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Lin H, Han T, Wang J, Ma Z, Yu X. Screening and Identification of a Strain with Protease and Phytase Activities and Its Application in Soybean Meal Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:790-803. [PMID: 37204550 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to degrade the anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) such as phytic acid, glycinin, and β-conglycinin and improve the values of soybean meal (SBM). Firstly, in this study, a strain PY-4B which exhibited the best enzymatic activities of protease (403.3 ± 17.8 U/mL) and phytase (62.9 ± 2.9 U/mL) was isolated and screened among the isolates. Based on the analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence, the strain PY-4B was identified and named as Pseudomonas PY-4B. Next, Pseudomonas PY-4B was applied to fermentation of SBM. The results showed that the contents of glycinin and β-conglycinin were decreased by 57-63%, and the phytic acid was remarkably degraded by 62.5% due to the fermentation of SBM by Pseudomonas PY-4B. The degradation of glycinin and β-conglycinin resulted in increase of contents of water-soluble proteins and amino acids in fermented SBM. Moreover, Pseudomonas PY-4B exhibited no hemolytic activity and slight inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and the wide range of pH tolerance (3 to 9). In summary, our study indicates that isolated strain Pseudomonas PY-4B is a safe and applicable strain and has the ability to effectively degrade the ANFs (phytic acid, glycinin, and β-conglycinin) in SBM by fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiteng Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yang Z, Huang Z, Wu Q, Tang X, Huang Z. Cold-Adapted Proteases: An Efficient and Energy-Saving Biocatalyst. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108532. [PMID: 37239878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern biotechnology industry has a demand for macromolecules that can function in extreme environments. One example is cold-adapted proteases, possessing advantages such as maintaining high catalytic efficiency at low temperature and low energy input during production and inactivation. Meanwhile, cold-adapted proteases are characterised by sustainability, environmental protection, and energy conservation; therefore, they hold significant economic and ecological value regarding resource utilisation and the global biogeochemical cycle. Recently, the development and application of cold-adapted proteases have gained gaining increasing attention; however, their applications potential has not yet been fully developed, which has seriously restricted the promotion and application of cold-adapted proteases in the industry. This article introduces the source, related enzymology characteristics, cold resistance mechanism, and the structure-function relationship of cold-adapted proteases in detail. This is in addition to discussing related biotechnologies to improve stability, emphasise application potential in clinical medical research, and the constraints of the further developing of cold-adapted proteases. This article provides a reference for future research and the development of cold-adapted proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Zhendi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Hu J, Zhang Q, Cai D, Chen S, Wang Y. Enhancement of alkaline protease production in recombinant Bacillus licheniformis by response surface methodology. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:27. [PMID: 38647919 PMCID: PMC10991860 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkaline protease is widely used in the food, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries because of its comparatively great hydrolysis ability and alkali tolerance. To improve the ability of the recombinant Bacillus licheniformis to produce alkaline protease, single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized to determine and develop optimal culture conditions. The results showed that three factors (corn starch content, soybean meal content, and initial medium pH) had significant effects on alkaline protease production (P < 0.05), as determined through the Plackett‒Burman design. The maximum enzyme activity was observed with an optimal medium composition by central composite design (CCD): corn starch, 92.3 g/L; soybean meal, 35.8 g/L; and initial medium pH, 9.58. Under these optimum conditions, the alkaline protease activity of strain BL10::aprE was 15,435.1 U/mL, 82% higher than that in the initial fermentation medium. To further investigate the application of the optimum fermentation medium, the overexpressed strain BL10::aprE/pHYaprE was cultured using the optimized medium to achieve an enzyme activity of 39,233.6 U/mL. The present study achieved the highest enzyme activity of alkaline protease by B. licheniformis at the shake-flask fermentation level, which has important application value for large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. Box 329, Shanghai, 20037, China
| | - Jingmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. Box 329, Shanghai, 20037, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Environmental, Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Environmental, Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Environmental, Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. Box 329, Shanghai, 20037, China.
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4
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Adetunji AI, Olaniran AO. Biocatalytic Profiling of Free and Immobilized Partially Purified Alkaline Protease from an Autochthonous Bacillus aryabhattai Ab15-ES. REACTIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions4020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Partially purified alkaline protease produced by an indigenous bacterial strain, Bacillus aryabhattai Ab15-ES, was insolubilized in alginate beads using an entrapment technique. Maximum entrapped enzyme activities of 68.76% and 71.06% were recorded at optimum conditions of 2% (w/v) sodium alginate and 0.3 M calcium chloride. Biochemical profiling of free and immobilized proteases was investigated by determining their activity and stability as well as kinetic properties. Both enzyme preparations exhibited maximum activity at the optimum pH and temperature of 8.0 and 50 °C, respectively. However, in comparison to the free enzyme, the immobilized protease showed improved pH stability at 8.0–9.0 and thermal stability at 40–50 °C. In addition, the entrapped protease exhibited a higher Vmax and increased affinity to the substrate (1.65-fold) than the soluble enzyme. The immobilized protease was found to be more stable than the free enzyme, retaining 80.88% and 38.37% of its initial activity when stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively, for 30 d. After repeated use seven times, the protease entrapped in alginate beads maintained 32.93% of its original activity. These findings suggest the efficacy and sustainability of the developed immobilized catalytic system for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Isiaka Adetunji
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Summit University, Offa 250101, Nigeria
- Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa
| | - Ademola Olufolahan Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Mahmood MS, Asghar H, Riaz S, Shaukat I, Zeeshan N, Gul R, Ashraf NM, Saleem M. Expression and immobilization of trypsin‐like domain of serine protease from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
for improved stability and catalytic activity. Proteins 2022; 90:1425-1433. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hunza Asghar
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sheeba Riaz
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shaukat
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Nadia Zeeshan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Gujrat Gujrat Punjab Pakistan
| | - Roquyya Gul
- Faculty of Life Sciences Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore Pakistan
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Gujrat Gujrat Punjab Pakistan
| | - Mahjabeen Saleem
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
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6
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Li X, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Jiang G, Gan L, Tian Y, Shi B. High-expression and characterization of a novel serine protease from Ornithinibacillus caprae L9 T with eco-friendly applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35996-36012. [PMID: 35060042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, a novel thermophilic serine protease gene (P3862) from Ornithinibacillus caprae L9T was functionally expressed in Bacillus subtilis SCK6. The monomeric enzyme of about 29 kDa was purified to homogeneity with 43.91% of recovery and 2.81-folds of purification. Characterization of the purified protease revealed the optimum activity at pH 7 and 65 °C. The protease exhibited excellent activity and stability in the presence of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, ethanediol, n-hexane, Tween-20, Tween-80 and Triton X-100. P3862 displayed favorable caseinolytic activity, moderate keratinolytic activity but no collagenolytic activity. Besides, the homology model of P3862 possessed a globular configuration and characteristic of α/β hydrolase fold, and displayed stable interactions with casein, glycoprotein and keratin rather than collagen. Moreover, the crude enzyme could completely dehair goatskin within 6 h, resulting in decrease in BOD5, COD and TSS loads by 72.86, 74.07, and 73.79%, respectively, as compared with Na2S treatment. Biocatalytic applications revealed that it could effectively remove egg-stains from fabrics at 37 °C for 30 min with low supplementation (300 U/mL), and was able to degrade the feathers of duck and chicken. Overall, these outstanding properties make P3862 valuable in the development of environmentally friendly biotechnologies .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Longzhan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Isolated and fermented orange and grape wastes: Bromatological characterization and phytase, lipase and protease source. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Raghav D, Jyoti A, Siddiqui AJ, Saxena J. Plant associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:287-310. [PMID: 35396804 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfill their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation, and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Further, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Raghav
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
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9
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Li X, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Gan L, Jiang G, Tian Y, Shi B. Characterization and application of a novel halotolerant protease with no collagenase activity for cleaner dehairing of goatskin. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Rozanov AS, Shekhovtsov SV, Bogacheva NV, Pershina EG, Ryapolova AV, Bytyak DS, S E Peltek. Production of subtilisin proteases in bacteria and yeast. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:125-134. [PMID: 34901710 PMCID: PMC8629363 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the progress in the study and modification of subtilisin proteases. Despite longstanding applications of microbial proteases and a large number of research papers, the search for new protease genes, the construction of producer strains, and the development of methods for their practical application are still relevant and important, judging by the number of citations of the research articles on proteases and their microbial producers. This enzyme class represents the largest share of the industrial production of proteins worldwide. This situation can explain the high level of interest in these enzymes and points to the high importance of designing domestic technologies for their manufacture. The review covers subtilisin classification, the history of their discovery, and subsequent research on the optimization of their properties. An overview of the classes of subtilisin proteases and related enzymes is provided too. There is a discussion about the problems with the search for (and selection of) subtilases from natural strains of various microorganisms, approaches to (and specifics of) their modification, as well as the relevant genetic engineering techniques. Details are provided on the methods for expression optimization of industrial subtilases of various strains: the details of the most important parameters of cultivation, i.e., composition of the media, culture duration, and the influence of temperature and pH. Also presented are the results of the latest studies on cultivation techniques: submerged and solid-state fermentation. From the literature data reviewed, we can conclude that native enzymes (i.e., those obtained from natural sources) currently hardly have any practical applications because of the decisive advantages of the enzymes modified by genetic engineering and having better properties: e.g., thermal stability, general resistance to detergents and specific resistance to various oxidants, high activity in various temperature ranges, independence from metal ions, and stability in the absence of calcium. The vast majority of subtilisin proteases are expressed in producer strains belonging to different species of the genus Bacillus. Meanwhile, there is an effort to adapt the expression of these enzymes to other microbes, in particular species of the yeast Pichia pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rozanov
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S V Shekhovtsov
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N V Bogacheva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E G Pershina
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Ryapolova
- Innovation Centre "Biruch-NT", Malobykovo village, Belgorod region, Russia
| | - D S Bytyak
- Innovation Centre "Biruch-NT", Malobykovo village, Belgorod region, Russia
| | - S E Peltek
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Nassar O, Desouky SE, El-Sherbiny GM, Abu-Elghait M. Correlation between phenotypic virulence traits and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105339. [PMID: 34861345 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous pathogen capable of infecting virtually all tissues and its one of the standout amongst the most hazardous microorganisms of high morbidity and mortality rates especially in debilitated patients with few successful antibiotic choices available. This pathogen regulating most virulence traits by that so-called quorum sensing (QS), a cell to cell communication system. the present study was intended to phenotypically evaluate the activity of specific virulence traits (including swarming and swimming motility, protease, pyocyanin, and biofilm production) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and assess the statistical correlation between these traits and antibiotic resistance. One hundred and thirteen bacterial isolates were obtained from different clinical samples and identified as P. aeruginosa, among them, 73.4% have the ability to forming biofilm with different degrees; 59.2% were able to produce pyocyanin pigment while all isolates having the ability to make swarming and swimming motility and able to produce protease enzyme with different degrees. The isolates that produce the higher levels of the virulence traits were identified by both biochemical using Vitek2 automated system and genetically via 16s rRNA gene analysis. The statistical analysis results indicate that a positive significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and other studied virulence traits except for protease (r = 0.584: 0.324, P < 0.05) while a non-significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and protease activity (r = 0.105, P ˃ 0.05). Swimming and swarming motility have a positive significant correlation with other studied virulence traits (r = 0.613: 0.297, P < 0.05) except for protease. Pyocyanin pigment production have a positive significant correlation with other studied virulence traits (r = 0.33: 0.297, P < 0.05) except for protease. on the other hand, negative significant correlations were found between biofilm formation, swimming; and swarming motility, Pyocyanin pigment production, and the susceptibility of antibiotics (r = -0.512: -0.281, P < 0.05). Detection of such correlations in P. aeruginosa is useful for study the behavior of this pathogen and may be provide a new target for the treatment of MDR infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Nassar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said E Desouky
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El-Sherbiny
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abu-Elghait
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
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12
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Butt MQ, Zeeshan N, Ashraf NM, Akhtar MA, Ashraf H, Afroz A, Shaheen A, Naz S. Environmental impact and diversity of protease-producing bacteria in areas of leather tannery effluents of Sialkot, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54842-54851. [PMID: 34021452 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Massive discharge of wastes produced by the processing of leather so far confers the most important environmental challenge facing the tanneries worldwide. Waste material from tanneries mostly consists of skin remnants and proteinaceous substances as by-products of leather processing. In these conditions, protease-producing bacteria play a vital role in degrading wastes in this sludge. Therefore, an investigation was made to study the effect of long-term tannery sludge contamination on the diversity of both protease-producing microbes and of bacterial extracellular proteases near tanneries of Sambrial and Sialkot. The high amount of carbon and nitrogen in the soil samples reflected their effect on the diversity of the microbial communities in these areas. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggest that the isolated proteolytic bacteria belonged to 9 different genera including Pseudomonas (26.19%), Proteus (19.04%), Serratia (16.66%), Klebsiella (14.28%), Providencia (9.52%), Achromobacter (7.14%), Enterobacter (2.38%), Myroides (2.38%), and Acinetobacter (2.38%). Enzyme activity showed that among all Pseudomonas and Proteus showed relatively high protease production, and inhibition studies revealed that proteases produced by all isolates were strongly inhibited by serine and/or metalloprotease inhibitors, and a smaller proportion was inhibited by inhibitors of cysteine and/or aspartic proteases. Furthermore, isolated bacteria revealed promising degradation activities against casein and/or gelatin with only a few that could hydrolyze elastin, suggesting proteases produced by these isolated bacteria belong to different classes of proteases, i.e., serine and metalloproteases. This study provided new insights on the community structure of cultivable protease-producing bacteria near tannery sludge of Sambrial and Sialkot. This study would be beneficial not only for establishing the way for effective degradation of tannery slugs but also for questing the novel properties of proteases for a future technological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim Butt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Zeeshan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aftab Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amber Afroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Shaheen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Naz
- Department of Bioscience, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, 47000, Punjab, Pakistan
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13
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Covalent Immobilization of Proteases on Polylactic Acid for Proteins Hydrolysis and Waste Biomass Protein Content Valorization. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recovery of the protein component and its transformation into protein hydrolysates, generally carried out chemically, gives great added value to waste biomasses. The production of protein hydrolysates through enzymatic catalysis would guarantee to lower the environmental impact of the process and raise product quality, due to the reproducible formation of low molecular weight peptides, with interesting and often unexplored biological activities. The immobilization of the enzymes represents a good choice in terms of stability, recyclability and reduction of costs. In this context, we covalently linked proteases from Aspergillus oryzae to polylactic acid an eco-friendly biopolymer. The hydrolytic efficiency of immobilized enzymes was assessed testing their stability to temperature and over time, and checking the hydrolysis of model biomasses (casein and bovine serum albumin). Soybean waste extracts were also used as proof of principle.
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Insights into substrate specificity of proteases for screening efficient dehairing enzymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:360-370. [PMID: 33460659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Though numerous proteases have been isolated and screened for the dehairing purpose, their use in the leather industry is limited mainly due to high cost, the need for expertise, and control during unit operation and alterations in the quality of leather due to lack of the right kind of substrate specificity of the enzymes used. This paper deals with the comparative specificity and dehairing efficiency of proteases isolated from Bacillus cereus VITSP01 (PE2) and Brevibacterium luteolum VITSP02 (PE). PE2 and PE were found to be trypsin-like and elastase-like serine proteases respectively. The protease of VITSP02 degraded the proteoglycans efficiently in comparison to that of VITSP01. The results suggest that the possible targets of the studied proteases might be skin proteoglycans, including those cementing the hair root bulb. Hence, an in-depth study on the substrate specificity of the dehairing proteases would help in designing an improved screening method for isolating potent dehairing enzymes.
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15
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Bioprospecting of Thermophilic Fungal Enzymes and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Abo Nahas HH, Abdel-Azeem MA, Tariq FJ, Yadav AN. Biodiversity and Ecological Perspective of Industrially Important Fungi An Introduction. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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de Lima EE, Franco DG, Galeano RMS, Guimarães NCDA, Masui DC, Giannesi GC, Zanoelo FF. Biochemical characterization of a partially purified protease from Aspergillus terreus 7461 and its application as an environmentally friendly dehairing agent for leather industry. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:320-330. [PMID: 32903132 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1815058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteases can be used in several biotechnological processes including detergent, food and leather industries. In the leather industry, dehairing is carried out by chemicals, which pollute the environment. Therefore, to make the hair removal process environmentally friendly, a protease produced by Aspergillus terreus has been purified, biochemically characterized and had an efficient ability to remove hair from bovine leather. The protease was produced using 1% wheat bran and was purified 2.3-fold using two chromatographic steps showing a molecular weight of 90 kDa. Optimal temperature and pH were 50 °C and 6.5, respectively. Thermal stability was up to 1 h at 50 °C. Protease was stable to detergents like Tween 80 and to organic solvents. The activity was activated by Ca2+ and inhibited by Hg2+ and Cu2+. The enzyme was classified as serine protease, by the inhibition by PMSF and was stable to reducing agents. It hydrolyzed casein, azocasein, BSA, egg albumin and BTpNA. The Km and Vmax values were 0.65 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 3.66 ± 0.18 μmol/min, respectively. Remarkable properties about temperature, pH, stability to detergents and reducing agents ensure that the protease from A. terreus can be an excellent candidate for industrial applications, particularly in the leather industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmly Ernesto de Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms - Bioscience Institute (InBio), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerra Franco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms - Bioscience Institute (InBio), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mattos Silva Galeano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms - Bioscience Institute (InBio), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Chodi Masui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms - Bioscience Institute (InBio), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Cristina Giannesi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms - Bioscience Institute (InBio), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fonseca Zanoelo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms - Bioscience Institute (InBio), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Akhter M, Wal Marzan L, Akter Y, Shimizu K. Microbial Bioremediation of Feather Waste for Keratinase Production: An Outstanding Solution for Leather Dehairing in Tanneries. Microbiol Insights 2020; 13:1178636120913280. [PMID: 32440139 PMCID: PMC7227156 DOI: 10.1177/1178636120913280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In leather industries and tanneries, large amount of wastes has been disposed; which polluting water, soil, and atmosphere and causing serious human health problems. In particular, chemical dehairing process of leather industries produces fair amount of toxic wastes. It is, thus, urgently needed to use alternative processes free from pollution. As more than 90% of keratin is contained in feather, it is desirable to develop bioremediation process using keratinolytic microorganisms. In the present investigation, therefore, we first identified Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas sp. to be able to produce keratinase. Then, the optimization was performed to maximize the keratinase activity with respect to cultivation temperature, pH, and incubation time. Moreover, the effects of metal ions and various substrates on keratinase activity were also investigated. The result indicates that keratinase activity became maximum at 50°C for both strains, whereas the optimal pH was 10.0 for B. cereus and 7.0 for Pseudomonas sp. The highest keratinase activity of 74.66 ± 1.52 U/mL was attained by B. cereus, whereas 57.66 ± 2.52 U/mL was attained by Pseudomonas sp. Enzymatic dehairing efficiency of leathers was also compared with chemical dehairing (Na2S and CaO), where complete dehairing was achieved by treating them with crude keratinase. Partial enzyme purification was performed by acetone precipitation. Batch cultivation of B. cereus using 1 L fermentor indicates a potential candidate for large-scale keratinase production. Thus, keratinase enzyme by degrading poultry wastes (feather) can be an alternative approach to chemical dehairing in leather industries, thus preventing environmental pollution through bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mursheda Akhter
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Lolo Wal Marzan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Yasmin Akter
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Bioscience & Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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19
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Song Y, Wu S, Yang Q, Liu H, Zeng Y, Shi B. Factors affecting mass transfer of protease in pelt during enzymatic bating process. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-019-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Suberu Y, Akande I, Samuel T, Lawal A, Olaniran A. Cloning, expression, purification and characterisation of serine alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis RD7. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Jagadeesan Y, Meenakshisundaram S, Alagar Boopathy LR, Mookandi VPS, Balaiah A. Combinatorial approach for screening and assessment of multiple therapeutic enzymes from marine isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa AR01. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16989-17001. [PMID: 35519884 PMCID: PMC9064559 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrialization and modernization have led to humans being more susceptible to diseases. Therapeutic enzymes from traditional earthbound bacterial origin result have less therapeutic value. Hence, the hunt for a novel source of enzymes is indispensable. Twenty different marine bacterial strains were isolated from mangrove soil around S. P. Pattinum, Tamilnadu, India. From repeated qualitative and quantitative experiments, the study results were that, out of twenty bacterial isolates, only one Gram-negative bacterium was positive for multiple therapeutic enzymes such as asparaginase, glutaminase, uricase and collagenase. Based on its 99% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the isolate was designated as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AR01. Modified minimal medium amended with asparagine results in a simple and cost-effective, one-pot production medium for enhanced production and easy purification of all therapeutic enzymes. The biochemical studies imply that the therapeutic enzymes from P. aeruginosa AR01 may find a significant role in medical applications. The in vitro cytotoxic study reveals that the anticancer enzyme from P. aeruginosa is considerably effective with an IC50 value of 12 μg mL-1 against K-562 cell line. Colony PCR was performed for the detection of specific therapeutic enzyme-coding genes in the genome of P. aeruginosa AR01. PCR results confirm that P. aeruginosa AR01 possesses nucleotide regions for corresponding therapeutic enzymes in its gene cluster. BLASTN and BLASTX analyses of the partial nucleotide sequences of therapeutic enzymes were deposited in GenBank. The results appear so promising that Pseudomonas aeruginosa AR01 may be a potent candidate for medical biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeswaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University Room no. 124, New Academic Block-B Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu 620 024 India +91-431-2407333 +91-431-2407947 +91-9790915036 +91-9843707586 +91-9840669723
| | - Shanmugapriya Meenakshisundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University Room no. 124, New Academic Block-B Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu 620 024 India +91-431-2407333 +91-431-2407947 +91-9790915036 +91-9843707586 +91-9840669723
| | | | - Vijay Pradhap Singh Mookandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women Namakkal, Elaiyampalayam Tiruchengode Tamil Nadu 637 205 India +91-8668157693
| | - Anandaraj Balaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University Room no. 124, New Academic Block-B Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu 620 024 India +91-431-2407333 +91-431-2407947 +91-9790915036 +91-9843707586 +91-9840669723
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22
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Suberu Y, Akande I, Samuel T, Lawal A, Olaniran A. Optimization of protease production in indigenous Bacillus species isolated from soil samples in Lagos, Nigeria using response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Kour D, Rana KL, Yadav N, Yadav AN, Singh J, Rastegari AA, Saxena AK. Agriculturally and Industrially Important Fungi: Current Developments and Potential Biotechnological Applications. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH FUNGI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14846-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Flores-Fernández CN, Cárdenas-Fernández M, Dobrijevic D, Jurlewicz K, Zavaleta AI, Ward JM, Lye GJ. Novel extremophilic proteases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa M211 and their application in the hydrolysis of dried distiller's grain with solubles. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2728. [PMID: 30304581 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are the most important group of industrial enzymes and they can be used in several fields including biorefineries for the valorization of industrial byproducts. In this study, we purified and characterized novel extremophilic proteases produced by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from Mauritia flexuosa palm swamps soil samples in Peruvian Amazon. In addition, we tested their ability to hydrolyze distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) protein. Three alkaline and thermophilic serine proteases named EI, EII, and EIII with molecular weight of 35, 40, and 55 kDa, respectively, were purified. EI and EIII were strongly inhibited by EDTA and Pefabloc being classified as serine-metalloproteases, while EII was completely inhibited only by Pefabloc being classified as a serine protease. In addition, EI and EII exhibited highest enzymatic activity at pH 8, while EIII at pH 11 maintaining almost 100% of it at pH 12. All the enzymes demonstrated optimum activity at 60°C. Enzymatic activity of EI was strongly stimulated in presence of Mn2+ (6.9-fold), EII was stimulated by Mn2+ (3.7-fold), while EIII was slightly stimulated by Zn2+ , Ca2+ , and Mg2+ . DDGS protein hydrolysis using purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa M211 proteases demonstrated that, based on glycine released, EIII presented the highest proteolytic activity toward DDGS. This enzyme enabled the release 63% of the total glycine content in wheat DDGS protein, 2.2-fold higher that when using the commercial Pronase®. Overall, our results indicate that this novel extremopreoteases have a great potential to be applied in DDGS hydrolysis. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2728, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol N Flores-Fernández
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Max Cárdenas-Fernández
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Dragana Dobrijevic
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Kosma Jurlewicz
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Amparo I Zavaleta
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - John M Ward
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Gary J Lye
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
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25
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Hammami A, Bayoudh A, Abdelhedi O, Nasri M. Low-cost culture medium for the production of proteases by Bacillus mojavensis SA and their potential use for the preparation of antioxidant protein hydrolysate from meat sausage by-products. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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26
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da Silva OS, de Almeida EM, de Melo AHF, Porto TS. Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular serine-protease with collagenolytic activity from Aspergillus tamarii URM4634. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1081-1088. [PMID: 29870814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular serine-protease from Aspergillus tamarii URM4634 was purified and characterized. The possibility of using Aspergillus tamarii URM4634 protease in detergent formulations and collagenolytic activity was investigated. The protease demonstrated excellent stability at pH range 7.0-11.0, the optimum being at pH 9.0. The enzyme was stable at 40 °C for 180 min, enhanced by Mg++ and Ca++, but inhibited by Zn++, and strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), suggested as serine-protease. The azocasein substrate result showed Km = 0.434 mg/mL and Vmax = 7.739 mg/mL/min. SDS-PAGE and azocasein zymography showed that the purified alkaline protease (2983.8 U/mg) had a molecular mass of 49.3 kDa. The enzyme was purified by column chromatography using Sephadex A50 resin. The proteolytic activity was activated by SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), Tween-80, Tween 20 and Triton-100. This study demonstrated that A. tamarii URM4634 protease has potent, stable and compatible collagenolytic activity to the desired level in local laundry detergent brands compared with similar enzymes produced by solid-state fermentation. This protease can thus be chosen as an option in both the food industry to tenderization meat and the detergent industry to washing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Soares da Silva
- Northeast Biotechnology Network/RENORBIO, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elizane Melo de Almeida
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns/UAG, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, 55296-901 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Allan Henrique Félix de Melo
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns/UAG, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, 55296-901 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Souza Porto
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns/UAG, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, 55296-901 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil.
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Sharma KM, Kumar R, Panwar S, Kumar A. Microbial alkaline proteases: Optimization of production parameters and their properties. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 15:115-126. [PMID: 30647648 PMCID: PMC6296574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of degrading proteins into small peptides and amino acids. They account for nearly 60% of the total industrial enzyme market. Proteases are extensively exploited commercially, in food, pharmaceutical, leather and detergent industry. Given their potential use, there has been renewed interest in the discovery of proteases with novel properties and a constant thrust to optimize the enzyme production. This review summarizes a fraction of the enormous reports available on various aspects of alkaline proteases. Diverse sources for isolation of alkaline protease producing microorganisms are reported. The various nutritional and environmental parameters affecting the production of alkaline proteases in submerged and solid state fermentation are described. The enzymatic and physicochemical properties of alkaline proteases from several microorganisms are discussed which can help to identify enzymes with high activity and stability over extreme pH and temperature, so that they can be developed for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Miglani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Surbhi Panwar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123029, Haryana, India
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Franco DG, Spalanzani RN, Lima EE, Marchetti CR, Silva PO, Masui DC, Giannesi GC, Zanoelo FF. Biochemical properties of a serine protease from Aspergillus flavus and application in dehairing. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1322584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guerra Franco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Regiane Nogueira Spalanzani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Emmly Ernesto Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Clarice Rossato Marchetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Douglas Chodi Masui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Giovana Cristina Giannesi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fonseca Zanoelo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Kumar S, Arumugam N, Permaul K, Singh S. Chapter 5 Thermostable Enzymes and Their Industrial Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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30
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Datta S, Menon G, Varughese B. Production, characterization, and immobilization of partially purified surfactant–detergent and alkali-thermostable protease from newly isolated Aeromonas caviae. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:349-356. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1244688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Datta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy, Sastra University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Bincy Varughese
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy, Sastra University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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Mageswari A, Subramanian P, Chandrasekaran S, Karthikeyan S, Gothandam KM. Systematic functional analysis and application of a cold-active serine protease from a novel Chryseobacterium sp. Food Chem 2016; 217:18-27. [PMID: 27664603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from natural and artificially cold environments were screened for synthesis of cold-active protease. The strain IMDY showing the highest protease production at 5°C was selected and phylogenetic analysis revealed that IMDY as novel bacterium with Chryseobacterium soli(T) as its nearest neighbor. Classical optimization enhanced the protease production from 18U/mg to 26U/mg and the enzyme was found to be active at low temperature, activity enhanced by CaCl2, inhibited by PMSF, stable against NaCl, and its activity retained in the presence of surfactants, organic solvents and detergents. On testing, the meat tenderization, myofibril fragmentation, pH, and TBA values were favorable in IMDY-protease treated meat compared to control. SDS profiling and SEM analysis also showed tenderization in meat samples. Hence, this study proposes to consider the cold-active protease from Chryseobacterium sp. IMDY as a pertinent candidate to develop potential applications in food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Mageswari
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parthiban Subramanian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology (Metabolic Engineering Division), National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Alves MP, Salgado RL, Eller MR, Vidigal PMP, Fernandes de Carvalho A. Characterization of a heat-resistant extracellular protease from Pseudomonas fluorescens 07A shows that low temperature treatments are more effective in deactivating its proteolytic activity. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7842-7851. [PMID: 27497896 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work discusses the biological and biochemical characterization of an extracellular protease produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 49.486 kDa and hydrolyzes gelatin, casein, and azocasein, but not BSA. Its maximum activity is found at 37°C and pH 7.5, but it retained almost 70% activity at pH 10.0. It was shown to be a metalloprotease inhibited by Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+), Hg(2+), Fe(2+), and Mg(2+), but induced by Mn(2+). After incubation at 100°C for 5min, the enzyme presented over 40% activity, but only 14 to 30% when submitted to milder heat treatments. This behavior may cause significant problems under conditions commonly used for the processing and storage of milk and dairy products, particularly UHT milk. A specific peptide sequenced by mass spectrometer analysis allowed the identification of gene that encodes this extracellular protease in the genome of Pseudomonas fluorescens 07A strain. The enzyme has 477 AA and highly conserved Ca(2+)- and Zn(2+)-binding domains, indicating that Ca(2+), the main ion in milk, is also a cofactor. This work contributes to the understanding of the biochemical aspects of enzyme activity and associates them with its sequence and structure. These findings are essential for the full understanding and control of these enzymes and the technological problems they cause in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura P Alves
- Inovaleite Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000
| | - Rafael L Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000
| | - Monique R Eller
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000
| | - Pedro Marcus P Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000
| | - Antonio Fernandes de Carvalho
- Inovaleite Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000.
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Proteases in Leather Processing. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19347-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Anandharaj M, Sivasankari B, Siddharthan N, Rani RP, Sivakumar S. Production, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of Thermostable Metallo-Protease from Novel Bacillus alkalitelluris TWI3 Isolated from Tannery Waste. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:1666-86. [PMID: 26749296 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protease enzymes in tannery industries have enormous applications. Seeking a potential candidate for efficient protease production has emerged in recent years. In our study, we sought to isolate proteolytic bacteria from tannery waste dumping site in Tamilnadu, India. Novel proteolytic Bacillus alkalitelluris TWI3 was isolated and tested for protease production. Maximum protease production was achieved using lactose and skim milk as a carbon and nitrogen source, respectively, and optimum growth temperature was found to be 40 °C at pH 8. Protease enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation method and anion exchange chromatography. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography yielded an overall 4.92-fold and 7.19-fold purification, respectively. The 42.6-kDa TWI3 protease was characterized as alkaline metallo-protease and stable up to 60 °C and pH 10. Ca(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+) ions activated the protease, while Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Fe(2+) greatly inhibited it. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibited TWI3 protease and was activated by Ca(2+), which confirmed that TWI3 protease is a metallo-protease. Moreover, this protease is capable of dehairing goat skin and also removed several cloth stains, which makes it more suitable for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Anandharaj
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Balayogan Sivasankari
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Nagarajan Siddharthan
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rizwana Parveen Rani
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramaniyan Sivakumar
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India
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Bhagwat PK, Jhample SB, Jalkute CB, Dandge PB. Purification, properties and application of a collagenolytic protease produced by Pseudomonas sp. SUK. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified collagenolytic protease produced byPseudomonassp. SUK, its biophysical characterization and applicatory study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Padma B. Dandge
- Department of Biochemistry
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416004
- India
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Lima LA, Cruz Filho RF, dos Santos JG, Silva WC. Protease with collagenolytic activity produced by Bacillus sp. DPUA 1728 from Amazonian soil. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:1217-23. [PMID: 26691484 PMCID: PMC4704637 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822015005030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Qualitative analyses were carried out on solid medium with insoluble collagen 0.25%
(w/v) to detect proteases with collagenolytic activity produced by
Bacillus sp. In cultures incubated for 24 h, a 23 full
factorial design with four repetitions at the center point was developed to analyze
the effects and interactions between initial pH, temperature and the concentration of
gelatin. Based on the results of the first 23 full factorial design, a
successive 23 full factorial design was performed. The most favorable
production conditions were found to be 1.5% (w/v) gelatin, pH 9.0 and 37 °C with
enzymatic activity of 86.27 U/mL. The enzyme showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH
9.0, and it was stable over wide pH (7.2-10.0) and temperature (45 °C-60 °C) ranges.
These results indicate that Bacillus sp DPUA 1728 is a potential
source for producing collagenolytic protease with possible biotechnological
applications, such as in the food, cosmetics and leather industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena A Lima
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Laishram S, Pennathur G. Purification and Characterization of a Membrane-Unbound Highly Thermostable Metalloprotease from Aeromonas Caviae. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-015-1849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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de Souza PM, Bittencourt MLDA, Caprara CC, de Freitas M, de Almeida RPC, Silveira D, Fonseca YM, Ferreira EX, Pessoa A, Magalhães PO. A biotechnology perspective of fungal proteases. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:337-46. [PMID: 26273247 PMCID: PMC4507524 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246220140359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases hydrolyze the peptide bonds of proteins into peptides and amino acids, being found in all living organisms, and are essential for cell growth and differentiation. Proteolytic enzymes have potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, laundry detergent and pharmaceutical. Proteases from microbial sources have dominated applications in industrial sectors. Fungal proteases are used for hydrolyzing protein and other components of soy beans and wheat in soy sauce production. Proteases can be produced in large quantities in a short time by established methods of fermentation. The parameters such as variation in C/N ratio, presence of some sugars, besides several other physical factors are important in the development of fermentation process. Proteases of fungal origin can be produced cost effectively, have an advantage faster production, the ease with which the enzymes can be modified and mycelium can be easily removed by filtration. The production of proteases has been carried out using submerged fermentation, but conditions in solid state fermentation lead to several potential advantages for the production of fungal enzymes. This review focuses on the production of fungal proteases, their distribution, structural-functional aspects, physical and chemical parameters, and the use of these enzymes in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Monteiro de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mona Lisa de Assis Bittencourt
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carolina Canielles Caprara
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Freitas
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Renata Paula Coppini de Almeida
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Ximenes Ferreira
- Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de
Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Isolation and Characterization of Organic-Solvent Stable Protease Isolated by Pseudomonas stutzeri BK AB-12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Joshi S, Satyanarayana T. Biotechnology of cold-active proteases. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:755-83. [PMID: 24832807 PMCID: PMC3960895 DOI: 10.3390/biology2020755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bulk of Earth's biosphere is cold (<5 °C) and inhabited by psychrophiles. Biocatalysts from psychrophilic organisms (psychrozymes) have attracted attention because of their application in the ongoing efforts to decrease energy consumption. Proteinases as a class represent the largest category of industrial enzymes. There has been an emphasis on employing cold-active proteases in detergents because this allows laundry operations at ambient temperatures. Proteases have been used in environmental bioremediation, food industry and molecular biology. In view of the present limited understanding and availability of cold-active proteases with diverse characteristics, it is essential to explore Earth's surface more in search of an ideal cold-active protease. The understanding of molecular and mechanistic details of these proteases will open up new avenues to tailor proteases with the desired properties. A detailed account of the developments in the production and applications of cold-active proteases is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Joshi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Fernández-Gómez MJ, Nogales R, Insam H, Romero E, Goberna M. Use of DGGE and COMPOCHIP for investigating bacterial communities of various vermicomposts produced from different wastes under dissimilar conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 414:664-671. [PMID: 22154215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and COMPOCHIP (i.e. a microarray targeting typical bacteria of stabilized organic materials and pathogenic bacteria) for investigating the bacterial communities of four different vermicomposts. These included a commercial vermicompost produced from cattle manure (CM) and three vermicomposts produced at pilot-scale by recycling: damaged tomato fruits (DT); olive-mill waste mixed with biosolids (OB); and winery wastes (WW). DGGE provided distinctive fingerprints of each vermicompost, which were statistically related to their particular chemical features. The comparison of the various vermicompost fingerprints showed that they contained bacterial communities with an average similarity coefficient of close to 80%. COMPOCHIP detected the presence of Sphingobacterium, Streptomyces, Alpha-Proteobacteria, Delta-Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes in all the vermicomposts. COMPOCHIP showed differences in the abundance of particular bacterial taxa among the vermicomposts, giving an idea about the usefulness of each vermicompost in the search for bacteria valuable to biotechnology. The joint use of DGGE and COMPOCHIP is a useful tool to compare vermicompost bacterial communities and to assess the potential of different vermicomposts as bioactive organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Fernández-Gómez
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Pandeeti EVP, Pitchika GK, Jotshi J, Nilegaonkar SS, Kanekar PP, Siddavattam D. Enzymatic depilation of animal hide: identification of elastase (LasB) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCM B-327 as a depilating protease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16742. [PMID: 21347249 PMCID: PMC3037957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional leather processing involving depilation of animal hide by lime and sulphide treatment generates considerable amounts of chemical waste causing severe environmental pollution. Enzymatic depilation is an environmentally friendly process and has been considered to be a viable alternative to the chemical depilation process. We isolated an extracellular protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MCM B-327 with high depilation activity using buffalo hide as a substrate. This 33 kDa protease generated a peptide mass fingerprint and de novo sequence that matched perfectly with LasB (elastase), of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In support of this data a lasB mutant of MCM B-327 strain lacked depilatory activity and failed to produce LasB. LasB heterologously over-produced and purified from Escherichia coli also exhibited high depilating activity. Moreover, reintroduction of the lasB gene to the P. aeruginosa lasB mutant via a knock-in strategy also successfully restored depilation activity thus confirming the role of LasB as the depilating enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Vijay Paul Pandeeti
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gopi Krishna Pitchika
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jyotsna Jotshi
- Microbial Sciences Division, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita S. Nilegaonkar
- Microbial Sciences Division, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradnya P. Kanekar
- Microbial Sciences Division, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dayananda Siddavattam
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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