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LaCombe JM, Sloan K, Thomas JR, Blackwell MP, Crawford I, Bishop F, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Sex-specific trisomic Dyrk1a-related skeletal phenotypes during development in a Down syndrome model. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050914. [PMID: 39136051 PMCID: PMC11449447 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal insufficiency affects all individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 and may alter bone strength throughout development due to a reduced period of bone formation and early attainment of peak bone mass compared to those in typically developing individuals. Appendicular skeletal deficits also appear in males before females with DS. In femurs of male Ts65Dn DS model mice, cortical deficits were pronounced throughout development, but trabecular deficits and Dyrk1a overexpression were transitory until postnatal day (P) 30, when there were persistent trabecular and cortical deficits and Dyrk1a was trending toward overexpression. Correction of DS-related skeletal deficits by a purported DYRK1A inhibitor or through genetic means beginning at P21 was not effective at P30, but germline normalization of Dyrk1a improved male bone structure by P36. Trabecular and cortical deficits in female Ts65Dn mice were evident at P30 but subsided by P36, typifying periodic developmental skeletal normalizations that progressed to more prominent bone deficiencies. Sex-dependent differences in skeletal deficits with a delayed impact of trisomic Dyrk1a are important to find temporally specific treatment periods for bone and other phenotypes associated with trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M LaCombe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories, Inc., Greenfield, IN 46140, USA
| | - Kourtney Sloan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jared R Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew P Blackwell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Isabella Crawford
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Flannery Bishop
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Borgognone A, Casadellà M, Martínez de Lagrán M, Paredes R, Clotet B, Dierssen M, Elizalde-Torrent A. Lamivudine modulates the expression of neurological impairment-related genes and LINE-1 retrotransposons in brain tissues of a Down syndrome mouse model. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1386944. [PMID: 39100749 PMCID: PMC11294114 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1386944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated activity of retrotransposons is increasingly recognized to be implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases, including Down syndrome (DS), which is the most common chromosomal condition causing intellectual disability globally. Previous research by our group has revealed that treatment with lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, improved neurobehavioral phenotypes and completely rescued hippocampal-dependent recognition memory in a DS mouse model, Ts65Dn. We hypothesized that retrotransposition rates would increase in the Ts65Dn mouse model, and lamivudine could block retrotransposons. We analyzed the differentially expressed long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) mapping on MMU16 and 17, and showed for the first time that retrotransposition could be associated with Ts65Dn's pathology, as misregulation of L1 was found in brain tissues associated with trisomy. In the cerebral cortex, 6 out of 26 upregulated L1s in trisomic treated mice were located in the telomeric region of MMU16 near Ttc3, Kcnj6, and Dscam genes. In the hippocampus, one upregulated L1 element in trisomic treated mice was located near the Fgd4 gene on MMU16. Moreover, two downregulated L1s rescued after treatment with lamivudine were located in the intronic region of Nrxn1 (MMU17) and Snhg14 (MMU7), implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. To gain further insight into the mechanism of this improvement, we here analyzed the gene expression profile in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of trisomic mice treated and no-treated with lamivudine compared to their wild-type littermates. We found that treatment with lamivudine rescued the expression of 24% of trisomic genes in the cortex (located on mouse chromosome (MMU) 16 and 17) and 15% in the hippocampus (located in the human chromosome 21 orthologous regions), with important DS candidate genes such as App and Ets2, rescued in both regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Martínez de Lagrán
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Infeccious Diseases and Immunity, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Infeccious Diseases and Immunity, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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LaCombe JM, Sloan K, Thomas JR, Blackwell MP, Crawford I, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Sex specific emergence of trisomic Dyrk1a-related skeletal phenotypes in the development of a Down syndrome mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595804. [PMID: 38826419 PMCID: PMC11142220 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal insufficiency affects all individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21 (Ts21) and may alter bone strength throughout development due to a reduced period of bone formation and early attainment of peak bone mass compared to typically developing individuals. Appendicular skeletal deficits also appear in males before females with DS. In femurs of male Ts65Dn DS model mice, cortical deficits were pronounced throughout development, but trabecular deficits and Dyrk1a overexpression were transitory until postnatal day (P) 30 when there were persistent trabecular and cortical deficits and Dyrk1a was trending overexpression. Correction of DS-related skeletal deficits by a purported DYRK1A inhibitor or through genetic means beginning at P21 was not effective at P30, but germline normalization of Dyrk1a improved male bone structure by P36. Trabecular and cortical deficits in female Ts65Dn mice were evident at P30 but subsided by P36, typifying periodic developmental skeletal normalizations that progressed to more prominent bone deficiencies. Sex-dependent differences in skeletal deficits with a delayed impact of trisomic Dyrk1a are important to find temporally specific treatment periods for bone and other phenotypes associated with Ts21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. LaCombe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories, Inc., Greenfield, IN, USA
| | - Kourtney Sloan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jared R. Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Manubens-Gil L, Pons-Espinal M, Gener T, Ballesteros-Yañez I, de Lagrán MM, Dierssen M. Deficits in neuronal architecture but not over-inhibition are main determinants of reduced neuronal network activity in a mouse model of overexpression of Dyrk1A. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad431. [PMID: 37997361 PMCID: PMC10793573 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) overexpression, a gene associated with Down syndrome, on hippocampal neuronal deficits in mice. Our findings revealed that mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A; TG) exhibited impaired hippocampal recognition memory, disrupted excitation-inhibition balance, and deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP). Specifically, we observed layer-specific deficits in dendritic arborization of TG CA1 pyramidal neurons in the stratum radiatum. Through computational modeling, we determined that these alterations resulted in reduced storage capacity and compromised integration of inputs, with decreased high γ oscillations. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, our model suggests that deficits in neuronal architecture, rather than over-inhibition, primarily contribute to the reduced network. We explored the potential of environmental enrichment (EE) as a therapeutic intervention and found that it normalized the excitation-inhibition balance, restored LTP, and improved short-term recognition memory. Interestingly, we observed transient significant dendritic remodeling, leading to recovered high γ. However, these effects were not sustained after EE discontinuation. Based on our findings, we conclude that Dyrk1A overexpression-induced layer-specific neuromorphological disturbances impair the encoding of place and temporal context. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Dyrk1A-related hippocampal deficits and highlight the challenges associated with long-term therapeutic interventions for cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Manubens-Gil
- Institute for Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, Southeast University (SEU), Biomedical engineering, Sipailou street No. 2, Xuanwu district, 210096, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University (SEU), Sipailou street No. 2, Xuanwu district, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Meritxell Pons-Espinal
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Avinguda de la Granvia de l'Hospitalet, 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), Avda. Diagonal, 643 Edifici Prevosti, planta -108028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Gener
- Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices Group (AEMD), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, UAB Campus, Bellaterra Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ballesteros-Yañez
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla- La Mancha, Camino de Moledores, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Martínez de Lagrán
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Center for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Center for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), v. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Abukhaled Y, Hatab K, Awadhalla M, Hamdan H. Understanding the genetic mechanisms and cognitive impairments in Down syndrome: towards a holistic approach. J Neurol 2024; 271:87-104. [PMID: 37561187 PMCID: PMC10769995 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common genetic cause of intellectual disability is Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21. It commonly results from three copies of human chromosome 21 (HC21). There are no mutations or deletions involved in DS. Instead, the phenotype is caused by altered transcription of the genes on HC21. These transcriptional variations are responsible for a myriad of symptoms affecting every organ system. A very debilitating aspect of DS is intellectual disability (ID). Although tremendous advances have been made to try and understand the underlying mechanisms of ID, there is a lack of a unified, holistic view to defining the cause and managing the cognitive impairments. In this literature review, we discuss the mechanisms of neuronal over-inhibition, abnormal morphology, and other genetic factors in contributing to the development of ID in DS patients and to gain a holistic understanding of ID in DS patients. We also highlight potential therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life of DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Abukhaled
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kenana Hatab
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Awadhalla
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Han PP, Han Y, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. Enriched environment-induced neuroplasticity in ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1210361. [PMID: 37484824 PMCID: PMC10360187 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1210361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease that can interrupt local blood flow in the brain, causing neuronal damage or even death, resulting in varying degrees of neurological dysfunction. Neuroplasticity is an important neurological function that helps neurons reorganize and regain function after injury. After cerebral ischemia, neuroplasticity changes are critical factors for restoring brain function. An enriched environment promotes increased neuroplasticity, thereby aiding stroke recovery. In this review, we discuss the positive effects of the enriched environment on neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia, including synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. In addition, we also introduce some studies on the clinical application of enriched environments in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, hoping that they can provide some inspiration for doctors and therapists looking for new approaches to stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Manubens-Gil L, Pons-Espinal M, Gener T, Ballesteros-Yañez I, de Lagrán MM, Dierssen M. Deficits in neuronal architecture but not over-inhibition are main determinants of reduced neuronal network activity in a mouse model of overexpression of Dyrk1A. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531874. [PMID: 36945607 PMCID: PMC10028951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal dendritic arbors, dendritic spine "dysgenesis" and excitation inhibition imbalance are main traits assumed to underlie impaired cognition and behavioral adaptation in intellectual disability. However, how these modifications actually contribute to functional properties of neuronal networks, such as signal integration or storage capacity is unknown. Here, we used a mouse model overexpressing Dyrk1A (Dual-specificity tyrosine [Y]-regulated kinase), one of the most relevant Down syndrome (DS) candidate genes, to gather quantitative data regarding hippocampal neuronal deficits produced by the overexpression of Dyrk1A in mice (TgDyrk1A; TG). TG mice showed impaired hippocampal recognition memory, altered excitation-inhibition balance and deficits in hippocampal CA1 LTP. We also detected for the first time that deficits in dendritic arborization in TG CA1 pyramidal neurons are layer-specific, with a reduction in the width of the stratum radiatum, the postsynaptic target site of CA3 excitatory neurons, but not in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, which receives temporo-ammonic projections. To interrogate about the functional impact of layer-specific TG dendritic deficits we developed tailored computational multicompartmental models. Computational modelling revealed that neuronal microarchitecture alterations in TG mice lead to deficits in storage capacity, altered the integration of inputs from entorhinal cortex and hippocampal CA3 region onto CA1 pyramidal cells, important for coding place and temporal context and on connectivity and activity dynamics, with impaired the ability to reach high γ oscillations. Contrary to what is assumed in the field, the reduced network activity in TG is mainly contributed by the deficits in neuronal architecture and to a lesser extent by over-inhibition. Finally, given that therapies aimed at improving cognition have also been tested for their capability to recover dendritic spine deficits and excitation-inhibition imbalance, we also tested the short- and long-term changes produced by exposure to environmental enrichment (EE). Exposure to EE normalized the excitation inhibition imbalance and LTP, and had beneficial effects on short-term recognition memory. Importantly, it produced massive but transient dendritic remodeling of hippocampal CA1, that led to recovery of high γ oscillations, the main readout of synchronization of CA1 neurons, in our simulations. However, those effects where not stable and were lost after EE discontinuation. We conclude that layer-specific neuromorphological disturbances produced by Dyrk1A overexpression impair coding place and temporal context. Our results also suggest that treatments targeting structural plasticity, such as EE, even though hold promise towards improved treatment of intellectual disabilities, only produce temporary recovery, due to transient dendritic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Manubens-Gil
- SEU-Allen Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University (SEU), China
| | - Meritxell Pons-Espinal
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Gener
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ballesteros-Yañez
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain (UCLM), CRIB, Spain
| | - María Martínez de Lagrán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), BIST, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), BIST, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
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de Souza MM, Cenci AR, Teixeira KF, Machado V, Mendes Schuler MCG, Gonçalves AE, Paula Dalmagro A, André Cazarin C, Gomes Ferreira LL, de Oliveira AS, Andricopulo AD. DYRK1A Inhibitors and Perspectives for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:669-688. [PMID: 35726411 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220620162018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia, especially in the elderly. Due to the increase in life expectancy, in recent years, there has been an excessive growth in the number of people affected by this disease, causing serious problems for health systems. In recent years, research has been intensified to find new therapeutic approaches that prevent the progression of the disease. In this sense, recent studies indicate that the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene, which is located on chromosome 21q22.2 and overexpressed in Down syndrome (DS), may play a significant role in developmental brain disorders and early onset neurodegeneration, neuronal loss and dementia in DS and AD. Inhibiting DYRK1A may serve to stop the phenotypic effects of its overexpression and, therefore, is a potential treatment strategy for the prevention of ageassociated neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer-type pathology. OBJECTIVE In this review, we investigate the contribution of DYRK1A inhibitors as potential anti-AD agents. METHODS A search in the literature to compile an in vitro dataset including IC50 values involving DYRK1A was performed from 2014 to the present day. In addition, we carried out structure-activity relationship studies based on in vitro and in silico data. RESULTS molecular modeling and enzyme kinetics studies indicate that DYRK1A may contribute to AD pathology through its proteolytic process, reducing its kinase specificity. CONCLUSION further evaluation of DYRK1A inhibitors may contribute to new therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Maria de Souza
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, Centro, Itajai, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ribeiro Cenci
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. João Pessoa, 2750 - Velha, 89036-002, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Kerolain Faoro Teixeira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. João Pessoa, 2750 - Velha, 89036-002, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Valkiria Machado
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. João Pessoa, 2750 - Velha, 89036-002, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Elisa Gonçalves
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, Centro, Itajai, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, Centro, Itajai, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Camila André Cazarin
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, Centro, Itajai, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Luiz Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Defini Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
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Alemany-González M, Vilademunt M, Gener T, Puig MV. Postnatal environmental enrichment enhances memory through distinct neural mechanisms in healthy and trisomic female mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105841. [PMID: 35988873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulating lifestyles have powerful effects on cognitive abilities, especially when they are experienced early in life. Cognitive therapies are widely used to improve cognitive impairment due to intellectual disability, aging, and neurodegeneration, however the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the neural correlates of memory amelioration produced by postnatal environmental enrichment (EE) in diploid mice and the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (trisomy 21). We recorded neural activities in brain structures key for memory processing, the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, during rest, sleep and memory performance in mice reared in non-enriched or enriched environments. Enriched wild-type animals exhibited enhanced neural synchrony in the hippocampus across different brain states (increased gamma oscillations, theta-gamma coupling, sleep ripples). Trisomic females showed increased theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex across different brain states along with enlarged ripples and disrupted circuit gamma signals that were associated with memory deficits. These pathological activities were attenuated in their trisomic EE-reared peers. Our results suggest distinct neural mechanisms for the generation and rescue of healthy and pathological brain synchrony, respectively, by EE and put forward hippocampal-prefrontal hypersynchrony and miscommunication as major targets underlying the beneficial effects of EE in intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alemany-González
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vilademunt
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Gener
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Victoria Puig
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Jamal R, LaCombe J, Patel R, Blackwell M, Thomas JR, Sloan K, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Increased dosage and treatment time of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) negatively affects skeletal parameters in normal mice and Down syndrome mouse models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264254. [PMID: 35196359 PMCID: PMC8865638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone abnormalities affect all individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and are linked to abnormal expression of DYRK1A, a gene found in three copies in people with DS and Ts65Dn DS model mice. Previous work in Ts65Dn male mice demonstrated that both genetic normalization of Dyrk1a and treatment with ~9 mg/kg/day Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol found in green tea and putative DYRK1A inhibitor, improved some skeletal deficits. Because EGCG treatment improved mostly trabecular skeletal deficits, we hypothesized that increasing EGCG treatment dosage and length of administration would positively affect both trabecular and cortical bone in Ts65Dn mice. Treatment of individuals with DS with green tea extract (GTE) containing EGCG also showed some weight loss in individuals with DS, and we hypothesized that weights would be affected in Ts65Dn mice after EGCG treatment. Treatment with ~20 mg/kg/day EGCG for seven weeks showed no improvements in male Ts65Dn trabecular bone and only limited improvements in cortical measures. Comparing skeletal analyses after ~20mg/kg/day EGCG treatment with previously published treatments with ~9, 50, and 200 mg/kg/day EGCG showed that increased dosage and treatment time increased cortical structural deficits leading to weaker appendicular bones in male mice. Weight was not affected by treatment in mice, except for those given a high dose of EGCG by oral gavage. These data indicate that high doses of EGCG, similar to those reported in some treatment studies of DS and other disorders, may impair long bone structure and strength. Skeletal phenotypes should be monitored when high doses of EGCG are administered therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Jamal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jonathan LaCombe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Roshni Patel
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew Blackwell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jared R. Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kourtney Sloan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Randall J. Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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11
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Castillon C, Gonzalez L, Domenichini F, Guyon S, Da Silva K, Durand C, Lestaevel P, Vaillend C, Laroche S, Barnier JV, Poirier R. The intellectual disability PAK3 R67C mutation impacts cognitive functions and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1950-1968. [PMID: 31943058 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between mutations associated with intellectual disability (ID) and the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunctions remains largely unknown. Here, we focused on PAK3, a serine/threonine kinase whose gene mutations cause X-linked ID. We generated a new mutant mouse model bearing the missense R67C mutation of the Pak3 gene (Pak3-R67C), known to cause moderate to severe ID in humans without other clinical signs and investigated hippocampal-dependent memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Adult male Pak3-R67C mice exhibited selective impairments in long-term spatial memory and pattern separation function, suggestive of altered hippocampal neurogenesis. A delayed non-matching to place paradigm testing memory flexibility and proactive interference, reported here as being adult neurogenesis-dependent, revealed a hypersensitivity to high interference in Pak3-R67C mice. Analyzing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Pak3-R67C mice reveals no alteration in the first steps of adult neurogenesis, but an accelerated death of a population of adult-born neurons during the critical period of 18-28 days after their birth. We then investigated the recruitment of hippocampal adult-born neurons after spatial memory recall. Post-recall activation of mature dentate granule cells in Pak3-R67C mice was unaffected, but a complete failure of activation of young DCX + newborn neurons was found, suggesting they were not recruited during the memory task. Decreased expression of the KCC2b chloride cotransporter and altered dendritic development indicate that young adult-born neurons are not fully functional in Pak3-R67C mice. We suggest that these defects in the dynamics and learning-associated recruitment of newborn hippocampal neurons may contribute to the selective cognitive deficits observed in this mouse model of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Castillon
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurine Gonzalez
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Florence Domenichini
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Guyon
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Kevin Da Silva
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christelle Durand
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cyrille Vaillend
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Serge Laroche
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Roseline Poirier
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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12
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Espeso-Gil S, Holik AZ, Bonnin S, Jhanwar S, Chandrasekaran S, Pique-Regi R, Albaigès-Ràfols J, Maher M, Permanyer J, Irimia M, Friedländer MR, Pons-Espinal M, Akbarian S, Dierssen M, Maass PG, Hor CN, Ossowski S. Environmental Enrichment Induces Epigenomic and Genome Organization Changes Relevant for Cognition. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:664912. [PMID: 34025350 PMCID: PMC8131874 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.664912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In early development, the environment triggers mnemonic epigenomic programs resulting in memory and learning experiences to confer cognitive phenotypes into adulthood. To uncover how environmental stimulation impacts the epigenome and genome organization, we used the paradigm of environmental enrichment (EE) in young mice constantly receiving novel stimulation. We profiled epigenome and chromatin architecture in whole cortex and sorted neurons by deep-sequencing techniques. Specifically, we studied chromatin accessibility, gene and protein regulation, and 3D genome conformation, combined with predicted enhancer and chromatin interactions. We identified increased chromatin accessibility, transcription factor binding including CTCF-mediated insulation, differential occupancy of H3K36me3 and H3K79me2, and changes in transcriptional programs required for neuronal development. EE stimuli led to local genome re-organization by inducing increased contacts between chromosomes 7 and 17 (inter-chromosomal). Our findings support the notion that EE-induced learning and memory processes are directly associated with the epigenome and genome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Espeso-Gil
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aliaksei Z. Holik
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Bonnin
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shalu Jhanwar
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandhya Chandrasekaran
- MD/PhD Program in the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Júlia Albaigès-Ràfols
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Maher
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Permanyer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc R. Friedländer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meritxell Pons-Espinal
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philipp G. Maass
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charlotte N. Hor
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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De Toma I, Ortega M, Catuara-Solarz S, Sierra C, Sabidó E, Dierssen M. Re-establishment of the epigenetic state and rescue of kinome deregulation in Ts65Dn mice upon treatment with green tea extract and environmental enrichment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16023. [PMID: 32994493 PMCID: PMC7524756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the main genetic cause of intellectual disability due to triplication of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). Although there is no treatment for intellectual disability, environmental enrichment (EE) and the administration of green tea extracts containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) improve cognition in mouse models and individuals with DS. Using proteome, and phosphoproteome analysis in the hippocampi of a DS mouse model (Ts65Dn), we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of green tea extracts, EE and their combination. Our results revealed disturbances in cognitive-related (synaptic proteins, neuronal projection, neuron development, microtubule), GTPase/kinase activity and chromatin proteins. Green tea extracts, EE, and their combination restored more than 70% of the phosphoprotein deregulation in Ts65Dn, and induced possible compensatory effects. Our downstream analyses indicate that re-establishment of a proper epigenetic state and rescue of the kinome deregulation may contribute to the cognitive rescue induced by green tea extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I De Toma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ortega
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Catuara-Solarz
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Sierra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Sabidó
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Goodlett CR, Stringer M, LaCombe J, Patel R, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) via oral gavage in young adult Down syndrome mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10426. [PMID: 32591597 PMCID: PMC7319987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a candidate therapeutic for Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes based on in vitro inhibition of DYRK1A, a triplicated gene product of Trisomy 21 (Ts21). Consumption of green tea extracts containing EGCG improved some cognitive and behavioral outcomes in DS mouse models and in humans with Ts21. In contrast, treatment with pure EGCG in DS mouse models did not improve neurobehavioral phenotypes. This study tested the hypothesis that 200 mg/kg/day of pure EGCG, given via oral gavage, would improve neurobehavioral and skeletal phenotypes in the Ts65Dn DS mouse model. Serum EGCG levels post-gavage were significantly higher in trisomic mice than in euploid mice. Daily EGCG gavage treatments over three weeks resulted in growth deficits in both euploid and trisomic mice. Compared to vehicle treatment, EGCG did not significantly improve behavioral performance of Ts65Dn mice in the multivariate concentric square field, balance beam, or Morris water maze tasks, but reduced swimming speed. Furthermore, EGCG resulted in reduced cortical bone structure and strength in Ts65Dn mice. These outcomes failed to support the therapeutic potential of EGCG, and the deleterious effects on growth and skeletal phenotypes underscore the need for caution in high-dose EGCG supplements as an intervention in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Goodlett
- IUPUI Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Megan Stringer
- IUPUI Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Jonathan LaCombe
- IUPUI Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street; SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Roshni Patel
- IUPUI Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street; SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- IUPUI Department of Biomedical Engineering, 723 West Michigan Street; SL 220B, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- IUPUI Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street; SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA.
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15
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Gu Y, Moroy G, Paul JL, Rebillat AS, Dierssen M, de la Torre R, Cieuta-Walti C, Dairou J, Janel N. Molecular Rescue of Dyrk1A Overexpression Alterations in Mice with Fontup ® Dietary Supplement: Role of Green Tea Catechins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1404. [PMID: 32092951 PMCID: PMC7073110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an inhibitor of DYRK1A, a serine/threonine kinase considered to be a major contributor of cognitive dysfunctions in Down syndrome (DS). Two clinical trials in adult patients with DS have shown the safety and efficacy to improve cognitive phenotypes using commercial green tea extract containing EGCG (45% content). In the present study, we performed a preclinical study using FontUp®, a new nutritional supplement with a chocolate taste specifically formulated for the nutritional needs of patients with DS and enriched with a standardized amount of EGCG in young mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgBACDyrk1A). This preparation is differential with previous one used, because its green tea extract has been purified to up 94% EGCG of total catechins. We analyzed the in vitro effect of green tea catechins not only for EGCG, but for others residually contained in FontUp®, on DYRK1A kinase activity. Like EGCG, epicatechin gallate was a noncompetitive inhibitor against ATP, molecular docking computations confirming these results. Oral FontUp® normalized brain and plasma biomarkers deregulated in TgBACDyrk1A, without negative effect on liver and cardiac functions. We compared the bioavailability of EGCG in plasma and brain of mice and have demonstrated that EGCG had well crossed the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Gu
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Gautier Moroy
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F-75013 Paris, France;
| | | | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julien Dairou
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, UMR 8601, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
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16
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Martínez Cué C, Dierssen M. Plasticity as a therapeutic target for improving cognition and behavior in Down syndrome. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 251:269-302. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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De Toma I, Ortega M, Aloy P, Sabidó E, Dierssen M. DYRK1A Overexpression Alters Cognition and Neural-Related Proteomic Pathways in the Hippocampus That Are Rescued by Green Tea Extract and/or Environmental Enrichment. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:272. [PMID: 31803016 PMCID: PMC6873902 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. We recently discovered that green tea extracts containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) improve cognition in mice transgenic for Dyrk1a (TgDyrk1A) and in a trisomic DS mouse model (Ts65Dn). Interestingly, paired with cognitive stimulation, green tea has beneficial pro-cognitive effects in DS individuals. Dual Specificity Tyrosine-Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a major candidate to explain the cognitive phenotypes of DS, and inhibiting its activity is a promising pro-cognitive therapy. DYRK1A kinase activity can be normalized in the hippocampus of transgenic DYRK1A mice administering green tea extracts, but also submitting the animals to environmental enrichment (EE). However, many other mechanisms could also explain the pro-cognitive effects of green tea extracts and EE. To underpin the overall alterations arising upon DYRK1A overexpression and the molecular processes underneath the pro-cognitive effects, we used quantitative proteomics. We investigated the hippocampal (phospho)proteome in basal conditions and after treatment with a green tea extract containing EGCG and/or EE in TgDyrk1A and control mice. We found that Dyrk1A overexpression alters protein and phosphoprotein levels of key postsynaptic and plasticity-related pathways and that these alterations were rescued upon the cognitive enhancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario De Toma
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Ortega
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Aloy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomic Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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18
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Long R, Drawbaugh ML, Davis CM, Goodlett CR, Williams JR, Roper RJ. Usage of and attitudes about green tea extract and Epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a therapy in individuals with Down syndrome. Complement Ther Med 2019; 45:234-241. [PMID: 31331567 PMCID: PMC6929204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Usage of and views concerning alternative therapies in the DS community are not well documented. Some positive effects of green tea extracts (GTE) containing Epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) have been reported in individuals with DS and DS mouse models, but minimal improvements or detrimental effects of pure EGCG treatment have been reported in DS mouse models. Given the uncertainty about the effectiveness of these supplements, the goal of this study was to determine the relative prevalence of and attitudes about GTE/EGCG treatments among DS caregivers. METHODS An anonymous survey about attitudes and usage of GTE/EGCG in individuals with DS was completed by caregivers of these individuals. RESULTS GTE/EGCG treatment was provided by 18% of responding caregivers who were mostly younger, highly educated, and utilized scientific sources and other parents to influence their decision to use GTE/EGCG. Individuals with DS who received GTE/EGCG were characterized as less severely disabled. Most caregivers who did not give GTE/EGCG reported concerns about potential side effects and lack of effectiveness. Few caregivers consulted with medical providers about GTE/EGCG usage. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a need for communication between caregivers, medical providers, and scientists about potential benefits and risks for adverse effects of GTE, EGCG, and other nutritional supplements in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Long
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Montana L Drawbaugh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Charlene M Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jane R Williams
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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19
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Moreno-Jiménez EP, Jurado-Arjona J, Ávila J, Llorens-Martín M. The Social Component of Environmental Enrichment Is a Pro-neurogenic Stimulus in Adult c57BL6 Female Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:62. [PMID: 31080799 PMCID: PMC6497743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, the hippocampal dentate gyrus gives rise to newly generated dentate granule cells (DGCs) throughout life. This process, named adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), converges in the functional integration of mature DGCs into the trisynaptic hippocampal circuit. Environmental enrichment (EE) is one of the most potent positive regulators of AHN. This paradigm includes the combination of three major stimulatory components, namely increased physical activity, constant cognitive stimulation, and higher social interaction. In this regard, the pro-neurogenic effects of physical activity and cognitive stimulation have been widely addressed in adult rodents. However, the pro-neurogenic potential of the social aspect of EE has been less explored to date. Here we tackled this question by specifically focusing on the effects of a prolonged period of social enrichment (SE) in adult female C57BL6 mice. To this end, 7-week-old mice were housed in groups of 12 per cage for 8 weeks. These mice were compared with others housed under control housing (2–3 mice per cage) or EE (12 mice per cage plus running wheels and toys) conditions during the same period. We analyzed the number and morphology of Doublecortin-expressing (DCX+) cells. Moreover, using RGB retroviruses that allowed the labeling of three populations of newborn DGCs of different ages in the same mouse, we performed morphometric, immunohistochemical, and behavioral determinations. Both SE and EE increased the number and maturation of DCX+ cells, and caused an increase in dendritic maturation in certain populations of newborn DGCs. Moreover, both manipulations increased exploratory behavior in the Social Interaction test. Unexpectedly, our data revealed the potent neurogenesis-stimulating potential of SE in the absence of any further cognitive stimulation or increase in physical activity. Given that an increase in physical activity is strongly discouraged under certain circumstances, our findings may be relevant in the context of enhancing AHN via physical activity-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Jurado-Arjona
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Down syndrome: Neurobiological alterations and therapeutic targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:234-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Navarro-Romero A, Vázquez-Oliver A, Gomis-González M, Garzón-Montesinos C, Falcón-Moya R, Pastor A, Martín-García E, Pizarro N, Busquets-Garcia A, Revest JM, Piazza PV, Bosch F, Dierssen M, de la Torre R, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Maldonado R, Ozaita A. Cannabinoid type-1 receptor blockade restores neurological phenotypes in two models for Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:92-106. [PMID: 30685352 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is the most limiting hallmark of Down syndrome, for which there is no gold-standard clinical treatment yet. The endocannabinoid system is a widespread neuromodulatory system involved in multiple functions including learning and memory processes. Alterations of this system contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome has not been explored before. We used the best-characterized preclinical model of Down syndrome, the segmentally trisomic Ts65Dn model. In male Ts65Dn mice, cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) expression was enhanced and its function increased in hippocampal excitatory terminals. Knockdown of CB1R in the hippocampus of male Ts65Dn mice restored hippocampal-dependent memory. Concomitant with this result, pharmacological inhibition of CB1R restored memory deficits, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Notably, the blockade of CB1R also normalized hippocampal-dependent memory in female Ts65Dn mice. To further investigate the mechanisms involved, we used a second transgenic mouse model overexpressing a single gene candidate for Down syndrome cognitive phenotypes, the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). CB1R pharmacological blockade similarly improved cognitive performance, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in transgenic male Dyrk1A mice. Our results identify CB1R as a novel druggable target potentially relevant for the improvement of cognitive deficits associated with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Navarro-Romero
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vázquez-Oliver
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gomis-González
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Garzón-Montesinos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Falcón-Moya
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Pizarro
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Revest
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches of Stress-Related Diseases, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pier-Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches of Stress-Related Diseases, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fátima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 08017 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology, Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Rare Disorders (CIBERER), Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Ozaita
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Llorens-Martín M. Exercising New Neurons to Vanquish Alzheimer Disease. Brain Plast 2018; 4:111-126. [PMID: 30564550 PMCID: PMC6296267 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in individuals over 65 years of age. The neuropathological hallmarks of the condition are Tau neurofibrillary tangles and Amyloid-β senile plaques. Moreover, certain susceptible regions of the brain experience a generalized lack of neural plasticity and marked synaptic alterations during the progression of this as yet incurable disease. One of these regions, the hippocampus, is characterized by the continuous addition of new neurons throughout life. This phenomenon, named adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), provides a potentially endless source of new synaptic elements that increase the complexity and plasticity of the hippocampal circuitry. Numerous lines of evidence show that physical activity and environmental enrichment (EE) are among the most potent positive regulators of AHN. Given that neural plasticity is markedly decreased in many neurodegenerative diseases, the therapeutic potential of making certain lifestyle changes, such as increasing physical activity, is being recognised in several non-pharmacologic strategies seeking to slow down or prevent the progression of these diseases. This review article summarizes current evidence supporting the putative therapeutic potential of EE and physical exercise to increase AHN and hippocampal plasticity both under physiological and pathological circumstances, with a special emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CBMSO, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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23
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DYRK1A Protein, A Promising Therapeutic Target to Improve Cognitive Deficits in Down Syndrome. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8100187. [PMID: 30332747 PMCID: PMC6210095 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21), is the most common genetic developmental disorder, with an incidence of 1 in 800 live births. Its phenotypic characteristics include intellectual impairment, early onset of Alzheimer’s disease, congenital heart disease, hypotonia, muscle weakness and several other developmental abnormalities, for the majority of which the pathogenetic mechanisms remain unknown. Among the numerous protein coding genes of HSA21, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) encodes a proline-directed serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase that plays pleiotropic roles in neurodevelopment in both physiological and pathological conditions. Numerous studies point to a crucial role of DYRK1A protein for brain defects in patients with DS. Thus, DYRK1A inhibition has shown benefits in several mouse models of DS, including improvement of cognitive behaviour. Lastly, a recent clinical trial has shown that epigallocatechine gallate (EGCG), a DYRK1A inhibitor, given to young patients with DS improved visual recognition memory, working memory performance and adaptive behaviour.
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24
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Tian T, Zhang Y, Wu T, Yang L, Chen C, Li N, Li Y, Xu S, Fu Z, Cui X, Ji C, Chi X, Tong M, Chen R, Hong Q, Hu Y. miRNA profiling in the hippocampus of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3621-3629. [PMID: 30270454 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Child Health Care The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University Jiangsu China
| | - Tianqi Wu
- Department of Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Chunxiao Chen
- Department of Child Health Care Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Yancheng China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Child Health Care The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Siliang Xu
- Department of Child Health Care The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ronghua Chen
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Qin Hong
- Department of Child Health Care Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obsterics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Youfang Hu
- Department of Child Health Care The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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25
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Nguyen TL, Duchon A, Manousopoulou A, Loaëc N, Villiers B, Pani G, Karatas M, Mechling AE, Harsan LA, Limanton E, Bazureau JP, Carreaux F, Garbis SD, Meijer L, Herault Y. Correction of cognitive deficits in mouse models of Down syndrome by a pharmacological inhibitor of DYRK1A. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035634. [PMID: 30115750 PMCID: PMC6176987 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the implication of DYRK1A in the development of cognitive deficits seen in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We here demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of brain DYRK1A is able to correct recognition memory deficits in three DS mouse models with increasing genetic complexity [Tg(Dyrk1a), Ts65Dn, Dp1Yey], all expressing an extra copy of Dyrk1a Overexpressed DYRK1A accumulates in the cytoplasm and at the synapse. Treatment of the three DS models with the pharmacological DYRK1A inhibitor leucettine L41 leads to normalization of DYRK1A activity and corrects the novel object cognitive impairment observed in these models. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals that this cognitive improvement is paralleled by functional connectivity remodelling of core brain areas involved in learning/memory processes. The impact of Dyrk1a trisomy and L41 treatment on brain phosphoproteins was investigated by a quantitative phosphoproteomics method, revealing the implication of synaptic (synapsin 1) and cytoskeletal components involved in synaptic response and axonal organization. These results encourage the development of DYRK1A inhibitors as drug candidates to treat cognitive deficits associated with DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Lan Nguyen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine/Cancer Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Center for Proteomic Research, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Benoît Villiers
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Guillaume Pani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Meltem Karatas
- Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (IMIS), UMR 7357, and University Hospital Strasbourg, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna E Mechling
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Adela Harsan
- Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (IMIS), UMR 7357, and University Hospital Strasbourg, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Limanton
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bazureau
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Carreaux
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Faculty of Medicine/Cancer Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Center for Proteomic Research, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
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26
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Herault Y, Delabar JM, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Yu E, Brault V. Rodent models in Down syndrome research: impact and future opportunities. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:1165-1186. [PMID: 28993310 PMCID: PMC5665454 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. To date, a multiplicity of mouse models with Down-syndrome-related features has been developed to understand this complex human chromosomal disorder. These mouse models have been important for determining genotype-phenotype relationships and identification of dosage-sensitive genes involved in the pathophysiology of the condition, and in exploring the impact of the additional chromosome on the whole genome. Mouse models of Down syndrome have also been used to test therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide an overview of research in the last 15 years dedicated to the development and application of rodent models for Down syndrome. We also speculate on possible and probable future directions of research in this fast-moving field. As our understanding of the syndrome improves and genome engineering technologies evolve, it is necessary to coordinate efforts to make all Down syndrome models available to the community, to test therapeutics in models that replicate the whole trisomy and design new animal models to promote further discovery of potential therapeutic targets. Summary: Mouse models have boosted therapeutic options for Down syndrome, and improved models are being developed to better understand the pathophysiology of this genetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris
| | - Jean M Delabar
- T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, 75205 Paris, France.,INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,LonDownS Consortium, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris.,LonDownS Consortium, London, W1T 7NF UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eugene Yu
- T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris.,The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genetics Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Division of Graduate School, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Veronique Brault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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27
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Faundez V, De Toma I, Bardoni B, Bartesaghi R, Nizetic D, de la Torre R, Cohen Kadosh R, Herault Y, Dierssen M, Potier MC. Translating molecular advances in Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome into therapies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:675-690. [PMID: 29887288 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing treatments for genetic developmental disorders of the central nervous system are mostly symptomatic and do not correct the genetic cause. Recent identification of common mechanisms between diseases has suggested that new therapeutic targets could be applied across intellectual disabilities with potential disease-modifying properties. The European Down syndrome and other genetic developmental disorders (DSG2D) network joined basic and clinical scientists to foster this research and carry out clinical trials. Here we discuss common mechanisms between several intellectual disabilities from genetic origin including Down's and Fragile X syndromes: i) how to model these complex diseases using neuronal cells and brain organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells; ii) how to integrate genomic, proteomic and interactome data to help defining common mechanisms and boundaries between diseases; iii) how to target common pathways for designing clinical trials and assessing their efficacy; iv) how to bring new neuro-therapies, such as noninvasive brain stimulations and cognitive training to clinical research. The basic and translational research efforts of the last years have utterly transformed our understanding of the molecular pathology of these diseases but much is left to be done to bring them to newborn babies and children to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ilario De Toma
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CIBERER, Spain
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Valbonne, France
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dean Nizetic
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrated Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CIBERER, Spain.
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France.
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28
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Caraci F, Iulita MF, Pentz R, Flores Aguilar L, Orciani C, Barone C, Romano C, Drago F, Cuello AC. Searching for new pharmacological targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:7-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Stringer M, Goodlett CR, Roper RJ. Targeting trisomic treatments: optimizing Dyrk1a inhibition to improve Down syndrome deficits. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:451-465. [PMID: 28944229 PMCID: PMC5606891 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), located on human chromosome 21, may alter molecular processes linked to developmental deficits in Down syndrome (DS). Trisomic DYRK1A is a rational therapeutic target, and although reductions in Dyrk1a genetic dosage have shown improvements in trisomic mouse models, attempts to reduce Dyrk1a activity by pharmacological mechanisms and correct these DS-associated phenotypes have been largely unsuccessful. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits DYRK1A activity in vitro and this action has been postulated to account for improvement of some DS-associated phenotypes that have been reported in preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, the beneficial effects of EGCG are inconsistent and there is no direct evidence that any observed improvement actually occurs through Dyrk1a inhibition. Inconclusive outcomes likely reflect a lack of knowledge about the tissue-specific patterns of spatial and temporal overexpression and elevated activity of Dyrk1a that may contribute to emerging DS traits during development. Emerging evidence indicates that Dyrk1a expression varies over the life span in DS mouse models, yet preclinical therapeutic treatments targeting Dyrk1a have largely not considered these developmental changes. Therapies intended to improve DS phenotypes through normalizing trisomic Dyrk1a need to optimize the timing and dose of treatment to match the spatiotemporal patterning of excessive Dyrk1a activity in relevant tissues. This will require more precise identification of developmental periods of vulnerability to enduring adverse effects of elevated Dyrk1a, representing the concurrence of increased Dyrk1a expression together with hypothesized tissue-specific-sensitive periods when Dyrk1a regulates cellular processes that shape the long-term functional properties of the tissue. Future efforts targeting inhibition of trisomic Dyrk1a should identify these putative spatiotemporally specific developmental sensitive periods and determine whether normalizing Dyrk1a activity then can lead to improved outcomes in DS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Stringer
- Department of PsychologyIUPUI402 North Blackford Street, LD 124IndianapolisIndiana46202-3275
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- Department of PsychologyIUPUI402 North Blackford Street, LD 124IndianapolisIndiana46202-3275
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of BiologyIUPUI723 West Michigan Street SL 306IndianapolisIndiana46202-3275
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30
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Wang P, Wang L, Chen L, Sun X. Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A Gene Transcription is regulated by Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2D. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7240. [PMID: 28775333 PMCID: PMC5543054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is localized in the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21. As a candidate gene responsible for learning defects associated with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease (AD), DYRK1A has been implied to play pivotal roles in cell proliferation and brain development. MEF2D, a member of the myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors, was proved to be in control of neuronal cell differentiation and development. Here we demonstrated that MEF2D could upregulate DYRK1A gene expression through specific activation of DYRK1A isoform 5 gene transcription. A MEF2D responsive element from -268 to -254 bp on promoter region of DYRK1A isoform 5 was identified and confirmed by luciferase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The coordinated expression of DYRK1A and MEF2D in mouse brain development indicated a possibility of the cross-interaction of these two genes during neurodevelopment. The DYRK1A kinase activity was also affected by MEF2D's transcriptional regulation of DYRK1A. Therefore, the molecular regulation of DYRK1A by MEF2D further supported their involvement in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- Otolaryngology Key Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Luanluan Wang
- Otolaryngology Key Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Long Chen
- Otolaryngology Key Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Brain Research Institute, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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Stringer M, Abeysekera I, Thomas J, LaCombe J, Stancombe K, Stewart RJ, Dria KJ, Wallace JM, Goodlett CR, Roper RJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) consumption in the Ts65Dn model of Down syndrome fails to improve behavioral deficits and is detrimental to skeletal phenotypes. Physiol Behav 2017; 177:230-241. [PMID: 28478033 PMCID: PMC5525541 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by three copies of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and results in phenotypes including intellectual disability and skeletal deficits. Ts65Dn mice have three copies of ~50% of the genes homologous to Hsa21 and display phenotypes associated with DS, including cognitive deficits and skeletal abnormalities. DYRK1A is found in three copies in humans with Trisomy 21 and in Ts65Dn mice, and is involved in a number of critical pathways including neurological development and osteoclastogenesis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol in green tea, inhibits Dyrk1a activity. We have previously shown that EGCG treatment (~10mg/kg/day) improves skeletal abnormalities in Ts65Dn mice, yet the same dose, as well as ~20mg/kg/day did not rescue deficits in the Morris water maze spatial learning task (MWM), novel object recognition (NOR) or balance beam task (BB). In contrast, a recent study reported that an EGCG-containing supplement with a dose of 2-3mg per day (~40-60mg/kg/day) improved hippocampal-dependent task deficits in Ts65Dn mice. The current study investigated if an EGCG dosage similar to that study would yield similar improvements in either cognitive or skeletal deficits. Ts65Dn mice and euploid littermates were given EGCG [0.4mg/mL] or a water control, with treatments yielding average daily intakes of ~50mg/kg/day EGCG, and tested on the multivariate concentric square field (MCSF)-which assesses activity, exploratory behavior, risk assessment, risk taking, and shelter seeking-and NOR, BB, and MWM. EGCG treatment failed to improve cognitive deficits; EGCG also produced several detrimental effects on skeleton in both genotypes. In a refined HPLC-based assay, its first application in Ts65Dn mice, EGCG treatment significantly reduced kinase activity in femora but not in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, or hippocampus. Counter to expectation, 9-week-old Ts65Dn mice exhibited a decrease in Dyrk1a protein levels in Western blot analysis in the cerebellum. The lack of beneficial therapeutic behavioral effects and potentially detrimental skeletal effects of EGCG found in Ts65Dn mice emphasize the importance of identifying dosages of EGCG that reliably improve DS phenotypes and linking those effects to actions of EGCG (or EGCG-containing supplements) in specific targets in brain and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Stringer
- IUPUI, Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Irushi Abeysekera
- IUPUI, Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Jared Thomas
- IUPUI, Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Jonathan LaCombe
- IUPUI, Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Kailey Stancombe
- IUPUI, Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Robert J Stewart
- IUPUI, Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Karl J Dria
- IUPUI, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- IUPUI, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 220B, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- IUPUI, Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Randall J Roper
- IUPUI, Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States.
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Clark CA, Fernandez F, Sakhon S, Spanò G, Edgin JO. The medial temporal memory system in Down syndrome: Translating animal models of hippocampal compromise. Hippocampus 2017; 27:683-691. [PMID: 28346765 PMCID: PMC8109260 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the dentate gyrus as a region of increased vulnerability in mouse models of Down syndrome (DS). It is unclear to what extent these findings are reflected in the memory profile of people with the condition. We developed a series of novel tasks to probe distinct medial temporal functions in children and young adults with DS, including object, spatial, and temporal order memory. Relative to mental age-matched controls (n = 45), individuals with DS (n = 28) were unimpaired on subtests involving short-term object or configural recall that was divorced from spatial or temporal contexts. By contrast, the DS group had difficulty recalling spatial locations when contextual information was salient and recalling the order in which objects were serially presented. Results are consistent with dysfunction of spatial and temporal contextual pattern separation abilities in individuals with DS, mediated by the hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus. Amidst increasing calls to bridge human and animal work, the memory profile demonstrated here in humans with DS is strikingly similar to that of the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. The study highlights the trisynaptic circuit as a potentially fruitful intervention target to mitigate cognitive impairments associated with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caron A.C. Clark
- Department of Psychology, Memory Development and Disorders Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Fabian Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, BIO5 and McKnight Brain Research Institutes, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Neurology, BIO5 and McKnight Brain Research Institutes, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stella Sakhon
- Department of Psychology, Memory Development and Disorders Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Goffredina Spanò
- Department of Psychology, Memory Development and Disorders Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jamie O. Edgin
- Department of Psychology, Memory Development and Disorders Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Stagni F, Giacomini A, Emili M, Guidi S, Ciani E, Bartesaghi R. Epigallocatechin gallate: A useful therapy for cognitive disability in Down syndrome? NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1270383. [PMID: 28203607 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1270383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental alterations and cognitive disability are constant features of Down syndrome (DS), a genetic condition due to triplication of chromosome 21. DYRK1A is one of the triplicated genes that is thought to be strongly involved in brain alterations. Treatment of Dyrk1A transgenic mice with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an inhibitor of DYRK1A, improves cognitive performance, suggesting that EGCG may represent a suitable treatment of DS. Evidence in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS shows that EGCG restores hippocampal development, although this effect is ephemeral. Other studies, however, show no effects of treatment on hippocampus-dependent memory. On the other hand, a pilot study in young adults with DS shows that EGCG transiently improves some aspects of memory. Interestingly, EGCG plus cognitive training engenders effects that are more prolonged. Studies in various rodent models show a positive impact of EGCG on brain and behavior, but other studies show no effect. In spite of these discrepancies, possibly due to heterogeneity of protocols/timing/species, EGCG seems to exert some beneficial effects on the brain. It is possible that protocols of periodic EGCG administration to individuals with DS (alone or in conjunction with other treatments) may prevent the disappearance of its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Stagni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Emili
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
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Pharmacological rescue of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of X-linked intellectual disability. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 100:75-86. [PMID: 28088401 PMCID: PMC5346071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) is a Rho GTPase activating protein whose mutations cause X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). How loss of function of Ophn1 affects neuronal development is only partly understood. Here we have exploited adult hippocampal neurogenesis to dissect the steps of neuronal differentiation that are affected by Ophn1 deletion. We found that mice lacking Ophn1 display a reduction in the number of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus. A significant fraction of the Ophn1-deficient newly generated neurons failed to extend an axon towards CA3, and showed an altered density of dendritic protrusions. Since Ophn1-deficient mice display overactivation of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, we administered a clinically approved ROCK/PKA inhibitor (fasudil) to correct the neurogenesis defects. While administration of fasudil was not effective in rescuing axon formation, the same treatment completely restored spine density to control levels, and enhanced the long-term survival of adult-born neurons in mice lacking Ophn1. These results identify specific neurodevelopmental steps that are impacted by Ophn1 deletion, and indicate that they may be at least partially corrected by pharmacological treatment.
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35
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Dakic V, Maciel RDM, Drummond H, Nascimento JM, Trindade P, Rehen SK. Harmine stimulates proliferation of human neural progenitors. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2727. [PMID: 27957390 PMCID: PMC5144684 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmine is the β-carboline alkaloid with the highest concentration in the psychotropic plant decoction Ayahuasca. In rodents, classical antidepressants reverse the symptoms of depression by stimulating neuronal proliferation. It has been shown that Ayahuasca presents antidepressant effects in patients with depressive disorder. In the present study, we investigated the effects of harmine in cell cultures containing human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs, 97% nestin-positive) derived from pluripotent stem cells. After 4 days of treatment, the pool of proliferating hNPCs increased by 71.5%. Harmine has been reported as a potent inhibitor of the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK1A), which regulates cell proliferation and brain development. We tested the effect of analogs of harmine, an inhibitor of DYRK1A (INDY), and an irreversible selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) but not DYRK1A (pargyline). INDY but not pargyline induced proliferation of hNPCs similarly to harmine, suggesting that inhibition of DYRK1A is a possible mechanism to explain harmine effects upon the proliferation of hNPCs. Our findings show that harmine enhances proliferation of hNPCs and suggest that inhibition of DYRK1A may explain its effects upon proliferation in vitro and antidepressant effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Dakic
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Hannah Drummond
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Nascimento
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology/Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Trindade
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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36
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Çağlayan ES. Generation of improved human cerebral organoids from single copy DYRK1A knockout induced pluripotent stem cells in trisomy 21: hypothetical solutions for neurodevelopmental models and therapeutic alternatives in down syndrome. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1256-1270. [PMID: 27743462 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity thyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a strong therapeutic target to ameliorate cognitive functions of Down Syndrome (DS). Genetic normalization of Dyrk1a is sufficient to normalize early cortical developmental phenotypes in DS mouse models. Gyrencephalic human neocortical development is more complex than that in lissencephalic mice; hence, cerebral organoids (COs) can be used to model early neurodevelopmental defects of DS. Single copy DYRK1A knockout COs (scDYRK1AKO-COs) can be generated from manipulated DS derived (DS-) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genetic normalization of DYRK1A is expected to result in corrected neurodevelopmental phenotypes that can be reminiscent of normal COs. DYRK1A knock-in (DYRK1AKI) COs can be derived after genetic manipulations of normal iPSCs and would be valuable to evaluate impaired neocortical development as can be seen in DS-COs. DYRK1A mutations cause severe human primary microcephaly; hence, dose optimization studies of DYRK1A inhibitors will be critical for prenatal therapeutic applications in DS. Several doses of DYRK1A inhibitors can be tested in the neurodevelopment process of DS-COs and DS-scDYRK1AKO-COs would be used as optimum models for evaluating phenotypic ameliorations. Overdose drug exposure in DS-COs can be explained by similar defects present in DS-baDYRK1AKO-COs and DYRK1AKO-COs. There are several limitations in the current CO technology, which can be reduced by the generation of vascularized brain-like organoids giving opportunities to mimic late-stage corticogenesis and complete hippocampal development. In the future, improved DS-DYRK1AKO-COs can be efficient in studies that aim to generate efficiently transplantable and implantable neurons for tissue regeneration alternatives in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sacide Çağlayan
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
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37
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Combined Treatment With Environmental Enrichment and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorates Learning Deficits and Hippocampal Alterations in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0103-16. [PMID: 27844057 PMCID: PMC5099603 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0103-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability in Down syndrome (DS) is accompanied by altered neuro-architecture, deficient synaptic plasticity, and excitation-inhibition imbalance in critical brain regions for learning and memory. Recently, we have demonstrated beneficial effects of a combined treatment with green tea extract containing (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and cognitive stimulation in young adult DS individuals. Although we could reproduce the cognitive-enhancing effects in mouse models, the underlying mechanisms of these beneficial effects are unknown. Here, we explored the effects of a combined therapy with environmental enrichment (EE) and EGCG in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS at young age. Our results show that combined EE-EGCG treatment improved corticohippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Cognitive improvements were accompanied by a rescue of cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) dendritic spine density and a normalization of the proportion of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic markers in CA1 and dentate gyrus.
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Where Environment Meets Cognition: A Focus on Two Developmental Intellectual Disability Disorders. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4235898. [PMID: 27547454 PMCID: PMC4980517 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4235898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most challenging questions in neuroscience is to dissect how learning and memory, the foundational pillars of cognition, are grounded in stable, yet plastic, gene expression states. All known epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodelling, and noncoding RNAs regulate brain gene expression, both during neurodevelopment and in the adult brain in processes related to cognition. On the other hand, alterations in the various components of the epigenetic machinery have been linked to well-known causes of intellectual disability disorders (IDDs). Two examples are Down Syndrome (DS) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), where global and local epigenetic alterations lead to impairments in synaptic plasticity, memory, and learning. Since epigenetic modifications are reversible, it is theoretically possible to use epigenetic drugs as cognitive enhancers for the treatment of IDDs. Epigenetic treatments act in a context specific manner, targeting different regions based on cell and state specific chromatin accessibility, facilitating the establishment of the lost balance. Here, we discuss epigenetic studies of IDDs, focusing on DS and FXS, and the use of epidrugs in combinatorial therapies for IDDs.
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de la Torre R, de Sola S, Hernandez G, Farré M, Pujol J, Rodriguez J, Espadaler JM, Langohr K, Cuenca-Royo A, Principe A, Xicota L, Janel N, Catuara-Solarz S, Sanchez-Benavides G, Bléhaut H, Dueñas-Espín I, del Hoyo L, Benejam B, Blanco-Hinojo L, Videla S, Fitó M, Delabar JM, Dierssen M. Safety and efficacy of cognitive training plus epigallocatechin-3-gallate in young adults with Down's syndrome (TESDAD): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:801-810. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Sansevero G, Begenisic T, Mainardi M, Sale A. Experience-dependent reduction of soluble β-amyloid oligomers and rescue of cognitive abilities in middle-age Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:49-56. [PMID: 27288239 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most diffused genetic cause of intellectual disability and, after the age of forty, is invariantly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the last years, the prolongation of life expectancy in people with DS renders the need for intervention paradigms aimed at improving mental disability and counteracting AD pathology particularly urgent. At present, however, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for DS and concomitant AD in mid-life people. The most intensively studied mouse model of DS is the Ts65Dn line, which summarizes the main hallmarks of the DS phenotype, included severe learning and memory deficits and age-dependent AD-like pathology. Here we report for the first time that middle-age Ts65Dn mice display a marked increase in soluble Aβ oligomer levels in their hippocampus. Moreover, we found that long-term exposure to environmental enrichment (EE), a widely used paradigm that increases sensory-motor stimulation, reduces Aβ oligomers and rescues spatial memory abilities in trisomic mice. Our findings underscore the potential of EE procedures as a non-invasive paradigm for counteracting brain aging processes in DS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sansevero
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy; NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tatjana Begenisic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sale
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
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41
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Duchon A, Herault Y. DYRK1A, a Dosage-Sensitive Gene Involved in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Is a Target for Drug Development in Down Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:104. [PMID: 27375444 PMCID: PMC4891327 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the leading causes of intellectual disability, and patients with DS face various health issues, including learning and memory deficits, congenital heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), leukemia, and cancer, leading to huge medical and social costs. Remarkable advances on DS research have been made in improving cognitive function in mouse models for future therapeutic approaches in patients. Among the different approaches, DYRK1A inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics to reduce DS cognitive deficits. DYRK1A is a dual-specificity kinase that is overexpressed in DS and plays a key role in neurogenesis, outgrowth of axons and dendrites, neuronal trafficking and aging. Its pivotal role in the DS phenotype makes it a prime target for the development of therapeutics. Recently, disruption of DYRK1A has been found in Autosomal Dominant Mental Retardation 7 (MRD7), resulting in severe mental deficiency. Recent advances in the development of kinase inhibitors are expected, in the near future, to remove DS from the list of incurable diseases, providing certain conditions such as drug dosage and correct timing for the optimum long-term treatment. In addition the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms that are targeted by the inhibition of DYRK1A are still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duchon
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France; PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Groupement d'Intérêt Économique-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS, INSERMIllkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Abeysekera I, Thomas J, Georgiadis TM, Berman AG, Hammond MA, Dria KJ, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Differential effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate containing supplements on correcting skeletal defects in a Down syndrome mouse model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:717-726. [PMID: 26748562 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is characterized by a spectrum of phenotypes including skeletal abnormalities. The Ts65Dn DS mouse model exhibits similar skeletal phenotypes as humans with DS. DYRK1A, a kinase encoded on Hsa21, has been linked to deficiencies in bone homeostasis in DS mice and individuals with DS. Treatment with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a known inhibitor of Dyrk1a, improves some skeletal abnormalities associated with DS in mice. EGCG supplements are widely available but the effectiveness of different EGCG-containing supplements has not been well studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Six commercially available supplements containing EGCG were analyzed, and two of these supplements were compared with pure EGCG for their impact on skeletal deficits in a DS mouse model. The results demonstrate differential effects of commercial supplements on correcting skeletal abnormalities in Ts65Dn mice. Different EGCG-containing supplements display differences in degradation, polyphenol content, and effects on trisomic bone. CONCLUSION This work suggests that the dose of EGCG and composition of EGCG-containing supplements may be important in correcting skeletal deficits associated with DS. Careful analyses of these parameters may lead to a better understanding of how to improve skeletal and other deficits that impair individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irushi Abeysekera
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jared Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Taxiarchis M Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alycia G Berman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Max A Hammond
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Karl J Dria
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a relatively common genetic condition caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21. No therapies currently exist for the rescue of neurocognitive impairment in DS. This review presents exciting findings showing that it is possible to restore brain development and cognitive performance in mouse models of DS with therapies that can also apply to humans. This knowledge provides a potential breakthrough for the prevention of intellectual disability in DS.
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Catuara-Solarz S, Espinosa-Carrasco J, Erb I, Langohr K, Notredame C, Gonzalez JR, Dierssen M. Principal Component Analysis of the Effects of Environmental Enrichment and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Age-Associated Learning Deficits in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:330. [PMID: 26696850 PMCID: PMC4675859 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) individuals present increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and AD-type dementia. Here, we investigated the use of green tea extracts containing (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as co-adjuvant to enhance the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) in Ts65Dn mice, a segmental trisomy model of DS that partially mimics DS/AD pathology, at the age of initiation of cognitive decline. Classical repeated measures ANOVA showed that combined EE-EGCG treatment was more efficient than EE or EGCG alone to improve specific spatial learning related variables. Using principal component analysis (PCA) we found that several spatial learning parameters contributed similarly to a first PC and explained a large proportion of the variance among groups, thus representing a composite learning measure. This PC1 revealed that EGCG or EE alone had no significant effect. However, combined EE-EGCG significantly ameliorated learning alterations of middle age Ts65Dn mice. Interestingly, PCA revealed an increased variability along learning sessions with good and poor learners in Ts65Dn, and this stratification did not disappear upon treatments. Our results suggest that combining EE and EGCG represents a viable therapeutic approach for amelioration of age-related cognitive decline in DS, although its efficacy may vary across individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Catuara-Solarz
- Systems Biology Program, Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain ; Centre for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Espinosa-Carrasco
- Systems Biology Program, Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain ; Centre for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain ; Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Comparative Bioinformatics, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ionas Erb
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain ; Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Comparative Bioinformatics, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Neurosciences Research Program, Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya/BARCELONATECH Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cedric Notredame
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain ; Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Comparative Bioinformatics, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R Gonzalez
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Comparative Bioinformatics, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain ; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Systems Biology Program, Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain ; Centre for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras Barcelona, Spain
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45
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Stringer M, Abeysekera I, Dria KJ, Roper RJ, Goodlett CR. Low dose EGCG treatment beginning in adolescence does not improve cognitive impairment in a Down syndrome mouse model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 138:70-9. [PMID: 26363314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21 causes intellectual disabilities in humans and the Ts65Dn DS mouse model is deficient in learning and memory tasks. DYRK1A is triplicated in DS and Ts65Dn mice. Ts65Dn mice were given up to ~20mg/kg/day epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a Dyrk1a inhibitor, or water beginning on postnatal day 24 and continuing for three or seven weeks, and were tested on a series of behavioral and learning tasks, including a novel balance beam test. Ts65Dn as compared to control mice exhibited higher locomotor activity, impaired novel object recognition, impaired balance beam and decreased spatial learning and memory. Neither EGCG treatment improved performance of the Ts65Dn mice on these tasks. Ts65Dn mice had a non-significant increase in Dyrk1a activity in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Given the translational value of the Ts65Dn mouse model, further studies will be needed to identify the EGCG doses (and mechanisms) that may improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Stringer
- Department of Psychology, IUPUI, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Irushi Abeysekera
- Department of Biology, IUPUI, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Karl J Dria
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, IUPUI, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, IUPUI, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States.
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, IUPUI, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
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46
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Blazek JD, Abeysekera I, Li J, Roper RJ. Rescue of the abnormal skeletal phenotype in Ts65Dn Down syndrome mice using genetic and therapeutic modulation of trisomic Dyrk1a. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5687-96. [PMID: 26206885 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 causes skeletal alterations in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), but the causative trisomic gene and a therapeutic approach to rescue these abnormalities are unknown. Individuals with DS display skeletal alterations including reduced bone mineral density, modified bone structure and distinctive facial features. Due to peripheral skeletal anomalies and extended longevity, individuals with DS are increasingly more susceptible to bone fractures. Understanding the genetic and developmental origin of DS skeletal abnormalities would facilitate the development of therapies to rescue these and other deficiencies associated with DS. DYRK1A is found in three copies in individuals with DS and Ts65Dn DS mice and has been hypothesized to be involved in many Trisomy 21 phenotypes including skeletal abnormalities. Return of Dyrk1a copy number to normal levels in Ts65Dn mice rescued the appendicular bone abnormalities, suggesting that appropriate levels of DYRK1A expression are critical for the development and maintenance of the DS appendicular skeleton. Therapy using the DYRK1A inhibitor epigallocatechin-3-gallate improved Ts65Dn skeletal phenotypes. These outcomes suggest that the osteopenic phenotype associated with DS may be rescued postnatally by targeting trisomic Dyrk1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Blazek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Irushi Abeysekera
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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47
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Stagni F, Giacomini A, Guidi S, Ciani E, Bartesaghi R. Timing of therapies for Down syndrome: the sooner, the better. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:265. [PMID: 26500515 PMCID: PMC4594009 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is the unavoidable hallmark of Down syndrome (DS), with a heavy impact on public health. Accumulating evidence shows that DS is characterized by numerous neurodevelopmental alterations among which the reduction of neurogenesis, dendritic hypotrophy and connectivity alterations appear to play a particularly prominent role. Although the mechanisms whereby gene triplication impairs brain development in DS have not been fully clarified, it is theoretically possible to correct trisomy-dependent defects with targeted pharmacotherapies. This review summarizes what we know about the effects of pharmacotherapies during different life stages in mouse models of DS. Since brain alterations in DS start to be present prenatally, the prenatal period represents an optimum window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions. Importantly, recent studies clearly show that treatment during the prenatal period can rescue overall brain development and behavior and that this effect outlasts treatment cessation. Although late therapies are unlikely to exert drastic changes in the brain, they may have an impact on the hippocampus, a brain region where neurogenesis continues throughout life. Indeed, treatment at adult life stages improves or even rescues hippocampal neurogenesis and connectivity and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, although the duration of these effects still remains, in the majority of cases, a matter of investigation. The exciting discovery that trisomy-linked brain abnormalities can be prevented with early interventions gives us reason to believe that treatments during pregnancy may rescue brain development in fetuses with DS. For this reason we deem it extremely important to expedite the discovery of additional therapies practicable in humans in order to identify the best treatment/s in terms of efficacy and paucity of side effects. Prompt achievement of this goal is the big challenge for the scientific community of researchers interested in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
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48
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Begenisic T, Sansevero G, Baroncelli L, Cioni G, Sale A. Early environmental therapy rescues brain development in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:409-419. [PMID: 26244989 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic disorder associated with intellectual disabilities, is an untreatable condition characterized by a number of developmental defects and permanent deficits in the adulthood. Ts65Dn mice, the major animal model for DS, display severe cognitive and synaptic plasticity defects closely resembling the human phenotype. Here, we employed a multidisciplinary approach to investigate, for the first time in developing Ts65Dn mice, the effects elicited by early environmental enrichment (EE) on brain maturation and function. We report that exposure to EE resulted in a robust increase in maternal care levels displayed by Ts65Dn mothers and led to a normalization of declarative memory abilities and hippocampal plasticity in trisomic offspring. The positive effects of EE on Ts65Dn phenotype were not limited to the cognitive domain, but also included a rescue of visual system maturation. The beneficial EE effects were accompanied by increased BDNF and correction of over-expression of the GABA vesicular transporter vGAT. These findings highlight the beneficial impact of early environmental stimuli and their potential for application in the treatment of major functional deficits in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris, University of Pisa, Calambrone, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
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49
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Fuchs C, Rimondini R, Viggiano R, Trazzi S, De Franceschi M, Bartesaghi R, Ciani E. Inhibition of GSK3β rescues hippocampal development and learning in a mouse model of CDKL5 disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:298-310. [PMID: 26143616 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene have been identified in a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset seizures, severe developmental delay, intellectual disability and Rett syndrome-like features. CDKL5 is highly expressed in the brain during early postnatal stages, suggesting its importance for brain maturation. Using a newly-generated Cdkl5 knockout (Cdkl5 -/Y) mouse, we recently found that loss of Cdkl5 impairs postnatal hippocampal development with a reduction in neuronal precursor survival and maturation. These defects were accompanied by increased activity of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) a crucial inhibitory regulator of many neurodevelopmental processes. The goal of the current study was to establish whether inhibition of GSK3β corrects hippocampal developmental defects due to Cdkl5 loss. We found that treatment with the GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 restored neuronal precursor survival, dendritic maturation, connectivity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in the Cdkl5 -/Y mouse. Importantly, these effects were retained one month after treatment cessation. At present, there are no therapeutic strategies to improve the neurological defects of subjects with CDKL5 disorder. Current results point at GSK3β inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools for the improvement of abnormal brain development in CDKL5 disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocchina Viggiano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna De Franceschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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50
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Souchet B, Latour A, Gu Y, Daubigney F, Paul JL, Delabar JM, Janel N. Molecular rescue of DYRK1A overexpression in cystathionine beta synthase-deficient mouse brain by enriched environment combined with voluntary exercise. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 55:318-23. [PMID: 24819931 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia resulting from cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) deficiency can produce cognitive dysfunction. We recently found that CBS-deficient mice exhibit increased expression of the serine/threonine kinase dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) in the brain. When dysregulated, DYRK1A contributes to the neurodegeneration, neuronal death, and loss of function observed in neurodegenerative diseases. However, brain plasticity can be improved by interventions like enriched environment combined with voluntary exercise (EE/VE). The present study sought to assess the effects of EE/VE on molecular mechanisms linked to DYRK1A overexpression in the brain of CBS-deficient mice. EE/VE was applied to 3-month-old female CBS-deficient mice for 1 month. Without intervention, CBS-deficient mice exhibited increased DYRK1A and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the cortex and hippocampus. However, EE/VE rescued these altered DYRK1A and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of CBS-deficient mice. We conclude that exercise combined with enriched environment can restore the altered molecular mechanisms in the brain of CBS-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Souchet
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251 CNRS, 75205, Paris, France
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