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Xue Y, Xu P, Hu Y, Liu S, Yan R, Liu S, Li Y, Liu J, Fu T, Li Z. Stress systems exacerbate the inflammatory response after corneal abrasion in sleep-deprived mice via the IL-17 signaling pathway. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:323-345. [PMID: 38428739 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has a wide range of adverse health effects. However, the mechanisms by which SD influences corneal pathophysiology and its post-wound healing remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the basic physiological characteristics of the cornea in mice subjected to SD and determine the pathophysiological response to injury after corneal abrasion. Using a multi-platform water environment method as an SD model, we found that SD leads to disturbances of corneal proliferative, sensory, and immune homeostasis as well as excessive inflammatory response and delayed repair after corneal abrasion by inducing hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Pathophysiological changes in the cornea mainly occurred through the activation of the IL-17 signaling pathway. Blocking both adrenergic and glucocorticoid synthesis and locally neutralizing IL-17A significantly improved corneal homeostasis and the excessive inflammatory response and delay in wound repair following corneal injury in SD-treated mice. These results indicate that optimal sleep quality is essential for the physiological homeostasis of the cornea and its well-established repair process after injury. Additionally, these observations provide potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate SD-induced delays in corneal wound repair by inhibiting or blocking the activation of the stress system and its associated IL-17 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyang Xu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Nanyang Second General Hospital, Nanyang City, Henan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shutong Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Slutsky I. Linking activity dyshomeostasis and sleep disturbances in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:272-284. [PMID: 38374463 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The presymptomatic phase of Alzheimer disease (AD) starts with the deposition of amyloid-β in the cortex and begins a decade or more before the emergence of cognitive decline. The trajectory towards dementia and neurodegeneration is shaped by the pathological load and the resilience of neural circuits to the effects of this pathology. In this Perspective, I focus on recent advances that have uncovered the vulnerability of neural circuits at early stages of AD to hyperexcitability, particularly when the brain is in a low-arousal states (such as sleep and anaesthesia). Notably, this hyperexcitability manifests before overt symptoms such as sleep and memory deficits. Using the principles of control theory, I analyse the bidirectional relationship between homeostasis of neuronal activity and sleep and propose that impaired activity homeostasis during sleep leads to hyperexcitability and subsequent sleep disturbances, whereas sleep disturbances mitigate hyperexcitability via negative feedback. Understanding the interplay among activity homeostasis, neuronal excitability and sleep is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of vulnerability to and resilience against AD pathology and for identifying new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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3
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Hu Y, Lv Y, Long X, Yang G, Zhou J. Melatonin attenuates chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and HDAC3-Bmal1/clock interruption. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14474. [PMID: 37721401 PMCID: PMC10916425 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sleep is predicted as a key modulator of cognition, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on chronic rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (CRSD)-induced cognitive impairment and circadian dysfunction in rat models. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: CRSD with saline treatment, CRSD with chronic melatonin injection (20 mg/kg/day), and non-sleep-deprived control. The cognitive behavioral tests as well as the expression of clocks and HDAC3 were evaluated in all groups. RESULTS CRSD significantly reduced recognition index in novel object location, increased escape latency and distance traveling in Morris water maze while melatonin treatment attenuated CRSD-induced hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory deficits. Furthermore, the mRNAs of brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1(Bmal1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) were globally down-regulated by CRSD with constant intrinsic oscillation in both hippocampus and peripheral blood. The protein levels of hippocampal Bmal1, Clock, and HDAC3 were also remarkably down-regulated following CRSD. Melatonin treatment reversed CRSD-induced alterations of Bmal1/Clock and HDAC3 on both mRNA levels and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that melatonin treatment attenuates CRSD-induced cognitive impairment via regulating HDAC3-Bmal1/Clock interaction. These findings explore a broader understanding of the relationship between sleep and cognition and provide a potential new therapeutic target for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of NeurologyHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouChina
| | - Yefan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Guoshuai Yang
- Department of NeurologyHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouChina
| | - Jinxia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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4
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Gu X, Zhao Z, Chen X, Zhang L, Fang H, Zhao T, Ju S, Gao W, Qian X, Wang X, Zhang J, Cheng H. Imaging microglia surveillance during sleep-wake cycles in freely behaving mice. eLife 2023; 12:RP86749. [PMID: 38132088 PMCID: PMC10746140 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia surveillance manifests itself as dynamic changes in cell morphology and functional remodeling. Whether and how microglia surveillance is coupled to brain state switches during natural sleep-wake cycles remains unclear. To address this question, we used miniature two-photon microscopy (mTPM) to acquire time-lapse high-resolution microglia images of the somatosensory cortex, along with EEG/EMG recordings and behavioral video, in freely-behaving mice. We uncovered fast and robust brain state-dependent changes in microglia surveillance, occurring in parallel with sleep dynamics and early-onset phagocytic microglial contraction during sleep deprivation stress. We also detected local norepinephrine fluctuation occurring in a sleep state-dependent manner. We showed that the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, which is crucial to sleep homeostasis, is required for both sleep state-dependent and stress-induced microglial responses and β2-adrenergic receptor signaling plays a significant role in this process. These results provide direct evidence that microglial surveillance is exquisitely tuned to signals and stressors that regulate sleep dynamics and homeostasis so as to adjust its varied roles to complement those of neurons in the brain. In vivo imaging with mTPM in freely behaving animals, as demonstrated here, opens a new avenue for future investigation of microglia dynamics and sleep biology in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Gu
- PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Raygen HealthNanjingChina
- National Platform for Medical Engineering Education Integration, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Department of Histology Embryology, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xueli Chen
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Huaqiang Fang
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Ting Zhao
- PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Raygen HealthNanjingChina
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weizheng Gao
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, College of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyu Qian
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, College of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xianhua Wang
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, College of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Heping Cheng
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
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5
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Li N, Tan S, Wang Y, Deng J, Wang N, Zhu S, Tian W, Xu J, Wang Q. Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation prevents cognitive impairment in sleep-deprived mice by modulating microglial engulfment of synapses. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2252764. [PMID: 37671803 PMCID: PMC10484034 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2252764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in many neurological diseases, including mild cognitive impairment. Sleep deprivation (SD) induces cognitive decline accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiota. However, the role of gut microbiota alterations in SD-induced cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota following pretreatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics worsens SD-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation from SD mice to healthy mice induced cognitive impairment. Additionally, the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) in the mouse gut microbiota was significantly reduced after 7 days of SD. A. muciniphila pretreatment alleviated cognitive dysfunction and prevented synaptic reduction in the hippocampus in SD mice. A. muciniphila pretreatment inhibited extensive microglial activation and synaptic engulfment in the hippocampus of SD mice. Metabolomics analysis revealed that A. muciniphila pretreatment increased the serum acetate and butanoic acid levels in SD mice. Finally, pretreatment with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) inhibited microglial synaptic engulfment and prevented neuronal synaptic loss in SD mice and primary microglia-neuron co-culture following LPS stimulation. Together, our findings illustrate that gut dysbiosis plays an essential role in SD-induced cognitive impairment by activating microglial engulfment at synapses. A. muciniphila supplementation may be a novel preventative strategy for SD-induced cognitive dysfunction, by increasing SCFAs production and maintaining microglial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 95829 Military Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Xue J, Li B, Huang B, Feng H, Li X, Liang S, Yuan F, Wang S, Shi H, Shao J, Shi Y. Sex-dependent and long-lasting effects of adolescent sleep deprivation on social behaviors in adult mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 232:173657. [PMID: 37804868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that sleep deprivation (SD) can exert multiple negative effects on neuronal circuits, resulting in memory impairment, depression, and anxiety, among other consequences. The long-term effects of SD during early life on behavioral phenotypes in adulthood are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the long-lasting effects of SD in adolescence on social behaviors, including empathic ability and social dominance, and the role of the gut microbiota in these processes, using a series of behavioral paradigms in mice combined with 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Behavioral assay results showed that SD in adolescence significantly reduced the frequency of licking, the total time spent licking, and the time spent sniffing during the emotional contagion test in male mice, effects that were not observed in female mice. These findings indicated that SD in adolescence exerts long-term, negative effects on empathic ability in mice and that this effect is sex-dependent. In contrast, SD in adolescence had no significant effect on locomotor activities, social dominance but decreased social interaction in male mice in adulthood. Meanwhile, 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing results showed that gut microbial richness and diversity were significantly altered in adult male mice subjected to SD in adolescence. Our data provide direct evidence that SD in youth can induce alterations in empathic ability in adult male mice, which may be associated with changes in the gut microbiota. These findings highlight the long-lasting effects of sleep loss in adolescence on social behaviors in adulthood and the role played by the brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Xue
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Boya Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shihao Liang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Nursing School, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
| | - Juan Shao
- Department of Senile Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Diao H, Li Y, Sun W, Zhang J, Wang M, Chen Y, Zhou F, Li X. REM sleep deprivation induced by the modified multi-platform method has detrimental effects on memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114652. [PMID: 37652237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The modified multi-platform method (MMPM) is used to induce animal models of paradoxical sleep deprivation and impairs memory in rodents. However, variations in MMPM protocols have contributed to inconsistent conclusions across studies. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the variations of the MMPM and their effects on memory in rats and mice. A comprehensive search identified 60 studies, and 50 were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, the meta-analysis showed that the MMPM significantly reduced the percentage of time spent in target quadrants (I2 = 54 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = [-1.83, -1.18]) and the number of platform-area crossings (I2 = 26 %, 95 % CI = [-1.71, -1.07]) in the Morris water maze (MWM) and shortened the latency to entering the dark compartment in the passive avoidance task (I2 = 68 %, 95 % CI = [-1.36, -0.57]), but it increased the number of errors in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) (I2 = 59 %, 95 % CI = [1.29, 2.07]). Additionally, mice performed worse on the MWM, whereas rats performed worse on the passive avoidance task. More significant memory deficits were found in cross-learning and post-learning MMPM in the MWM and RAWM, respectively. This study provided evidence that the MMPM can be used in preclinical studies of memory deficits induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiong Diao
- Department of Encephalopathy, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Department of Encephalopathy, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Zhou
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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8
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Wang L, Ling H, He H, Hu N, Xiao L, Zhang Y, Xie L, You Z. Dysfunctional synaptic pruning by microglia correlates with cognitive impairment in sleep-deprived mice: Involvement of CX3CR1 signaling. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 25:100553. [PMID: 37547773 PMCID: PMC10401339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are involved in sleep/wake cycles and the response to sleep loss. Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for central nervous system circuit refinement and contributes to cognitive function. Here, we investigated whether and how microglia-mediated synaptic pruning may be involved in cognitive deficits induced by sleep deprivation in mice. Mice were deprived of sleep by leaving them in a spontaneously rotating rod for 72 h, after which their cognitive function was assessed using an object location test, Y maze, and novel object recognition test. Sleep deprivation lowered the discrimination index for familiar locations in the object location test and Y maze. Microglial morphology was assessed using immunostaining Iba1, while microglia-mediated synaptic pruning was examined based on immunostaining PSD95, CD68, and Iba1. Sleep deprivation also activated microglial cells in the hippocampus, as reflected in bigger soma as well as fewer and shorter branches than normal sleep. Sleep deprivation downregulated phagocytic markers and internalization of postsynaptic protein 95 (PSD95), suggesting impaired synaptic pruning. CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) signaling was detected in in vitro experiments. Sleep deprivation also downregulated CX3CR1. Activation of CX3CR1 signaling increased phagocytosis activity of BV2 microglia in vitro. Sleep deprivation dysregulates microglial CX3CR1 signaling and inhibits synaptic pruning, contributing to associated cognitive deficits. These findings identify CX3CR1-dependent synaptic pruning as a potential therapeutic target in which sleep deprivation causes recognition impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hanyi Ling
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hui He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Nan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Zili You
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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Malakasis N, Chavlis S, Poirazi P. Synaptic turnover promotes efficient learning in bio-realistic spiking neural networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541722. [PMID: 37292929 PMCID: PMC10245885 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While artificial machine learning systems achieve superhuman performance in specific tasks such as language processing, image and video recognition, they do so use extremely large datasets and huge amounts of power. On the other hand, the brain remains superior in several cognitively challenging tasks while operating with the energy of a small lightbulb. We use a biologically constrained spiking neural network model to explore how the neural tissue achieves such high efficiency and assess its learning capacity on discrimination tasks. We found that synaptic turnover, a form of structural plasticity, which is the ability of the brain to form and eliminate synapses continuously, increases both the speed and the performance of our network on all tasks tested. Moreover, it allows accurate learning using a smaller number of examples. Importantly, these improvements are most significant under conditions of resource scarcity, such as when the number of trainable parameters is halved and when the task difficulty is increased. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie efficient learning in the brain and can inspire the development of more efficient and flexible machine learning algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Malakasis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Spyridon Chavlis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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10
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Zhang M, Zhang M, Kou G, Li Y. The relationship between gut microbiota and inflammatory response, learning and memory in mice by sleep deprivation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1159771. [PMID: 37293204 PMCID: PMC10244646 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sleep deprivation has developed into a common phenomenon, which can lead to inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanism is ambiguous. Emerging evidence shows that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in theoccurrence and development of inflammatory and psychiatric diseases, possibly through neuroinflammation and the brain-gut axis. The current study investigated the influence of sleep deprivation on gut microbiota composition, pro-inflammatory cytokines, learning and memory in mice. Further, it explored whether changes in gut microbiota increase pro-inflammatory cytokine and induce learning and memory impairment. Methods Healthy 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the regular control group (RC), environmental control group (EC), and sleep deprivation group (SD). The sleep deprivation model was established by the Modified Multiple Platform Method. The experimental mice were subjected to sleep deprivation for 6h/d (8:00 am∼14:00 pm) in a sleep deprivation chamber, and the duration of sleep deprivation was 8 weeks. Morris water maze test to assess learning and memory in mice. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay determined the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. The changes in gut microbiota in mice were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results We found that SD mice had elevated latency of exploration to reach the hidden platform (p>0.05) and significantly decreased traversing times, swimming distance, and swimming time in the target zone when the hidden platform was removed (p<0.05). Sleep deprivation caused dysregulated expression in serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in mice, and the difference was significant (all p<0.001). Tannerellaceae, Rhodospirillales, Alistipes, and Parabacteroides were significantly increased in SD mice. Correlation analysis showed IL-1β was positively correlated with the abundance of Muribaculaceae (r=0.497, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae (r=-0.583, p<0.05). The TNF-α was positively correlated with the abundances of Erysipelotrichaceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Tannerellaceae (r=0.492, r=0.646, r=0.726, all p<0.05). Conclusion Sleep deprivation can increase pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and learning and memory impairment in mice and may be caused by the disorder of the microbiota. These findings of this study may open avenues for potential interventions that can relieve the detrimental consequences of sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangning Kou
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Carvalhas-Almeida C, Serra J, Moita J, Cavadas C, Álvaro AR. Understanding neuron-glia crosstalk and biological clocks in insomnia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105100. [PMID: 36804265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, about one-third of the population experiences insomnia symptoms, and about 10-15% suffer from chronic insomnia, the most common sleep disorder. Sleeping difficulties associated with insomnia are often linked to chronic sleep deprivation, which has a negative health impact partly due to disruption in the internal synchronisation of biological clocks. These are regulated by clock genes and modulate most biological processes. Most studies addressing circadian rhythm regulation have focused on the role of neurons, yet glial cells also impact circadian rhythms and sleep regulation. Chronic insomnia and sleep loss have been associated with glial cell activation, exacerbated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, altered neuronal metabolism and synaptic plasticity, accelerated age-related processes and decreased lifespan. It is, therefore, essential to highlight the importance of glia-neuron interplay on sleep/circadian regulation and overall healthy brain function. Hence, in this review, we aim to address the main neurobiological mechanisms involved in neuron-glia crosstalk, with an emphasis on microglia and astrocytes, in both healthy sleep, chronic sleep deprivation and chronic insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Carvalhas-Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Serra
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Moita
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Sleep Deprivation Induces Dopamine System Maladaptation and Escalated Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor Signaling in Adolescent Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3190-3209. [PMID: 36813955 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disruption is highly associated with the pathogenesis and progression of a wild range of psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, appreciable evidence shows that experimental sleep deprivation (SD) on humans and rodents evokes anomalies in the dopaminergic (DA) signaling, which are also implicated in the development of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia or substance abuse. Since adolescence is a vital period for the maturation of the DA system as well as the occurrence of mental disorders, the present studies aimed to investigate the impacts of SD on the DA system of adolescent mice. We found that 72 h SD elicited a hyperdopaminergic status, with increased sensitivity to the novel environment and amphetamine (Amph) challenge. Also, altered neuronal activity and expression of striatal DA receptors were noticed in the SD mice. Moreover, 72 h SD influenced the immune status in the striatum, with reduced microglial phagocytic capacity, primed microglial activation, and neuroinflammation. The abnormal neuronal and microglial activity were putatively provoked by the enhanced corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling and sensitivity during the SD period. Together, our findings demonstrated the consequences of SD in adolescents including aberrant neuroendocrine, DA system, and inflammatory status. Sleep insufficiency is a risk factor for the aberration and neuropathology of psychiatric disorders.
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13
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Disturbance of REM sleep exacerbates microglial activation in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 200:107737. [PMID: 36813079 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Although both nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep loss and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep loss exacerbate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, they exert different effects. Microglial activation can be beneficial or detrimental to AD patients under different conditions. However, few studies have investigated which sleep stage is the main regulator of microglial activation or the downstream effects of this activation. We aimed to explore the roles of different sleep phases in microglial activation and to investigate the possible effect of microglial activation on AD pathology. In this study, thirty-six 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice were equally divided into 3 groups: the stress control (SC), total sleep deprivation (TSD), and REM deprivation (RD) groups. All mice underwent a 48-hour intervention before their spatial memory was assessed using a Morris water maze (MWM). Then, microglial morphology, activation- and synapse-related protein expression, and inflammatory cytokine and amyloid β (Aβ) levels in hippocampal tissues were measured. We found that the RD and TSD groups exhibited worse spatial memory in the MWM tests. In addition, the RD and TSD groups showed greater microglial activation, higher inflammatory cytokine levels, lower synapse-related protein expression and more severe Aβ accumulation than the SC group, but there were no significant differences between the RD and TSD groups. This study demonstrates that disturbance of REM sleep may activate microglia in APP/PS1 mice. These activated microglia may promote neuroinflammation and engulf synapses but show a weakened ability to clear plaques.
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14
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Steffens SK, Stenberg TH, Wigren HKM. Alterations in microglial morphology concentrate in the habitual sleeping period of the mouse. Glia 2023; 71:366-376. [PMID: 36196985 PMCID: PMC10092278 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In nocturnal animals, waking appears during the dark period while maximal non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) with electroencephalographic slow-wave-activity (SWA) takes place at the beginning of the light period. Vigilance states associate with variable levels of neuronal activity: waking with high-frequency activity patterns while during NREMS, SWA influences neuronal activity in many brain areas. On a glial level, sleep deprivation modifies microglial morphology, but only few studies have investigated microglia through the physiological sleep-wake cycle. To quantify microglial morphology (territory, volume, ramification) throughout the 24 h light-dark cycle, we collected brain samples from inbred C57BL male mice (n = 51) every 3 h and applied a 3D-reconstruction method for microglial cells on the acquired confocal microscopy images. As microglia express regional heterogeneity and are influenced by local neuronal activity, we chose to investigate three interconnected and functionally well-characterized brain areas: the somatosensory cortex (SC), the dorsal hippocampus (HC), and the basal forebrain (BF). To temporally associate microglial morphology with vigilance stages, we performed a 24 h polysomnography in a separate group of animals (n = 6). In line with previous findings, microglia displayed de-ramification in the 12 h light- and hyper-ramification in the 12 h dark period. Notably, we found that the decrease in microglial features was most prominent within the early hours of the light period, co-occurring with maximal sleep SWA. By the end of the light period, all features reached maximum levels and remained steadily elevated throughout the dark period with minor regional differences. We propose that vigilance-stage specific neuronal activity, and SWA, could modify microglial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarja Helena Stenberg
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Modeling integrated stress, sleep, fear and neuroimmune responses: Relevance for understanding trauma and stress-related disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 23:100517. [PMID: 36793998 PMCID: PMC9923229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and stress have complex interactions that are implicated in both physical diseases and psychiatric disorders. These interactions can be modulated by learning and memory, and involve additional interactions with the neuroimmune system. In this paper, we propose that stressful challenges induce integrated responses across multiple systems that can vary depending on situational variables in which the initial stress was experienced, and with the ability of the individual to cope with stress- and fear-inducing challenges. Differences in coping may involve differences in resilience and vulnerability and/or whether the stressful context allows adaptive learning and responses. We provide data demonstrating both common (corticosterone, SIH and fear behaviors) and distinguishing (sleep and neuroimmune) responses that are associated with an individual's ability to respond and relative resilience and vulnerability. We discuss neurocircuitry regulating integrated stress, sleep, neuroimmune and fear responses, and show that responses can be modulated at the neural level. Finally, we discuss factors that need to be considered in models of integrated stress responses and their relevance for understanding stress-related disorders in humans.
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Tan S, Gao H, Sun J, Li N, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang M, Wang Q, Zhai Q. CD33/TREM2 Signaling Mediates Sleep Deprivation-Induced Memory Impairment by Regulating Microglial Phagocytosis. Neuromolecular Med 2023:10.1007/s12017-023-08733-6. [PMID: 36639554 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation causes significant memory impairment in healthy adults. Extensive research has focused on identifying the biological mechanisms underlying memory impairment. Microglia-mediated synaptic elimination plays an indispensable role in sleep deprivation. Here, the potential role of the CD33/TREM2 signaling pathway in modulating memory decline during chronic sleep restriction (CSR) was evaluated. In this study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were sleep-restricted using an automated sleep deprivation apparatus for 20 h per day for 7 days. The Y-maze test revealed that spontaneous alternation was significantly reduced in CSR mice compared with control mice. The percentage of exploratory preference for the novel object in CSR mice was significantly decreased compared with that in control mice. These memory deficits correlated with aberrant microglial activation and increased phagocytic ability. Moreover, in CSR mice, the CD33 protein level in hippocampal tissue was significantly downregulated, but the TREM2 protein level was increased. In BV2 microglial cells, downregulation of CD33 increased TREM2 expression and improved microglial phagocytosis. Then, the sialic ligand monosialo-ganglioside 1 (GM1, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to mice once a day during CSR. Our results further showed that GM1 activated CD33 and consequently disturbed TREM2-mediated microglial phagocytosis. Finally, GM1 reversed CSR-induced synaptic loss and memory impairment via the CD33/TREM2 signaling pathway in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. This study provides novel evidence that activating CD33 and/or inhibiting TREM2 activity represent potential therapies for sleep loss-induced memory deficits through the modulation of microglial phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianyu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qian Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Fractalkine/CX3CR1-Dependent Modulation of Synaptic and Network Plasticity in Health and Disease. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:4637073. [PMID: 36644710 PMCID: PMC9833910 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4637073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CX3CR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed exclusively by microglia within the brain parenchyma. The only known physiological CX3CR1 ligand is the chemokine fractalkine (FKN), which is constitutively expressed in neuronal cell membranes and tonically released by them. Through its key role in microglia-neuron communication, the FKN/CX3CR1 axis regulates microglial state, neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and a variety of synaptic functions, as well as neuronal excitability via cytokine release modulation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Thus, the absence of CX3CR1 or any failure in the FKN/CX3CR1 axis has been linked to alterations in different brain functions, including changes in synaptic and network plasticity in structures such as the hippocampus, cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Since synaptic plasticity is a basic phenomenon in neural circuit integration and adjustment, here, we will review its modulation by the FKN/CX3CR1 axis in diverse brain circuits and its impact on brain function and adaptation in health and disease.
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18
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Duan Q, Ni K, Jiao Y, Zhu J, Sun J, Zhang W, Ma Z. Dehydrocorydaline alleviates sleep deprivation-induced persistent postoperative pain in adolescent mice through inhibiting microglial P2Y 12 receptor expression in the spinal cord. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231216234. [PMID: 37940138 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231216234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, a second period of central nervous system (CNS) plasticity that follows the fetal period, which involves sleep deprivation (SD), becomes apparent. SD during adolescence may result in abnormal development of neural circuits, causing imbalance in neuronal excitation and inhibition, which not only results in pain, but increases the chances of developing emotion disorders in adulthood, such as anxiety and depression. The quantity of surgeries during adolescence is also consistently on the rise, yet the impact and underlying mechanism of preoperative SD on postoperative pain remain unexplored. This study demonstrates that preoperative SD induces upregulation of the P2Y12 receptor, which is exclusively expressed on spinal microglia, and phosphorylation of its downstream signaling pathway p38Mitogen-activated protein/Nuclear transcription factor-κB (p38MAPK/NF-κB)in spinal microglia, thereby promoting microglia activation and microglial transformation into the proinflammatory M1 phenotype, resulting in increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines that exacerbate persisting postoperative incisional pain in adolescent mice. Both intrathecal minocycline (a microglia activation inhibitor) and MRS2395 (a P2Y12 receptor blocker) effectively suppressed microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Interestingly, supplementation with dehydrocorydaline (DHC), an extract of Rhizoma Corydalis, inhibited the P2Y12/p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, microglia activation, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the model mice. Taken together, the results indicate that the P2Y12 receptor and microglial activation are important factors in persistent postoperative pain caused by preoperative SD in adolescent mice and that DHC has analgesic effects by acting on these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikou Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Medical College, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Medical College, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, China
| | - Qingling Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jixiang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Medical College, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Implications of fractalkine on glial function, ablation and glial proteins/receptors/markers—understanding its therapeutic usefulness in neurological settings: a narrative review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine predominantly released by neurons. As a signaling molecule, CX3CL1 facilitates talk between neurons and glia. CX3CL1 is considered as a potential target which could alleviate neuroinflammation. However, certain controversial results and ambiguous role of CX3CL1 make it inexorable to decipher the overall effects of CX3CL1 on the physiopathology of glial cells.
Main body of the abstract
Implications of cross-talk between CX3CL1 and different glial proteins/receptors/markers will give a bird eye view of the therapeutic significance of CX3CL1. Keeping with the need, this review identifies the effects of CX3CL1 on glial physiopathology, glial ablation, and gives a wide coverage on the effects of CX3CL1 on certain glial proteins/receptors/markers.
Short conclusion
Pinpoint prediction of the therapeutic effect of CX3CL1 on neuroinflammation needs further research. This is owing to certain obscure roles and implications of CX3CL1 on different glial proteins/receptors/markers, which are crucial under neurological settings. Further challenges are imposed due to the dichotomous roles played by CX3CL1. The age-old chemokine shows many newer scopes of research in near future. Thus, overall assessment of the effect of CX3CL1 becomes crucial prior to its administration in neuroinflammation.
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Liu H, Badawy M, Sun S, Cruz G, Ge S, Xiong Q. Microglial repopulation alleviates age-related decline of stable wakefulness in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:988166. [PMID: 36262885 PMCID: PMC9574185 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.988166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in wake/sleep architecture have been observed in both aged human and animal models, presumably due to various functional decay throughout the aging body particularly in the brain. Microglia have emerged as a modulator for wake/sleep architecture in the adult brain, and displayed distinct morphology and activity in the aging brain. However, the link between microglia and age-related wake/sleep changes remains elusive. In this study, we systematically examined the brain vigilance and microglia morphology in aging mice (3, 6, 12, and 18 months old), and determined how microglia affect the aging-related wake/sleep alterations in mice. We found that from young adult to aged mice there was a clear decline in stable wakefulness at nighttime, and a decrease of microglial processes length in various brain regions involved in wake/sleep regulation. The decreased stable wakefulness can be restored following the time course of microglia depletion and repopulation in the adult brain. Microglia repopulation in the aging brain restored age-related decline in stable wakefulness. Taken together, our findings suggest a link between aged microglia and deteriorated stable wakefulness in aged brains.
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Liu H, Gu Y, Ye M, Lu Q, Lu X, Huang C. Adolescent microglia stimulation produces long-lasting protection against chronic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities in adult male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:44-66. [PMID: 35781008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies had reported that microglia activation one day before stress exposure prevented the behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress in adult mice, and a 10-day interval between microglia stimulation and stress exposure can abolish the prophylactic effect of LPS preinjection on the behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress, which, however, could be rescued by repeated LPS injection. This suggests that increased stimulation of microglia results in animals developing a strong ability to prevent deleterious stress stimuli. Because microglia in the adolescent brain exhibit flexible immunological plasticity, we hypothesize that a single low-dose LPS injection during adolescence may provide long-lasting protection against behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress in adult mice. As expected, our results showed that a single injection of LPS (100 μg/kg) at post-natal day 28 (PND 28) prevented the development of abnormal behaviors and shifted neuroinflammatory responses toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype in adult mice treated with CSDS at their different stages of the age (PND 56, 140, and 252). Moreover, pretreatment with minocycline or PLX3397 to inhibit microglial activation abolished the prophylactic effect of LPS preinjection after PND 28 on behavioral abnormalities and neuroinflammatory responses induced by CSDS in adult mice at their different stages of the age, PND 56, 140, and 252. These results indicate that stimulation of microglia in adolescence may confer long-lasting protection against neuroinflammatory responses and behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress in adult mice. This may offer the potential for the development of a "vaccine-like strategy" to prevent mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng First Hospital, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minxiu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Middle Qingnian Road, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Hsieh MY, Tuan LH, Chang HC, Wang YC, Chen CH, Shy HT, Lee LJ, Gau SSF. Altered synaptic protein expression, aberrant spine morphology, and impaired spatial memory in Dlgap2 mutant mice, a genetic model of autism spectrum disorder. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4779-4793. [PMID: 36169576 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A microdeletion of approximately 2.4 Mb at the 8p23 terminal region has been identified in a Taiwanese autistic boy. Among the products transcribed/translated from genes mapped in this region, the reduction of DLGAP2, a postsynaptic scaffold protein, might be involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DLGAP2 protein was detected in the hippocampus yet abolished in homozygous Dlgap2 knockout (Dlgap2 KO) mice. In this study, we characterized the hippocampal phenotypes in Dlgap2 mutant mice. Dlgap2 KO mice exhibited impaired spatial memory, indicating poor hippocampal function in the absence of DLGAP2. Aberrant expressions of postsynaptic proteins, including PSD95, SHANK3, HOMER1, GluN2A, GluR2, mGluR1, mGluR5, βCAMKII, ERK1/2, ARC, BDNF, were noticed in Dlgap2 mutant mice. Further, the spine density was increased in Dlgap2 KO mice, while the ratio of mushroom-type spines was decreased. We also observed a thinner postsynaptic density thickness in Dlgap2 KO mice at the ultrastructural level. These structural changes found in the hippocampus of Dlgap2 KO mice might be linked to impaired hippocampus-related cognitive functions such as spatial memory. Mice with Dlgap2 deficiency, showing signs of intellectual disability, a common co-occurring condition in patients with ASD, could be a promising animal model which may advance our understanding of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Tuan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ching Chang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tzer Shy
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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LRRK2 Deficiency Aggravates Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Loss by Perturbing Synaptic Pruning in Mice. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091200. [PMID: 36138936 PMCID: PMC9496729 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with pronounced sleep disorders or cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effects of LRRK2 deficiency on sleep rhythms and sleep deprivation-related cognitive changes, and the relevant underlying mechanism, remain unrevealed. In this study, Lrrk2-/- and Lrrk2+/+ mice were subjected to normal sleep (S) or sleep deprivation (SD). Sleep recording, behavioral testing, Golgi-cox staining, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR were employed to evaluate the impacts of LRRK2 deficiency on sleep behaviors and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that after SD, LRRK2-deficient mice displayed lengthened NREM and shortened REM, and reported decreased dendritic spines, increased microglial activation, and synaptic endocytosis in the prefrontal cortex. Meanwhile, after SD, LRRK2 deficiency aggravated cognitive impairments, especially in the recall memory cued by fear conditioning test. Our findings evidence that LRRK2 modulates REM/NREM sleep and its deficiency may exacerbate sleep deprivation-related cognitive disorders by perturbing synaptic plasticity and microglial synaptic pruning in mice.
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24
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Wei R, Duan X, Guo L. Effects of sleep deprivation on coronary heart disease. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:297-305. [PMID: 36039730 PMCID: PMC9437362 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.5.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of artificial light enables humans to be active 24 h a day. Many people across the globe live in a social culture that encourages staying up late to meet the demands of various activities, such as work and school. Sleep deprivation (SD) is a severe health problem in modern society. Meanwhile, as with cardiometabolic disease, there was an obvious tendency that coronary heart disease (CHD) to become a global epidemic chronic disease. Specifically, SD can significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of CHD. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effects of SD on CHD are multilayered and complex. Inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and endothelial function all contribute to cardiovascular lesions. In this review, the effects of SD on CHD development are summarized, and SD-related pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions is discussed. In general, early assessment of SD played a vital role in preventing the harmful consequences of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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25
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Bayo Jimenez MT, Frenis K, Hahad O, Steven S, Cohen G, Cuadrado A, Münzel T, Daiber A. Protective actions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and downstream pathways against environmental stressors. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:72-91. [PMID: 35613665 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental risk factors, including noise, air pollution, chemical agents, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and mental stress have a considerable impact on human health. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key players in molecular pathomechanisms of environmental pollution and risk factors. In this review, we delineate the impact of environmental risk factors and the protective actions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in connection to oxidative stress and inflammation. We focus on well-established studies that demonstrate the protective actions of NRF2 and its downstream pathways against different environmental stressors. State-of-the-art mechanistic considerations on NRF2 signaling are discussed in detail, e.g. classical concepts like KEAP1 oxidation/electrophilic modification, NRF2 ubiquitination and degradation. Specific focus is also laid on NRF2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction with detailed presentation of the protective down-stream pathways of heme oxygenase-1, including interaction with BACH1 system. The significant impact of all environmental stressors on the circadian rhythm and the interactions of NRF2 with the circadian clock will also be considered here. A broad range of NRF2 activators is discussed in relation to environmental stressor-induced health side effects, thereby suggesting promising new mitigation strategies (e.g. by nutraceuticals) to fight the negative effects of the environment on our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Insitute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, 86910, Israel; Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat, 8855630, Israel
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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26
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Xiao SY, Liu YJ, Lu W, Sha ZW, Xu C, Yu ZH, Lee SD. Possible Neuropathology of Sleep Disturbance Linking to Alzheimer's Disease: Astrocytic and Microglial Roles. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:875138. [PMID: 35755779 PMCID: PMC9218054 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.875138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances not only deteriorate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progress by affecting cognitive states but also accelerate the neuropathological changes of AD. Astrocytes and microglia are the principal players in the regulation of both sleep and AD. We proposed that possible astrocyte-mediated and microglia-mediated neuropathological changes of sleep disturbances linked to AD, such as astrocytic adenosinergic A1, A2, and A3 regulation; astrocytic dopamine and serotonin; astrocyte-mediated proinflammatory status (TNFα); sleep disturbance-attenuated microglial CX3CR1 and P2Y12; microglial Iba-1 and astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); and microglia-mediated proinflammatory status (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα). Furthermore, astrocytic and microglial amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in AD were reviewed, such as astrocytic Aβ interaction in AD; astrocyte-mediated proinflammation in AD; astrocytic interaction with Aβ in the central nervous system (CNS); astrocytic apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-induced Aβ clearance in AD, as well as microglial Aβ clearance and aggregation in AD; proinflammation-induced microglial Aβ aggregation in AD; microglial-accumulated tau in AD; and microglial ApoE and TREM2 in AD. We reviewed astrocytic and microglial roles in AD and sleep, such as astrocyte/microglial-mediated proinflammation in AD and sleep; astrocytic ApoE in sleep and AD; and accumulated Aβ-triggered synaptic abnormalities in sleep disturbance. This review will provide a possible astrocytic and microglial mechanism of sleep disturbance linked to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Xiao
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jie Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Department of Traditional Treatment, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Sha
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Che Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Webb J, Arnold TD, Rosi S, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Microglia are involved in the protection of memories formed during sleep deprivation. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 12:100073. [PMID: 35028489 PMCID: PMC8741522 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation can generate inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. In turn, this inflammation increases sleep drive, leading to a rebound in sleep duration. Microglia, the innate immune cells found exclusively in the CNS, have previously been found to release inflammatory signals and exhibit altered characteristics in response to sleep deprivation. Together, this suggests that microglia may be partially responsible for the brain's response to sleep deprivation through their inflammatory activity. In this study, we ablated microglia from the mouse brain and assessed resulting sleep, circadian, and sleep deprivation phenotypes. We find that microglia are dispensable for both homeostatic sleep and circadian function and the sleep rebound response to sleep deprivation. However, we uncover a phenomenon by which microglia appear to be essential for the protection of fear-conditioning memories formed during the recovery sleep period following a period of sleep deprivation. This phenomenon occurs potentially through the upregulation of synaptic-homeostasis related genes to protect nascent dendritic spines that may be otherwise removed or downscaled during recovery sleep. These findings further expand the list of known functions for microglia in synaptic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas D. Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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28
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Sunkaria A, Bhardwaj S. Sleep Disturbance and Alzheimer's Disease: The Glial Connection. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1799-1815. [PMID: 35303225 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poor quality and quantity of sleep are very common in elderly people throughout the world. Growing evidence has suggested that sleep disturbances could accelerate the process of neurodegeneration. Recent reports have shown a positive correlation between sleep deprivation and amyloid-β (Aβ)/tau aggregation in the brain of Alzheimer's patients. Glial cells have long been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and recent findings have also suggested their role in regulating sleep homeostasis. However, how glial cells control the sleep-wake balance and exactly how disturbed sleep may act as a trigger for Alzheimer's or other neurological disorders have recently gotten attention. In an attempt to connect the dots, the present review has highlighted the role of glia-derived sleep regulatory molecules in AD pathogenesis. Role of glia in sleep disturbance and Alzheimer's progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Supriya Bhardwaj
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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29
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Hernandez LM, Kim M, Hernandez C, Thompson W, Fan CC, Galván A, Dapretto M, Bookheimer SY, Fuligni A, Gandal MJ. Decoupling Sleep and Brain Size in Childhood: An Investigation of Genetic Covariation in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 3:139-148. [PMID: 36712562 PMCID: PMC9874135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood sleep problems are common and among the most frequent and impairing comorbidities of childhood psychiatric disorders. In adults, sleep disturbances are heritable and show strong genetic associations with brain morphology; however, little is known about the genetic architecture of childhood sleep and potential etiological links between sleep, brain development, and pediatric-onset psychiatric symptoms. Methods Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (n Phenotype = 4428 for discovery/replication, n Genetics = 4728; age 9-10 years), we assessed phenotypic relationships, heritability, and genetic correlations between childhood sleep disturbances (insomnia, arousal, breathing, somnolence, hyperhidrosis, sleep-wake transitions), brain size (surface area, cortical thickness, volume), and dimensional psychopathology. Results Sleep disturbances showed widespread positive associations with multiple domains of childhood psychopathology; however, only insomnia showed replicable associations with smaller brain surface area. Among the sleep disturbances assessed, only insomnia showed significant heritability (h 2 SNP = 0.15, p < .05) and showed substantial genetic correlations with externalizing and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology (r G s > 0.80, ps < .05). We found no evidence of genetic correlation between childhood insomnia and brain size. Furthermore, polygenic risk scores calculated from genome-wide association studies of adult insomnia and adult brain size did not predict childhood insomnia; instead, polygenic risk scores trained using attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder genome-wide association studies predicted decreased surface area at baseline as well as insomnia and externalizing symptoms longitudinally. Conclusions Findings demonstrate a distinct genetic architecture underlying childhood insomnia and brain size and suggest genetic overlap between childhood insomnia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology. Additional research is needed to examine how genetic risk manifests in altered developmental trajectories and comorbid sleep/psychiatric symptoms across adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M. Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Leanna Hernandez, Ph.D.
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cristian Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan Y. Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Fuligni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael J. Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Address correspondence to Michael J. Gandal, M.D., Ph.D.
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30
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Tsao CY, Tuan LH, Lee LJH, Liu CM, Hwu HG, Lee LJ. Impaired response to sleep deprivation in heterozygous Disc1 mutant mice. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:55-66. [PMID: 33783301 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1907724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep/circadian rhythm disturbances are environmental stress factors that might interact with genetic risk factors and contribute to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. METHODS In this study, the multiple-platform method was used to induce sleep deprivation (SD). We evaluated the impact of 72-hour SD in behavioural, anatomical, and biochemical aspects in heterozygous Disc1 mutant (Disc1 Het) mice, an animal model of schizophrenia. RESULTS The sleep pattern and circadian activity were not altered in Disc1 Het mice. Yet, we observed differential responses to SD stress between genotypes. Increased microglial density and reduced neuronal proliferative activity were found in the dentate gyrus, a neurogenic niche, in Het-SD mice. Notably, SD-induced Bdnf mRNA elevations were evident in both WT and Het mice, while only in WT-SD mice did we observe increased BDNF protein expression. Our results suggested an SD-induced physical response featured by the elevation of BDNF protein expression to counteract the harmful influences of SD and sufficient DISC1 is required in this process. CONCLUSIONS The present study proposes that sleep disturbance could be pathogenic especially in genetically predisposed subjects who fail to cope with the stress. Potential therapeutic strategies for psychiatric disorders targeting the mRNA translation machinery could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Tuan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Departments of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Neurology and Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Ph.D. Program of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Korzhevskii DE, Tsyba DL, Kirik OV, Alekseeva OS. A Comparison of Microglia Detection in Mammals and Humans Using Purinergic Receptor P2Y12 Labeling. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302105001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Irfan M, Evonuk KS, DeSilva TM. Microglia phagocytose oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and synapses during early postnatal development: implications for white versus gray matter maturation. FEBS J 2021; 289:2110-2127. [PMID: 34496137 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging roles for microglia in modifying normal brain development continue to provide new perspectives on the functions of this resident immune cell in the brain. While the molecular underpinnings driving microglia's position in regulating developmental programs remain largely an unchartered territory, innate immune signaling lies at the forefront. At least three innate immune receptors expressed on microglia-fractalkine, complement, and triggering receptor expressed on microglia (TREM2)-modulate developmental synaptic pruning to refine brain circuitry. Our laboratory recently published that microglia with a unique amoeboid morphology invade the corpus callosum and engulf oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) during early postnatal development before myelination in a fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1)-dependent manner to modulate ensheathment of axons. Amoeboid microglia are observed in the corpus callosum but not cerebral cortex, and lose their amoeboid shape at the commencement of myelination assuming a resting phenotype. Furthermore, OPCs contacted or engulfed by microglia do not express markers of cell death suggesting a novel homeostatic mechanism facilitating an appropriate OPC:axon ratio for proper myelin ensheathment. The unique morphology of microglia and the restricted window for phagocytic engulfment of OPCs suggest a critical period for OPC engulfment important for action potential propagation during development when activity-dependent mechanisms regulate synaptic pruning. In this review, we summarize the role of activity-dependent mechanisms in sculpting brain circuitry, how myelin ensheathment influences action potential propagation, the spatial and temporal relationship of microglia-dependent elimination of OPCs and synapses, and implications for the synergistic role of microglial phagocytosis in shaping the architecture for neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kirsten S Evonuk
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tara M DeSilva
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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33
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Corsi G, Picard K, di Castro MA, Garofalo S, Tucci F, Chece G, Del Percio C, Golia MT, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Decoeur F, Lauro C, Rigamonti M, Iannello F, Ragozzino DA, Russo E, Bernardini G, Nadjar A, Tremblay ME, Babiloni C, Maggi L, Limatola C. Microglia modulate hippocampal synaptic transmission and sleep duration along the light/dark cycle. Glia 2021; 70:89-105. [PMID: 34487590 PMCID: PMC9291950 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, actively contribute to the homeostasis of cerebral parenchyma by sensing neuronal activity and supporting synaptic remodeling and plasticity. While several studies demonstrated different roles for astrocytes in sleep, the contribution of microglia in the regulation of sleep/wake cycle and in the modulation of synaptic activity in the different day phases has not been deeply investigated. Using light as a zeitgeber cue, we studied the effects of microglial depletion with the colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor antagonist PLX5622 on the sleep/wake cycle and on hippocampal synaptic transmission in male mice. Our data demonstrate that almost complete microglial depletion increases the duration of NREM sleep and reduces the hippocampal excitatory neurotransmission. The fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 plays a relevant role in these effects, because cx3cr1GFP/GFP mice recapitulate what found in PLX5622‐treated mice. Furthermore, during the light phase, microglia express lower levels of cx3cr1 and a reduction of cx3cr1 expression is also observed when cultured microglial cells are stimulated by ATP, a purinergic molecule released during sleep. Our findings suggest that microglia participate in the regulation of sleep, adapting their cx3cr1 expression in response to the light/dark phase, and modulating synaptic activity in a phase‐dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Corsi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Tucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC, International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC, International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Decoeur
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Agnès Nadjar
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology, Inflammaging, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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34
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Liu H, Wang X, Chen L, Chen L, Tsirka SE, Ge S, Xiong Q. Microglia modulate stable wakefulness via the thalamic reticular nucleus in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4646. [PMID: 34330901 PMCID: PMC8324895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are important for brain homeostasis and immunity, but their role in regulating vigilance remains unclear. We employed genetic, physiological, and metabolomic methods to examine microglial involvement in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. Microglial depletion decreased stable nighttime wakefulness in mice by increasing transitions between wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the sleep-wake behavior closely correlated with diurnal variation of the brain ceramide, which disappeared in microglia-depleted mice. Ceramide preferentially influenced microglia in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), and local depletion of TRN microglia produced similar impaired wakefulness. Chemogenetic manipulations of anterior TRN neurons showed that they regulated transitions between wakefulness and NREM sleep. Their firing capacity was suppressed by both microglial depletion and added ceramide. In microglia-depleted mice, activating anterior TRN neurons or inhibiting ceramide production both restored stable wakefulness. These findings demonstrate that microglia can modulate stable wakefulness through anterior TRN neurons via ceramide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Qiaojie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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35
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Huang Y, Jiang H, Zheng Q, Fok AHK, Li X, Lau CG, Lai CSW. Environmental enrichment or selective activation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons ameliorates synaptic and behavioral deficits in animal models with schizophrenia-like behaviors during adolescence. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2533-2552. [PMID: 33473150 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic deficit-induced excitation and inhibition (E/I) imbalance have been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy, we examined the dynamic plasticity of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons (PNs) and "en passant" axonal bouton of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVINs) in the frontal association (FrA) cortex in two adolescent mouse models with schizophrenia-like behaviors. Simultaneous imaging of PN dendritic spines and PV axonal boutons showed that repeated exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK801 during adolescence disrupted the normal developmental balance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic structures. This MK801-induced structural E/I imbalance significantly correlated with animal recognition memory deficits and could be ameliorated by environmental enrichment (EE). In addition, selective chemogenetic activation of PVINs in the FrA mimicked the effects of EE on both synaptic plasticity and animal behavior, while selective inhibition of PVIN abolished EE's beneficial effects. Electrophysiological recordings showed that chronic MK801 treatment significantly suppressed the frequency of mEPSC/mIPSC ratio of layer (L) 2/3 PNs and significantly reduced the resting membrane potential of PVINs, the latter was rescued by selective activation of PVINs. Such manipulations of PVINs also showed similar effects in PV-Cre; ErbB4fl/fl animal model with schizophrenia-like behaviors. EE or selective activation of PVINs in the FrA restored behavioral deficits and structural E/I imbalance in adolescent PV-Cre; ErbB4fl/fl mice, while selective inhibition of PVINs abolished EE's beneficial effects. Our findings suggest that the PVIN activity in the FrA plays a crucial role in regulating excitatory and inhibitory synaptic structural dynamics and animal behaviors, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hehai Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Qiyu Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Hiu Ka Fok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Geoffrey Lau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Cora Sau Wan Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Brain Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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36
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Hall S, Deurveilher S, Robertson GS, Semba K. Homeostatic state of microglia in a rat model of chronic sleep restriction. Sleep 2021; 43:5849344. [PMID: 32474610 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) negatively impacts brain functions. Whether microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play any role is unknown. We studied microglia responses to CSR using a rat model featuring slowly rotating wheels (3 h on/1 h off), which was previously shown to induce both homeostatic and adaptive responses in sleep and attention. Adult male rats were sleep restricted for 27 or 99 h. Control rats were housed in locked wheels. After 27 and/or 99 h of CSR, the number of cells immunoreactive for the microglia marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1) and the density of Iba1 immunoreactivity were increased in 4/10 brain regions involved in sleep/wake regulation and cognition, including the prelimbic cortex, central amygdala, perifornical lateral hypothalamic area, and dorsal raphe nucleus. CSR neither induced mitosis in microglia (assessed with bromodeoxyuridine) nor impaired blood-brain barrier permeability (assessed with Evans Blue). Microglia appeared ramified in all treatment groups and, when examined quantitatively in the prelimbic cortex, their morphology was not affected by CSR. After 27 h, but not 99 h, of CSR, mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 were increased in the frontal cortex. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) were unchanged. Furthermore, cortical microglia were not immunoreactive for several pro- and anti-inflammatory markers tested, but were immunoreactive for the purinergic P2Y12 receptor. These results suggest that microglia respond to CSR while remaining in a physiological state and may contribute to the previously reported homeostatic and adaptive responses to CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Hall
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Samüel Deurveilher
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kazue Semba
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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37
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Tuan LH, Tsao CY, Lee LJH, Lee LJ. Voluntary exercise ameliorates synaptic pruning deficits in sleep-deprived adolescent mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:96-110. [PMID: 33358980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development and adequate sleep during this period is essential for physical function and mental health. Emerging evidence has detailed the neurological impacts of sleep insufficiency on adolescents, as was unveiled by our previous study, microglia, one of the crucial contributors to synaptic pruning, is functionally disrupted by lack of sleep. Here, we provided evidence featuring the protective effect and the underlying mechanisms of voluntary exercise (VE) on microglial functions in an adolescent 72 h sleep deprivation (SD) model. We identified that the aberrant hippocampal neuronal activity and impaired short-term memory performance in sleep-deprived mice were prevented by 11 days of VE. VE significantly normalized the SD-induced dendritic spine increment and maintained the microglial phagocytic ability in sleep-deprived mice. Moreover, we found that the amendment of the noradrenergic signal in the central nervous system may explain the preventative effects of VE on the abnormalities of microglial and neuronal functions caused by SD. These data suggested that VE may confer protection to the microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in the sleep-deprived adolescent brains. Therefore, physical exercise could be a beneficial health practice for the adolescents that copes the adverse influence of inevitable sleep insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Heng Tuan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yu Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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38
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Sominsky L, Dangel T, Malik S, De Luca SN, Singewald N, Spencer SJ. Microglial ablation in rats disrupts the circadian system. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21195. [PMID: 33200466 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001555rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the key neuroimmune cells of the central nervous system, are best known for their function in defending an individual from pathogens and injury. Recent findings, including our own, suggest microglia also have several immune-independent roles, including in regulating satiety, promoting memory, and modifying pain responses. Many of these microglia-associated functions are affected by circadian rhythmicity, thus, varying substantially depending upon the time of day. To gain further insight into this link, we used a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model to acutely deplete microglia and examined if this could lead to a disruption in diurnal temperature, metabolism, and activity measures. We also examined if differences in the physiological rhythms corresponded with changes in the expression of key circadian rhythm-regulating genes and proteins. Our data show that in the absence of microglia there is a pronounced disruption of diurnal rhythms in several domains consistent with a shift toward the inactive phase, in conjunction with changes in circadian rhythm-regulating genes and proteins. These data suggest microglia are involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms and indicate an exciting potential to manipulate these cells to improve disrupted circadian rhythms such as with shift-work or jet-lag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Dangel
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sajida Malik
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone N De Luca
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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39
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Smith C, Trageser KJ, Wu H, Herman FJ, Iqbal UH, Sebastian-Valverde M, Frolinger T, Zeng E, Pasinetti GM. Anxiolytic effects of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in a model of chronic sleep deprivation. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:52. [PMID: 33446652 PMCID: PMC7809257 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is a form of stress that provokes both inflammatory responses and neuropsychiatric disorders. Because persistent inflammation is implicated as a physiological process in anxiety disorders, we investigated the contributions of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling to anxiety and anxiolytic properties of flavanol diets in a model of chronic sleep deprivation. The results show a flavanol-rich dietary preparation (FDP) exhibits anxiolytic properties by attenuating markers of neuroimmune activation, which included IL-1β upregulation, NLRP3 signaling, and microglia activation in the cortex and hippocampus of sleep-deprived mice. Production of IL-1β and NLRP3 were critical for both anxiety phenotypes and microglia activation. Individual FDP metabolites potently inhibited IL-1β production from microglia following stimulation with NLRP3-specific agonists, supporting anxiolytic properties of FDP observed in models of sleep deprivation involve inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The study further showed sleep deprivation alters the expression of the circadian gene Bmal1, which critically regulated NLRP3 expression and IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Kyle J Trageser
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Henry Wu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Francis J Herman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Umar Haris Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Maria Sebastian-Valverde
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Tal Frolinger
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Emma Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
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40
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Lin SS, Tang Y, Illes P, Verkhratsky A. The Safeguarding Microglia: Central Role for P2Y 12 Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:627760. [PMID: 33519493 PMCID: PMC7840491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.627760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Lin
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purine Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purine Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Illes
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purine Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purine Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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41
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Wang X, Hua D, Tang X, Li S, Sun R, Xie Z, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Wang J, Li S, Luo A. The Role of Perioperative Sleep Disturbance in Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1395-1410. [PMID: 34393534 PMCID: PMC8354730 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s320745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) increases the length of hospital stay, mortality, and risk of long-term cognitive impairment. Perioperative sleep disturbance is prevalent and commonly ignored and may increase the risk of PND. However, the role of perioperative sleep disturbances in PND remains unclear. Nocturnal sleep plays an indispensable role in learning, memory, and maintenance of cerebral microenvironmental homeostasis. Hospitalized sleep disturbances also increase the incidence of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction. This review summarizes the role of perioperative sleep disturbances in PND and elucidates the potential mechanisms underlying sleep-deprivation-mediated PND. Activated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; impaired function of the blood-brain barrier and glymphatic pathway; decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, adult neurogenesis, and sirtuin1 expression; and accumulated amyloid-beta proteins are associated with PND in individuals with perioperative sleep disorders. These findings suggest that the improvement of perioperative sleep might reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Future studies should further investigate the role of perioperative sleep disturbance in PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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42
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Deurveilher S, Golovin T, Hall S, Semba K. Microglia dynamics in sleep/wake states and in response to sleep loss. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104944. [PMID: 33359188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has an essential role for optimal brain function, but the cellular substrates for sleep regulation are not fully understood. Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, have gained increasingly more attention over the last two decades for their important roles in various brain functions that extend beyond their well-known immune function, including brain development, neuronal protection, and synaptic plasticity. Here we review recent advances in understanding: i) morphological and phenotypic dynamics of microglia including process motility/growth and gene/protein expression, and ii) microglia-neuron interactions including phagocytosis and contact at synapses which alters neuronal circuit activity, both under physiological state in the adult brain. We discuss how the microglia-neuron interactions particularly at synapses could influence microglia and neuronal activities across circadian cycles and sleep/wake states. We also review recent findings on how microglia respond to sleep loss. We conclude by pointing out key questions and proposing suggestions for future research to better understand the role of microglia in sleep regulation, sleep homeostasis, and the function of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Deurveilher
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tatjana Golovin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shannon Hall
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kazue Semba
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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43
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Eyolfson E, Khan A, Mychasiuk R, Lohman AW. Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:326. [PMID: 33121516 PMCID: PMC7597018 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive, mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBIs) are increasingly common in adolescents and encompass one of the largest neurological health concerns in the world. Adolescence is a critical period for brain development where RmTBIs can substantially impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and life-long neurological health. Our current understanding of RmTBI pathophysiology suggests key roles for neuroinflammation in negatively regulating neural health and function. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune population, play important roles in brain development by regulating neuronal number, and synapse formation and elimination. In response to injury, microglia activate to inflammatory phenotypes that may detract from these normal homeostatic, physiological, and developmental roles. To date, however, little is known regarding the impact of RmTBIs on microglia function during adolescent brain development. This review details key concepts surrounding RmTBI pathophysiology, adolescent brain development, and microglia dynamics in the developing brain and in response to injury, in an effort to formulate a hypothesis on how the intersection of these processes may modify long-term trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Asher Khan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
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44
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Zhuang H, Yang J, Huang Z, Liu H, Li X, Zhang H, Wang J, Yu S, Liu K, Liu R, Bi M, Wang J, Salvi RJ, Hu B, Teng G, Liu L. Accelerated age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis in mice with noise-induced hearing loss is associated with hippocampal microglial degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19493-19519. [PMID: 33041264 PMCID: PMC7732316 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale epidemiological surveys suggest that hearing loss (HL) is a significant risk factor for dementia. We previously showed that noise-induced HL (NIHL) impairs hippocampal cognitive function and decreases hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal complexity, suggesting a causal role of HL in dementia. To further investigate the influence of acquired peripheral HL on hippocampal neurogenesis with the aging process as well as the underlying mechanism, we produced NIHL in male CBA/J mice and assessed hippocampal neurogenesis and microglial morphology in the auditory brain and hippocampus at 4 days post-noise exposure (DPN) or 1, 3, 6, or 12 months post-noise exposure (MPN) by immunofluorescence labeling. We found that the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis was accelerated in mice with NIHL. Furthermore, in mice with NIHL, prolonged microglial activation occurred from 1 MPN to 12 MPN across multiple auditory nuclei, while aggravated microglial deterioration occurred in the hippocampus and correlated with the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis. These results suggest that acquired peripheral HL accelerates the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and that hippocampal microglial degeneration may contribute to the development of neurodegeneration following acquired peripheral HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shen Yu
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kefei Liu
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingze Bi
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Human Communication Disorder, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard J. Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Bohua Hu
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Abstract
Sleep-dependent synaptic plasticity is crucial for optimal cognition. However, establishing the direction of synaptic plasticity during sleep has been particularly challenging since data in support of both synaptic potentiation and depotentiation have been reported. This review focuses on structural synaptic plasticity across sleep and wake and summarizes recent developments in the use of 3-dimensional electron microscopy as applied to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bellesi
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD Bristol, UK
| | - Luisa de Vivo
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD Bristol, UK
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46
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Ellagic acid protects mice against sleep deprivation-induced memory impairment and anxiety by inhibiting TLR4 and activating Nrf2. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10457-10472. [PMID: 32433038 PMCID: PMC7346043 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorder has become a prevalent issue in current society and is connected with the deterioration of neurobehaviors such as mood, cognition and memory. Ellagic acid (EA) is a phenolic phytoconstituent extracted from grains and fruits that has potent neuroprotective properties. This research aimed to study the alleviative effect and mechanism of EA on memory impairment and anxiety caused by sleep deprivation (SD). EA ameliorated behavioral abnormalities in SD mice, associated with increased dendritic spine density, and reduced shrinkage and loss of hippocampal neurons. EA reduced the inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury caused by SD, which may be related to activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and mitigation of the TLR4-induced inflammatory response. In addition, EA significantly reduced the mortality and ROS levels in glutamate (Glu)-induced hippocampal neuron injury, and these effects of EA were enhanced in TLR4 siRNA-transfected neurons. However, knockdown of Nrf2 dramatically restrained the protective impact of EA on Glu-induced toxicity. Taken together, EA alleviated memory impairment and anxiety in sleep-deprived mice potentially by inhibiting TLR4 and activating Nrf2. Our findings suggested that EA may be a promising nutraceutical ingredient to prevent cognitive impairment and anxiety caused by sleep loss.
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47
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Microglial Function in the Effects of Early-Life Stress on Brain and Behavioral Development. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020468. [PMID: 32046333 PMCID: PMC7074320 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The putative effects of early-life stress (ELS) on later behavior and neurobiology have been widely investigated. Recently, microglia have been implicated in mediating some of the effects of ELS on behavior. In this review, findings from preclinical and clinical literature with a specific focus on microglial alterations induced by the exposure to ELS (i.e., exposure to behavioral stressors or environmental agents and infection) are summarized. These studies were utilized to interpret changes in developmental trajectories based on the time at which the stress occurred, as well as the paradigm used. ELS and microglial alterations were found to be associated with a wide array of deficits including cognitive performance, memory, reward processing, and processing of social stimuli. Four general conclusions emerged: (1) ELS interferes with microglial developmental programs, including their proliferation and death and their phagocytic activity; (2) this can affect neuronal and non-neuronal developmental processes, which are dynamic during development and for which microglial activity is instrumental; (3) the effects are extremely dependent on the time point at which the investigation is carried out; and (4) both pre- and postnatal ELS can prime microglial reactivity, indicating a long-lasting alteration, which has been implicated in behavioral abnormalities later in life.
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48
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Lee J, Kim DE, Griffin P, Sheehan PW, Kim D, Musiek ES, Yoon S. Inhibition of REV-ERBs stimulates microglial amyloid-beta clearance and reduces amyloid plaque deposition in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13078. [PMID: 31800167 PMCID: PMC6996949 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising new therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the circadian system. Although patients with AD are known to have abnormal circadian rhythms and suffer sleep disturbances, the role of the molecular clock in regulating amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology is still poorly understood. Here, we explored how the circadian repressors REV-ERBα and β affected Aβ clearance in mouse microglia. We discovered that, at Circadian time 4 (CT4), microglia expressed higher levels of the master clock protein BMAL1 and more rapidly phagocytosed fibrillary Aβ1-42 (fAβ1-42 ) than at CT12. BMAL1 directly drives transcription of REV-ERB proteins, which are implicated in microglial activation. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of REV-ERBs with the small molecule antagonist SR8278 or genetic knockdown of REV-ERBs-accelerated microglial uptake of fAβ1-42 and increased transcription of BMAL1. SR8278 also promoted microglia polarization toward a phagocytic M2-like phenotype with increased P2Y12 receptor expression. Finally, constitutive deletion of Rev-erbα in the 5XFAD model of AD decreased amyloid plaque number and size and prevented plaque-associated increases in disease-associated microglia markers including TREM2, CD45, and Clec7a. Altogether, our work suggests a novel strategy for controlling Aβ clearance and neuroinflammation by targeting REV-ERBs and provides new insights into the role of REV-ERBs in AD.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/pathology
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Animals
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Circadian Clocks/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microglia/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Plaque, Amyloid/genetics
- Plaque, Amyloid/metabolism
- Plaque, Amyloid/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12/drug effects
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Synapses/genetics
- Synapses/metabolism
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Brain ScienceAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of NeurologyHope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Do Eon Kim
- Department of Brain ScienceAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Percy Griffin
- Department of NeurologyHope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Patrick W. Sheehan
- Department of NeurologyHope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Dong‐Hou Kim
- Department of Brain ScienceAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Department of NeurologyHope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Seung‐Yong Yoon
- Department of Brain ScienceAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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Baskaran R, Lai C, Li W, Tuan L, Wang C, Lee LJ, Liu C, Hwu H, Lee L. Characterization of striatal phenotypes in heterozygous
Disc1
mutant mice, a model of haploinsufficiency. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1157-1172. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Chuan‐Ching Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Wai‐Yu Li
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Li‐Heng Tuan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Chia‐Chuan Wang
- School of MedicineFu Jen Catholic University New Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Lukas J.‐H. Lee
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational MedicineNational Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan ROC
| | - Chih‐Min Liu
- Department of PsychiatryNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan ROC
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science CenterNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Hai‐Gwo Hwu
- Department of PsychiatryNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan ROC
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science CenterNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
- Institute of Brain and Mind SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Li‐Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
- Department of PsychiatryNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan ROC
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science CenterNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
- Institute of Brain and Mind SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
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50
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What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain? Cells 2019; 8:cells8101293. [PMID: 31652490 PMCID: PMC6829860 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia originate from yolk sac-primitive macrophages and auto-proliferate into adulthood without replacement by bone marrow-derived circulating cells. In inflammation, stroke, aging, or infection, microglia have been shown to contribute to brain pathology in both deleterious and beneficial ways, which have been studied extensively. However, less is known about their role in the healthy adult brain. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are widely accepted to strongly contribute to the maintenance of brain homeostasis and to modulate neuronal function. On the other hand, contribution of microglia to cognition and behavior is only beginning to be understood. The ability to probe their function has become possible using microglial depletion assays and conditional mutants. Studies have shown that the absence of microglia results in cognitive and learning deficits in rodents during development, but this effect is less pronounced in adults. However, evidence suggests that microglia play a role in cognition and learning in adulthood and, at a cellular level, may modulate adult neurogenesis. This review presents the case for repositioning microglia as key contributors to the maintenance of homeostasis and cognitive processes in the healthy adult brain, in addition to their classical role as sentinels coordinating the neuroinflammatory response to tissue damage and disease.
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