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Legault-Denis C, Aumont É, Onuska KM, Schmitz TW, Bussy A, Chakravarty M, Soucy JP, Bédard MA. Parkinson's disease CA2-CA3 hippocampal atrophy is accompanied by increased cholinergic innervation in patients with normal cognition but not in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:783-793. [PMID: 38478257 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
Although brain cholinergic denervation has been largely associated with cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), new evidence suggests that cholinergic upregulation occurs in the hippocampus of PD patients without cognitive deficits. The specific hippocampal sectors and potential mechanisms of this cholinergic compensatory process have been further studied here, using MRI volumetry and morphometry coupled with molecular imaging using the PET radiotracer [18F]-Fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([18F]-FEOBV). Following a thorough screening procedure, 18 participants were selected and evenly distributed in three groups, including cognitively normal PD patients (PD-CN), PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and healthy volunteers (HV). Participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment, structural MRI, and PET imaging with [18F]-FEOBV. Basal forebrain Ch1-Ch2 volumes were measured using stereotaxic mapping. Hippocampal subfields were automatically defined using the MAGeT-Brain segmentation algorithm. Cholinergic innervation density was quantified using [18F]-FEOBV uptake. Compared with HV, both PD-CN and PD-MCI displayed significantly reduced volumes in CA2-CA3 bilaterally. We found no other hippocampal subfield nor Ch1-Ch2 volume differences between the three groups. PET imaging revealed higher [18F]-FEOBV uptake in CA2-CA3 of the PD-CN compared with HV or PD-MCI. A positive correlation was observed between cognitive performances and [18F]-FEOBV uptake in the right CA2-CA3 subfield. Reduced volume, together with increased [18F]-FEOBV uptake, were observed specifically in the CA2-CA3 hippocampal subfields. However, while the volume change was observed in both PD-CN and PD-MCI, increased [18F]-FEOBV uptake was present only in the PD-CN group. This suggests that a cholinergic compensatory process takes place in the atrophied CA2-CA3 hippocampal subfields and might underlie normal cognition in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Legault-Denis
- NeuroQAM Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Aumont
- NeuroQAM Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kate M Onuska
- Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aurélie Bussy
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory (CoBrA Lab), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory (CoBrA Lab), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-André Bédard
- NeuroQAM Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Cristini J, Parwanta Z, De las Heras B, Medina-Rincon A, Paquette C, Doyon J, Dagher A, Steib S, Roig M. Motor Memory Consolidation Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:865-892. [PMID: 37458048 PMCID: PMC10578244 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to encode and consolidate motor memories is essential for persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), who usually experience a progressive loss of motor function. Deficits in memory encoding, usually expressed as poorer rates of skill improvement during motor practice, have been reported in these patients. Whether motor memory consolidation (i.e., motor skill retention) is also impaired is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether motor memory consolidation is impaired in PD compared to neurologically intact individuals. METHODS We conducted a pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020222433) following PRISMA guidelines that included 46 studies. RESULTS Meta-analyses revealed that persons with PD have deficits in retaining motor skills (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.32, -0.02; p = 0.0225). However, these deficits are task-specific, affecting sensory motor (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI -0.47, -0.15; p = 0.0002) and visuomotor adaptation (SMD = -1.55; 95% CI = -2.32, -0.79; p = 0.0001) tasks, but not sequential fine motor (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI = -0.05, 0.39; p = 0.1292) and gross motor tasks (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI = -0.25, 0.33; p = 0.7771). Importantly, deficits became non-significant when augmented feedback during practice was provided, and additional motor practice sessions reduced deficits in sensory motor tasks. Meta-regression analyses confirmed that deficits were independent of performance during encoding, as well as disease duration and severity. CONCLUSION Our results align with the neurodegenerative models of PD progression and motor learning frameworks and emphasize the importance of developing targeted interventions to enhance motor memory consolidation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Cristini
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, QC, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zohra Parwanta
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, QC, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernat De las Heras
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, QC, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Almudena Medina-Rincon
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, QC, Canada
- Grupo de investigación iPhysio, San Jorge University, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, San Jorge University, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Caroline Paquette
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC,Canada
- Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Steib
- Department of Human Movement, Training and Active Aging, Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Roig
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, QC, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Aslan DH, Hernandez ME, Frechette ML, Gephart AT, Soloveychik IM, Sosnoff JJ. The neural underpinnings of motor learning in people with neurodegenerative diseases: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:882-898. [PMID: 34624367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic progressive neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) cause mobility and cognitive impairments that disrupt quality of life. The learning of new motor skills, motor learning, is a critical component of rehabilitation efforts to counteract these chronic progressive impairments. In people with NDD, there are impairments in motor learning which appear to scale with the severity of impairment. Compensatory cortical activity plays a role in counteracting motor learning impairments in NDD. Yet, the functional and structural brain alterations associated with motor learning have not been synthesized in people with NDD. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the neural alterations of motor learning in NDD. Thirty-five peer-reviewed original articles met the inclusion criteria. Participant demographics, motor learning results, and brain imaging results were extracted. Distinct motor learning associated compensatory processes were identified across NDD populations. Evidence from this review suggests the success of motor learning in NDD populations depends on the neural alterations and their interaction with motor learning networks, as well as the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Aslan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, United States.
| | | | - Mikaela L Frechette
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, United States
| | - Aaron T Gephart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, United States
| | - Isaac M Soloveychik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, United States
| | - Jacob J Sosnoff
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, United States
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4
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Reifegerste J, Estabrooke IV, Russell LE, Veríssimo J, Johari K, Wilmarth B, Pagan FL, Moussa C, Ullman MT. Can sex influence the neurocognition of language? Evidence from Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2020; 148:107633. [PMID: 32971096 PMCID: PMC8613481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), which involves basal ganglia degeneration, affects language as well as motor function. However, which aspects of language are impaired in PD and under what circumstances remains unclear. We examined whether lexical and grammatical aspects of language are differentially affected in PD, and whether this dissociation is moderated by sex as well as the degree of basal ganglia degeneration. Our predictions were based on the declarative/procedural model of language. The model posits that grammatical composition, including in regular inflection, depends importantly on left basal ganglia procedural memory circuits, whereas irregular and other lexicalized forms are memorized in declarative memory. Since females tend to show declarative memory advantages as compared to males, the model further posits that females should tend to rely on this system for regulars, which can be stored as lexicalized chunks. We tested non-demented male and female PD patients and healthy control participants on the intensively studied paradigm of English regular and irregular past-tense production. Mixed-effects regression revealed PD deficits only at regular inflection, only in male patients. The degree of left basal ganglia degeneration, as reflected by right-side hypokinesia, predicted only regular inflection, and only in male patients. Left-side hypokinesia did not show this pattern. Past-tense frequency effects suggested that the female patients retrieved regular as well as irregular past-tense forms from declarative memory, whereas the males retrieved only irregulars. Sensitivity analyses showed that the pattern of findings was robust. The results, which are consistent with the declarative/procedural model, suggest a grammatical deficit in PD due to left basal ganglia degeneration, with a relative sparing of lexical retrieval. Female patients appear to compensate for this deficit by relying on chunks stored in declarative memory. More generally, the study elucidates the neurocognition of inflectional morphology and provides evidence that sex can influence how language is computed in the mind and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Reifegerste
- Department of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Potsdam Research Institute for Multilingualism, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Ivy V Estabrooke
- Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Center for Science and Technology Policy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lauren E Russell
- Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - João Veríssimo
- Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karim Johari
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Barbara Wilmarth
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fernando L Pagan
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael T Ullman
- Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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5
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Sasikumar S, Strafella AP. Imaging Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32082250 PMCID: PMC7005138 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a significant non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease, with the risk of dementia increasing with prolonged disease duration. Multiple cognitive domains are affected, and the pathophysiology cannot be explained by dopaminergic loss alone. Sophisticated neuroimaging techniques can detect the nature and extent of extra-nigral involvement by targeting neurotransmitters, abnormal protein aggregates and tissue metabolism. This review identifies the functional and anatomical imaging characteristics that predict cognitive impairment in PD, the limitations that challenge this process, and the avenues of potential research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E. J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Kaut O, Mielacher C, Hurlemann R, Wüllner U. Resting-state fMRI reveals increased functional connectivity in the cerebellum but decreased functional connectivity of the caudate nucleus in Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Res 2020; 42:62-67. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1709141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kaut
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clemens Mielacher
- Division of Medical Psychology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- Division of Medical Psychology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Clinical Studies, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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7
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Bagarinao E, Watanabe H, Maesawa S, Mori D, Hara K, Kawabata K, Yoneyama N, Ohdake R, Imai K, Masuda M, Yokoi T, Ogura A, Taoka T, Koyama S, Tanabe HC, Katsuno M, Wakabayashi T, Kuzuya M, Ozaki N, Hoshiyama M, Isoda H, Naganawa S, Sobue G. Reorganization of brain networks and its association with general cognitive performance over the adult lifespan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11352. [PMID: 31388057 PMCID: PMC6684569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain even in individuals who are free of neurodegenerative diseases. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a carefully selected cohort of participants, we examined cross sectional changes in the functional organization of several large-scale brain networks over the adult lifespan and its potential association with general cognitive performance. Converging results from multiple analyses at the voxel, node, and network levels showed widespread reorganization of functional brain networks with increasing age. Specifically, the primary processing (visual and sensorimotor) and visuospatial (dorsal attention) networks showed diminished network integrity, while the so-called core neurocognitive (executive control, salience, and default mode) and basal ganglia networks exhibited relatively preserved between-network connections. The visuospatial and precuneus networks also showed significantly more widespread increased connectivity with other networks. Graph analysis suggested that this reorganization progressed towards a more integrated network topology. General cognitive performance, assessed by Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised total score, was positively correlated with between-network connectivity among the core neurocognitive and basal ganglia networks and the integrity of the primary processing and visuospatial networks. Mediation analyses further indicated that the observed association between aging and relative decline in cognitive performance could be mediated by changes in relevant functional connectivity measures. Overall, these findings provided further evidence supporting widespread age-related brain network reorganization and its potential association with general cognitive performance during healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Maesawa
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hara
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kawabata
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yoneyama
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Reiko Ohdake
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imai
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michihito Masuda
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yokoi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aya Ogura
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taoka
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuji Koyama
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki C Tanabe
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minoru Hoshiyama
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruo Isoda
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Naganawa
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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Optogenetic Stimulation of the M2 Cortex Reverts Motor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3234-3248. [PMID: 30782975 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2277-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation of deep brain structures (deep brain stimulation) is the current surgical procedure for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Less studied is the stimulation of cortical motor areas to treat PD symptoms, although also known to alleviate motor disturbances in PD. We were able to show that optogenetic activation of secondary (M2) motor cortex improves motor functions in dopamine-depleted male mice. The stimulated M2 cortex harbors glutamatergic pyramidal neurons that project to subcortical structures, critically involved in motor control, and makes synaptic contacts with dopaminergic neurons. Strikingly, optogenetic activation of M2 neurons or axons into the dorsomedial striatum increases striatal levels of dopamine and evokes locomotor activity. We found that dopamine neurotransmission sensitizes the locomotor behavior elicited by activation of M2 neurons. Furthermore, combination of intranigral infusion of glutamatergic antagonists and circuit specific optogenetic stimulation revealed that behavioral response depended on the activity of M2 neurons projecting to SNc. Interestingly, repeated M2 stimulation combined with l-DOPA treatment produced an unanticipated improvement in working memory performance, which was absent in control mice under l-DOPA treatment only. Therefore, the M2-basal ganglia circuit is critical for the assembly of the motor and cognitive function, and this study demonstrates a therapeutic mechanism for cortical stimulation in PD that involves recruitment of long-range glutamatergic projection neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Some patients with Parkinson's disease are offered treatment through surgery, which consists of delivering electrical current to regions deep within the brain. This study shows that stimulation of an area located on the brain surface, known as the secondary motor cortex, can also reverse movement disorders in mice. Authors have used a brain stimulation technique called optogenetics, which allowed targeting a specific type of surface neuron that communicates with the deep part of the brain involved in movement control. The study also shows that a combination of this stimulation with drug treatment might be useful to treat memory impairment, a kind of cognitive problem in Parkinson's disease.
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Carrera I, Cacabelos R. Current Drugs and Potential Future Neuroprotective Compounds for Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:295-306. [PMID: 30479218 PMCID: PMC6425078 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666181127125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The research progress of understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has yet lead to the development of some clinical approaches intended to treat cognitive and behavioral symptoms, such as memory and perception disorders. Despite the major advances in different genetic causes and risk factors for PD, which share common pathways to cell dysfunction and death, there is not yet a complete model of PD that can be used to accurately predict the effect of drugs on disease progression. Clinical trials are also important to test any novel neuro-protective agent, and recently there have been great advances in the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and plant flavonoid antioxidants to protect against specific neuronal degeneration and its interference with lipid and cholesterol metabolism. The increasing knowledge of the molecular events underlying the degenerative process of PD has stimulated research to identify natural compounds capable of halting or slowing the progress of neural deterioration. Polyphenols and flavonoids, which play a neuroprotective role in a wide array of in vitro and in vivo models of neurological disorders, emerged from among the multi-target bio-agents found mainly in plants and microorganisms. This review presents a detailed overview of the multimodal activities of neuroprotective bio-agents tested so far, emphasizing their neurorescue/neuroregenerative activity. The brain-penetrating property of bioagents may make these compounds an important class of natural drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there are numerous studies demonstrating beneficial effects in the laboratory by identifying critical molecular targets, the clinical efficacy of these neuroprotective treatments remains to be proven accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Carrera
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Health Biotechnology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain; Tel: +34 981780505; E-mail:
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10
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Abstract
Even before the success of combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT), the neuroimaging community was conceiving the idea to integrate the positron emission tomography (PET), with very high molecular quantitative data but low spatial resolution, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with high spatial resolution. Several technical limitations have delayed the use of a hybrid scanner in neuroimaging studies, including the full integration of the PET detector ring within the MRI system, the optimization of data acquisition, and the implementation of reliable methods for PET attenuation, motion correction, and joint image reconstruction. To be valid and useful in clinical and research settings, this instrument should be able to simultaneously acquire PET and MRI, and generate quantitative parametric PET images comparable to PET-CT. While post hoc co-registration of combined PET and MRI data acquired separately became the most reliable technique for the generation of "fused" PET-MRI images, only hybrid PET-MRI approach allows merging these measurements naturally and correlating them in a temporal manner. Furthermore, hybrid PET-MRI represents the most accurate tool to investigate in vivo the interplay between molecular and functional aspects of brain pathophysiology. Hybrid PET-MRI technology is still in the early stages in the movement disorders field, due to the limited availability of scanners with integrated optimized methodological models. This technology is ideally suited to investigate interactions between resting-state functional/arterial spin labeling MRI and [18F]FDG PET glucose metabolism in the evaluation of the brain "hubs" particularly vulnerable to neurodegeneration, areas with a high degree of connectivity and associated with an efficient synaptic neurotransmission. In Parkinson's disease, hybrid PET-MRI is also the ideal instrument to deeper explore the relationship between resting-state functional MRI and dopamine release at [11C]raclopride PET challenge, in the identification of early drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients at higher risk of motor complications and in the evaluation of the efficacy of novel neuroprotective treatment able to restore at the same time the altered resting state and the release of dopamine. In this chapter, we discuss the key methodological aspects of hybrid PET-MRI; the evidence in movement disorders of the key resting-state functional and perfusion MRI; [18F]FDG PET and [11C]raclopride PET challenge studies; the potential advantages of using hybrid PET-MRI to investigate the pathophysiology of movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Future directions of hybrid PET-MRI will be discussed alongside with up-to-date technological innovations on hybrid systems.
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11
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Filippi M, Elisabetta S, Piramide N, Agosta F. Functional MRI in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:439-467. [PMID: 30314606 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) has been widely used to study abnormal patterns of brain connectivity at rest and activation during a variety of tasks in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). fMRI studies in PD have led to a better understanding of many aspects of the disease including both motor and non-motor symptoms. Although its translation into clinical practice is still at an early stage, fMRI measures hold promise for multiple clinical applications in PD, including the early detection, predicting future change in clinical status, and as a marker of alterations in brain physiology related to neurotherapeutic agents and neurorehabilitative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sarasso Elisabetta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Piramide
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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12
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Wang Z, Jia X, Chen H, Feng T, Wang H. Abnormal Spontaneous Brain Activity in Early Parkinson's Disease With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1093. [PMID: 30154730 PMCID: PMC6102476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common symptom at the baseline of early Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis, but the neural mechanism is unclear. To address the issue, the present study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 19 drug-naïve PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC), 10 PD patients with MCI (PD-MCI) and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) from the Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) (http://www.ppmi-info.org/), and examined abnormal spontaneous brain activities in the PD-MCI. The pattern of spontaneous brain activity was measured by examining the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of blood oxygen level dependent signal. Voxel-wise one-way analysis of covariance and post hoc analyses of ALFF were performed under non-parametric permutation tests in a general linear model among the three groups, with age, gender and data center as additional covariates. Statistical significances in the post hoc analysis were corrected by a small volume correction with a cluster-level threshold of p < 0.05 (n = 10000 permutations, FWE-corrected). Correlations of clinical and neuropsychological assessments [i.e., Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and cognitive domains] with the regional ALFF were performed in the PD-MCI group. Compared with the HC, both PD groups exhibited reduced ALFF in the occipital area (Calcarine_R/Cuneus_R). Specially, the PD-MCI group additionally exhibited increased ALFF in the opercular part of right inferior frontal gyrus (Frontal_Inf_Oper_R). Comparing with the PD-NC, the PD-MCI group exhibited significantly higher ALFF in the Frontal_Inf_Oper_R and left fusiform gyus (ps < 0.05). The correlation analysis revealed that the ALFF in the Frontal_Inf_Oper_R was positively correlated with the UPDRS total score (p < 0.05), but marginally negatively correlated with the MoCA score. For cognitive domains, the ALFF in the region also showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of SF test (p < 0.01) and a marginally negative correlation with the score of Symbol-Digit Modalities Test. Together, we concluded hyperactivity in the right inferior frontal gyrus in early PD with MCI, suggesting a compensatory recruitment in response to cognitive decline, which may shed light on thought of dementia progression and potentially comprehensive treatment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Jia
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
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Motor cognition in patients treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: Limits of compensatory overactivity in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:491-499. [PMID: 30003903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent fMRI findings revealed that impairment in a serial prediction task in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) results from hypoactivity of the SMA. Furthermore, hyperactivity of the lateral premotor cortex sustained performance after withdrawal of medication. To further explore these findings, we here examined the impact of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on the activity of the putamen and premotor areas while performing the serial prediction task. To this end, we measured eight male PD patients ON and OFF deep brain stimulation and eight healthy age-matched male controls using [15O] water positron emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow. As expected, PD patients showed poorer performance than healthy controls while performance did not differ between OFF and ON stimulation. Hypoactivity of the putamen and hyperactivity of the left lateral premotor cortex was found in patients compared to controls. Lateral premotor hyperactivity further increased OFF compared to ON stimulation and was positively related to task performance. These results confirm that the motor loop's dysfunction has impact on cognitive processes (here: prediction of serial stimuli) in PD. Extending prior data regarding the role of the lateral premotor cortex in cognitive compensation, our results indicate that lateral premotor cortex hyperactivity, while beneficial in moderate levels of impairment, might fail to preserve performance in more severe stages of the motor loop's degeneration.
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Francardo V, Schmitz Y, Sulzer D, Cenci MA. Neuroprotection and neurorestoration as experimental therapeutics for Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:137-147. [PMID: 28988910 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disease-modifying treatments remain an unmet medical need in Parkinson's disease (PD). Such treatments can be operationally defined as interventions that slow down the clinical evolution to advanced disease milestones. A treatment may achieve this outcome by either inhibiting primary neurodegenerative events ("neuroprotection") or boosting compensatory and regenerative mechanisms in the brain ("neurorestoration"). Here we review experimental paradigms that are currently used to assess the neuroprotective and neurorestorative potential of candidate treatments in animal models of PD. We review some key molecular mediators of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway that are likely to exert beneficial effects on multiple neural systems affected in PD. We further review past and current strategies to therapeutically stimulate these mediators, and discuss the preclinical evidence that exercise training can have neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects. A future translational task will be to combine behavioral and pharmacological interventions to exploit endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotection and neurorestoration for therapeutic purposes. This type of approach is likely to provide benefit to many PD patients, despite the clinical, etiological, and genetic heterogeneity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Yvonne Schmitz
- Departments Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center: Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center: Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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15
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Herrojo Ruiz M, Maess B, Altenmüller E, Curio G, Nikulin VV. Cingulate and cerebellar beta oscillations are engaged in the acquisition of auditory-motor sequences. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5161-5179. [PMID: 28703919 PMCID: PMC6866917 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Singing, music performance, and speech rely on the retrieval of complex sounds, which are generated by the corresponding actions and are organized into sequences. It is crucial in these forms of behavior that the serial organization (i.e., order) of both the actions and associated sounds be monitored and learned. To investigate the neural processes involved in the monitoring of serial order during the initial learning of sensorimotor sequences, we performed magnetoencephalographic recordings while participants explicitly learned short piano sequences under the effect of occasional alterations of auditory feedback (AAF). The main result was a prominent and selective modulation of beta (13-30 Hz) oscillations in cingulate and cerebellar regions during the processing of AAF that simulated serial order errors. Furthermore, the AAF-induced modulation of beta oscillations was associated with higher error rates, reflecting compensatory changes in sequence planning. This suggests that cingulate and cerebellar beta oscillations play a role in tracking serial order during initial sensorimotor learning and in updating the mapping of the sensorimotor representations. The findings support the notion that the modulation of beta oscillations is a candidate mechanism for the integration of sequential motor and auditory information during an early stage of skill acquisition in music performance. This has potential implications for singing and speech. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5161-5179, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Herrojo Ruiz
- Neurophysics GroupDepartment of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin12203Germany
- Department of PsychologyWhitehead Building, Goldsmiths, University of LondonLondonSE14 6NWUnited Kingdom
| | - Burkhard Maess
- Research Group “MEG and cortical networks”Max Planck Institute for Human, Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigD‐04103Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' MedicineHanover University of Music, Drama, and MediaHanoverGermany
| | - Gabriel Curio
- Neurophysics GroupDepartment of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin12203Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceBerlin10115Germany
| | - Vadim V. Nikulin
- Neurophysics GroupDepartment of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin12203Germany
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigD‐04103Germany
- Center for Cognition and Decision MakingNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation
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16
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Contribution of language studies to the understanding of cognitive impairment and its progression over time in Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:657-672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Marinelli L, Quartarone A, Hallett M, Frazzitta G, Ghilardi MF. The many facets of motor learning and their relevance for Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1127-1141. [PMID: 28511125 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The final goal of motor learning, a complex process that includes both implicit and explicit (or declarative) components, is the optimization and automatization of motor skills. Motor learning involves different neural networks and neurotransmitters systems depending on the type of task and on the stage of learning. After the first phase of acquisition, a motor skill goes through consolidation (i.e., becoming resistant to interference) and retention, processes in which sleep and long-term potentiation seem to play important roles. The studies of motor learning in Parkinson's disease have yielded controversial results that likely stem from the use of different experimental paradigms. When a task's characteristics, instructions, context, learning phase and type of measures are taken into consideration, it is apparent that, in general, only learning that relies on attentional resources and cognitive strategies is affected by PD, in agreement with the finding of a fronto-striatal deficit in this disease. Levodopa administration does not seem to reverse the learning deficits in PD, while deep brain stimulation of either globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus appears to be beneficial. Finally and most importantly, patients with PD often show a decrease in retention of newly learned skill, a problem that is present even in the early stages of the disease. A thorough dissection and understanding of the processes involved in motor learning is warranted to provide solid bases for effective medical, surgical and rehabilitative approaches in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Italy; The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU-Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuseppe Frazzitta
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Maria Felice Ghilardi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU-Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Lehericy S, Vaillancourt DE, Seppi K, Monchi O, Rektorova I, Antonini A, McKeown MJ, Masellis M, Berg D, Rowe JB, Lewis SJG, Williams-Gray CH, Tessitore A, Siebner HR. The role of high-field magnetic resonance imaging in parkinsonian disorders: Pushing the boundaries forward. Mov Disord 2017; 32:510-525. [PMID: 28370449 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed little to the study of Parkinson's disease (PD), but modern MRI approaches have unveiled several complementary markers that are useful for research and clinical applications. Iron- and neuromelanin-sensitive MRI detect qualitative changes in the substantia nigra. Quantitative MRI markers can be derived from diffusion weighted and iron-sensitive imaging or volumetry. Functional brain alterations at rest or during task performance have been captured with functional and arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI. These markers are useful for the diagnosis of PD and atypical parkinsonism, to track disease progression from the premotor stages of these diseases and to better understand the neurobiological basis of clinical deficits. A current research goal using MRI is to generate time-dependent models of the evolution of PD biomarkers that can help understand neurodegeneration and provide reliable markers for therapeutic trials. This article reviews recent advances in MRI biomarker research at high-field (3T) and ultra high field-imaging (7T) in PD and atypical parkinsonism. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Lehericy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Sorbonne Universités, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Neurology and Centre for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria and Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Irena Rektorova
- First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brain and Mind Research Program, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Hospital San Camillo, Venice and Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Martin J McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Center, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University, and Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessandro Tessitore
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Nagano-Saito A, Al-Azzawi MS, Hanganu A, Degroot C, Mejia-Constain B, Bedetti C, Lafontaine AL, Soland V, Chouinard S, Monchi O. Patterns of Longitudinal Neural Activity Linked to Different Cognitive Profiles in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:275. [PMID: 27932974 PMCID: PMC5120116 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked with functional brain changes. Previously, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we reported reduced cortico-striatal activity in patients with PD who also had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) vs. those who did not (non-MCI). We followed up these patients to investigate the longitudinal effect on the neural activity. Twenty-four non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease (non-MCI: 12, MCI: 12) were included in the study. Each participant underwent two fMRIs while performing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task 20 months apart. The non-MCI patients recruited the usual cognitive corticostriatal loop at the first and second sessions (Time 1 and Time 2, respectively). However, decreased activity was observed in the cerebellum and occipital area and increased activity was observed in the medial prefrontal cortex and parietal lobe during planning set-shift at Time 2. Increased activity in the precuneus was also demonstrated while executing set-shifts at Time 2. The MCI patients revealed more activity in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes during planning set-shifts, and in the parietal and occipital lobes, precuneus, and cerebellum, during executing set-shift at Time 2. Analysis regrouping of both groups of PD patients revealed that hippocampal and thalamic activity at Time 1 was associated with less cognitive decline over time. Our results reveal that functional alteration along the time-points differed between the non-MCI and MCI patients. They also underline the importance of preserving thalamic and hippocampal function with respect to cognitive decline over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed S Al-Azzawi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandru Hanganu
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Clotilde Degroot
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Béatriz Mejia-Constain
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Bedetti
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Soland
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Oury Monchi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Schwarting RKW, Busse S. Behavioral facilitation after hippocampal lesion: A review. Behav Brain Res 2016; 317:401-414. [PMID: 27693851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
When parts of the brain suffer from damage, certain functional deficits or impairments are the expected and typical outcome. A myriad of examples show such negative consequences, which afford the daily tasks of neurologists, neuropsychologists, and also behavioral neuroscientists working with experimental brain lesions. Compared to lesion-induced deficits, examples for functional enhancements or facilitation after brain lesions are rather rare and usually not well studied. Here, the mammalian hippocampus seems to provide an exception, since substantial evidence shows that its damage can have facilitatory behavioral effects under certain conditions. This review will address these effects and their possible mechanisms. It will show that facilitatory effects of hippocampal lesions, although mostly studied in rats, can be found in many mammalian species, that is, they are apparently not species-specific. Furthermore, they can be found with various lesion techniques, from tissue ablation, to neurotoxic damage, and from damage of hippocampal structure itself to damage of fiber systems innervating it. The major emphasis of this review, however, lies on the behavioral effects and their interpretations. Thus, facilitatory effects can be found in several learning paradigms, especially active avoidance, and some forms of Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. These will be discussed in light of pertinent theories of hippocampal function, such as inhibition, spatial cognition, and multiple memory systems theories, which state that facilitatory effects of hippocampal lesions may reflect the loss of interference between hippocampal spatial and striatal procedural cognition. Using the example of the rat sequential reaction time task, it will also be discussed how such lesions can have direct and indirect consequences on certain behavioral readouts. A final note will advocate considering possible functional facilitation also in neurologic patients, especially those with hippocampal damage, since such a strategy might provide new avenues for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K W Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - S Busse
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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21
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Duchesne C, Gheysen F, Bore A, Albouy G, Nadeau A, Robillard M, Bobeuf F, Lafontaine A, Lungu O, Bherer L, Doyon J. Influence of aerobic exercise training on the neural correlates of motor learning in Parkinson's disease individuals. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:559-569. [PMID: 27689020 PMCID: PMC5031470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been shown to provide general health benefits, and to improve motor behaviours in particular, in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the influence of AET on their motor learning capacities, as well as the change in neural substrates mediating this effect remains to be explored. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we employed functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to assess the effect of a 3-month AET program on the neural correlates of implicit motor sequence learning (MSL). METHODS 20 healthy controls (HC) and 19 early PD individuals participated in a supervised, high-intensity, stationary recumbent bike training program (3 times/week for 12 weeks). Exercise prescription started at 20 min (+ 5 min/week up to 40 min) based on participant's maximal aerobic power. Before and after the AET program, participants' brain was scanned while performing an implicit version of the serial reaction time task. RESULTS Brain data revealed pre-post MSL-related increases in functional activity in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum in PD patients, as well as in the striatum in HC individuals. Importantly, the functional brain changes in PD individuals correlated with changes in aerobic fitness: a positive relationship was found with increased activity in the hippocampus and striatum, while a negative relationship was observed with the cerebellar activity. CONCLUSION Our results reveal, for the first time, that exercise training produces functional changes in known motor learning related brain structures that are consistent with improved behavioural performance observed in PD patients. As such, AET can be a valuable non-pharmacological intervention to promote, not only physical fitness in early PD, but also better motor learning capacity useful in day-to-day activities through increased plasticity in motor related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Duchesne
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - F. Gheysen
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A. Bore
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G. Albouy
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A. Nadeau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M.E. Robillard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - F. Bobeuf
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A.L. Lafontaine
- McGill Movement Disorder Clinic, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - O. Lungu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Research in Aging, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - L. Bherer
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J. Doyon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Busse S, Schwarting RKW. Decoupling Actions from Consequences: Dorsal Hippocampal Lesions Facilitate Instrumental Performance, but Impair Behavioral Flexibility in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:118. [PMID: 27375453 PMCID: PMC4896910 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is part of a series of experiments, where we analyze why and how damage of the rat's dorsal hippocampus (dHC) can enhance performance in a sequential reaction time task (SRTT). In this task, sequences of distinct visual stimulus presentations are food-rewarded in a fixed-ratio-13-schedule. Our previous study (Busse and Schwarting, 2016) had shown that rats with lesions of the dHC show substantially shorter session times and post-reinforcement pauses (PRPs) than controls, which allows for more practice when daily training is kept constant. Since sequential behavior is based on instrumental performance, a sequential benefit might be secondary to that. In order to test this hypothesis in the present study, we performed two experiments, where pseudorandom rather than sequential stimulus presentation was used in rats with excitotoxic dorsal hippocampal lesions. Again, we found enhanced performance in the lesion-group in terms of shorter session times and PRPs. During the sessions we found that the lesion-group spent less time with non-instrumental behavior (i.e., grooming, sniffing, and rearing) after prolonged instrumental training. Also, such rats showed moderate evidence for an extinction impairment under devalued food reward conditions and significant deficits in a response-outcome (R-O)-discrimination task in comparison to a control-group. These findings suggest that facilitatory effects on instrumental performance after dorsal hippocampal lesions may be primarily a result of complex behavioral changes, i.e., reductions of behavioral flexibility and/or alterations in motivation, which then result in enhanced instrumental learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Busse
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
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Holtbernd F, Tang CC, Feigin A, Dhawan V, Ghilardi MF, Paulsen JS, Guttman M, Eidelberg D. Longitudinal Changes in the Motor Learning-Related Brain Activation Response in Presymptomatic Huntington's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154742. [PMID: 27192167 PMCID: PMC4871440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive decline, including deficits in motor learning, occurs in the presymptomatic phase of Huntington's disease (HD) and precedes the onset of motor symptoms. Findings from recent neuroimaging studies have linked these deficits to alterations in fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal brain networks. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics of these networks when subjects approach phenoconversion. Here, 10 subjects with presymptomatic HD were scanned with 15O-labeled water at baseline and again 1.5 years later while performing a motor sequence learning task and a kinematically matched control task. Spatial covariance analysis was utilized to characterize patterns of change in learning-related neural activation occurring over time in these individuals. Pattern expression was compared to corresponding values in 10 age-matched healthy control subjects. Spatial covariance analysis revealed significant longitudinal changes in the expression of a specific learning-related activation pattern characterized by increasing activity in the right orbitofrontal cortex, with concurrent reductions in the right medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions, the left insula, left precuneus, and left cerebellum. Changes in the expression of this pattern over time correlated with baseline measurements of disease burden and learning performance. The network changes were accompanied by modest improvement in learning performance that took place concurrently in the gene carriers. The presence of increased network activity in the setting of stable task performance is consistent with a discrete compensatory mechanism. The findings suggest that this effect is most pronounced in the late presymptomatic phase of HD, as subjects approach clinical onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Holtbernd
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Chris C. Tang
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew Feigin
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Vijay Dhawan
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Felice Ghilardi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, City University of New York Medical School, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jane S. Paulsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark Guttman
- Department of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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Markers of cognitive decline in PD: The case for heterogeneity. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 24:8-14. [PMID: 26774536 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent and has a severe negative effect on health related and perceived quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is now established that 20-40% of persons with PD will develop cognitive deficits early in the disease. Moreover, the risk of developing dementia is six times higher in PD patients than in age-matched controls and it is estimated that 80% of patients will develop dementia after 20 years of the disease. In order to address these symptoms properly it is crucial to identify very early in the disease the patients who are most likely to develop dementia rapidly. Persons who meet criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit measurable cognitive deficits but those deficits are not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life. While the presence of MCI in PD increases the chance of developing dementia, various studies suggest that PD-MCI might consist of distinct subtypes with different pathophysiologies and prognoses. In this paper we comment on various biomarkers associated with cognitive decline in PD, specifically clinical, neuropathological, genetic and neuroimaging ones. We also discuss disrupted functional connectivity in PD-MCI and reveal preliminary results from our own group. We propose that the current studies looking at different types of biomarkers provide support for different causes being associated with cognitive decline in PD. Large-scale multi-disciplinary and multi-modal longitudinal studies are required to identify more specifically the different phenotypes associated with different cognitive profiles and evolution in PD.
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25
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Sequential movement skill in Parkinson's disease: A state-of-the-art. Cortex 2015; 65:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ullman MT, Pullman MY. A compensatory role for declarative memory in neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 51:205-22. [PMID: 25597655 PMCID: PMC4359651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most research on neurodevelopmental disorders has focused on their abnormalities. However, what remains intact may also be important. Increasing evidence suggests that declarative memory, a critical learning and memory system in the brain, remains largely functional in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. Because declarative memory remains functional in these disorders, and because it can learn and retain numerous types of information, functions, and tasks, this system should be able to play compensatory roles for multiple types of impairments across the disorders. Here, we examine this hypothesis for specific language impairment, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We lay out specific predictions for the hypothesis and review existing behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging evidence. Overall, the evidence suggests that declarative memory indeed plays compensatory roles for a range of impairments across all five disorders. Finally, we discuss diagnostic, therapeutic and other implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Ullman
- Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Box 571464, Washington, DC 20057-1464, United States.
| | - Mariel Y Pullman
- Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Box 571464, Washington, DC 20057-1464, United States
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Putcha D, Ross RS, Cronin-Golomb A, Janes AC, Stern CE. Altered intrinsic functional coupling between core neurocognitive networks in Parkinson's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:449-55. [PMID: 25685711 PMCID: PMC4320252 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely attributed to disruptions in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. These neurodegenerative changes may also have a more global effect on intrinsic brain organization at the cortical level. Functional brain connectivity between neurocognitive systems related to cognitive processing is critical for effective neural communication, and is disrupted across neurological disorders. Three core neurocognitive networks have been established as playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders: the default-mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN). In healthy adults, DMN–CEN interactions are anti-correlated while SN–CEN interactions are strongly positively correlated even at rest, when individuals are not engaging in any task. These intrinsic between-network interactions at rest are necessary for efficient suppression of the DMN and activation of the CEN during a range of cognitive tasks. To identify whether these network interactions are disrupted in individuals with PD, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to compare between-network connectivity between 24 PD participants and 20 age-matched controls (MC). In comparison to the MC, individuals with PD showed significantly less SN–CEN coupling and greater DMN–CEN coupling during rest. Disease severity, an index of striatal dysfunction, was related to reduced functional coupling between the striatum and SN. These results demonstrate that individuals with PD have a dysfunctional pattern of interaction between core neurocognitive networks compared to what is found in healthy individuals, and that interaction between the SN and the striatum is even more profoundly disrupted in those with greater disease severity. Functional coupling is altered between the default-mode network and the salience and central executive networks in PD. Functional coupling between the striatum and the salience network diminishes as disease severity increases in PD. These disruptions to intrinsic functional coupling provide a framework for PD disease progression at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Putcha
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy C Janes
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Trujillo JP, Gerrits NJHM, Veltman DJ, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, van den Heuvel OA. Reduced neural connectivity but increased task-related activity during working memory in de novo Parkinson patients. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:1554-66. [PMID: 25598397 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from impairments in executive functions, such as working memory deficits. It is widely held that dopamine depletion in the striatum contributes to these impairments through decreased activity and connectivity between task-related brain networks. We investigated this hypothesis by studying task-related network activity and connectivity within a sample of de novo patients with PD, versus healthy controls, during a visuospatial working memory task. METHODS Sixteen de novo PD patients and 35 matched healthy controls performed a visuospatial n-back task while we measured their behavioral performance and neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We constructed regions-of-interest in the bilateral inferior parietal cortex (IPC), bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and bilateral caudate nucleus to investigate group differences in task-related activity. We studied network connectivity by assessing the functional connectivity of the bilateral DLPFC and by assessing effective connectivity within the frontoparietal and the frontostriatal networks. RESULTS PD patients, compared with controls, showed trend-significantly decreased task accuracy, significantly increased task-related activity in the left DLPFC and a trend-significant increase in activity of the right DLPFC, left caudate nucleus, and left IPC. Furthermore, we found reduced functional connectivity of the DLPFC with other task-related regions, such as the inferior and superior frontal gyri, in the PD group, and group differences in effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that the increase in working memory-related brain activity in PD patients is compensatory to maintain behavioral performance in the presence of network deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Trujillo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Buchman AS, Leurgans SE, Weiss A, VanderHorst V, Mirelman A, Dawe R, Barnes LL, Wilson RS, Hausdorff JM, Bennett DA. Associations between quantitative mobility measures derived from components of conventional mobility testing and Parkinsonian gait in older adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86262. [PMID: 24465997 PMCID: PMC3899223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide objective measures which characterize mobility in older adults assessed in the community setting and to examine the extent to which these measures are associated with parkinsonian gait. Methods During conventional mobility testing in the community-setting, 351 ambulatory non-demented Memory and Aging Project participants wore a belt with a whole body sensor that recorded both acceleration and angular velocity in 3 directions. We used measures derived from these recordings to quantify 5 subtasks including a) walking, b) transition from sit to stand, c) transition from stand to sit, d) turning and e) standing posture. Parkinsonian gait and other mild parkinsonian signs were assessed with a modified version of the original Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (mUPDRS). Results In a series of separate regression models which adjusted for age and sex, all 5 mobility subtask measures were associated with parkinsonian gait and accounted for 2% to 32% of its variance. When all 5 subtask measures were considered in a single model, backward elimination showed that measures of walking sit to stand and turning showed independent associations with parkinsonian gait and together accounted for more than 35% of its variance. Cross-validation using data from a 2nd group of 258 older adults showed similar results. In similar analyses, only walking was associated with bradykinesia and sway with tremor. Interpretation Quantitative mobility subtask measures vary in their associations with parkinsonian gait scores and other parkinsonian signs in older adults. Quantifying the different facets of mobility has the potential to facilitate the clinical characterization and understanding the biologic basis for impaired mobility in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sue E. Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aner Weiss
- Laboratory for Gait and Neurodynamics, Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Veronique VanderHorst
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Laboratory for Gait and Neurodynamics, Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Robert Dawe
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
- Laboratory for Gait and Neurodynamics, Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Effect of mild cognitive impairment on the patterns of neural activity in early Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:223-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gobel EW, Blomeke K, Zadikoff C, Simuni T, Weintraub S, Reber PJ. Implicit perceptual-motor skill learning in mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology 2013; 27:314-21. [PMID: 23688213 DOI: 10.1037/a0032305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implicit skill learning is hypothesized to depend on nondeclarative memory that operates independent of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system and instead depends on cortico striatal circuits between the basal ganglia and cortical areas supporting motor function and planning. Research with the Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task suggests that patients with memory disorders due to MTL damage exhibit normal implicit sequence learning. However, reports of intact learning rely on observations of no group differences, leading to speculation as to whether implicit sequence learning is fully intact in these patients. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often exhibit impaired sequence learning, but this impairment is not universally observed. METHOD Implicit perceptual-motor sequence learning was examined using the Serial Interception Sequence Learning (SISL) task in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; n = 11) and patients with PD (n = 15). Sequence learning in SISL is resistant to explicit learning and individually adapted task difficulty controls for baseline performance differences. RESULTS Patients with MCI exhibited robust sequence learning, equivalent to healthy older adults (n = 20), supporting the hypothesis that the MTL does not contribute to learning in this task. In contrast, the majority of patients with PD exhibited no sequence-specific learning in spite of matched overall task performance. Two patients with PD exhibited performance indicative of an explicit compensatory strategy suggesting that impaired implicit learning may lead to greater reliance on explicit memory in some individuals. CONCLUSION The differences in learning between patient groups provides strong evidence in favor of implicit sequence learning depending solely on intact basal ganglia function with no contribution from the MTL memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Gobel
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Rottschy C, Kleiman A, Dogan I, Langner R, Mirzazade S, Kronenbuerger M, Werner C, Shah NJ, Schulz JB, Eickhoff SB, Reetz K. Diminished activation of motor working-memory networks in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61786. [PMID: 23620791 PMCID: PMC3631252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical extrapyramidal motor features and increasingly recognized non-motor symptoms such as working memory (WM) deficits. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated differences in neuronal activation during a motor WM task in 23 non-demented PD patients and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants had to memorize and retype variably long visuo-spatial stimulus sequences after short or long delays (immediate or delayed serial recall). PD patients showed deficient WM performance compared to controls, which was accompanied by reduced encoding-related activation in WM-related regions. Mirroring slower motor initiation and execution, reduced activation in motor structures such as the basal ganglia and superior parietal cortex was detected for both immediate and delayed recall. Increased activation in limbic, parietal and cerebellar regions was found during delayed recall only. Increased load-related activation for delayed recall was found in the posterior midline and the cerebellum. Overall, our results demonstrate that impairment of WM in PD is primarily associated with a widespread reduction of task-relevant activation, whereas additional parietal, limbic and cerebellar regions become more activated relative to matched controls. While the reduced WM-related activity mirrors the deficient WM performance, the additional recruitment may point to either dysfunctional compensatory strategies or detrimental crosstalk from “default-mode” regions, contributing to the observed impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rottschy
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Kleiman
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Imis Dogan
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Shahram Mirzazade
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Cornelius Werner
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Prodoehl J, Planetta PJ, Kurani AS, Comella CL, Corcos DM, Vaillancourt DE. Differences in brain activation between tremor- and nontremor-dominant Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:100-6. [PMID: 23318516 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare differences in functional brain activity between tremor- and nontremor-dominant subtypes of Parkinson disease (PD) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN In our study, patients with tremor-dominant PD and those with nontremor-dominant PD performed a grip task, and the results obtained were compared using voxelwise analysis. Areas of the brain that were significantly different were then examined using a region-of-interest analysis to compare these patients with healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry was used to determine macroscopic differences in gray and white matter volume between patient groups. SETTING University-affiliated research institution. PARTICIPANTS A total of 20 drug-naive patients with PD (10 with tremor-dominant PD and 10 with nontremor-dominant PD) and a total of 20 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood oxygenation level-dependent activation and percent signal change. RESULTS Robust findings across both voxelwise and region-of-interest analyses showed that, compared with patients with tremor-dominant PD, patients with nontremor-dominant PD had reduced activation in the ipsilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the globus pallidus interna, and the globus pallidus externa. Region-of-interest analyses confirmed that patients with nontremor-dominant PD had reduced activity in the ipsilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the globus pallidus interna, and the globus pallidus externa compared with patients with tremor-dominant PD and healthy controls. Patients with tremor-dominant PD had increased activity in the contralateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with patients with nontremor-dominant PD and healthy controls. These results could not be explained by differences in gray or white matter volume. CONCLUSIONS Reduced brain activity occurs in the prefrontal cortex and globus pallidus of patients with nontremor-dominant PD compared with both patients with tremor-dominant PD and healthy controls, which suggests that functional magnetic resonance imaging is a promising technique to understand differences in brain activation between subtypes of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janey Prodoehl
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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Motor learning, retention and transfer after virtual-reality-based training in Parkinson's disease – effect of motor and cognitive demands of games: a longitudinal, controlled clinical study. Physiotherapy 2012; 98:217-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mure H, Tang CC, Argyelan M, Ghilardi MF, Kaplitt MG, Dhawan V, Eidelberg D. Improved sequence learning with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: evidence for treatment-specific network modulation. J Neurosci 2012; 32:2804-13. [PMID: 22357863 PMCID: PMC4557784 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4331-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a network approach to study the effects of anti-parkinsonian treatment on motor sequence learning in humans. Eight Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation underwent H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) while they performed kinematically matched sequence learning and movement tasks at baseline and during stimulation. Network analysis revealed a significant learning-related spatial covariance pattern characterized by consistent increases in subject expression during stimulation (p = 0.008, permutation test). The network was associated with increased activity in the lateral cerebellum, dorsal premotor cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus, with covarying reductions in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and orbitofrontal cortex. Stimulation-mediated increases in network activity correlated with concurrent improvement in learning performance (p < 0.02). To determine whether similar changes occurred during dopaminergic pharmacotherapy, we studied the subjects during an intravenous levodopa infusion titrated to achieve a motor response equivalent to stimulation. Despite consistent improvement in motor ratings during infusion, levodopa did not alter learning performance or network activity. Analysis of learning-related rCBF in network regions revealed improvement in baseline abnormalities with STN stimulation but not levodopa. These effects were most pronounced in the SMA. In this region, a consistent rCBF response to stimulation was observed across subjects and trials (p = 0.01), although the levodopa response was not significant. These findings link the cognitive treatment response in PD to changes in the activity of a specific cerebello-premotor cortical network. Selective modulation of overactive SMA-STN projection pathways may underlie the improvement in learning found with stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Mure
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
| | - Chris C. Tang
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
| | - Maria-Felice Ghilardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031, and
| | - Michael G. Kaplitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Vijay Dhawan
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
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Abstract
In the last 25 years there have been enormous advances in brain imaging. In addition to utility in diagnosis, these have led to novel insights into the pathogenesis of basal ganglia disease and the role of dopamine and the basal ganglia in normal health. The authors review highlights of this work, with a focus on advances in Parkinson's disease, the dystonias, Huntington's disease, and the role of dopamine in cognition and reward signaling. Emerging areas for future development include studies of functional connectivity, the analysis of default mode networks, studies of novel neurochemical pathways, methods to study disease pathogenesis, and the application of imaging techniques to investigate animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Buchman AS, Leurgans SE, Boyle PA, Schneider JA, Arnold SE, Bennett DA. Combinations of motor measures more strongly predict adverse health outcomes in old age: the rush memory and aging project, a community-based cohort study. BMC Med 2011; 9:42. [PMID: 21507235 PMCID: PMC3100235 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motor impairment in old age is a growing public-health concern, and several different constructs have been used to identify motor impairments in older people. We tested the hypothesis that combinations of motor constructs more strongly predict adverse health outcomes in older people. METHODS In total, 949 people without dementia, history of stroke or Parkinson's disease, who were participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (a longitudinal community-based cohort study), underwent assessment at study entry. From this, three constructs were derived: 1) physical frailty based on grip strength, timed walk, body mass index and fatigue; 2) Parkinsonian Signs Score based on the modified motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; and 3) a motor construct, based on nine strength measures and nine motor performances. Disability and cognitive status were assessed annually. A series of Cox proportional-hazards models, controlling for age, sex and education, were used to examine the association of each of these three constructs alone and in various combinations with death, disability and Alzheimer's disease (AD). RESULTS All three constructs were related (mean r = 0.50, all P < 0.001), and when considered individually in separate proportional-hazards models, were associated with risk of death, incident disability and AD. However, when considered together, combinations of these constructs more strongly predicted adverse health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Physical frailty, parkinsonian signs score and global motor score are related constructs that capture different aspects of motor function. Assessments using several motor constructs may more accurately identify people at the highest risk of adverse health consequences in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S Buchman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Perfetti B, Moisello C, Lanzafame S, Varanese S, Landsness E, Onofrj M, Rocco AD, Tononi G, Ghilardi MF. Attention modulation regulates both motor and non-motor performance: a high-density EEG study in Parkinson's disease. Arch Ital Biol 2010; 148:279-288. [PMID: 21175014 PMCID: PMC3071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that, in early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), patients with higher reaction times are also more impaired in visual sequence learning, suggesting that movement preparation shares resources with the learning of visuospatial sequences. Here, we ascertained whether, in patients with PD, the pattern of the neural correlates of attentional processes of movement planning predict sequence learning and working memory abilities. High density Electroencephalography (EEG, 256 electrodes) was recorded in 19 patients with PD performing reaching movements in a choice reaction time paradigm. Patients were also tested with Digit Span and performed a visuomotor sequence learning task that has an important declarative learning component. We found that attenuation of alpha/beta oscillatory activity before the stimulus presentation in frontoparietal regions significantly correlated with reaction time in the choice reaction time task, similarly to what we had previously found in normal subjects. In addition, such activity significantly predicted the declarative indices of sequence learning and the scores in the Digit Span task. These findings suggest that some motor and non motor PD signs might have common neural bases, and thus, might have a similar response to the same behavioral therapy. In addition, these results might help in designing and testing the efficacy of novel rehabilitative approaches to improve specific aspects of motor performance in PD and other neurological disorders.
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Bodis-Wollner I. Current aspects of cognitive neurophysiology of Parkinson disease: an introduction. Clin EEG Neurosci 2010; 41:68-75. [PMID: 20521488 DOI: 10.1177/155005941004100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. With increased longevity and improved health care, our society is experiencing an unprecedented challenge posed by neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease alone is now the third most expensive disease to treat in the U.S., costing close to $100 billion annually. While treatment of the motor manifestations of PD has advanced much, the treatment of its non-motor features, in particular mental dysfunction remain as unresolved problems in PD. Electrophysiological and imaging studies in this issue are providing new information on the roles of the frontal cortex, pedunculopontine nucleus, dopaminergic mesolimbic system and thalamocortical circuits on cognitive and mental dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bodis-Wollner
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
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