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Radziejewska I. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens of MUC1 - Implication in cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116619. [PMID: 38643541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of cancerous epithelial MUC1 protein is specifically altered in comparison to that which is presented by healthy cells. One of such changes is appearing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) which are rare in normal tissues and are highly correlated with poor clinical outcomes and cancer progression. This review summarizes and describes the role of Tn, T antigens, their sialylated forms as well as fucosylated Lewis epitopes in different aspects of tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Finally, applications of MUC1 glycan epitopes as potential targets for therapeutic strategy of cancers are notified. One of the novelties of this review is presentation of TACAs as inherently connected with MUC1 mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
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2
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Deng Q, Jiang B, Yan H, Wu J, Cao Z. Circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer: developments and clinical applications. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4385-4399. [PMID: 37548815 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are shed from primary tumor or metastatic sites into the bloodstream and subsequently seed into distant tissues, are considered as the precursors of metastases. Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor. With regard to the diagnosis of GC, secondary pathological biopsy is difficult, while invasive examination is harmful to patients. In recent years, CTCs have made great progress in tumor diagnosis, prognosis prediction, efficacy detection and treatment guidance, but the research on the role of CTCs in GC remains limited. The following sections review the landmark studies demonstrating the technical approaches of CTCs monitoring in the field of GC. Moreover, we highlight the clinical application of CTCs numbers and phenotypes in monitoring the therapeutic efficacy and judging patient prognosis by sequential blood analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haijiao Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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3
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Wilczak M, Surman M, Przybyło M. Altered Glycosylation in Progression and Management of Bladder Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083436. [PMID: 37110670 PMCID: PMC10146225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common malignancy worldwide, with an estimated 573,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths in 2020. Available therapeutic approaches are still unable to reduce the incidence of BC metastasis and the high mortality rates of BC patients. Therefore, there is a need to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One such mechanism is protein glycosylation. Numerous studies reported changes in glycan biosynthesis during neoplastic transformation, resulting in the appearance of the so-called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on the cell surface. TACAs affect a wide range of key biological processes, including tumor cell survival and proliferation, invasion and metastasis, induction of chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and insensitivity to apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current information on how altered glycosylation of bladder cancer cells promotes disease progression and to present the potential use of glycans for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wilczak
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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4
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Johnson A, Reimer S, Childres R, Cupp G, Kohs TCL, McCarty OJT, Kang Y(A. The Applications and Challenges of the Development of In Vitro Tumor Microenvironment Chips. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:3-21. [PMID: 36660587 PMCID: PMC9842840 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical, yet mechanistically elusive role in tumor development and progression, as well as drug resistance. To better understand the pathophysiology of the complex TME, a reductionist approach has been employed to create in vitro microfluidic models called "tumor chips". Herein, we review the fabrication processes, applications, and limitations of the tumor chips currently under development for use in cancer research. Tumor chips afford capabilities for real-time observation, precise control of microenvironment factors (e.g. stromal and cellular components), and application of physiologically relevant fluid shear stresses and perturbations. Applications for tumor chips include drug screening and toxicity testing, assessment of drug delivery modalities, and studies of transport and interactions of immune cells and circulating tumor cells with primary tumor sites. The utility of tumor chips is currently limited by the ability to recapitulate the nuances of tumor physiology, including extracellular matrix composition and stiffness, heterogeneity of cellular components, hypoxic gradients, and inclusion of blood cells and the coagulome in the blood microenvironment. Overcoming these challenges and improving the physiological relevance of in vitro tumor models could provide powerful testing platforms in cancer research and decrease the need for animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Johnson
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, 414 N. Meridian Street, #6088, Newberg, OR 97132 USA
| | - Samuel Reimer
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, 414 N. Meridian Street, #6088, Newberg, OR 97132 USA
| | - Ryan Childres
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, 414 N. Meridian Street, #6088, Newberg, OR 97132 USA
| | - Grace Cupp
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, 414 N. Meridian Street, #6088, Newberg, OR 97132 USA
| | - Tia C. L. Kohs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Owen J. T. McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Youngbok (Abraham) Kang
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, 414 N. Meridian Street, #6088, Newberg, OR 97132 USA
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5
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Bindeman WE, Fingleton B. Glycosylation as a regulator of site-specific metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:107-129. [PMID: 34967926 PMCID: PMC8930623 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is considered to be responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Although it is clinically evident that metastatic patterns vary by primary tumor type, the molecular mechanisms underlying the site-specific nature of metastasis are an area of active investigation. One mechanism that has emerged as an important player in this process is glycosylation, or the addition of sugar moieties onto protein and lipid substrates. Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification, occurring on more than 50% of translated proteins. Many of those proteins are either secreted or expressed on the cell membrane, thereby making glycosylation an important mediator of cell-cell interactions, including tumor-microenvironment interactions. It has been recently discovered that alteration of glycosylation patterns influences cancer metastasis, both globally and in a site-specific manner. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of glycosylation in the tropism of cancer cells for several common metastatic sites, including the bone, lung, brain, and lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Bindeman
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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6
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Carneiro A, Piairo P, Teixeira A, Ferreira D, Cotton S, Rodrigues C, Chícharo A, Abalde-Cela S, Santos LL, Lima L, Diéguez L. Discriminating Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Phenotypes in Circulating Tumor Cells Isolated from Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030376. [PMID: 35159186 PMCID: PMC8834092 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute a group of highest morbidity worldwide, with colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer being among the most frequently diagnosed. The majority of gastrointestinal cancer patients already present metastasis by the time of diagnosis, which is widely associated with cancer-related death. Accumulating evidence suggests that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer promotes circulating tumor cell (CTCs) formation, which ultimately drives metastasis development. These cells have emerged as a fundamental tool for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, as they reflect tumor heterogeneity and the clonal evolution of cancer in real-time. In particular, EMT phenotypes are commonly associated with therapy resistance. Thus, capturing these CTCs is expected to reveal important clinical information. However, currently available CTC isolation approaches are suboptimal and are often targeted to capture epithelial CTCs, leading to the loss of EMT or mesenchymal CTCs. Here, we describe size-based CTCs isolation using the RUBYchip™, a label-free microfluidic device, aiming to detect EMT biomarkers in CTCs from whole blood samples of GI cancer patients. We found that, for most cases, the mesenchymal phenotype was predominant, and in fact a considerable fraction of isolated CTCs did not express epithelial markers. The RUBYchip™ can overcome the limitations of label-dependent technologies and improve the identification of CTC subpopulations that may be related to different clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Carneiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Paulina Piairo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Alexandra Teixeira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Sofia Cotton
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Carolina Rodrigues
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Alexandre Chícharo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.F.); (S.C.); (L.L.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (C.R.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.D.)
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7
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Jiang M, Jin S, Han J, Li T, Shi J, Zhong Q, Li W, Tang W, Huang Q, Zong H. Detection and clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9:85. [PMID: 34798902 PMCID: PMC8605607 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histopathological examination (biopsy) is the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, biopsy is an invasive method, and due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the tumor, a single biopsy cannot reveal the comprehensive biological characteristics and dynamic changes of the tumor. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers to improve CRC diagnosis and to monitor and treat CRC patients. Numerous studies have shown that "liquid biopsy" is a promising minimally invasive method for early CRC detection. A liquid biopsy mainly samples circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA (miRNA) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). CTCs are malignant cells that are shed from the primary tumors and/or metastases into the peripheral circulation. CTCs carry information on both primary tumors and metastases that can reflect dynamic changes in tumors in a timely manner. As a promising biomarker, CTCs can be used for early disease detection, treatment response and disease progression evaluation, disease mechanism elucidation, and therapeutic target identification for drug development. This review will discuss currently available technologies for plasma CTC isolation and detection, their utility in the management of CRC patients and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Tong Li
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Precision Medicine Center, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Departments of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Qinqin Huang
- Academy of medical science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Vázquez M, Anfossi L, Ben-Yoav H, Diéguez L, Karopka T, Della Ventura B, Abalde-Cela S, Minopoli A, Di Nardo F, Shukla VK, Teixeira A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Franco-Martínez L. Use of some cost-effective technologies for a routine clinical pathology laboratory. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4330-4351. [PMID: 34664599 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Classically, the need for highly sophisticated instruments with important economic costs has been a major limiting factor for clinical pathology laboratories, especially in developing countries. With the aim of making clinical pathology more accessible, a wide variety of free or economical technologies have been developed worldwide in the last few years. 3D printing and Arduino approaches can provide up to 94% economical savings in hardware and instrumentation in comparison to commercial alternatives. The vast selection of point-of-care-tests (POCT) currently available also limits the need for specific instruments or personnel, as they can be used almost anywhere and by anyone. Lastly, there are dozens of free and libre digital tools available in health informatics. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art on cost-effective alternatives with applications in routine clinical pathology laboratories. In this context, a variety of technologies including 3D printing and Arduino, lateral flow assays, plasmonic biosensors, and microfluidics, as well as laboratory information systems, are discussed. This review aims to serve as an introduction to different technologies that can make clinical pathology more accessible and, therefore, contribute to achieve universal health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Vázquez
- National Centre For Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Hadar Ben-Yoav
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Bartolomeo Della Ventura
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Minopoli
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Vikas Kumar Shukla
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexandra Teixeira
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Lopes C, Piairo P, Chícharo A, Abalde-Cela S, Pires LR, Corredeira P, Alves P, Muinelo-Romay L, Costa L, Diéguez L. HER2 Expression in Circulating Tumour Cells Isolated from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Using a Size-Based Microfluidic Device. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4446. [PMID: 34503260 PMCID: PMC8431641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 is a prognostic and predictive biomarker in breast cancer, normally assessed in tumour biopsy and used to guide treatment choices. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) escape the primary tumour and enter the bloodstream, exhibiting great metastatic potential and representing a real-time snapshot of the tumour burden. Liquid biopsy offers the unique opportunity for low invasive sampling in cancer patients and holds the potential to provide valuable information for the clinical management of cancer patients. This study assesses the performance of the RUBYchip™, a microfluidic system for CTC capture based on cell size and deformability, and compares it with the only FDA-approved technology for CTC enumeration, CellSearch®. After optimising device performance, 30 whole blood samples from metastatic breast cancer patients were processed with both technologies. The expression of HER2 was assessed in isolated CTCs and compared to tissue biopsy. Results show that the RUBYchipTM was able to isolate CTCs with higher efficiency than CellSearch®, up to 10 times more, averaging all samples. An accurate evaluation of different CTC subpopulations, including HER2+ CTCs, was provided. Liquid biopsy through the use of the RUBYchipTM in the clinic can overcome the limitations of histological testing and evaluate HER2 status in patients in real-time, helping to tailor treatment during disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Lopes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Paulina Piairo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Alexandre Chícharo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Liliana R. Pires
- RUBYnanomed Lda, Praça Conde de Agrolongo 123, 4700-312 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Corredeira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.C.); (P.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Patrícia Alves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.C.); (P.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela, Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luís Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.C.); (P.A.); (L.C.)
- Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Av Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
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10
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Silva MLS. Microfluidic devices for glycobiomarker detection in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:229-243. [PMID: 34273337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During oncogenesis, several alterations occur within cells, one of them being the abnormal glycosylation of proteins, resulting in the formation of glycoproteins with aberrant glycan structures, which can be secreted into the blood stream. Their specific association to tumour cells makes them useful indicators (biomarkers) of the oncogenic process and their detection in blood can be employed in different stages of tumour development for early detection, prognosis and therapeutic drug monitoring. Due to the importance of detecting cancer-associated glycoproteins with aberrant glycosylation in blood or serum, analytical methodologies with improved performance are required to ameliorate the laboratorial tests currently used for the detection of these analytes. Microfluidics was created to facilitate the implementation of simple and point-of-care analysis, away from a centralized laboratory. The massive use of microfluidic systems in clinical settings can be seen in pregnancy tests and diabetes control, for example. But what about other clinical domains, such as the detection of glycoproteins with aberrant glycans secreted by tumour cells? Are microfluidic systems helpful in this case? This review analyses the requirements of a microfluidic assay for the detection of low-abundant blood/serum cancer-associated glycoproteins with abnormal glycans and the progresses that have been made in the last years to develop integrated microfluidic devices for this particular application. The diverse microfluidic systems found in literature present, in general, the same analytical performance as the conventional assays but have additional advantages, namely a reduction in assay times, a decrease of sample and reagent consumption and lower costs. The review will also focus on the improvements that are still needed for better biosensing of this type of cancer biomarkers using microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luísa S Silva
- Centre of Chemical Research, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42076, Mexico.
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Cotton S, Ferreira D, Soares J, Peixoto A, Relvas-Santos M, Azevedo R, Piairo P, Diéguez L, Palmeira C, Lima L, Silva AMN, Lara Santos L, Ferreira JA. Target Score-A Proteomics Data Selection Tool Applied to Esophageal Cancer Identifies GLUT1-Sialyl Tn Glycoforms as Biomarkers of Cancer Aggressiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041664. [PMID: 33562270 PMCID: PMC7915893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a life-threatening disease, demanding the discovery of new biomarkers and molecular targets for precision oncology. Aberrantly glycosylated proteins hold tremendous potential towards this objective. In the current study, a series of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and EC-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were screened by immunoassays for the sialyl-Tn (STn) antigen, a glycan rarely expressed in healthy tissues and widely observed in aggressive gastrointestinal cancers. An ESCC cell model was glycoengineered to express STn and characterized in relation to cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. STn was found to be widely present in ESCC (70% of tumors) and in CTCs in 20% of patients, being associated with general recurrence and reduced survival. Furthermore, STn expression in ESCC cells increased invasion in vitro, while reducing cancer cells proliferation. In parallel, an ESCC mass spectrometry-based proteomics dataset, obtained from the PRIDE database, was comprehensively interrogated for abnormally glycosylated proteins. Data integration with the Target Score, an algorithm developed in-house, pinpointed the glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) as a biomarker of poor prognosis. GLUT1-STn glycoproteoforms were latter identified in tumor tissues in patients facing worst prognosis. Furthermore, healthy human tissues analysis suggested that STn glycosylation provided cancer specificity to GLUT1. In conclusion, STn is a biomarker of worst prognosis in EC and GLUT1-STn glycoforms may be used to increase its specificity on the stratification and targeting of aggressive ESCC forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cotton
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Janine Soares
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- QOPNA/LAQV, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Relvas-Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rita Azevedo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Paulina Piairo
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (P.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (P.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Health Science Faculty, University of Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - André M. N. Silva
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Health Science Faculty, University of Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (D.F.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.); (L.L.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000 (ext. 5111)
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12
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Peixoto A, Cotton S, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. The Tumour Microenvironment and Circulating Tumour Cells: A Partnership Driving Metastasis and Glycan-Based Opportunities for Cancer Control. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:1-33. [PMID: 34664231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTC) are rare cells that actively detach or are shed from primary tumours into the lymph and blood. Some CTC subpopulations gain the capacity to survive, home and colonize distant locations, forming metastasis. This results from a multifactorial process in which cancer cells optimize motility, invasion, immune escape and cooperative relationships with microenvironmental cues. Here we present evidences of a self-fuelling molecular crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour stroma supporting the main milestones leading to metastasis. We discuss how the tumour microenvironment supports pre-metastatic niches and CTC development and ultimately dictates CTC fate in targeted organs. Finally, we highlight the key role played by protein glycosylation in metastasis development, its prompt response to microenvironmental stimuli and the tremendous potential of glycan-based molecular signatures for liquid biopsies and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), Porto, Portugal. .,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Cotton
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
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13
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Liu P, Jonkheijm P, Terstappen LWMM, Stevens M. Magnetic Particles for CTC Enrichment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123525. [PMID: 33255978 PMCID: PMC7760229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For the enrichment of very rare cells, such as Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), immunomagnetic enrichment is frequently used. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with specific antibodies directed against cancer cells are used. In this review, we look at the properties such a particle needs to have in order to be used successfully, and describe the different methods used in the production of such a particle as well as the methods for their separation. Additionally, an overview is given of the antibodies that could potentially be used for this purpose. Abstract Here, we review the characteristics and synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and place these in the context of their usage in the immunomagnetic enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). The importance of the different characteristics is explained, the need for a very specific enrichment is emphasized and different (commercial) magnetic separation techniques are shown. As the specificity of an MNP is in a large part dependent on the antibody coated onto the particle, different strategies in the coupling of specific antibodies as well as an overview of the available antibodies is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlnds; (P.L.); (L.W.M.M.T.)
- Department of Molecular Nanofabrication, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Molecular Nanofabrication, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon W. M. M. Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlnds; (P.L.); (L.W.M.M.T.)
| | - Michiel Stevens
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlnds; (P.L.); (L.W.M.M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-53-489-4101
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14
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Dianat-Moghadam H, Mahari A, Heidarifard M, Parnianfard N, Pourmousavi-Kh L, Rahbarghazi R, Amoozgar Z. NK cells-directed therapies target circulating tumor cells and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:41-53. [PMID: 32987138 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Invasive primary cancers often metastasize after circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enter the bloodstream or lymph node to colonize adjacent tissue or distant anatomical locations. CTCs interact with immune cells and metastatic microenvironments, survival signaling, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Among immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells can, directly and indirectly, interact with CTCs to control cancer metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive NK cells mediated recognition and elimination of CTCs may pave the way for a new generation of anti-CTC molecularly targeted immunotherapies. In this review, we will discuss i) the role of CTCs in metastases, ii) CTCs in the context of the tumor microenvironment, iii) CTCs immune escape, and finally, iv) the potentials of NK cell-based therapies alone, or in combination with nanomedicine for targeted-immunotherapies of metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Maryam Heidarifard
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Parnianfard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Pourmousavi-Kh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard, Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Carvalho S, Abreu CM, Ferreira D, Lima L, Ferreira JA, Santos LL, Ribeiro R, Grenha V, Martínez-Fernández M, Duenas M, Suárez-Cabrera C, Paramio JM, Diéguez L, Freitas PP, Oliveira MI. Phenotypic Analysis of Urothelial Exfoliated Cells in Bladder Cancer via Microfluidic Immunoassays: Sialyl-Tn as a Novel Biomarker in Liquid Biopsies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1774. [PMID: 33042825 PMCID: PMC7526084 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract, having one of the highest recurrence rates and progression from non-muscle to muscle invasive bladder cancer that commonly leads to metastasis. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the standard procedures for its detection but have limited clinical sensitivity and specificity. Herein, a microfluidic device, the UriChip, was developed for the enrichment of urothelial exfoliated cells from fresh and frozen urine, based on deformability and size, and the cancer-associated glycan Sialyl-Tn explored as a putative bladder cancer urinary biomarker. Spiking experiments with bladder cancer cell lines showed an isolation efficiency of 53%, while clinical sample analyses revealed retention of cells with various morphologies and sizes. in situ immunoassays demonstrated significantly higher number of Sialyl-Tn-positive cells in fresh and frozen voided urine from bladder cancer patients, compared to healthy individuals. Of note, urothelial exfoliated cells from cryopreserved urine sediments were also successfully isolated by the UriChip, and found to express significantly high levels of Sialyl-Tn. Remarkably, Sialyl-Tn expression is correlated with tumor stage and grade. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of UriChip and Sialyl-Tn to detect urothelial bladder cancer cells in follow-up and long-term retrospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carvalho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina M. Abreu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Braga, Portugal
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José A. Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio L. Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- Tumor & Microenvironment Group, i3S/INEB, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Environmental Health Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departament of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vânia Grenha
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar Do Alto Ave, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mónica Martínez-Fernández
- Genomes and Disease Lab., Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Duenas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Institute of Biomedical Research, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Suárez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Institute of Biomedical Research, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Institute of Biomedical Research, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo P. Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Nanoelectronics Engineering, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marta I. Oliveira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Braga, Portugal
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Rasheduzzaman M, Kulasinghe A, Dolcetti R, Kenny L, Johnson NW, Kolarich D, Punyadeera C. Protein glycosylation in head and neck cancers: From diagnosis to treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188422. [PMID: 32853734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Malignant tumour cells frequently undergo an alteration in surface protein glycosylation. This phenomenon is also common in cancers of the head and neck, most of which are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). It affects cell functions, including proliferation, motility and invasiveness, thus increasing the propensity to metastasise. HNSCC represents the sixth most frequent malignancy worldwide. These neoplasms, which arise from the mucous membranes of the various anatomical subsites of the upper aero-digestive tract, are heterogeneous in terms of aetiology and clinico-pathologic features. With current treatments, only about 50% of HNSCC patients survive beyond 5-years. Therefore, there is the pressing need to dissect NHSCC heterogeneity to inform treatment choices. In particular, reliable biomarkers of predictive and prognostic value are eagerly needed. This review describes the current state of the art and bio-pathological meaning of glycosylation signatures associated with HNSCC and explores the possible role of tumour specific glycoproteins as potential biomarkers and attractive therapeutic targets. We have also compiled data relating to altered glycosylation and the nature of glycoproteins as tools for the identification of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the new era of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rasheduzzaman
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Joyce Tweddell Building, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia..
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17
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Fernandes E, Sores J, Cotton S, Peixoto A, Ferreira D, Freitas R, Reis CA, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers: Looking beyond classical serological biomarkers towards glycoproteomics-assisted precision oncology. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4903-4928. [PMID: 32308758 PMCID: PMC7163443 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal (OC), gastric (GC) and colorectal (CRC) cancers are amongst the digestive track tumors with higher incidence and mortality due to significant molecular heterogeneity. This constitutes a major challenge for patients' management at different levels, including non-invasive detection of the disease, prognostication, therapy selection, patient's follow-up and the introduction of improved and safer therapeutics. Nevertheless, important milestones have been accomplished pursuing the goal of molecular-based precision oncology. Over the past five years, high-throughput technologies have been used to interrogate tumors of distinct clinicopathological natures, generating large-scale biological datasets (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics). As a result, GC and CRC molecular subtypes have been established to assist patient stratification in the clinical settings. However, such molecular panels still require refinement and are yet to provide targetable biomarkers. In parallel, outstanding advances have been made regarding targeted therapeutics and immunotherapy, paving the way for improved patient care; nevertheless, important milestones towards treatment personalization and reduced off-target effects are also to be accomplished. Exploiting the cancer glycoproteome for unique molecular fingerprints generated by dramatic alterations in protein glycosylation may provide the necessary molecular rationale towards this end. Therefore, this review presents functional and clinical evidences supporting a reinvestigation of classical serological glycan biomarkers such as sialyl-Tn (STn) and sialyl-Lewis A (SLeA) antigens from a tumor glycoproteomics perspective. We anticipate that these glycobiomarkers that have so far been employed in non-invasive cancer prognostication may hold unexplored value for patients' management in precision oncology settings.
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18
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Gupta R, Leon F, Rauth S, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. A Systematic Review on the Implications of O-linked Glycan Branching and Truncating Enzymes on Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cells 2020; 9:E446. [PMID: 32075174 PMCID: PMC7072808 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most commonly occurring post-translational modifications, and is believed to modify over 50% of all proteins. The process of glycan modification is directed by different glycosyltransferases, depending on the cell in which it is expressed. These small carbohydrate molecules consist of multiple glycan families that facilitate cell-cell interactions, protein interactions, and downstream signaling. An alteration of several types of O-glycan core structures have been implicated in multiple cancers, largely due to differential glycosyltransferase expression or activity. Consequently, aberrant O-linked glycosylation has been extensively demonstrated to affect biological function and protein integrity that directly result in cancer growth and progression of several diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of several initiating enzymes involved in the synthesis of O-linked glycosylation that significantly contribute to a number of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitesh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Frank Leon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 681980-5900, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 681980-5900, USA
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19
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Yang C, Xia BR, Jin WL, Lou G. Circulating tumor cells in precision oncology: clinical applications in liquid biopsy and 3D organoid model. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:341. [PMID: 31866766 PMCID: PMC6918690 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a rare subset of cells found in the blood of patients with solid tumors, which function as a seed for metastases. Cancer cells metastasize through the bloodstream either as single migratory CTCs or as multicellular groupings-CTC clusters. The CTCs preserve primary tumor heterogeneity and mimic tumor properties, and may be considered as clinical biomarker, preclinical model, and therapeutic target. The potential clinical application of CTCs is being a component of liquid biopsy. CTCs are also good candidates for generating preclinical models, especially 3D organoid cultures, which could be applied in drug screening, disease modeling, genome editing, tumor immunity, and organoid biobanks. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the value and promise of evolving CTC technologies and highlight cutting-edge research on CTCs in liquid biopsy, tumor metastasis, and organoid preclinical models. The study of CTCs offers broad pathways to develop new biomarkers for tumor patient diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy, as well as translational models accelerating oncologic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- 1Department of Gynecology Oncology, The Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Rong Xia
- 1Department of Gynecology Oncology, The Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- 2Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China.,3National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Lou
- 1Department of Gynecology Oncology, The Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 People's Republic of China
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Kouba E, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Massari F, Huang K, Santoni M, Chovanec M, Cheng M, Scarpelli M, Zhang J, Cimadamore A, Cheng L. Liquid biopsy in the clinical management of bladder cancer: current status and future developments. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:255-264. [PMID: 31608720 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1680284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of liquid biopsy on the blood from solid malignancies provides a convenient way of detecting actionable mutations, monitoring treatment response, detecting early recurrence and prognosticating outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss the current status and future direction of serum biomarkers in the clinical management of urinary bladder cancer.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of blood liquid biopsy and bladder cancer using methods of circulating tumors cells, circulating RNA, serum metabolites and cell-free DNA. Recent clinical studies and advances in methodology are emphasized. We performed a literature search using PMC/PubMed with keywords including 'liquid biopsy', 'circulating tumor DNA', 'cell-free DNA', 'biomarkers', 'bladder cancer' 'precision medicine'. Additional articles were obtained from the cited references of key articles. An emphasis was placed on recent studies published since 2018.Expert opinion: Liquid biopsies represent a potential biomarker using cell-free DNA, metabolomic profiles of altered cellular metabolism, circulating cancer cells and RNA. Despite displaying tremendous clinical promise, the current status of the blood liquid biopsies has not reached fruition. However, future investigations should lead the evolution of liquid biomarker into clinical utility for the management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kouba
- Department of Pathology, Associated Pathologists at Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Kun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michael Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Scott E, Munkley J. Glycans as Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1389. [PMID: 30893936 PMCID: PMC6470778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men, claiming over350,000 lives worldwide annually. Current diagnosis relies on prostate-specific antigen (PSA)testing, but this misses some aggressive tumours, and leads to the overtreatment of non-harmfuldisease. Hence, there is an urgent unmet clinical need to identify new diagnostic and prognosticbiomarkers. As prostate cancer is a heterogeneous and multifocal disease, it is likely that multiplebiomarkers will be needed to guide clinical decisions. Fluid-based biomarkers would be ideal, andattention is now turning to minimally invasive liquid biopsies, which enable the analysis oftumour components in patient blood or urine. Effective diagnostics using liquid biopsies willrequire a multifaceted approach, and a recent high-profile review discussed combining multipleanalytes, including changes to the tumour transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome.However, the concentration on genomics-based paramaters for analysing liquid biopsies ispotentially missing a goldmine. Glycans have shown huge promise as disease biomarkers, anddata suggests that integrating biomarkers across multi-omic platforms (including changes to theglycome) can improve the stratification of patients with prostate cancer. A wide range ofalterations to glycans have been observed in prostate cancer, including changes to PSAglycosylation, increased sialylation and core fucosylation, increased O-GlcNacylation, theemergence of cryptic and branched N-glyans, and changes to galectins and proteoglycans. In thisreview, we discuss the huge potential to exploit glycans as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkersfor prostate cancer, and argue that the inclusion of glycans in a multi-analyte liquid biopsy test forprostate cancer will help maximise clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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