, Talmon Y, Wolfram J. Sucrose-based cryoprotective storage of extracellular vesicles. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE 2022; 1:100016. [PMID: 38665624 PMCID: PMC11044822 DOI: 10.1016/j.vesic.2022.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in extracellular vesicle (EV) studies necessitate the development of optimized storage conditions to ensure preservation of physical and biochemical characteristics. In this study, the most common buffer for EV storage (phosphate-buffered saline/PBS) was compared to a cryoprotective 5% sucrose solution. The size distribution and concentration of EVs from two different sources changed to a greater extent after -80 °C storage in PBS compared to the sucrose solution. Additionally, molecular surface protrusions and transmembrane proteins were more prevalent in EVs stored in the sucrose solution compared to those stored in PBS. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that distinct ring-like molecular complexes and cristae-like folded membranous structures are visible upon EV degradation. Taken together, the size, concentration, molecular surface extensions, and transmembrane proteins of EVs varied substantially based on the buffer used for -80 °C storage, suggesting that biocompatible cryoprotectants, such as sucrose, should be considered for EV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra A. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yubo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jenifer Pendiuk Goncalves
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vatsal Deliwala
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sara Busatto
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shane Shapiro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Na’ama Koifman
- Center of Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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20
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Yuan Y, Sun J, You T, Shen W, Xu W, Dong Q, Cui M. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutics in Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122652. [PMID: 36559145 PMCID: PMC9783774 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases remain some of the major causes of death and disability in the world. Few types of drugs and insufficient delivery across the blood-brain barrier limit the treatment of neurological disorders. The past two decades have seen the rapid development of extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics in many fields. As the physiological and pathophysiological roles of extracellular vesicles are recognized in neurological diseases, they have become promising therapeutics and targets for therapeutic interventions. Moreover, advanced nanomedicine technologies have explored the potential of extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems in neurological diseases. In this review, we discussed the preclinical strategies for extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics in neurological disorders and the struggles involved in their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tongyao You
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (M.C.)
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21
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Gao J, Su Y, Wang Z. Engineering bacterial membrane nanovesicles for improved therapies in infectious diseases and cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114340. [PMID: 35569561 PMCID: PMC9899072 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) is an emerging topic, and the goal is to address whether BMVs can bring translational tools to improve current therapies. In this review, we provided the updated studies on BMVs including their production, their types, and therapeutic regimens for treating infectious diseases and cancers. We described several platforms of BMVs, such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), inner membrane vesicles (IMVs) and double membrane vesicles (DMVs), and those structures were produced from Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. We also discussed how to engineer and formulate new and novel BMVs using chemical, physical, and genetic methods. For therapies, we analyzed current methods for loading drugs in BMVs and discussed their limitations. Finally, we reviewed several therapeutic platforms of BMVs that have been exploited in improving the treatments of infectious diseases and cancers. Although BMVs offer the promising biomedical applications, it is needed to develop rigorous approaches and methods to generate reproducible and scalable drug delivery systems for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenjia Wang
- Corresponding author at: 205 East Spokane Falls BLVD, Spokane, WA 99202, United States of America. (Z. Wang)
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22
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Bashyal S, Thapa C, Lee S. Recent progresses in exosome-based systems for targeted drug delivery to the brain. J Control Release 2022; 348:723-744. [PMID: 35718214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the multiple ongoing and novel initiatives for developing brain-targeted drug delivery systems, insurmountable obstacles remain. A perfect drug delivery device that can bypass the brain-blood barrier and boost therapeutic efficacy is urgently needed for clinical applications. Exosomes hold unrivaled benefits as a drug delivery vehicle for treating brain diseases due to their endogenous and innate attributes. Unique properties, such as the ability to penetrate physical barriers, biocompatibility, innate targeting features, ability to leverage natural intracellular trafficking pathways, favored tumor homing, and stability, make exosomes suitable for brain-targeted drug delivery. Herein, we provide an overview of recent exosome-based drug delivery nanoplatforms and discuss how these inherent vesicles can be used to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain to cure neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, and other brain disorders. Moreover, we review the current roadblocks associated with exosomes and other brain-targeted drug delivery systems and discuss future directions for achieving successful therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bashyal
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chhitij Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Yang M, Walker SA, Aguilar Díaz de León JS, Davidovich I, Broad K, Talmon Y, Borges CR, Wolfram J. Extracellular vesicle glucose transporter-1 and glycan features in monocyte-endothelial inflammatory interactions. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102515. [PMID: 35074500 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-induced endothelial cell inflammation is associated with multiple pathological conditions, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential nanosized components of intercellular communication. EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes were previously shown to carry pro-inflammatory proteins and RNAs. The role of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and glycan features in monocyte-derived EV-induced endothelial cell inflammation remains largely unexplored. This study demonstrates that EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes activate inflammatory pathways in endothelial cells, which are partially attributed to GLUT-1. Alterations in glycan features and increased levels of GLUT-1 were observed in EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes. Notably, inhibition of EV-associated GLUT-1, through the use of fasentin, suppressed EV-induced inflammatory cytokines in recipient endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sierra A Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jesús S Aguilar Díaz de León
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kelly Broad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Chad R Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (present affiliation); School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (present affiliation).
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24
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Vincent B. Plasma extracellular vesicles from the periphery as spreading vectors of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis? EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103961. [PMID: 35325782 PMCID: PMC8938881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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25
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Taşlı NP, Gönen ZB, Kırbaş OK, Gökdemir NS, Bozkurt BT, Bayrakcı B, Sağraç D, Taşkan E, Demir S, Ekimci Gürcan N, Bayındır Bilgiç M, Bayrak ÖF, Yetişkin H, Kaplan B, Pavel STI, Dinç G, Serhatlı M, Çakırca G, Eken A, Aslan V, Yay M, Karakukcu M, Unal E, Gül F, Basaran KE, Ozkul Y, Şahin F, Jones OY, Tekin Ş, Özdarendeli A, Cetin M. Preclinical Studies on Convalescent Human Immune Plasma-Derived Exosome: Omics and Antiviral Properties to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824378. [PMID: 35401544 PMCID: PMC8987587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale of the COVID-19 pandemic forced urgent measures for the development of new therapeutics. One of these strategies is the use of convalescent plasma (CP) as a conventional source for passive immunity. Recently, there has been interest in CP-derived exosomes. In this report, we present a structural, biochemical, and biological characterization of our proprietary product, convalescent human immune plasma-derived exosome (ChipEXO), following the guidelines set forth by the Turkish Ministry of Health and the Turkish Red Crescent, the Good Manufacturing Practice, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles, and the Gene Ontology Consortium. The data support the safety and efficacy of this product against SARS-CoV-2 infections in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Burçin Gönen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Nur Seda Gökdemir
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Buse Bayrakcı
- Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Sağraç
- Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Taşkan
- Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda Demir
- Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Hazel Yetişkin
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vaccine Research and Development Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Büşra Kaplan
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vaccine Research and Development Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Shaikh Terkıs Islam Pavel
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vaccine Research and Development Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Dinç
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Müge Serhatlı
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) Marmara Research Centre Energy Institute, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gamze Çakırca
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) Marmara Research Centre Energy Institute, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Gevher Nesibe Genome and Stem Cell Institute, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Vedat Aslan
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yay
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Musa Karakukcu
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Unal
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fethi Gül
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Erdem Basaran
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Gevher Nesibe Genome and Stem Cell Institute, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Gevher Nesibe Genome and Stem Cell Institute, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Y Jones
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Şaban Tekin
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) Marmara Research Centre Energy Institute, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Medical Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özdarendeli
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vaccine Research and Development Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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26
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Filipović L, Kojadinović M, Popović M. Exosomes and exosome-mimetics as targeted drug carriers: Where we stand and what the future holds? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Wang X, Pham A, Kang L, Walker SA, Davidovich I, Iannotta D, TerKonda SP, Shapiro S, Talmon Y, Pham S, Wolfram J. Effects of Adipose-Derived Biogenic Nanoparticle-Associated microRNA-451a on Toll-like Receptor 4-Induced Cytokines. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:16. [PMID: 35056912 PMCID: PMC8780819 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released nanoparticles that transfer biomolecular content between cells. Among EV-associated biomolecules, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) represent one of the most important modulators of signaling pathways in recipient cells. Previous studies have shown that EVs from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and adipose tissue modulate inflammatory pathways in macrophages. In this study, the effects of miRNAs that are abundant in adipose tissue EVs and other biogenic nanoparticles (BiNPs) were assessed in terms of altering Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced cytokines. TLR-4 signaling in macrophages is often triggered by pathogen or damage-induced inflammation and is associated with several diseases. This study demonstrates that miR-451a, which is abundant in adipose tissue BiNPs, suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with the TLR4 pathway. Therefore, miR-451a may be partially responsible for immunomodulatory effects of adipose tissue-derived BiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
| | - Lu Kang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Sierra A. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (I.D.); (Y.T.)
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
| | - Sarvam P. TerKonda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Shane Shapiro
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (I.D.); (Y.T.)
| | - Si Pham
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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28
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de Boer C, Davies NH. Blood derived extracellular vesicles as regenerative medicine therapeutics. Biochimie 2021; 196:203-215. [PMID: 34688790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative promise of nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells is widely explored. Recently, the capacity of EVs purified from blood to elicit regenerative effect has begun to be evaluated. Blood might be a readily available source of EVs, avoiding need for extensive cell culturing, but there are specific issues that complicate use of the biofluid in this area. We assess the evidence for blood containing regenerative material, progress made towards delivering blood derived EVs as regenerative therapeutics, difficulties that relate to the complexity of blood and the promise of hydrogel-based delivery of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice de Boer
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Neil Hamer Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
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29
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The therapeutic triad of extracellular vesicles: As drug targets, as drugs, and as drug carriers. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114714. [PMID: 34332957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing interest in the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has led to the accumulation of evidence on their critical roles in various pathologies, as well as opportunities to design novel therapeutic EV-based applications. Efficiently exploiting the constantly expanding knowledge of the biology and function of EVs requires a deep understanding of the various possible strategies of using EVs for therapeutic purposes. Accordingly, in the present work, we have narrowed the broad therapeutic potential of EVs and consider the similarities and differences of various strategies as we articulate three major aspects (i.e., a triad) of their therapeutic uses: (i) EVs as drug targets, whereby we discuss therapeutic targeting of disease-promoting EVs; (ii) EVs as drugs, whereby we consider the natural medicinal properties of EVs and the available options for their optimization; and (iii) EVs as drug carriers, whereby we highlight the advantages of EVs as vehicles for efficacious drug delivery of natural compounds. Finally, after conducting a comprehensive review of the latest literature on each of these aspects, we outline opportunities, limitations, and potential solutions.
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30
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Hamdan Y, Mazini L, Malka G. Exosomes and Micro-RNAs in Aging Process. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080968. [PMID: 34440172 PMCID: PMC8393989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are the main actors of intercellular communications and have gained great interest in the new cell-free regenerative medicine. These nanoparticles are secreted by almost all cell types and contain lipids, cytokines, growth factors, messenger RNA, and different non-coding RNA, especially micro-RNAs (mi-RNAs). Exosomes' cargo is released in the neighboring microenvironment but is also expected to act on distant tissues or organs. Different biological processes such as cell development, growth and repair, senescence, migration, immunomodulation, and aging, among others, are mediated by exosomes and principally exosome-derived mi-RNAs. Moreover, their therapeutic potential has been proved and reinforced by their use as biomarkers for disease diagnostics and progression. Evidence has increasingly shown that exosome-derived mi-RNAs are key regulators of age-related diseases, and their involvement in longevity is becoming a promising issue. For instance, mi-RNAs such as mi-RNA-21, mi-RNA-29, and mi-RNA-34 modulate tissue functionality and regeneration by targeting different tissues and involving different pathways but might also interfere with long life expectancy. Human mi-RNAs profiling is effectively related to the biological fluids that are reported differently between young and old individuals. However, their underlying mechanisms modulating cell senescence and aging are still not fully understood, and little was reported on the involvement of mi-RNAs in cell or tissue longevity. In this review, we summarize exosome biogenesis and mi-RNA synthesis and loading mechanism into exosomes' cargo. Additionally, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of exosomes and exosome-derived mi-RNA regulation in the different aging processes.
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31
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Busatto S, Iannotta D, Walker SA, Di Marzio L, Wolfram J. A Simple and Quick Method for Loading Proteins in Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:356. [PMID: 33924377 PMCID: PMC8069621 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular transport of biomolecular cargo in the body, making them promising delivery vehicles for bioactive compounds. Genetic engineering of producer cells has enabled encapsulation of therapeutic proteins in EVs. However, genetic engineering approaches can be expensive, time-consuming, and incompatible with certain EV sources, such as human plasma and bovine milk. The goal of this study was to develop a quick, versatile, and simple method for loading proteins in EVs post-isolation. Proteins, including CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), were bound to cationic lipids that were further complexed with MDA-MB-231 cell-derived EVs through passive incubation. Size-exclusion chromatography was used to remove components that were not complexed with EVs. The ability of EVs to mediate intracellular delivery of proteins was compared to conventional methods, such as electroporation and commercial protein transfection reagents. The results indicate that EVs retain native features following protein-loading and obtain similar levels of intracellular protein delivery as conventional methods, but display less toxicity. This method opens up opportunities for rapid exploration of EVs for protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.I.); (S.A.W.)
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.I.); (S.A.W.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Sierra A. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.I.); (S.A.W.)
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.I.); (S.A.W.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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