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Park Y, KC N, Paneque A, Cole PD. Tau, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and Neurofilament Light Chain as Brain Protein Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood for Diagnosis of Neurobiological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6295. [PMID: 38928000 PMCID: PMC11204270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological damage is the pathological substrate of permanent disability in various neurodegenerative disorders. Early detection of this damage, including its identification and quantification, is critical to preventing the disease's progression in the brain. Tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL), as brain protein biomarkers, have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, disease monitoring, prognostic assessment, and treatment efficacy. These biomarkers are released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood proportionally to the degree of neuron and astrocyte damage in different neurological disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Here, we review how Tau, GFAP, and NfL biomarkers are detected in CSF and blood as crucial diagnostic tools, as well as the levels of these biomarkers used for differentiating a range of neurological diseases and monitoring disease progression. We also discuss a biosensor approach that allows for the real-time detection of multiple biomarkers in various neurodegenerative diseases. This combined detection system of brain protein biomarkers holds significant promise for developing more specific and accurate clinical tools that can identify the type and stage of human neurological diseases with greater precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyu Park
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (N.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Nirajan KC
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (N.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Alysta Paneque
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (N.K.); (A.P.)
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Peter D. Cole
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (N.K.); (A.P.)
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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2
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Zuo Y, Zhang J, He W, Liu X, Deng Z. CarSitePred: an integrated algorithm for identifying carbonylated sites based on KNDUA-LNDOT resampling technique. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38334134 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2313712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Carbonylated sites are the determining factors for functional changes or deletions in carbonylated proteins, so identifying carbonylated sites is essential for understanding the process of protein carbonylated and exploring the pathogenesis of related diseases. The current wet experimental methods for predicting carbonylated modification sites ae not only expensive and time-consuming, but also have limited protein processing capabilities and cannot meet the needs of researchers. The identification of carbonylated sites using computational methods not only improves the functional characterization of proteins, but also provides researchers with free tools for predicting carbonylated sites. Therefore, it is essential to establish a model using computational methods that can accurately predict protein carbonylated sites. In this study, a prediction model, CarSitePred, is proposed to identify carbonylation sites. In CarSitePred, specific location amino acid hydrophobic hydrophilic, one-to-one numerical conversion of amino acids, and AlexNet convolutional neural networks convert preprocessed carbonylated sequences into valid numerical features. The K-means Normal Distribution-based Undersampling Algorithm (KNDUA) and Localized Normal Distribution Oversampling Technology (LNDOT) were firstly proposed and employed to balance the K, P, R and T carbonylation training dataset. And for the first time, carbonylation modification sites were transformed into the form of images and directly inputted into AlexNet convolutional neural network to extract features for fitting SVM classifiers. The 10-fold cross-validation and independent testing results show that CarSitePred achieves better prediction performance than the best currently available prediction models. Availability: https://github.com/zuoyun123/CarSitePred.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zuo
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingrun Zhang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenying He
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaohong Deng
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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3
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Chen L, Jing XY, Hao Y, Liu W, Zhu X, Han W. A novel two-way rebalancing strategy for identifying carbonylation sites. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:429. [PMID: 37957582 PMCID: PMC10644465 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an irreversible post-translational modification, protein carbonylation is closely related to many diseases and aging. Protein carbonylation prediction for related patients is significant, which can help clinicians make appropriate therapeutic schemes. Because carbonylation sites can be used to indicate change or loss of protein function, integrating these protein carbonylation site data has been a promising method in prediction. Based on these protein carbonylation site data, some protein carbonylation prediction methods have been proposed. However, most data is highly class imbalanced, and the number of un-carbonylation sites greatly exceeds that of carbonylation sites. Unfortunately, existing methods have not addressed this issue adequately. RESULTS In this work, we propose a novel two-way rebalancing strategy based on the attention technique and generative adversarial network (Carsite_AGan) for identifying protein carbonylation sites. Specifically, Carsite_AGan proposes a novel undersampling method based on attention technology that allows sites with high importance value to be selected from un-carbonylation sites. The attention technique can obtain the value of each sample's importance. In the meanwhile, Carsite_AGan designs a generative adversarial network-based oversampling method to generate high-feasibility carbonylation sites. The generative adversarial network can generate high-feasibility samples through its generator and discriminator. Finally, we use a classifier like a nonlinear support vector machine to identify protein carbonylation sites. CONCLUSIONS Experimental results demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms other resampling methods. Using our approach to resampling carbonylation data can significantly improve the effect of identifying protein carbonylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Chen
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Jing
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Equipment Fault Diagnosis and School of Computer, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yaru Hao
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhu
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Elhabak M, Salama AAA, Salama AH. Nose-to-brain delivery of galantamine loaded nanospray dried polyacrylic acid/taurodeoxycholate mixed matrix as a protective therapy in lipopolysaccharide-induced Alzheimer's in mice model. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122588. [PMID: 36623740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the promising drug delivery approaches is performed by nanosizing the administered drug product using the nanospray drying technique. In this study, a combination of several formulation factors was integrated and exploited to augment the bioavailability of galantamine hydrobromide (GAL) via the intranasal route. Nanosized polymeric particles were fabricated using the mucoadhesive polymer, polyacrylic acid (PAA), and the permeability booster, sodium taurodeoxycholate (TDC). First, a preliminary study was conducted to adjust the nanospray drying conditions. Then, formulations were prepared on the basis of a mixed factorial experimental design and further analyzed using Design Expert® software. Different responses were investigated: particle size, polydispersity index, spray rate, drying efficiency, and percent yield. The optimized formulation was further assessed for physical morphology using the scanning electron microscope, flowability, in vitro drug release, and in vivo brain cell uptake using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The promising formulation (F6), composed of equal ratio of PAA and TDC and 20 mg GAL, exhibited a particle size of 185.55 ± 4.3 nm, polydispersity index of 0.413 ± 0.02, and yield-value of 69.58 ± 5.82 %. It also displayed good flowability, complete drug release within 2 h, and enhanced in vivo fluorescent dye uptake and penetration in brain cells. The efficacy of the optimized formulation was examined using lipopolysaccharide-induced Alzheimer's in mice. Results revealed the advantageous influence of the optimized formulation (F6) through downregulation of NF-κβ, IL-1β and GFAP as well as upregulating TGF-1β in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elhabak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A A Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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5
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Yang Z, Arja RD, Zhu T, Sarkis GA, Patterson RL, Romo P, Rathore DS, Moghieb A, Abbatiello S, Robertson CS, Haskins WE, Kobeissy F, Wang KKW. Characterization of Calpain and Caspase-6-Generated Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Breakdown Products Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Astroglial Cell Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8960. [PMID: 36012232 PMCID: PMC9409281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament III protein of astroglia cells which is upregulated in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here we reported that GFAP is truncated at both the C- and N-terminals by cytosolic protease calpain to GFAP breakdown products (GBDP) of 46-40K then 38K following pro-necrotic (A23187) and pro-apoptotic (staurosporine) challenges to primary cultured astroglia or neuron-glia mixed cells. In addition, with another pro-apoptotic challenge (EDTA) where caspases are activated but not calpain, GFAP was fragmented internally, generating a C-terminal GBDP of 20 kDa. Following controlled cortical impact in mice, GBDP of 46-40K and 38K were formed from day 3 to 28 post-injury. Purified GFAP protein treated with calpain-1 and -2 generates (i) major N-terminal cleavage sites at A-56*A-61 and (ii) major C-terminal cleavage sites at T-383*Q-388, producing a limit fragment of 38K. Caspase-6 treated GFAP was cleaved at D-78/R-79 and D-225/A-226, where GFAP was relatively resistant to caspase-3. We also derived a GBDP-38K N-terminal-specific antibody which only labels injured astroglia cell body in both cultured astroglia and mouse cortex and hippocampus after TBI. As a clinical translation, we observed that CSF samples collected from severe human TBI have elevated levels of GBDP-38K as well as two C-terminally released GFAP peptides (DGEVIKES and DGEVIKE). Thus, in addition to intact GFAP, both the GBDP-38K as well as unique GFAP released C-terminal proteolytic peptides species might have the potential in tracking brain injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rawad Daniel Arja
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tian Zhu
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - George Anis Sarkis
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division/Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Robert Logan Patterson
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Pammela Romo
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Disa S. Rathore
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ahmed Moghieb
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division/Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Susan Abbatiello
- The Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - William E. Haskins
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin K. W. Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Abbas HA, Salama AM, El-Toumy SA, A. Salama AA, Tadros SH, El Gedaily RA. Novel Neuroprotective Potential of Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC against Lipopolysaccharide Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141792. [PMID: 35890426 PMCID: PMC9322164 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC (Malpighiaceae) is one of the well-known traditionally used remedies worldwide. This study aims to explore the leaves’ metabolome via Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-Liquid-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and to investigate the neuroprotective effect of leaves using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer’s disease model. Mice were administered LPS (0.25 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal) as well as methanolic extract (BME), dichloromethane (BDMF), and butanol (BBF) fractions (each 200 mg/kg/day; oral) for one week. BME and BBF improved behavioral activity on the Y maze test, decreased brain content of inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa B and interleukin 1 beta, and prevented the elevation of cytochrome P450 2E1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein compared to the LPS-administered group. Histopathological examination of several brain parts confirmed the neuroprotective effect of the tested extracts. In addition, BBF exhibited higher activity in all tested in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition assays. Metabolic profiling offered tentative identification of 88 metabolites, including mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins. Several detected metabolites, such as quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, vitexin, and resveratrol, had previously known neuroprotective effects. The current study highlighted the possible novel potential of B. armeniaca in preventing memory impairment, possibly through its antioxidant effect and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy A. Abbas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12573, Egypt; (H.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12573, Egypt; (H.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Sayed A. El-Toumy
- Chemistry of Tannins Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Abeer A. A. Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Soad H. Tadros
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Rania A. El Gedaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1006910089
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7
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Sierri G, Dal Magro R, Vergani B, Leone BE, Formicola B, Taiarol L, Fagioli S, Kravicz M, Tremolizzo L, Calabresi L, Re F. Reduced Levels of ABCA1 Transporter Are Responsible for the Cholesterol Efflux Impairment in β-Amyloid-Induced Reactive Astrocytes: Potential Rescue from Biomimetic HDLs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010102. [PMID: 35008528 PMCID: PMC8745016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral synthesis of cholesterol is mainly handled by astrocytes, which are also responsible for apoproteins’ synthesis and lipoproteins’ assembly required for the cholesterol transport in the brain parenchyma. In Alzheimer disease (AD), these processes are impaired, likely because of the astrogliosis, a process characterized by morphological and functional changes in astrocytes. Several ATP-binding cassette transporters expressed by brain cells are involved in the formation of nascent discoidal lipoproteins, but the effect of beta-amyloid (Aβ) assemblies on this process is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated how of Aβ1-42-induced astrogliosis affects the metabolism of cholesterol in vitro. We detected an impairment in the cholesterol efflux of reactive astrocytes attributable to reduced levels of ABCA1 transporters that could explain the decreased lipoproteins’ levels detected in AD patients. To approach this issue, we designed biomimetic HDLs and evaluated their performance as cholesterol acceptors. The results demonstrated the ability of apoA-I nanodiscs to cross the blood–brain barrier in vitro and to promote the cholesterol efflux from astrocytes, making them suitable as a potential supportive treatment for AD to compensate the depletion of cerebral HDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sierri
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.S.); (R.D.M.); (B.F.); (L.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Roberta Dal Magro
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.S.); (R.D.M.); (B.F.); (L.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Barbara Vergani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (B.V.); (B.E.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Biagio Eugenio Leone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (B.V.); (B.E.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Beatrice Formicola
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.S.); (R.D.M.); (B.F.); (L.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Lorenzo Taiarol
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.S.); (R.D.M.); (B.F.); (L.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Stefano Fagioli
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.S.); (R.D.M.); (B.F.); (L.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Marcelo Kravicz
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.S.); (R.D.M.); (B.F.); (L.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (B.V.); (B.E.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science, Centro Grossi Paoletti, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesca Re
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.S.); (R.D.M.); (B.F.); (L.T.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Katsipis G, Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki AA. Salivary GFAP as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease and its correlation with neuroinflammation and apoptosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 361:577744. [PMID: 34655990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main constituent of the astrocytic cytoskeleton, overexpressed during reactive astrogliosis-a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). GFAP and established biomarkers of neurodegeneration, inflammation, and apoptosis have been determined in the saliva of amnestic-single-domain Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (Ν = 20), AD (Ν = 20) patients, and cognitively healthy Controls (Ν = 20). Salivary GFAP levels were found significantly decreased in MCI and AD patients and were proven an excellent biomarker for discriminating Controls from MCI or AD patients. GFAP levels correlate with studied biomarkers and Aβ42, IL-1β, and caspase-8 are its main predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katsipis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena E Tzekaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- First Neurology Department, "AHEPA" University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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9
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Velásquez E, Szeitz B, Gil J, Rodriguez J, Palkovits M, Renner É, Hortobágyi T, Döme P, Nogueira FC, Marko-Varga G, Domont GB, Rezeli M. Topological Dissection of Proteomic Changes Linked to the Limbic Stage of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750665. [PMID: 34712240 PMCID: PMC8546208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia worldwide. In AD, neurodegeneration spreads throughout different areas of the central nervous system (CNS) in a gradual and predictable pattern, causing progressive memory decline and cognitive impairment. Deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in specific CNS regions correlates with the severity of AD and constitutes the basis for disease classification into different Braak stages (I-VI). Early clinical symptoms are typically associated with stages III-IV (i.e., limbic stages) when the involvement of the hippocampus begins. Histopathological changes in AD have been linked to brain proteome alterations, including aberrant posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as the hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Most proteomic studies to date have focused on AD progression across different stages of the disease, by targeting one specific brain area at a time. However, in AD vulnerable regions, stage-specific proteomic alterations, including changes in PTM status occur in parallel and remain poorly characterized. Here, we conducted proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and acetylomic analyses of human postmortem tissue samples from AD (Braak stage III-IV, n=11) and control brains (n=12), covering all anatomical areas affected during the limbic stage of the disease (total hippocampus, CA1, entorhinal and perirhinal cortices). Overall, ~6000 proteins, ~9000 unique phosphopeptides and 221 acetylated peptides were accurately quantified across all tissues. Our results reveal significant proteome changes in AD brains compared to controls. Among others, we have observed the dysregulation of pathways related to the adaptive and innate immune responses, including several altered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Notably, some of these changes were restricted to specific anatomical areas, while others altered according to disease progression across the regions studied. Our data highlights the molecular heterogeneity of AD and the relevance of neuroinflammation as a major player in AD pathology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Velásquez
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beáta Szeitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Rodriguez
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Döme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fábio Cs Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Division of Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Division of Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Abstract
Fifty years have passed since the discovery of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by Lawrence Eng and colleagues. Now recognized as a member of the intermediate filament family of proteins, it has become a subject for study in fields as diverse as structural biology, cell biology, gene expression, basic neuroscience, clinical genetics and gene therapy. This review covers each of these areas, presenting an overview of current understanding and controversies regarding GFAP with the goal of stimulating continued study of this fascinating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albee Messing
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Michael Brenner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham
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11
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Jakaria M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Barreto GE, Perveen A, Hafeez A, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM. Exploring the Potential of Neuroproteomics in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2263-2278. [PMID: 32493192 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200603112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive brain amyloidosis that damages brain regions associated with memory, thinking, behavioral and social skills. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau inclusions as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and buildup of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide as senile plaques. Several biomarker tests capturing these pathologies have been developed. However, for the full clinical expression of the neurodegenerative events of AD, there exist other central molecular pathways. In terms of understanding the unidentified underlying processes for the progression and development of AD, a complete comprehension of the structure and composition of atypical aggregation of proteins is essential. Presently, to aid the prognosis, diagnosis, detection, and development of drug targets in AD, neuroproteomics is elected as one of the leading essential tools for the efficient exploratory discovery of prospective biomarker candidates estimated to play a crucial role. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present the role of neuroproteomics to analyze the complexity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Jakaria
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghulam M Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Kumar D, Sharma A, Sharma L. A Comprehensive Review of Alzheimer's Association with Related Proteins: Pathological Role and Therapeutic Significance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:674-695. [PMID: 32172687 PMCID: PMC7536827 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200203101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's is an insidious, progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disease which causes the devastation of neurons. Alzheimer's possesses complex pathologies of heterogeneous nature counting proteins as one major factor along with enzymes and mutated genes. Proteins such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), presenilin, mortalin, calbindin-D28K, creactive protein, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and prion protein are some of the chief elements in the foremost hypotheses of AD like amyloid-beta (Aβ) cascade hypothesis, tau hypothesis, cholinergic neuron damage, etc. Disturbed expression of these proteins results in synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, memory loss, and neuronal degradation. On the therapeutic ground, attempts of developing anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, anti-tau therapies are on peak, having APP and tau as putative targets. Some proteins, e.g., HSPs, which ameliorate oxidative stress, calpains, which help in regulating synaptic plasticity, and calmodulin-like skin protein (CLSP) with its neuroprotective role are few promising future targets for developing anti-AD therapies. On diagnostic grounds of AD C-reactive protein, pentraxins, collapsin response mediator protein-2, and growth-associated protein-43 represent the future of new possible biomarkers for diagnosing AD. The last few decades were concentrated over identifying and studying protein targets of AD. Here, we reviewed the physiological/pathological roles and therapeutic significance of nearly all the proteins associated with AD that addresses putative as well as probable targets for developing effective anti-AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
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13
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Fonar G, Polis B, Sams DS, Levi A, Malka A, Bal N, Maltsev A, Elliott E, Samson AO. Modified Snake α-Neurotoxin Averts β-Amyloid Binding to α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Reverses Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2322-2341. [PMID: 33417228 PMCID: PMC8018932 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia and one of the greatest medical, social, and economic challenges. According to a dominant theory, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is a key AD pathogenic factor. Aβ-soluble species interfere with synaptic functions, aggregate gradually, form plaques, and trigger neurodegeneration. The AD-associated pathology affects numerous systems, though the substantial loss of cholinergic neurons and α7 nicotinic receptors (α7AChR) is critical for the gradual cognitive decline. Aβ binds to α7AChR under various experimental settings; nevertheless, the functional significance of this interaction is ambiguous. Whereas the capability of low Aβ concentrations to activate α7AChR is functionally beneficial, extensive brain exposure to high Aβ concentrations diminishes α7AChR activity, contributes to the cholinergic deficits that characterize AD. Aβ and snake α-neurotoxins competitively bind to α7AChR. Accordingly, we designed a chemically modified α-cobratoxin (mToxin) to inhibit the interaction between Aβ and α7AChR. Subsequently, we examined mToxin in a set of original in silico, in vitro, ex vivo experiments, and in a murine AD model. We report that mToxin reversibly inhibits α7AChR, though it attenuates Aβ-induced synaptic transmission abnormalities, and upregulates pathways supporting long-term potentiation and reducing apoptosis. Remarkably, mToxin demonstrates no toxicity in brain slices and mice. Moreover, its chronic intracerebroventricular administration improves memory in AD-model animals. Our results point to unique mToxin neuroprotective properties, which might be tailored for the treatment of AD. Our methodology bridges the gaps in understanding Aβ-α7AChR interaction and represents a promising direction for further investigations and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadiy Fonar
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel.
| | - Baruh Polis
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Dev Sharan Sams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Almog Levi
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Assaf Malka
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Natalia Bal
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Maltsev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evan Elliott
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Abraham O Samson
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
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14
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Zuo Y, Lin J, Zeng X, Zou Q, Liu X. CarSite-II: an integrated classification algorithm for identifying carbonylated sites based on K-means similarity-based undersampling and synthetic minority oversampling techniques. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:216. [PMID: 33902446 PMCID: PMC8077735 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonylation is a non-enzymatic irreversible protein post-translational modification, and refers to the side chain of amino acid residues being attacked by reactive oxygen species and finally converted into carbonyl products. Studies have shown that protein carbonylation caused by reactive oxygen species is involved in the etiology and pathophysiological processes of aging, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, diabetes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and tumor. Current experimental approaches used to predict carbonylation sites are expensive, time-consuming, and limited in protein processing abilities. Computational prediction of the carbonylation residue location in protein post-translational modifications enhances the functional characterization of proteins. RESULTS In this study, an integrated classifier algorithm, CarSite-II, was developed to identify K, P, R, and T carbonylated sites. The resampling method K-means similarity-based undersampling and the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE-KSU) were incorporated to balance the proportions of K, P, R, and T carbonylated training samples. Next, the integrated classifier system Rotation Forest uses "support vector machine" subclassifications to divide three types of feature spaces into several subsets. CarSite-II gained Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) values of 0.2287/0.3125/0.2787/0.2814, False Positive rate values of 0.2628/0.1084/0.1383/0.1313, False Negative rate values of 0.2252/0.0205/0.0976/0.0608 for K/P/R/T carbonylation sites by tenfold cross-validation, respectively. On our independent test dataset, CarSite-II yield MCC values of 0.6358/0.2910/0.4629/0.3685, False Positive rate values of 0.0165/0.0203/0.0188/0.0094, False Negative rate values of 0.1026/0.1875/0.2037/0.3333 for K/P/R/T carbonylation sites. The results show that CarSite-II achieves remarkably better performance than all currently available prediction tools. CONCLUSION The related results revealed that CarSite-II achieved better performance than the currently available five programs, and revealed the usefulness of the SMOTE-KSU resampling approach and integration algorithm. For the convenience of experimental scientists, the web tool of CarSite-II is available in http://47.100.136.41:8081/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zuo
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianyuan Lin
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zeng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410076, China.
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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15
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Gonzales MM, Short MI, Satizabal CL, O’ Bryant S, Tracy RP, Zare H, Seshadri S. Blood biomarkers for dementia in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12164. [PMID: 33860071 PMCID: PMC8033409 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study evaluated if blood markers reflecting diverse biological pathways differentiate clinical diagnostic groups among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adults. METHODS Within Hispanic (n = 1193) and non-Hispanic White (n = 650) participants, serum total tau (t-tau), neurofilament light (NfL), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase LI, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), soluble cluster of differentiation-14, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) were quantified. Mixed-effects partial proportional odds ordinal logistic regression and linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association of biomarkers with diagnostic group and cognition, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, apolipoprotein E ε4, education, and site. RESULTS T-tau, NfL, GFAP, and YKL-40 discriminated between diagnostic groups (receiver operating curve: 0.647-0.873). Higher t-tau (odds ratio [OR] = 1.671, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.457-1.917, P < .001), NfL (OR = 2.150, 95% CI = 1.819-2.542, P < .001), GFAP (OR = 2.283, 95% CI = 1.915-2.722, P < .001), and YKL-40 (OR = 1.288, 95% CI = 1.125-1.475, P < .001) were associated with increased likelihood of dementia relative to cognitively unimpaired and mild cognitive impairment groups. Higher NfL was associated with poorer global cognition (β = -0.455, standard error [SE] = 0.083, P < .001), semantic fluency (β = -0.410, SE = 0.133, P = .002), attention/processing speed (β = 2.880, SE = 0.801, P < .001), and executive function (β = 5.965, SE = 2.037, P = .003). Higher GFAP was associated with poorer global cognition (β = -0.345, SE = 0.092, P = .001), learning (β = -1.426, SE = 0.359, P < .001), and memory (β = -0.890, SE = 0.266, P < .001). Higher YKL-40 (β = -0.537, SE = 0.186, P = .004) was associated with lower memory scores. Interactions with ethnicity were observed for learning (NfL, GFAP, YKL-40), memory (NfL, GFAP), and semantic fluency (NfL; interaction terms P < .008), which were generally no longer significant in a demographically matched subset of Hispanic and non-Hispanic White participants. DISCUSSION Blood biomarkers of neuronal/axonal and glial injury differentiated between clinical diagnostic groups in a bi-ethnic cohort of Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites. Our results add to the growing literature indicating that blood biomarkers may be viable tools for detecting neurodegenerative conditions and highlight the importance of validation in diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi M. Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Meghan I. Short
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sid O’ Bryant
- Institute for Translational Research and Department of Pharmacology & NeuroscienceUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Russel P. Tracy
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and BiochemistryLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Habil Zare
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Cell Systems and AnatomyUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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16
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Cioffi F, Adam RHI, Broersen K. Molecular Mechanisms and Genetics of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:981-1017. [PMID: 31744008 PMCID: PMC6971833 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause dementia in elderly over 60 years of age. One of the disease hallmarks is oxidative stress which interconnects with other processes such as amyloid-β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and tangle formation. This review discusses current thoughts on molecular mechanisms that may relate oxidative stress to Alzheimer’s disease and identifies genetic factors observed from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rayan Hassan Ibrahim Adam
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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17
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Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239199. [PMID: 33276665 PMCID: PMC7730281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, several investigations have suggested that Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be regarded as the consequence of a bowel disorder. Indeed, gastrointestinal symptoms can occur at all stages of this neurodegenerative disease and in up to a third of cases, their onset can precede the involvement of the central nervous system. Recent data suggest that enteric glial cells (EGCs) may play a major role in PD-related gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as in the development and progression of the central disease. In addition to their trophic and structural functions, EGCs are crucial for the homeostatic control of a wide range of gastrointestinal activities. The main purpose of this review was to provide a detailed overview of the role of EGCs in intestinal PD-associated alterations, with particular regard for their participation in digestive and central inflammation as well as the dynamic interactions between glial cells and intestinal epithelial barrier. Accumulating evidence suggests that several pathological intestinal conditions, associated with an impairment of barrier permeability, may trigger dysfunctions of EGCs and their shift towards a proinflammatory phenotype. The reactive gliosis is likely responsible for PD-related neuroinflammation and the associated pathological changes in the ENS. Thus, ameliorating the efficiency of mucosal barrier, as well as avoiding IEB disruption and the related reactive gliosis, might theoretically prevent the onset of PD or, at least, counteract its progression.
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18
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Type III intermediate filaments as targets and effectors of electrophiles and oxidants. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101582. [PMID: 32711378 PMCID: PMC7381704 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) play key roles in cell mechanics, signaling and homeostasis. Their assembly and dynamics are finely regulated by posttranslational modifications. The type III IFs, vimentin, desmin, peripherin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), are targets for diverse modifications by oxidants and electrophiles, for which their conserved cysteine residue emerges as a hot spot. Pathophysiological examples of these modifications include lipoxidation in cell senescence and rheumatoid arthritis, disulfide formation in cataracts and nitrosation in endothelial shear stress, although some oxidative modifications can also be detected under basal conditions. We previously proposed that cysteine residues of vimentin and GFAP act as sensors for oxidative and electrophilic stress, and as hinges influencing filament assembly. Accumulating evidence indicates that the structurally diverse cysteine modifications, either per se or in combination with other posttranslational modifications, elicit specific functional outcomes inducing distinct assemblies or network rearrangements, including filament stabilization, bundling or fragmentation. Cysteine-deficient mutants are protected from these alterations but show compromised cellular performance in network assembly and expansion, organelle positioning and aggresome formation, revealing the importance of this residue. Therefore, the high susceptibility to modification of the conserved cysteine of type III IFs and its cornerstone position in filament architecture sustains their role in redox sensing and integration of cellular responses. This has deep pathophysiological implications and supports the potential of this residue as a drug target. Type III intermediate filaments can be modified by many oxidants and electrophiles. Oxidative modifications of type III IFs occur in normal and pathological conditions. The conserved cysteine residue acts as a hub for redox/electrophilic modifications. Cysteine modifications elicit structure-dependent type III IF rearrangements. Type III intermediate filaments act as sensors for oxidative and electrophilic stress.
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19
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Zolochevska O, Bjorklund N, Woltjer R, Wiktorowicz JE, Taglialatela G. Postsynaptic Proteome of Non-Demented Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:659-682. [PMID: 30103319 PMCID: PMC6130411 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals, here referred to as Non-Demented with Alzheimer’s Neuropathology (NDAN), retain their cognitive function despite the presence of amyloid plaques and tau tangles typical of symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In NDAN, unlike AD, toxic amyloid-β oligomers do not localize to the postsynaptic densities (PSDs). Synaptic resistance to amyloid-β in NDAN may thus enable these individuals to remain cognitively intact despite the AD-like pathology. The mechanism(s) responsible for this resistance remains unresolved and understanding such protective biological processes could reveal novel targets for the development of effective treatments for AD. The present study uses a proteomic approach to compare the hippocampal postsynaptic densities of NDAN, AD, and healthy age-matched persons to identify protein signatures characteristic for these groups. Subcellular fractionation followed by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the PSDs. We describe fifteen proteins which comprise the unique proteomic signature of NDAN PSDs, thus setting them apart from control subjects and AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zolochevska
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Bjorklund
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Randall Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John E Wiktorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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20
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Lamoureux L, Simon SLR, Waitt B, Knox JD. Proteomic Screen of Brain Glycoproteome Reveals Prion Specific Marker of Pathogenesis. Proteomics 2019; 18. [PMID: 29087046 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the presence of an infectious prion protein. The primary site of pathology is the brain characterized by neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, prion fibrils, and vacuolation. The events preceding the observed pathology remain in question. We sought to identify biomarkers in the brain of TSE-infected and aged-matched control mice using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Since the brain proteome is too complex to resolve all proteins using 2D-DIGE, protein samples are initially filtered through either concanavalin A (ConA) or wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) columns. Four differentially abundant proteins are identified through screening of the two different glycoproteomes: Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1), calponin-3 (CNN3), peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Confirmatory Western blots are performed with samples from TSE-infected and comparative Alzheimer's disease (AD) affected brains and their respective controls from time points throughout the disease courses. The abundance of three of the four proteins increases significantly during later stages of prion disease whereas NEGR1 decreases in abundance. Comparatively, no significant changes are observed in later stages of AD. Our lab is the first to associate the glycosylated NEGR1 protein with prion disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Lamoureux
- Prion Laboratory Services, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sharon L R Simon
- Prion Laboratory Services, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brooks Waitt
- Prion Laboratory Services, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - J David Knox
- Prion Laboratory Services, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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21
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Uddin MS, Stachowiak A, Mamun AA, Tzvetkov NT, Takeda S, Atanasov AG, Bergantin LB, Abdel-Daim MM, Stankiewicz AM. Autophagy and Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implications. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:04. [PMID: 29441009 PMCID: PMC5797541 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of progressive dementia in the elderly. It is characterized by a progressive and irreversible loss of cognitive abilities and formation of senile plaques, composed mainly of amyloid β (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), composed of tau protein, in the hippocampus and cortex of afflicted humans. In brains of AD patients the metabolism of Aβ is dysregulated, which leads to the accumulation and aggregation of Aβ. Metabolism of Aβ and tau proteins is crucially influenced by autophagy. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent, homeostatic process, in which organelles and proteins are degraded and recycled into energy. Thus, dysfunction of autophagy is suggested to lead to the accretion of noxious proteins in the AD brain. In the present review, we describe the process of autophagy and its importance in AD. Additionally, we discuss mechanisms and genes linking autophagy and AD, i.e., the mTOR pathway, neuroinflammation, endocannabinoid system, ATG7, BCL2, BECN1, CDK5, CLU, CTSD, FOXO1, GFAP, ITPR1, MAPT, PSEN1, SNCA, UBQLN1, and UCHL1. We also present pharmacological agents acting via modulation of autophagy that may show promise in AD therapy. This review updates our knowledge on autophagy mechanisms proposing novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anna Stachowiak
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | | | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shinya Takeda
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori, Japan
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leandro B Bergantin
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-technology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
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Abstract
Proteomics and lipidomics are powerful tools to the large-scale study of proteins and lipids, respectively. Several methods can be employed with particular benefits and limitations in the study of human brain. This is a review of the rationale use of current techniques with particular attention to limitations and pitfalls inherent to each one of the techniques, and more importantly, to their use in the study of post-mortem brain tissue. These aspects are cardinal to avoid false interpretations, errors and unreal expectancies. Other points are also stressed as exemplified in the analysis of human neurodegenerative diseases which are manifested by disease-, region-, and stage-specific modifications commonly in the context of aging. Information about certain altered protein clusters and proteins oxidatively damaged is summarized for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Ferrer
- Pathologic Anatomy Service, Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona; and Network Center of Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III; Hospitalet de Llobregat, Llobregat, Spain.
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23
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Choi JY, Hwang CJ, Lee DY, Gu SM, Lee HP, Choi DY, Oh KW, Han SB, Hong JT. (E)-2-Methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) Phenol Ameliorates LPS-Mediated Memory Impairment by Inhibition of STAT3 Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:555-570. [PMID: 29052076 PMCID: PMC5683055 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by an excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils within the brain. We tested the anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP), a selective signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor. We examined whether MMPP (5 mg/kg in drinking water for 1 month) prevents amyloidogenesis and cognitive impairment on AD model mice induced by intraperitoneal LPS (250 μg/kg daily 7 times) injections. Additionally, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effect of MMPP (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) in LPS (1 μg/mL)-treated cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. MMPP treatment reduced LPS-induced memory loss. This memory recovery effect was associated with the reduction of LPS-induced inflammatory proteins; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as activation of microglial cells and astrocytes in the brain. Furthermore, MMPP reduced LPS-induced β-secretase and Aβ generation. In in vitro study, LPS-induced expression of inflammatory proteins and amyloidogenic proteins was decreased in microglial BV-2 cells and cultured astrocytes by MMPP treatment. Moreover, MMPP treatment suppressed DNA binding activities of the activation of STAT3 in in vivo and in vitro. These results indicated that MMPP inhibits LPS-induced amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation via inhibition of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Ki Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Li T, Vandesquille M, Bay S, Dhenain M, Delatour B, Lafaye P. Selection of similar single domain antibodies from two immune VHH libraries obtained from two alpacas by using different selection methods. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:89-95. [PMID: 28690185 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The two most used methods to select camelid single-domain antibody-fragments (VHHs) are: displaying their repertoires on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages (phage display) or linking them to ribosomes (ribosome display). In this study, we compared specific VHHs isolated from two different immune libraries coming from two different alpacas by using these two selection methods. Three anti-GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) VHHs were derived from an immune library obtained by ribosome display after immunization of one alpaca with purified GFAP, a protein expressed by astroglial cells. In parallel, three other anti-GFAP VHHs were derived from an immune library by phage display after immunization of another alpaca with a human brain tissue extract containing GFAP. All the VHHs were closely related and one VHH was found to be strictly identical in both studies. This highlights the selection pressure exerted by the camelid immune system to shape the paratope of an antibody against a defined antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Institut Pasteur, CITECH, Plateforme d'Ingénierie des Anticorps, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127/CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvie Bay
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3523, Paris, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), MIRCen, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127/CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Lafaye
- Institut Pasteur, CITECH, Plateforme d'Ingénierie des Anticorps, Paris, France.
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Maadawi ZME. Conditioned Medium Derived from Salidroside-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Ameliorates Mouse Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cerebral Neuroinflammation- Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:60-68. [PMID: 28446004 PMCID: PMC5488777 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) revealed substantial benefits due to its rich content of trophic factors. Salidroside (Sal), extracted from Rhodiola rosea, is known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Sal pretreated CM (CM-Sal) derived from bone marrow MSCs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neuroinflammation. Material and Methods Fifty adult male mice were equally divided into 5 groups: Group I (Normal Control), Group II (LPS): single 0.8 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally; Group III (LPS-DMEM), Group IV (LPS-CM) and Group V (LPS-CM-Sal): LPS was injected as group II followed, 24 hours later, by intranasal injection of 50 μl of filtered serum- free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), CM or CM-Sal, respectively, twice daily for 4 days. Animals were sacrificed at day 6 and paraffin cerebral sections were subjected to Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with caspase 3 (apoptosis), glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP (astrocytes) and CD68 (active microglia) followed by quantitative morphometric study. Results Examination of LPS and LPS-DMEM groups revealed neuronal apoptosis with reactive astrogliosis and increased active microglia. LPS-CM and LPS-CM-Sal groups showed less apoptosis, less astrocytes and less active microglia. The regression in neuroinflammation was more evident in LPS-CM-Sal group and the difference was statistically significant compared to other groups. Conclusion CM-Sal derived from MSCs culture elicited significant histopathological improvement in LPS induced neuroinflammation which could be used as new therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab M El Maadawi
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Kim YE, Hwang CJ, Lee HP, Kim CS, Son DJ, Ham YW, Hellström M, Han SB, Kim HS, Park EK, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of punicalagin on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and memory impairment via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Identification of autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein in spinal cord injury patients. Neuroreport 2016; 27:90-3. [PMID: 26629661 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury causing significant morbidity and mortality. Experimental studies have demonstrated that SCI induced cellular damage and disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier can initiate an autoimmune response. This response is thought to be pathogenic and contribute to poor outcome. The objective of this research was to investigate whether human SCI mounts an autoimmune response to self-antigens. Plasma samples were collected longitudinally from SCI patients (n=18) at acute (T1, <48 h) and subacute (T2, 2-4 weeks) time points to probe western blots of human brain homogenates in order to screen patients for the presence of putative autoantibodies. To identify the corresponding antigens, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, western blot and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses were performed. We found that four of 18 patients (22%) had novel immunoreactive bands ranging in size from 36 to 42 kDa present in subacute, but not in acute, plasma samples suggesting postinjury production. To identify the cross-reacting antigens, we separated brain proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified nine immunoreactive spots. Amino acid sequence analysis of these spots identified peptides that mapped to glial fibrillary acidic protein. Our results suggest that ∼ 22% of SCI patients generated autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein. Future studies will be required to determine whether these autoantibodies contribute to the pathogenic sequelae of SCI.
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28
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Glial fibrillary acidic protein is differentially expressed across cortical and subcortical regions in healthy brains and downregulated in the thalamus and caudate nucleus of depressed suicides. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:509-15. [PMID: 26033239 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence to suggest aberrant astrocytic function in depression and suicide. Independent studies have reported astrocytic abnormalities in certain brain regions, but it remains unclear whether this is a brain-wide phenomenon. The present study examined this question by measuring glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in postmortem brain samples from suicide completers and matched non-psychiatric controls. Suicide completers were selected based on their recent characterization as low GFAP expressors in the prefrontal cortex, (Brodmann areas 8/9 and 10). Real-time PCR and immunoblotting were used to measure GFAP gene expression and protein levels in BA4 (primary motor cortex), BA17 (primary visual cortex), cerebellar cortex, mediodorsal thalamus and caudate nucleus. We found downregulation of GFAP mRNA and protein in the mediodorsal thalamus and caudate nucleus of depressed suicides compared with controls, whereas GFAP expression in other brain regions was similar between groups. Furthermore, a regional comparison including all samples revealed that GFAP expression in both subcortical regions was, on average, between 11- and 15-fold greater than in cerebellum and neocortex. Examining astrocyte morphology by immunohistochemistry showed that astrocytes in both thalamus and caudate displayed larger cell bodies and extended more ramified processes across larger domains than the previously described cortical astrocytes. This study reveals that astrocytic abnormalities are not brain wide and suggests that they are restricted to cortical and subcortical networks known to be affected in mood disorders. Additionally, our results show a greater diversity in human astrocytic phenotypes than previously thought.
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29
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Cortelazzo A, De Felice C, Guerranti R, Signorini C, Leoncini S, Pecorelli A, Scalabrì F, Madonna M, Filosa S, Della Giovampaola C, Capone A, Durand T, Mirasole C, Zolla L, Valacchi G, Ciccoli L, Guy J, D’Esposito M, Hayek J. Abnormal N-glycosylation pattern for brain nucleotide pyrophosphatase-5 (NPP-5) in Mecp2-mutant murine models of Rett syndrome. Neurosci Res 2016; 105:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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30
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Khairallah MI, Kassem LA, Yassin NA, Gamal el Din MA, Zekri M, Attia M. Activation of migration of endogenous stem cells by erythropoietin as potential rescue for neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:148-57. [PMID: 26802509 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. There is deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain and subsequent neuronal loss. Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. There is still no effective curative therapy for these patients. One promising strategy involves the stimulation of endogenous stem cells. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of erythropoietin (EPO) in neurogenesis, and proved its manipulation of the endogenous mesenchymal stem cells in model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. METHODS Forty five adult male mice were divided equally into 3 groups: Group I (control), group II (LPS untreated group): mice were injected with single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 0.8 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) to induce neuroinflammation, group III (EPO treated group): in addition to (LPS) mice were further injected with EPO in dose of 40 μg/kg of body weight three times weekly for 5 consecutive weeks. Groups were tested for their locomotor activity and memory using open field test and Y-maze. Cerebral specimens were subjected to histological and morphometric studies. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and mesenchymal stem cell marker CD44 were assessed using immunostaining. Gene expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was examined in brain tissue. RESULTS LPS decreased locomotor activity and percentage of correct choices in Y-maze test. Cerebral sections of LPS treated mice showed increased percentage area of dark nuclei and amyloid plaques. Multiple GFAP positive astrocytes were detected in affected cerebral sections. In addition, decrease BDNF gene expression was noted. On the other hand, EPO treated group, showed improvement in locomotor and cognitive function. Examination of the cerebral sections showed multiple neurons exhibiting less dark nuclei and less amyloid plaques in comparison to the untreated group. GFAP positive astrocytes were also reduced. Cerebral sections of the EPO treated group showed multiple branched and spindle CD44 positive cells inside and around blood vessels more than in LPS group. This immunostaining was negative in the control group. EPO administration increased BDNF gene expression. CONCLUSION This study proved that EPO provides excellent neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects in vivo model of LPS induced neuroinflammation. It enhances brain tissue regeneration via stimulation of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and their migration to the site of inflammation. EPO also up regulates cerebral BDNF expression and production, which might contributes to EPO mediated neurogenesis. It also attenuates reactive gliosis thus reduces neuroinflammation. These encouraging results obtained with the use of EPO proved that it may be a promising candidate for future clinical application and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Khairallah
- Department of Physiology, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology-German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt.
| | - L A Kassem
- Department of Physiology, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology-German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - N A Yassin
- Department of Physiology, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology-German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - M A Gamal el Din
- Department of Physiology, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology-German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - M Zekri
- Department of Histology, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - M Attia
- Department of Histology, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Miura Y, Endo T. Glycomics and glycoproteomics focused on aging and age-related diseases--Glycans as a potential biomarker for physiological alterations. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1608-14. [PMID: 26801879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since glycosylation depends on glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, and sugar nucleotide donors, it is susceptible to the changes associated with physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, alterations in glycan structures may be good targets and biomarkers for monitoring health conditions. Since human aging and longevity are affected by genetic and environmental factors such as diseases, lifestyle, and social factors, a scale that reflects various environmental factors is required in the study of human aging and longevity. SCOPE OF REVIEW We herein focus on glycosylation changes elucidated by glycomic and glycoproteomic studies on aging, longevity, and age-related diseases including cognitive impairment, diabetes mellitus, and frailty. We also consider the potential of glycan structures as biomarkers and/or targets for monitoring physiological and pathophysiological changes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glycan structures are altered in age-related diseases. These glycans and glycoproteins may be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases and, thus, be useful diagnostic markers. Age-dependent changes in N-glycans have been reported previously in cohort studies, and characteristic N-glycans in extreme longevity have been proposed. These findings may lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying aging as well as the factors influencing longevity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Alterations in glycosylation may be good targets and biomarkers for monitoring health conditions, and be applicable to studies on age-related diseases and healthy aging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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32
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García-Ayllón MS, Botella-López A, Cuchillo-Ibañez I, Rábano A, Andreasen N, Blennow K, Ávila J, Sáez-Valero J. HNK-1 Carrier Glycoproteins Are Decreased in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:188-199. [PMID: 26738850 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1), 3-sulfonated glucuronic acid, is a glycoepitope marker of cell adhesion that participates in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and in neurite growth. Very little is known about the regulation of the HNK-1 glycan in neurodegenerative disease, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigate changes in the levels of HNK-1 carrier glycoproteins in AD. We demonstrate an overall decrease in HNK-1 immunoreactivity in glycoproteins extracted from the frontal cortex of AD subjects, compared with levels from non-demented controls (NDC). Immunoblotting of ventricular post-mortem and lumbar ante-mortem cerebrospinal fluid with HNK-1 antibodies indicate similar levels of carrier glycoproteins in AD and NDC samples. Decrease in HNK-1 carrier glycoproteins were not paralleled by changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the glycoepitope, β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT), glucuronyltransferases GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S, or sulfotransferase HNK-1ST. Over-expression of amyloid precursor protein in Tg2576 transgenic mice and in vitro treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with the amyloidogenic Aβ42 peptide resulted in a decrease in HNK-1 immunoreactivity levels in brain and cellular extracts, whereas the levels of soluble HNK-1 glycoproteins detected in culture media were not affected by Aβ treatment. HNK-1 levels remain unaffected in the brain extracts of Tg-VLW mice, a model of mutant hyperphosphorylated tau, and in SH-SY5Y cells over-expressing hyperphosphorylated wild-type tau. These results provide evidence that cellular levels of HNK-1 carrier glycoforms are decreased in the brain of AD subjects, probably influenced by the β-amyloid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Salud García-Ayllón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. .,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO, Elche, Spain.
| | - Arancha Botella-López
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Cuchillo-Ibañez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Banco de Tejidos de la Fundación CIEN, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niels Andreasen
- Karolinska Institute-Alzheimer Disease Research center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad, Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
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Abstract
Toxocara canis and T. cati are highly prevalent nematode infections of the intestines of dogs and cats. In paratenic hosts, larvae do not mature in the intestine but instead migrate through the somatic tissues and organs of the body. The presence of these migrating larvae can contribute to pathology. Toxocara larvae can invade the brains of humans, and while case descriptions of cerebral toxocariasis are historically rare, improved diagnosis and greater awareness have contributed to increased detection. Despite this, cerebral or neurological toxocariasis (NT) remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Furthermore, our understanding of cognitive deficits due to toxocariasis in human populations remains particularly deficient. Recent data describe an enhanced expression of biomarkers associated with brain injury, such as GFAP, AβPP, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), NF-L, S100B, tTG, and p-tau, in mice receiving even low doses of Toxocara ova. Finally, this review outlines a hypothesis to explore the relationship between the presence of T. canis larvae in the brain and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to enhanced AD-associated neurodegenerative biomarker expression.
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Moya-Alvarado G, Gershoni-Emek N, Perlson E, Bronfman FC. Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD). What Can Proteomics Tell Us About the Alzheimer's Brain? Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:409-25. [PMID: 26657538 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r115.053330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), are becoming more prevalent as the population ages. However, the mechanisms that lead to synapse destabilization and neuron death remain elusive. The advent of proteomics has allowed for high-throughput screening methods to search for biomarkers that could lead to early diagnosis and treatment and to identify alterations in the cellular proteome that could provide insight into disease etiology and possible treatment avenues. In this review, we have concentrated mainly on the findings that are related to how and whether proteomics studies have contributed to two aspects of AD research, the development of biomarkers for clinical diagnostics, and the recognition of proteins that can help elucidate the pathways leading to AD brain pathology. As a result of these studies, several candidate cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are now available for further validation in different AD cohorts. Studies in AD brain and AD transgenic models support the notion that oxidative damage results in the alterations of metabolic enzymes and that mitochondrial dysfunction is central to AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moya-Alvarado
- From the ‡Millennium Nucleus of Regenerative Biology (MINREB) and CARE Center, Department of Physiology,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noga Gershoni-Emek
- §Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eran Perlson
- §Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- From the ‡Millennium Nucleus of Regenerative Biology (MINREB) and CARE Center, Department of Physiology,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.;
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Xu B, Gao Y, Zhan S, Xiong F, Qiu W, Qian X, Wang T, Wang N, Zhang D, Yang Q, Wang R, Bao X, Dou W, Tian R, Meng S, Gai WP, Huang Y, Yan XX, Ge W, Ma C. Quantitative protein profiling of hippocampus during human aging. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 39:46-56. [PMID: 26923401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus appears commonly affected by aging and various neurologic disorders in humans, whereas little is known about age-related change in overall protein expression in this brain structure. Using the 4-plex tandem mass tag labeling, we carried out a quantitative proteomic study of the hippocampus during normal aging using postmortem brains from Chinese subjects. Hippocampal samples from 16 subjects died of non-neurological/psychiatric diseases were divided into 4 age groups: 22-49, 50-69, 70-89, and >90. Among 4582 proteins analyzed, 35 proteins were significantly elevated, whereas 25 proteins were downregulated, along with increasing age. Several upregulated proteins, including transgelin, vimentin, myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9, and calcyphosin, were further verified by quantitative Western blot analysis of hippocampal tissues from additional normal subjects. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the upregulated and downregulated proteins were largely involved in several important protein-protein interaction networks. Proteins in the electron transport chain and synaptic vesicle fusion pathway were consistently downregulated with aging, whereas proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease showed little change. Our study demonstrates substantial protein profile changes in the human hippocampus during aging, which could be of relevance to age-related loss of hippocampal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naili Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanchen Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Gai
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University School of Medicine, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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36
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Mothet JP, Le Bail M, Billard JM. Time and space profiling of NMDA receptor co-agonist functions. J Neurochem 2015; 135:210-25. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Team ‘Gliotransmission and Synaptopathies’; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M UMR7286; Marseille France
| | - Matildé Le Bail
- Team ‘Gliotransmission and Synaptopathies’; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M UMR7286; Marseille France
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- Center of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; University Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris City; UMR 894; Paris France
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37
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Sukhorukova EG, Korzhevskii DE, Alekseeva OS. Glial fibrillary acidic protein: The component of iintermediate filaments in the vertebrate brain astrocytes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Petzold A. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a body fluid biomarker for glial pathology in human disease. Brain Res 2015; 1600:17-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Brinkmalm A, Portelius E, Öhrfelt A, Brinkmalm G, Andreasson U, Gobom J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Explorative and targeted neuroproteomics in Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:769-78. [PMID: 25619854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain amyloidosis that injures brain regions involved in memory consolidation and other higher brain functions. Neuropathologically, the disease is characterized by accumulation of a 42 amino acid peptide called amyloid β (Aβ42) in extracellular senile plaques, intraneuronal inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal and axonal degeneration and loss. Biomarker assays capturing these pathologies have been developed for use on cerebrospinal fluid samples but there are additional molecular pathways that most likely contribute to the neurodegeneration and full clinical expression of AD. One way of learning more about AD pathogenesis is to identify novel biomarkers for these pathways and examine them in longitudinal studies of patients in different stages of the disease. Here, we discuss targeted proteomic approaches to study AD and AD-related pathologies in closer detail and explorative approaches to discover novel pathways that may contribute to the disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuroproteomics: Applications in neuroscience and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Annika Öhrfelt
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
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Clairembault T, Leclair-Visonneau L, Neunlist M, Derkinderen P. Enteric glial cells: new players in Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 2014; 30:494-8. [PMID: 25100667 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy pathology has been described in neurons of the enteric nervous system in nearly all Parkinson's disease (PD) patients at autopsy. The enteric nervous system not only contains a variety of functionally distinct enteric neurons but also harbors a prominent component of glial cells, the so-called enteric glial cells, which, like astrocytes of the central nervous system, contribute to support, protect, and maintain the neural network. A growing body of evidence supports a role for enteric glial cells in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic constipation. We have recently shown that enteric glial cell dysfunction occurs in PD. In the present review, we discuss the possible implications of enteric glia in PD-related gut dysfunction as well as in disease initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clairembault
- Inserm, U913, Nantes, F-44093, France; University Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France; CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, F-44093, France
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41
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Clairembault T, Kamphuis W, Leclair-Visonneau L, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Coron E, Neunlist M, Hol EM, Derkinderen P. Enteric GFAP expression and phosphorylation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2014; 130:805-15. [PMID: 24749759 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are in many respects similar to astrocytes of the central nervous system and express similar proteins including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Changes in GFAP expression and/or phosphorylation have been reported during brain damage or central nervous system degeneration. As in Parkinson's disease (PD) the enteric neurons accumulate α-synuclein, and thus are showing PD-specific pathological features, we undertook the present survey to study whether the enteric glia in PD become reactive by assessing the expression and phosphorylation levels of GFAP in colonic biopsies. Twenty-four PD, six progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), six multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, and 21 age-matched healthy controls were included. The expression levels and the phosphorylation state of GFAP were analyzed in colonic biopsies by western blot. Additional experiments were performed using real-time PCR for a more precise analysis of the GFAP isoforms expressed by EGCs. We showed that GFAPκ was the main isoform expressed in EGCs. As compared to control subjects, patients with PD, but not PSP and MSA, had significant higher GFAP expression levels in their colonic biopsies. The phosphorylation level of GFAP at serine 13 was significantly lower in PD patients compared to control subjects. By contrast, no change in GFAP phosphorylation was observed between PSP, MSA and controls. Our findings provide evidence that enteric glial reaction occurs in PD and further reinforce the role of the enteric nervous system in the initiation and/or the progression of the disease. We showed that GFAP is over-expressed and hypophosphorylated in the enteric glial cells (EGCs) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients as compared to healthy subjects and patients with atypical parkinsonism (MSA, multiple system atrophy and PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy). Our findings provide evidence that enteric glial reaction occurs in PD but not in PSP and MSA and further reinforce the role of the enteric nervous system in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clairembault
- Inserm U913, Nantes, France; University Nantes, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
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Stack C, Jainuddin S, Elipenahli C, Gerges M, Starkova N, Starkov AA, Jové M, Portero-Otin M, Launay N, Pujol A, Kaidery NA, Thomas B, Tampellini D, Beal MF, Dumont M. Methylene blue upregulates Nrf2/ARE genes and prevents tau-related neurotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3716-32. [PMID: 24556215 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB, methylthioninium chloride) is a phenothiazine that crosses the blood brain barrier and acts as a redox cycler. Among its beneficial properties are its abilities to act as an antioxidant, to reduce tau protein aggregation and to improve energy metabolism. These actions are of particular interest for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with tau protein aggregates known as tauopathies. The present study examined the effects of MB in the P301S mouse model of tauopathy. Both 4 mg/kg MB (low dose) and 40 mg/kg MB (high dose) were administered in the diet ad libitum from 1 to 10 months of age. We assessed behavior, tau pathology, oxidative damage, inflammation and numbers of mitochondria. MB improved the behavioral abnormalities and reduced tau pathology, inflammation and oxidative damage in the P301S mice. These beneficial effects were associated with increased expression of genes regulated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), which play an important role in antioxidant defenses, preventing protein aggregation, and reducing inflammation. The activation of Nrf2/ARE genes is neuroprotective in other transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases and it appears to be an important mediator of the neuroprotective effects of MB in P301S mice. Moreover, we used Nrf2 knock out fibroblasts to show that the upregulation of Nrf2/ARE genes by MB is Nrf2 dependent and not due to secondary effects of the compound. These findings provide further evidence that MB has important neuroprotective effects that may be beneficial in the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases with tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliona Stack
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shari Jainuddin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ceyhan Elipenahli
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Meri Gerges
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Natalia Starkova
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Spain
| | | | - Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory-IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, CIBERER, Spanish Network for Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory-IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, CIBERER, Spanish Network for Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Spain, ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Spain
| | - Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Davide Tampellini
- Hospital Kremlin Bicêtre, UMR 788, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France and
| | - M Flint Beal
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Magali Dumont
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA, IHU-A-ICM, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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Abstract
The scope of the current paper is to review existing and potential applications of proteomic analysis to aging research. The focus will lie on the unique opportunities of high-throughput studies for uncovering specific alterations in protein expression, protein complexes or protein modifications caused by biological aging. The result of such studies will outline aging phenotypes and potentially indicate pathways involved in the pathogenesis of age-associated disfunctions. Specific attention is paid to the illustrations of successful applications of proteomic technologies and potential applications of new proteomic concepts to biogerontological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Sharov
- University of Kansas, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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Gebriel M, Prabhudesai S, Uleberg KE, Larssen E, Piston D, Bjørnstad AH, Møller SG. Zebrafish brain proteomics reveals central proteins involved in neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:104-15. [PMID: 24123299 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the complex biology of the brain requires analyzing its structural and functional complexity at the protein level. The large-scale analysis of the brain proteome, coupled with characterization of central brain proteins, provides insight into fundamental brain processes and processes linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Here we provide a map of the zebrafish brain proteome by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), followed by the identification of 95 brain proteins using mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). Our data show extensive phosphorylation of brain proteins but less prominent glycosylation. Furthermore, ~51% of the identified proteins are predicted to have one or more ubiquitination sites whereas ~90% are predicted to have one or more SUMOylation sites. Our findings provide a valuable proteome map of the zebrafish brain and associated posttranslational modifications demonstrating that zebrafish proteomic approaches can aid in our understanding of proteins central to important neuronal processes and those associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Gebriel
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Kokjohn TA, Maarouf CL, Daugs ID, Hunter JM, Whiteside CM, Malek-Ahmadi M, Rodriguez E, Kalback W, Jacobson SA, Sabbagh MN, Beach TG, Roher AE. Neurochemical profile of dementia pugilistica. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:981-97. [PMID: 23268705 PMCID: PMC3684215 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia pugilistica (DP), a suite of neuropathological and cognitive function declines after chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI), is present in approximately 20% of retired boxers. Epidemiological studies indicate TBI is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Some biochemical alterations observed in AD and PD may be recapitulated in DP and other TBI persons. In this report, we investigate long-term biochemical changes in the brains of former boxers with neuropathologically confirmed DP. Our experiments revealed biochemical and cellular alterations in DP that are complementary to and extend information already provided by histological methods. ELISA and one-dimensional and two dimensional Western blot techniques revealed differential expression of select molecules between three patients with DP and three age-matched non-demented control (NDC) persons without a history of TBI. Structural changes such as disturbances in the expression and processing of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tau, and α-synuclein were evident. The levels of the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin were reduced in the patients with DP. Amyloid-β levels were elevated in the DP participant with the concomitant diagnosis of AD. In addition, the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the axonal transport proteins kinesin and dynein were substantially decreased in DP relative to NDC participants. Traumatic brain injury is a risk factor for dementia development, and our findings are consistent with permanent structural and functional damage in the cerebral cortex and white matter of boxers. Understanding the precise threshold of damage needed for the induction of pathology in DP and TBI is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Kokjohn
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
- Department of Microbiology, Midwestern University School of Medicine, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Chera L. Maarouf
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Ian D. Daugs
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Jesse M. Hunter
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Charisse M. Whiteside
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Michael Malek-Ahmadi
- Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Emma Rodriguez
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
- National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Walter Kalback
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Sandra A. Jacobson
- Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Marwan N. Sabbagh
- Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Alex E. Roher
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
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Impairment of proteostasis network in Down syndrome prior to the development of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology: redox proteomics analysis of human brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1249-59. [PMID: 23603808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DS is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability characterized by the anomalous presence of three copies of chromosome 21. One of the peculiar features of DS is the onset of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology after the age of 40years characterized by deposition of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Growing studies demonstrated that increased oxidative damage, accumulation of unfolded/damaged protein aggregates and dysfunction of intracellular degradative system are key players in neurodegenerative processes. In this study, redox proteomics approach was used to analyze the frontal cortex from DS subjects under the age of 40 compared with age-matched controls, and proteins found to be increasingly carbonylated were identified. Interestingly, our results showed that oxidative damage targets specifically different components of the intracellular quality control system such as GRP78, UCH-L1, V0-ATPase, cathepsin D and GFAP that couples with decreased activity of the proteasome and autophagosome formation observed. We also reported a slight but consistent increase of Aβ 1-42 SDS- and PBS-soluble form and tau phosphorylation in DS versus CTR. We suggest that disturbance in the proteostasis network could contribute to the accumulation of protein aggregates, such as amyloid deposits and NFTs, which occur very early in DS. It is likely that a sub-optimal functioning of degradative systems occur in DS neurons, which in turn provide the basis for further accumulation of toxic protein aggregates. The results of this study suggest that oxidation of protein members of the proteostatis network is an early event in DS and might contribute to neurodegenerative phenomena.
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47
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Elliott JL, Der Perng M, Prescott AR, Jansen KA, Koenderink GH, Quinlan RA. The specificity of the interaction between αB-crystallin and desmin filaments and its impact on filament aggregation and cell viability. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120375. [PMID: 23530264 PMCID: PMC3638400 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CRYAB (αB-crystallin) is expressed in many tissues and yet the R120G mutation in CRYAB causes tissue-specific pathologies, namely cardiomyopathy and cataract. Here, we present evidence to demonstrate that there is a specific functional interaction of CRYAB with desmin intermediate filaments that predisposes myocytes to disease caused by the R120G mutation. We use a variety of biochemical and biophysical techniques to show that plant, animal and ascidian small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) can interact with intermediate filaments. Nevertheless, the mutation R120G in CRYAB does specifically change that interaction when compared with equivalent substitutions in HSP27 (R140G) and into the Caenorhabditis elegans HSP16.2 (R95G). By transient transfection, we show that R120G CRYAB specifically promotes intermediate filament aggregation in MCF7 cells. The transient transfection of R120G CRYAB alone has no significant effect upon cell viability, although bundling of the endogenous intermediate filament network occurs and the mitochondria are concentrated into the perinuclear region. The combination of R120G CRYAB co-transfected with wild-type desmin, however, causes a significant reduction in cell viability. Therefore, we suggest that while there is an innate ability of sHSPs to interact with and to bind to intermediate filaments, it is the specific combination of desmin and CRYAB that compromises cell viability and this is potentially the key to the muscle pathology caused by the R120G CRYAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne L Elliott
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Jin P, Kim JA, Choi DY, Lee YJ, Jung HS, Hong JT. Anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of a small molecule, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal in Tg2576 Alzheimer's disease mice model. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:2. [PMID: 23289709 PMCID: PMC3547726 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils within the brain and activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. In this study, we examined anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242), an anti-inflammatory compound produced by the tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction. METHODS 12-month-old Tg2576 mice were treated with HPB242 (5 mg/kg) for 1 month and then cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. In addition, western blot analysis, Gel electromobility shift assay, immunostaining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA and enzyme activity assays were used to examine the degree of Aβ deposition in the brains of Tg2576 mice. The Morris water maze task was analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Otherwise were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test. RESULTS Treatment of HPB242 (5 mg/kg for 1 month) significantly attenuated cognitive impairments in Tg2576 transgenic mice. HPB242 also prevented amyloidogenesis in Tg2576 transgenic mice brains. This can be evidenced by Aβ accumulation, BACE1, APP and C99 expression and β-secretase activity. In addition, HPB242 suppresses the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) in the brain was potently inhibited by HPB242. CONCLUSIONS Thus, these results suggest that HPB242 might be useful to intervene in development or progression of neurodegeneration in AD through its anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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49
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Alzheimer's disease related markers, cellular toxicity and behavioral deficits induced six weeks after oligomeric amyloid-β peptide injection in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53117. [PMID: 23301030 PMCID: PMC3534645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology associated with aging characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that finally result in synaptic and neuronal loss. The major component of senile plaques is an amyloid-β protein (Aβ). Recently, we characterized the effects of a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Aβ fragment (25–35) oligomers (oAβ25–35) for up to 3 weeks in rats and established a clear parallel with numerous relevant signs of AD. To clarify the long-term effects of oAβ25–35 and its potential role in the pathogenesis of AD, we determined its physiological, behavioral, biochemical and morphological impacts 6 weeks after injection in rats. oAβ25–35 was still present in the brain after 6 weeks. oAβ25–35 injection did not affect general activity and temperature rhythms after 6 weeks, but decreased body weight, induced short- and long-term memory impairments, increased corticosterone plasma levels, brain oxidative (lipid peroxidation), mitochondrial (caspase-9 levels) and reticulum stress (caspase-12 levels), astroglial and microglial activation. It provoked cholinergic neuron loss and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. It induced cell loss in the hippocampic CA subdivisions and decreased hippocampic neurogenesis. Moreover, oAβ25–35 injection resulted in increased APP expression, Aβ1–42 generation, and increased Tau phosphorylation. In conclusion, this in vivo study evidenced that the soluble oligomeric forms of short fragments of Aβ, endogenously identified in AD patient brains, not only provoked long-lasting pathological alterations comparable to the human disease, but may also directly contribute to the progressive increase in amyloid load and Tau pathology, involved in the AD physiopathology.
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Castaño EM, Maarouf CL, Wu T, Leal MC, Whiteside CM, Lue LF, Kokjohn TA, Sabbagh MN, Beach TG, Roher AE. Alzheimer disease periventricular white matter lesions exhibit specific proteomic profile alterations. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:145-56. [PMID: 23231993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The white matter (WM) represents approximately half the cerebrum volume and is profoundly affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, both the WM responses to AD as well as potential influences of this compartment to dementia pathogenesis remain comparatively neglected. Neuroimaging studies have revealed WM alterations are commonly associated with AD and renewed interest in examining the pathologic basis and importance of these changes. In AD subjects, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy revealed changes in astrocyte morphology and myelin loss as well as up to 30% axonal loss in areas of WM rarefaction when measured against non-demented control (NDC) tissue. Comparative proteomic analyses were performed on pooled samples of periventricular WM (PVWM) obtained from AD (n=4) and NDC (n=5) subjects with both groups having a mean age of death of 86 years. All subjects had an apolipoprotein E ε3/3 genotype with the exception of one NDC subject who was ε2/3. Urea-detergent homogenates were analyzed using two different separation techniques: 2-dimensional isoelectric focusing/reverse-phase chromatography and 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Proteins with different expression levels between the 2 diagnostic groups were identified using MALDI-Tof/Tof mass spectrometry. In addition, Western blots were used to quantify proteins of interest in individual AD and NDC cases. Our proteomic studies revealed that when WM protein pools were loaded at equal amounts of total protein for comparative analyses, there were quantitative differences between the 2 groups. Molecules related to cytoskeleton maintenance, calcium metabolism and cellular survival such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, tropomyosin, collapsin response mediator protein-2, calmodulin, S100-P, annexin A1, α-internexin, α- and β-synuclein, α-B-crystalline, fascin-1, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase and thymosine were altered between AD and NDC pools. Our experiments suggest that WM activities become globally impaired during the course of AD with significant morphological, biochemical and functional consequential implications for gray matter function and cognitive deficits. These observations may endorse the hypothesis that WM dysfunction is not only a consequence of AD pathology, but that it may precipitate and/or potentiate AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Castaño
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
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