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Mohamed AA, Caussat T, Mouhawasse E, Ali R, Johansen PM, Lucke-Wold B. Neurosurgical Intervention for Nerve and Muscle Biopsies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1169. [PMID: 38893695 PMCID: PMC11172125 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neurologic and musculoskeletal diseases represent a considerable portion of the underlying etiologies responsible for the widely prevalent symptoms of pain, weakness, numbness, and paresthesia. Because of the subjective and often nonspecific nature of these symptoms, different diagnostic modalities have been explored and utilized. (2) Methods: Literature review. (3) Results: Nerve and muscle biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing many of the responsible neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. However, the need for invasive tissue sampling is diminishing as more investigations explore alternative diagnostic modalities. Because of this, it is important to explore the current role of neurosurgical intervention for nerve and muscle biopsies and its current relevance in the diagnostic landscape of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. With consideration of the role of nerve and muscle biopsy, it is also important to explore innovations and emerging techniques for conducting these procedures. This review explores the indications and emerging techniques for neurological intervention for nerve and muscle biopsies. (4) Conclusions: The role of neurosurgical intervention for nerve and muscle biopsy remains relevant in diagnosing many neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Biopsy is especially relevant as a supportive point of evidence for diagnosis in atypical cases. Additionally, emerging techniques have been explored to guide diagnostics and biopsy, conduct less invasive biopsies, and reduce risks of worsening neurologic function and other symptoms secondary to biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Mohamed
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Thomas Caussat
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Edwin Mouhawasse
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Rifa Ali
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Phillip M. Johansen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Brown AR, Gajewski BJ, Mudaranthakam DP, Pasnoor M, Dimachkie MM, Jawdat O, Herbelin L, Mayo MS, Barohn RJ. Conducting a bayesian multi-armed trial with response adaptive randomization for comparative effectiveness of medications for CSPN. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 36:101220. [PMID: 37965484 PMCID: PMC10641102 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Response adaptive randomization is popular in adaptive trial designs, but the literature detailing its execution is lacking. These designs are desirable for patients/stakeholders, particularly in comparative effectiveness research, due to the potential benefits including improving participant buy-in by providing more participants with better treatment during the trial. Frequentist approaches have often been used, but adaptive designs naturally fit the Bayesian methodology; it was developed to deal with data as they come in by updating prior information. Methods PAIN-CONTRoLS was a comparative-effectiveness trial utilizing Bayesian response adaptive randomization to four drugs, nortriptyline, duloxetine, pregabalin, or mexiline, for cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy (CSPN) patients. The aim was to determine which treatment was most tolerable and effective in reducing pain. Quit and efficacy rates were combined into a utility function to develop a single outcome, which with treatment sample size, drove the adaptive randomization. Prespecified interim analyses allowed the study to stop for early success or update the randomization probabilities to the better-performing treatments. Results Seven adaptations to the randomization occurred before the trial ended due to reaching the maximum sample size, with more participants receiving nortriptyline and duloxetine. At the end of the follow-up, nortriptyline and duloxetine had lower probabilities of participants that had stopped taking the study medication and higher probabilities were efficacious. Mexiletine had the highest quit rate, but had an efficacy rate higher than pregabalin. Conclusions Response adaptive randomization has become a popular trial tool, especially for those utilizing Bayesian methods for analyses. By illustrating the execution of a Bayesian adaptive design, using the PAIN-CONTRoLS trial data, this paper continues the work to provide literature for conducting Bayesian response adaptive randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Brown
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Byron J. Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dinesh Pal Mudaranthakam
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mazen M. Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Omar Jawdat
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Laura Herbelin
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Matthew S. Mayo
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Richard J. Barohn
- Department of Neurology, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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Tsilingiris D, Schimpfle L, von Rauchhaupt E, Sulaj A, Seebauer L, Bartl H, Herzig S, Szendroedi J, Kopf S, Kender Z. Dysmetabolism-related Early Sensory Deficits and Their Relationship With Peripheral Neuropathy Development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e979-e988. [PMID: 37139855 PMCID: PMC10505541 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of early peripheral sensory dysfunction (EPSD) identified through quantitative sensory testing (QST) with factors related to a dysmetabolic status in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without peripheral neuropathy (PN), and the impact of those factors on PN development. METHODS A total of 225 individuals (117 and 108 without and with T2DM, respectively) without PN based on clinical and electrophysiological criteria were analyzed. Comparative analysis was conducted between those identified as "healthy" and those with EPSD based on a standardized QST protocol. A total of 196 were followed-up over a mean of 2.64 years for PN occurrence. RESULTS Among those without T2DM, apart from male sex, height, and higher fat and lower lean mass, only higher insulin resistance (IR; homeostatic model assessment for IR: odds ratio [OR], 1.70; P = .009; McAuley index OR, 0.62, P = .008), was independently associated with EPSD. In T2DM, metabolic syndrome (OR, 18.32; P < .001) and skin advanced glycation end-products (AGEs; OR, 5.66; P = .003) were independent predictors of EPSD. In longitudinal analysis, T2DM (hazard ratio [HR], 3.32 vs no diabetes mellitus; P < .001), EPSD (adjusted HR, 1.88 vs healthy; P = .049 adjusted for diabetes mellitus and sex), higher IR and AGEs predicted PN development. Among the 3 EPSD-associated sensory phenotypes, "sensory loss" was most strongly associated with PN development (adjusted HR, 4.35; P = .011). CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time the utility of a standardized QST-based approach in identifying early sensory deficits in individuals with and without T2DM. These are associated with a dysmetabolic status signified by IR markers, metabolic syndrome, and higher AGEs, which in turn are shown to influence PN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schimpfle
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina von Rauchhaupt
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alba Sulaj
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Seebauer
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Bartl
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Bhai SF, Brown A, Gajewski B, Kimminau KS, Waitman LR, Pasnoor M, Barohn RJ. A secondary analysis of PAIN-CONTRoLS: Pain's impact on sleep, fatigue, and activities of daily living. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:404-410. [PMID: 35585718 PMCID: PMC10629716 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Peripheral neuropathies commonly affect quality of life of patients due to pain, sleep disturbances, and fatigue, although trials have not adequately explored these domains of care. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of nortriptyline, duloxetine, pregabalin, and mexiletine on pain, sleep, and fatigue in patients diagnosed with cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy (CSPN). METHODS We implemented a Bayesian adaptive design to perform a 12-wk multisite, randomized, prospective, open-label comparative effectiveness study in 402 CSPN patients. Participants received either nortriptyline (n = 134), duloxetine (n = 126), pregabalin (n = 73), or mexiletine (n = 69). At prespecified analysis timepoints, secondary outcomes, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys including Short Form (SF)-12, pain interference, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, were collected. RESULTS Mexiletine had the highest quit rate (58%) due to gastrointestinal side effects, while nortriptyline (38%) and duloxetine (38%) had the lowest quit rates. If tolerated for the full 12 wk of the study, mexiletine had the highest probability (>90%) of positive outcomes for improvements in pain interference and fatigue. There was no significant difference among the medications for sleep disturbance or SF-12 scores. Adverse events and lack of efficacy were the two most common reasons for cessation of therapy. DISCUSSION Physicians caring for patients with CSPN should consider mexiletine to address pain and fatigue, although nortriptyline and duloxetine are better medications to trial first since they are better tolerated. Future research should compare other commonly used medications for CSPN to determine evidence-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman F Bhai
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Neuromuscular Center, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra Brown
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Byron Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kim S Kimminau
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lemuel R Waitman
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
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Olsen GM, Tormey CA, Tseng B, Hendrickson JE, Sostin N. Therapeutic plasma exchange for peripheral neuropathy associated with trisulfated heparan disaccharide IgM antibodies: A case series of 17 patients. J Clin Apher 2021; 37:13-18. [PMID: 34698404 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) can be associated with autoantibodies, including those of IgM class with specificity for the trisulfated heparan disaccharide (TS-HDS) antigen. We hypothesized that, as an IgM autoantibody-mediated disorder, TS-HDS-associated SFN symptoms may be reduced with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). STUDY METHODS This was an observational analysis of all patients referred for TPE from 2018 to 2020 following laboratory confirmation of SFN with TS-HDS autoantibodies; a loading course of 3 to 5 procedures over 2 weeks was completed, with some patients returning for monthly procedures. The following data were collected: demographics, symptoms and duration, TS-HDS levels, skin biopsy results, reported responses to TPE, and TPE-associated adverse events. RESULTS Of the 17 subjects, 12 (71%) were female and the mean age was 57.5 years (range 27-94). The most common reported symptom was lower extremity paresthesia (88% of subjects). The mean number of TPE procedures completed per subject was 9 (range 3-18), with 71% (12/17) reporting symptomatic improvement or slowed disease progression. About 15% of procedures were associated with an adverse event, with vasovagal reactions being the most common; 53% of patients had at least one adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Given a reported symptomatic response rate of more than 70%, TPE may be a treatment option for individuals with autoimmune-mediated SFN associated with increased titers of TS-HDS IgM autoantibodies. Since TPE-associated adverse events appear common in this population, close monitoring during procedures is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Olsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher A Tormey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bertrand Tseng
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeanne E Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nataliya Sostin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Tang F, Gajewski BJ. Comparative Effectiveness Research using Bayesian Adaptive Designs for Rare Diseases: Response Adaptive Randomization Reusing Participants. Stat Biopharm Res 2021; 15:154-163. [PMID: 36875290 PMCID: PMC9979780 DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2021.1961854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Slow accrual rate is a major challenge in clinical trials for rare diseases and is identified as the most frequent reason for clinical trials to fail. This challenge is amplified in comparative effectiveness research where multiple treatments are compared to identify the best treatment. Novel efficient clinical trial designs are in urgent need in these areas. Our proposed response adaptive randomization (RAR) reusing participants trial design mimics the real-world clinical practice that allows patients to switch treatments when desired outcome is not achieved. The proposed design increases efficiency by two strategies: 1) Allowing participants to switch treatments so that each participant can have more than one observation and hence it is possible to control for participant specific variability to increase statistical power; and 2) Utilizing RAR to allocate more participants to the promising arms such that ethical and efficient studies will be achieved. Extensive simulations were conducted and showed that, compared with trials where each participant receives one treatment, the proposed participants reusing RAR design can achieve comparable power with a smaller sample size and a shorter trial duration, especially when the accrual rate is low. The efficiency gain decreases as the accrual rate increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Tang
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
- Saint Luke’s Health System, Kansas City, MO, 64111
| | - Byron J. Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
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Nathani D, Spies J, Barnett MH, Pollard J, Wang M, Sommer C, Kiernan MC. Nerve biopsy: Current indications and decision tools. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:125-139. [PMID: 33629393 PMCID: PMC8359441 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After initial investigation of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of neuropathy, a clinical decision is made for a minority of patients to undergo further assessment with nerve biopsy. Many nerve biopsies do not demonstrate a definitive pathological diagnosis and there is considerable cost and morbidity associated with the procedure. This highlights the need for appropriate selection of patients, nerves and neuropathology techniques. Additionally, concomitant muscle and skin biopsies may improve the diagnostic yield in some cases. Several advances have been made in diagnostics in recent years, particularly in genomics. The indications for nerve biopsy have consequently changed over time. This review explores the current indications for nerve biopsies and some of the issues surrounding its use. Also included are comments on alternative diagnostic modalities that may help to supplant or reduce the use of nerve biopsy as a diagnostic test. These primarily include extraneural biopsy and neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance neurography and nerve ultrasound. Finally, we propose an algorithm to assist in deciding when to perform nerve biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Nathani
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Judith Spies
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael H. Barnett
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John Pollard
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Min‐Xia Wang
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Neurologische KlinikUniversitätsklinikum WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Matthew C. Kiernan
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Barohn RJ, Gajewski B, Pasnoor M, Brown A, Herbelin LL, Kimminau KS, Mudaranthakam DP, Jawdat O, Dimachkie MM, Iyadurai S, Stino A, Kissel J, Pascuzzi R, Brannagan T, Wicklund M, Ahmed A, Walk D, Smith G, Quan D, Heitzman D, Tobon A, Ladha S, Wolfe G, Pulley M, Hayat G, Li Y, Thaisetthawatkul P, Lewis R, Biliciler S, Sharma K, Salajegheh K, Trivedi J, Mallonee W, Burns T, Jacoby M, Bril V, Vu T, Ramchandren S, Bazant M, Austin S, Karam C, Hussain Y, Kutz C, Twydell P, Scelsa S, Kushlaf H, Wymer J, Hehir M, Kolb N, Ralph J, Barboi A, Verma N, Ahmed M, Memon A, Saperstein D, Lou JS, Swenson A, Cash T. Patient Assisted Intervention for Neuropathy: Comparison of Treatment in Real Life Situations (PAIN-CONTRoLS): Bayesian Adaptive Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Trial. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:68-76. [PMID: 32809014 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy (CSPN) is a common generalized slowly progressive neuropathy, second in prevalence only to diabetic neuropathy. Most patients with CSPN have significant pain. Many medications have been tried for pain reduction in CSPN, including antiepileptics, antidepressants, and sodium channel blockers. There are no comparative studies that identify the most effective medication for pain reduction in CSPN. Objective To determine which medication (pregabalin, duloxetine, nortriptyline, or mexiletine) is most effective for reducing neuropathic pain and best tolerated in patients with CSPN. Design, Setting, and Participants From December 1, 2014, through October 20, 2017, a bayesian adaptive, open-label randomized clinical comparative effectiveness study of pain in 402 participants with CSPN was conducted at 40 neurology care clinics. The trial included response adaptive randomization. Participants were patients with CSPN who were 30 years or older, with a pain score of 4 or greater on a numerical rating scale (range, 0-10, with higher scores indicating a higher level of pain). Participant allocation to 1 of 4 drug groups used the utility function and treatment's sample size for response adaptation randomization. At each interim analysis, a decision was made to continue enrolling (up to 400 participants) or stop the whole trial for success (80% power). Patient engagement was maintained throughout the trial, which helped guide the study and identify ways to communicate and disseminate information. Analysis was performed from December 11, 2015, to January 19, 2018. Interventions Participants were randomized to receive nortriptyline (n = 134), duloxetine (n = 126), pregabalin (n = 73), or mexiletine (n = 69). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a utility function that was a composite of the efficacy (participant reported pain reduction of ≥50% from baseline to week 12) and quit (participants who discontinued medication) rates. Results Among the 402 participants (213 men [53.0%]; mean [SD] age, 60.1 [13.4] years; 343 White [85.3%]), the utility function of nortriptyline was 0.81 (95% bayesian credible interval [CrI], 0.69-0.93; 34 of 134 [25.4%] efficacious; and 51 of 134 [38.1%] quit), of duloxetine was 0.80 (95% CrI, 0.68-0.92; 29 of 126 [23.0%] efficacious; and 47 of 126 [37.3%] quit), pregabalin was 0.69 (95% CrI, 0.55-0.84; 11 of 73 [15.1%] efficacious; and 31 of 73 [42.5%] quit), and mexiletine was 0.58 (95% CrI, 0.42-0.75; 14 of 69 [20.3%] efficacious; and 40 of 69 [58.0%] quit). The probability each medication yielded the highest utility was 0.52 for nortriptyline, 0.43 for duloxetine, 0.05 for pregabalin, and 0.00 for mexiletine. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that, although there was no clearly superior medication, nortriptyline and duloxetine outperformed pregabalin and mexiletine when pain reduction and undesirable adverse effects are combined to a single end point. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02260388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Byron Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Alexandra Brown
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Laura L Herbelin
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Kim S Kimminau
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Dinesh Pal Mudaranthakam
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Omar Jawdat
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gil Wolfe
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard Lewis
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ted Burns
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - Vera Bril
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tuan Vu
- University of South Florida-Tampa, Tampa
| | | | - Mark Bazant
- Norton Neurology Services, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | | | | | - Christen Kutz
- Colorado Springs Neurological Associates, Colorado Springs
| | | | | | | | - James Wymer
- University of Florida-Gainesville, Gainesville
| | | | | | | | | | - Navin Verma
- Neurological Services of Orlando Research, Orlando, Florida
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Himeno T, Kamiya H, Nakamura J. Lumos for the long trail: Strategies for clinical diagnosis and severity staging for diabetic polyneuropathy and future directions. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:5-16. [PMID: 31677343 PMCID: PMC6944828 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy, which is a chronic symmetrical length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy, is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy. Although diabetic polyneuropathy is the most important risk factor in cases of diabetic foot, given its poor prognosis, the criteria for diagnosis and staging of diabetic polyneuropathy has not been established; consequently, no disease-modifying treatment is available. Most criteria and scoring systems that were previously proposed consist of clinical signs, symptoms and quantitative examinations, including sensory function tests and nerve conduction study. However, in diabetic polyneuropathy, clinical symptoms, including numbness, pain and allodynia, show no significant correlation with the development of pathophysiological changes in the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, these proposed criteria and scoring systems have failed to become a universal clinical end-point for large-scale clinical trials evaluating the prognosis in diabetes patients. We should use quantitative examinations of which validity has been proven. Nerve conduction study, for example, has been proven effective to evaluate dysfunctions of large nerve fibers. Baba's classification, which uses a nerve conduction study, is one of the most promising diagnostic methods. Loss of small nerve fibers can be determined using corneal confocal microscopy and intra-epidermal nerve fiber density. However, no staging criteria have been proposed using these quantitative evaluations for small fiber neuropathy. To establish a novel diagnostic and staging criteria of diabetic polyneuropathy, we propose three principles to be considered: (i) include only generalizable objective quantitative tests; (ii) exclude clinical symptoms and signs; and (iii) do not restrictively exclude other causes of polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
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Levine TD, Kafaie J, Zeidman LA, Saperstein DS, Massaquoi R, Bland RJ, Pestronk A. Cryptogenic small‐fiber neuropathies: Serum autoantibody binding to trisulfated heparan disaccharide and fibroblast growth factor receptor‐3. Muscle Nerve 2019; 61:512-515. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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MacDonald S, Sharma TL, Li J, Polston D, Li Y. Longitudinal follow‐up of biopsy‐proven small fiber neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:376-381. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesLearner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio
| | - David Polston
- Department of NeurologyCleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
| | - Yuebing Li
- Department of NeurologyCleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
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13
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Ricci L, Luigetti M, Florio L, Capone F, Di Lazzaro V. Causes of chronic neuropathies: a single-center experience. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1611-1617. [PMID: 31001716 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-0129-03899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic neuropathies are a common cause of neurological disability worldwide. However, few reports have evaluated, in real life, the prevalence of the several conditions which can cause it. PATIENTS AND METHODS The authors reviewed informatic database for outpatient office to confirm identification of chronic neuropathy in a 3-year interval period. RESULTS Among the 100 selected patients with chronic neuropathies, almost one fifth (19%) remained idiopathic. The most common etiologies were diabetes (17%), dysimmune neuropathies (38%), and vitamin B12 deficiency (9%). In the "dysimmune neuropathies" group, we distinguished various etiologies, including dysimmune neuropathies associated or not with systemic autoimmune diseases (7 and 3%, respectively), chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy (CIDP) (8%), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) (3%), paraproteinemic (8%), celiac disease-related (6%), and paraneoplastic (3%) neuropathies. CONCLUSIONS In this report from a single neurological center, treatable causes of chronic neuropathies, such as dysimmune neuropathies, including CIDP, and celiac disease-associated neuropathy, were common. These findings suggest the utility of routine screening with blood testing for dysimmune neuropathy and celiac disease for all patients presenting with idiopathic chronic polyneuropathy in whom primary diagnostic testings had failed to identify an etiology for the disease. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that patients with peripheral neuropathy could receive a benefit from being evaluated routinely in a specialized neurological center, as many of the conditions that were discovered represented potentially treatable causes of neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricci
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Luigetti
- IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Florio
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Sommer C, Geber C, Young P, Forst R, Birklein F, Schoser B. Polyneuropathies. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 115:83-90. [PMID: 29478436 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyneuropathies (peripheral neuropathies) are the most common type of disorder of the peripheral nervous system in adults, and specifically in the elderly, with an estimated prevalence of 5-8%, depending on age. The options for treatment depend on the cause, which should therefore be identified as precisely as possible by an appropriate diagnostic evaluation. METHODS This review is based on the current guidelines and on large-scale cohort studies and randomized, controlled trials published from 2000 to 2017, with an emphasis on non-hereditary types of polyneuropathy, that were retrieved by a selective search in PubMed. RESULTS Diabetes is the most common cause of polyneuropathy in Europe and North America. Alcohol-associated polyneuropathy has a prevalence of 22-66% among persons with chronic alcoholism. Because of the increasing prevalence of malignant disease and the use of new chemotherapeutic drugs, chemotherapy-induced neuropathies (CIN) have gained in clinical importance; their prevalence is often stated to be 30-40%, with high variation depending on the drug(s) and treatment regimen used. Polyneuropathy can also arise from genetic causes or as a consequence of vitamin deficiency or overdose, exposure to toxic substances and drugs, and a variety of immunological processes. About half of all cases of polyneu - ropathy are associated with pain. Neuropathic pain can be treated symptomatically with medication. Exercise, physiotherapy, and ergotherapy can also be beneficial, depending on the patient's symptoms and functional deficits. CONCLUSION A timely diagnosis of the cause of polyneuropathy is a prerequisite for the initiation of appropriate specific treatment. Patients with severe neuropathy of unidentified cause should be referred to a specialized center for a thorough diagnostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg; DRK Pain Center Mainz; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Münster University; University Orthopedic Clinic Erlangen; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mainz; Friedrich-Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich
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15
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Ricci L, Luigetti M, Florio L, Capone F, Di Lazzaro V. Causes of chronic neuropathies: a single-center experience. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1611-1617. [PMID: 31001716 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic neuropathies are a common cause of neurological disability worldwide. However, few reports have evaluated, in real life, the prevalence of the several conditions which can cause it. PATIENTS AND METHODS The authors reviewed informatic database for outpatient office to confirm identification of chronic neuropathy in a 3-year interval period. RESULTS Among the 100 selected patients with chronic neuropathies, almost one fifth (19%) remained idiopathic. The most common etiologies were diabetes (17%), dysimmune neuropathies (38%), and vitamin B12 deficiency (9%). In the "dysimmune neuropathies" group, we distinguished various etiologies, including dysimmune neuropathies associated or not with systemic autoimmune diseases (7 and 3%, respectively), chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy (CIDP) (8%), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) (3%), paraproteinemic (8%), celiac disease-related (6%), and paraneoplastic (3%) neuropathies. CONCLUSIONS In this report from a single neurological center, treatable causes of chronic neuropathies, such as dysimmune neuropathies, including CIDP, and celiac disease-associated neuropathy, were common. These findings suggest the utility of routine screening with blood testing for dysimmune neuropathy and celiac disease for all patients presenting with idiopathic chronic polyneuropathy in whom primary diagnostic testings had failed to identify an etiology for the disease. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that patients with peripheral neuropathy could receive a benefit from being evaluated routinely in a specialized neurological center, as many of the conditions that were discovered represented potentially treatable causes of neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricci
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Luigetti
- IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Florio
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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McCorquodale D, Smith AG. Clinical electrophysiology of axonal polyneuropathies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 161:217-240. [PMID: 31307603 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64142-7.00051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Axonal neuropathies encompass a wide range of acquired and inherited disorders with electrophysiologic characteristics that arise from the unique neurophysiology of the axon. Accurate interpretation of nerve conduction studies and electromyography requires an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of the axon. Here we review the unique neurophysiologic properties of the axon and how they relate to clinical electrodiagnostic features. We review the length-dependent Wallerian or "dying-back" processes as well as the emerging body of literature from acquired axonal neuropathies that highlights the importance of axonal disease at the nodes of Ranvier. Neurophysiologic features of individual inherited and acquired axonal diseases, including primary nerve disease as well as systemic immune mediated, metabolic, and toxic diseases involving the peripheral nerve, are reviewed. This comprehensive review of electrodiagnostic findings coupled with the current understanding of pathophysiology will aid the clinician in the evaluation of axonal polyneuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald McCorquodale
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - A Gordon Smith
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Sommer C, Geber C, Young P, Forst R, Birklein F, Schoser B. Polyneuropathies. DEUTSCHES ÄRZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Abuzinadah AR, Kluding P, Wright D, DʼSilva L, Ryals J, Hendry B, Jawdat O, Herbelin L, McVey AL, Barohn RJ, Dimachkie MM, Pasnoor M. Less is More in Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis: Comparison of Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex and Skin Biopsy. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2017; 19:5-11. [PMID: 28827483 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the frequency of abnormalities in epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD) and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex (QSART) in patients with diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN). METHODS Nerve conduction studies, ENFD, and QSART data were obtained pre- and postexercise, in patients enrolled in a prospective diabetic neuropathy study. McNemar's test was applied to compare the yield of ENFD and QSART. RESULTS Eighteen patients (58 ± 4 years) were enrolled, with 36 data collection points. In diabetic DSPN and diabetic large fiber DSPN (DSPN-L), abnormal ENFD (77% and 100% respectively) is more frequent than abnormal QSART (39% and 35%, respectively) (P value = 0.001 in diabetic DSPN and P value = 0.0002 in diabetic DSPN-L), whereas in diabetic small fiber DSPN (DSPN-S), both tests have similar yields (47%). CONCLUSIONS ENFD has a high diagnostic yield in diabetic DSPN and DSPN-L. Including QSART data adds little to the sensitivity of EFND in DSPN-S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Abuzinadah
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Departments of †Physical Therapy and ‡Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; §Clinical and Translational Science Unit, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; and ¶Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Brown AR, Gajewski BJ, Aaronson LS, Mudaranthakam DP, Hunt SL, Berry SM, Quintana M, Pasnoor M, Dimachkie MM, Jawdat O, Herbelin L, Barohn RJ. A Bayesian comparative effectiveness trial in action: developing a platform for multisite study adaptive randomization. Trials 2016; 17:428. [PMID: 27577191 PMCID: PMC5006258 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last few decades, the number of trials using Bayesian methods has grown rapidly. Publications prior to 1990 included only three clinical trials that used Bayesian methods, but that number quickly jumped to 19 in the 1990s and to 99 from 2000 to 2012. While this literature provides many examples of Bayesian Adaptive Designs (BAD), none of the papers that are available walks the reader through the detailed process of conducting a BAD. This paper fills that gap by describing the BAD process used for one comparative effectiveness trial (Patient Assisted Intervention for Neuropathy: Comparison of Treatment in Real Life Situations) that can be generalized for use by others. A BAD was chosen with efficiency in mind. Response-adaptive randomization allows the potential for substantially smaller sample sizes, and can provide faster conclusions about which treatment or treatments are most effective. An Internet-based electronic data capture tool, which features a randomization module, facilitated data capture across study sites and an in-house computation software program was developed to implement the response-adaptive randomization. Results A process for adapting randomization with minimal interruption to study sites was developed. A new randomization table can be generated quickly and can be seamlessly integrated in the data capture tool with minimal interruption to study sites. Conclusion This manuscript is the first to detail the technical process used to evaluate a multisite comparative effectiveness trial using adaptive randomization. An important opportunity for the application of Bayesian trials is in comparative effectiveness trials. The specific case study presented in this paper can be used as a model for conducting future clinical trials using a combination of statistical software and a web-based application. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02260388, registered on 6 October 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Byron J Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Lauren S Aaronson
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Dinesh Pal Mudaranthakam
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Suzanne L Hunt
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Scott M Berry
- Berry Consultants, 4301 Westbank Drive, Suite 140, Bldg B, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Melanie Quintana
- Berry Consultants, 4301 Westbank Drive, Suite 140, Bldg B, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Omar Jawdat
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Laura Herbelin
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Chroni E, Veltsista D, Gavanozi E, Vlachou T, Polychronopoulos P, Papathanasopoulos P. Pure sensory chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy: rapid deterioration after steroid treatment. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:27. [PMID: 25885891 PMCID: PMC4359520 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) as a pure sensory variant is rarely encountered. Therefore the best treatment option is hard to define. CASE PRESENTATIONS We reported two middle-aged patients of Caucasian origin, one female and one male, who over a period of several months presented limbs and gait ataxia. Clinical and neurophysiological examination revealed only sensory abnormalities. A diagnosis of atypical CIDP was suggested, considering the elevated CSF protein level and the presence of anti-gangliosides antibodies. Ten and 15 days respectively after initiation of prednisolone treatment both patients experienced exacerbation of sensory symptoms and emerging of muscle weakness. Steroids were then substituted by rituximab in the first patient and intravenous immunoglobulin in the second patient resulting in gradual decrement of symptoms and signs. Two-year follow-up showed no further deterioration. CONCLUSION Caution should be exercised when treating cases of pure sensory polyneuropathy with high dose steroids since an unfavorable outcome is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Chroni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Veltsista
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Evangelia Gavanozi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Tavitha Vlachou
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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Gajewski BJ, Berry SM, Quintana M, Pasnoor M, Dimachkie M, Herbelin L, Barohn R. Building efficient comparative effectiveness trials through adaptive designs, utility functions, and accrual rate optimization: finding the sweet spot. Stat Med 2015; 34:1134-49. [PMID: 25640114 DOI: 10.1002/sim.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The time is right for the use of Bayesian Adaptive Designs (BAD) in comparative effectiveness trials. For example, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute has joined the Food and Drug Administration and National Intitutes of Health in adopting policies/guidelines encouraging their use. There are multiple aspects to BAD that need to be considered when designing a comparative effectiveness design. First, the adaptation rules can determine the expected size of the trial. Second, a utility function can be used to combine extremely important co-endpoints (e.g., efficacy and tolerability) and is a valuable tool for incorporating clinical expertise and potentially patient preference. Third, accrual rate is also very, very important. Specifically, there is a juxtaposition related to accrual and BAD. If accrual rate is too fast we never gain efficient information for adapting. If accrual rate is too slow we never finish the clinical trial. We propose methodology for finding the 'sweet spot' for BAD that addresses these as design parameters. We demonstrate the methodology on a comparative effectiveness BAD of pharmaceutical agents in cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy. The study has five arms with two endpoints that are combined with a utility function. The accrual rate is assumed to stem from multiple sites. We perform simulations from which the composite accrual rates across sites result in various piecewise Poisson distributions as parameter inputs. We balance both average number of patients needed and average length of time to finish the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron J Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, 66160, KS, U.S.A
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Abstract
Neuropathic disorders encompass those that affect the neuron's cell body or neuronopathies, those affecting the peripheral process, or peripheral neuropathies. The peripheral neuropathies can be broadly subdivided into the myelinopathies and axonopathies, conditions which can be hereditary or acquired. Each of these disorders has distinct clinical features that enable neurologists to recognize the various patterns of presentation. Once a particular pattern is established, further laboratory studies can be performed to support the clinical impression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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