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Coelho-Junior HJ, Calvani R, Picca A, Landi F, Marzetti E. The influence of ageism on the hallmarks of aging: Where age stigma and biology collide. Exp Gerontol 2024; 196:112575. [PMID: 39241989 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Ageism encompasses the creation of negative stereotypes of aging that culminate in the development of prejudicial thoughts and discriminatory actions against people in advanced age. Stereotypes refer to major characteristics, overgeneralized, not supported by observations, that are created to categorize, simplify, and combine complex characteristics, attributes, and behaviors shared by members of a group into more simplistic categories. Negative aging stereotypes include the assumption that old people are weak, reminiscent, sick, and tired, to quote a few. In early age, these views may generate intergenerational conflicts between young and old people, but they seem to have little effect on other aspects of life. However, in middle-aged and older adults, the presence of negative-self stereotypes of aging are significantly associated with several health parameters, including walking speed, cognitive function, mental health problems, and accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Furthermore, observational studies found that ageism might be associated with cardiovascular events, obesity, dementia, and death. These harmful effects are possibly mediated by the interaction between ageism and fundamental mechanisms of aging, mainly inflammation. Given the clinical implications of this relationship, the present manuscript provides a critical review of the available literature that examined associations between ageism and health parameters. We also discuss the main possible mechanisms underlying this association, the main limitations of the current literature, candidate strategies to counteract ageism, and directions to future studies. Finally, we provide a critical opinion of the current scenario and its potential adaptability to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Patel S, Akinlotan MA, Nimmons K, Burch D. The impact of an aging simulation program for dental students in two community dental clinics. J Dent Educ 2024. [PMID: 38982563 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinicians who have not experienced the difficulties that come with aging or disability may be unable to relate to the limitations and experiences of afflicted patients, which is necessary to improve patient-provider connection and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an aging-simulation experience on improving dental students' awareness of aging-related limitations, examine the students' perceptions, and assess planned patient-care modifications based on the aging-simulation experience. METHODS A total of 78 dental students who rotated through two extramural clinic sites from August 2021 through October 2022 completed pre-simulation surveys, donned aging simulators in the dental operatory, initiated pre-defined tasks and their corresponding modifications, completed a post-simulation survey, and completed a reflection questionnaire containing structured and open-ended questions. Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive frequencies and paired sample t-tests, whereas thematic analyses were used to interpret free-text portion of the reflection questionnaire. RESULTS Student awareness of the impact of the four aging-related disabilities improved after the experience. Visual impairment was identified as the most difficult symptom to experience during simulation. Students reported increased feelings of empathy and acknowledged the effectiveness of clinical practice modifications to accommodate elderly patients with limitations. Students also expressed intentions to make similar modifications in their future clinical practice and the need for exposure to longer periods of simulated experiences to further clinical practice modifications for elderly patients. CONCLUSION The aging-simulation experience is an effective tool for raising dental students' awareness of aging-related difficulties, the need for clinical practice modifications, and increasing empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simmi Patel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marvellous A Akinlotan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Katy Nimmons
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dan Burch
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Sureshkumar A, Payne MW, Viana R, Hunter SW. An eight-year analysis of participant characteristics at admission to inpatient prosthetic rehabilitation following a lower limb amputation: a Canadian perspective. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:3037-3047. [PMID: 37498002 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2240231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe admission and discharge characteristics of participants admitted to prosthetic rehabilitation following a lower limb amputation and determine changes in participant characteristics including if the population has gotten older over time at admission. METHODS A retrospective chart audit of consecutive admissions to an amputee rehabilitation program. Study criteria were transtibial level LLA and above and ≥ 18 years old. Admission characteristics included: age, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) and days between amputation surgery and admission. Discharge characteristics included the L -Test of Functional Mobility (L-Test), 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. Multivariable linear regression modelling quantified the association between participant characteristics and admission time. RESULTS A total of 601 participants (62.3 ± 14.1 years) were included, 63 were (84.9 ± 3.7 years) aged 80 and over. FCI scores [β = 70.34, (95% CI: 20.93, 119.74), p = 0.005] and days between amputation surgery [β = -0.08, (95% CI: -0.13, -0.02), p = 0.011] were independently associated with admission time. CONCLUSION People with an LLA are presenting with a higher number of comorbidities at admission over time while being admitted faster from amputation surgery. Future research should investigate the impact of these changing characteristics on rehabilitation outcomes to better assist this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W Payne
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Parkwood Institute London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricardo Viana
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Parkwood Institute London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan W Hunter
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Howell BM, Hiratsuka VY, Worthington AK, Redmond LC. Student experiences with an interprofessional hope-based healthy aging research project. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38832640 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2024.2362766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Interprofessional education (IPE) and research enhances learning, team-based communication, and cross-disciplinary collaborations, which can result in higher quality care for older adults. Despite the importance of IPE, it remains underutilized in higher education, demonstrating the need for extracurricular IPE opportunities. This study describes an interprofessional research project that brought together faculty, undergraduate, and graduate students from several health and social science disciplines to design and deliver a 15-week healthy aging program for older adults living in the urban Circumpolar North. Five faculty and one graduate research assistant led the project while eight students team-taught weekly, 1-hour sessions in the community focusing on healthy lifestyles within a framework of Persuasive Hope Theory. This paper describes the project, the student training procedures, and reports the results of the student satisfaction survey regarding their involvement with the research. Using a student self-assessment survey, students report gains in thinking like a scientist, increased confidence conducting research tasks, benefits from teamwork, and greater consideration of the needs of older adults in their field of study. Despite a small sample size, this study also suggests that students may be more likely to consider a career working with older adults if given hands-on experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britteny M Howell
- Population Health Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska, USA
- National Resource Center for Alaska Native Elders, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Vanessa Y Hiratsuka
- National Resource Center for Alaska Native Elders, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska, USA
- Research, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | | | - Leslie C Redmond
- Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Akpınar Söylemez B, Özgül E, Akyol MA, Küçükgüçlü Ö. Effectiveness of the aged simulation suit on undergraduate nursing students' attitudes and empathy toward older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 77:103990. [PMID: 38733958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the aged simulation suit on undergraduate nursing students' attitudes and empathy toward older adults. BACKGROUND A new approach to teaching to enhance nursing students' attitudes toward and empathy for older adults involves the use of an aging simulation suit. DESIGN This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to determine the efficacy of the aged simulation suit on the attitudes and empathy of undergraduate nursing students toward older adults. This protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis was registered as CRD 42023393879 on the PROSPERO database. METHODS In February-March 2023, a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled and quasi-experimental studies was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Population, Intervention, Control, Outcomes, Study Design (PICOS) structure was used for search strategy. Databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, as well as ULAKBIM, Turkish Medline, Turkiye Klinikleri, and YOK National Thesis Center, were searched for the articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used to evaluate the methodological quality of a study and the extent to which its design, conduct, and analysis addressed the possibility of bias. RESULTS The meta-analyses of attitudes toward older adults included six studies (including 535 nursing students). The intervention group's attitudes toward older adults were found to be similar to those of the control group (SMD: 15.84, Z= 1.98, p= 0.05). The subgroup analyses revealed similarities between intervention group's and the control group's mean score on attitudes toward older adults (SMD: 4.85, Z=0.70, p=0.48, for RCT; SMD: 23.05, Z= 2.02, p=0.04, for quasi-experimental). Three studies (involving 207 nursing students) revealed significantly higher mean empathy score for the control group compared with the intervention group following the intervention (SMD: 7.08, Z=4.82, p=0.00001). The subgroup analyses revealed statistically significantly higher mean level of empathy for the control group compared with the intervention group was after the intervention (SMD: 7.49, Z=3.15, p=0.002, for RCT; SMD: 6.83, Z= 3.65, p=0.0003, for quasi-experimental). CONCLUSIONS Nursing students should be aware of older adults' feelings and experiences aging-related changes and aged simulation interventions can be a useful intervention to allow students to empathize with an older adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Akpınar Söylemez
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ecem Özgül
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Aliye Akyol
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Küçükgüçlü
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Hawley SR, St Romain T, Rogers N. Evaluation and comparison of aging education for undergraduates across multiple fields of study. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38562037 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2024.2334738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The college years represent a key opportunity for broadening the future gerontology workforce by introducing students to the aging content that may influence their career decisions, yet this content is often limited to students with behavioral health and health professions majors. The present study sought to determine the degree to which a Midwestern university's general education course on aging could increase learning, interest, knowledge, and ability to use knowledge for undergraduates across multiple fields of study. Participants included 560 undergraduate students, 48% of which were health professions majors, 28% behavioral health majors, and 23% majors in other fields. While all groups reported significant increases in learning, knowledge, and interest in aging studies, ANOVA found significant differences by students' field of study in reported ability to apply course knowledge in their career or organization. As demand increases for workers versed in the needs of the older adult population, it will be important for educators to incorporate career connections into aging studies coursework and make abundantly clear how students in all fields of study are necessary for the future gerontological workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne R Hawley
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wichita State University College of Health Professions, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Nicole Rogers
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wichita State University College of Health Professions, Wichita, Kansas, USA
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Bétrisey C, Carrier A, Cardinal JF, Lagacé M, Cohen AA, Beaulieu M, Baillargeon D, Levasseur M. Which interventions with youths counter ageism toward older adults? Results from a realist review. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2024; 45:323-344. [PMID: 37186802 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2023.2210521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related social biases - ageism - are developed at an early age. Interventions to counter ageism have been identified but little is known about their mechanisms, particularly in children. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of which interventions in youths are most effective, under which circumstances, how, and with what outcomes. Using 46 keywords in 6 databases, a realist review identified 24 studies published between 2000 and 2022 targeting youths under 18. A content analysis of these studies led to the construction of a Context-Mechanisms-Outcomes explanatory model. Contextual facilitators triggering mechanisms for changing stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination were: 1) enhancing knowledge about aging and older adults by providing nuanced information, 2) improving the quality of intergenerational contacts, 3) increasing opportunities to apply previously acquired knowledge in intergenerational interactions, and 4) promoting reflective thinking about experiences with older adults. However, stereotypes and prejudices appeared to be resistant and changes difficult to generalize. Insufficiently advanced cognitive development in children or viewing healthy and socially engaged older adults as unrepresentative of their age group were obstacles that reduced intervention effectiveness. Future studies should explore how advancing age influences interventions as well as the characteristics of older adults involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bétrisey
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Carrier
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cardinal
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Lagacé
- Department of Communication, Faculty of Arts, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie Beaulieu
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dany Baillargeon
- Department of Language, Literature and Communications, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Henry JD, Coundouris SP, Nangle MR. Breaking the links between ageism and health: An integrated perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102212. [PMID: 38307423 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Ageism refers to prejudice, stereotypes or discrimination based on a person's actual or perceived chronological age. While ageism can affect people at all stages of the human lifespan, ageism against older adults has emerged as the most pervasive and potentially harmful. Much is now understood about how ageism can impact older people's health and wellbeing via structural, organisational, and provider level biases that threaten the provision of equitable and ethical healthcare. Negative attitudes about age and ageing also contribute to workforce shortages in aged care sectors, such as residential aged care and nursing. However, often underappreciated is how self-directed ageism, which refers to ageism turned against oneself, can also be an important determinant of health and wellbeing. Relative to external sources of ageism, negative internalised ageist beliefs are not only experienced more frequently in older adults' everyday lives, but are also more strongly linked to their health and wellbeing. Here we highlight how this understanding means that eliminating ageism requires a multifaceted approach that targets not only health care systems and aged care professionals, but older people themselves. Because normal age-related cognitive changes in how we think, perceive and reason increase the risk of older people viewing themselves through a negative and ageist lens, we provide a novel discussion of how broader insights from cognitive ageing literature must play a central role in any agenda focused on breaking the links between ageism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Sarah P Coundouris
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew R Nangle
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Bartrim K, Waite C, Williams LT, O'Shea MC. Allied health students' experiences of older adults in residential aged care placements: A scoping review. Nutr Diet 2024; 81:107-119. [PMID: 38057994 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the attitudes and experiences of allied health students working with older adults on residential aged care placements. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies of any design describing allied health student experience of residential aged care placements. Online databases searched to identify potentially relevant documents included Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost) and Health and Medicine (ProQuest). Studies were excluded if residential aged care facilities or allied health professional students could not be extracted from the data. No restrictions were applied to methodological design, language, geographical location or year of publication. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess methodological quality. Extracted studies were analysed to identify the study design, participant and placement characteristics, study methodology and student experience measures. Data from the included studies were analysed thematically using meta-synthesis. RESULTS Six studies (total number of participants, n = 308) met inclusion criteria, with four papers scoring a 5/5 on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Studies included undergraduate and master's students from physiotherapy (n = 3), speech language pathology (n = 2), dietetics (n = 1) and audiology (n = 1). Placement length varied from two to 15 h, between one and six residential aged care visits. Three themes were identified; (1) Opportunity to improve skills and gain confidence, (2) Development of empathy and shift in attitudes towards older adults and (3) Recognised challenges associated with older adults and residential aged care settings. CONCLUSION While the size of the evidence-base is limited, the studies were largely consistent in demonstrating an increase in positive attitudes towards older adults following residential aged care placements. Future research, innovations and planning around workforce size, preparation and motivation must be prioritised to ensure older adults receive the care they need and deserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly Bartrim
- Centre for Community Health and Wellbeing and School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cassandra Waite
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren T Williams
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marie-Claire O'Shea
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Sun Y, Wang S, Tsai Y, Wei W, Chang H. Registered nurses' perceptions and experience of working in aged care: A qualitative approach. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2060. [PMID: 38268266 PMCID: PMC10721945 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To understand and report on the perceptions and experiences of registered nurses in the aged care sector. DESIGN An exploratory qualitative study. METHODS Semi-structured telephone interviews were utilised as the primary data collection method. Fifteen registered nurses were interviewed. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using conventional content analysis. Participants were quoted verbatim to ensure authenticity. RESULTS The results indicated a demand for increased administrative and staffing support in the aged care workplace. Poor morale and unethical practices contributed to negative perceptions and attitudes among nurses towards aged care. Managing and communicating with older people was reported as challenging, which impacts nursing staff recruitment and retention. Future work is needed to ensure that outstanding clinical role models and leadership support nursing staff recruitment and retention. Incorporating aged care content into the nursing curriculum and providing professional development opportunities to aged care professionals would be the foundation towards solutions, as the study primarily explored nurses' perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Jhu Sun
- Nursing Service and Residential Aged CareRoyal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shou‐Yu Wang
- Discipline of Nursing, School of HealthUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yvette Tsai
- School of Health ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Wenxi Wei
- Multicultural Communities Council of IllawarraWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hui‐Chen Chang
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyWestern Sydney UniversityParramattaNew South WalesAustralia
- School of NursingUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
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Sureshkumar A, Payne MW, Viana R, Hunter SW. The Effect of Advanced Age on Prosthetic Rehabilitation Functional Outcomes in People With Lower Limb Amputations: A Retrospective Chart Audit of Inpatient Admissions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:1827-1832. [PMID: 37119956 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of age on functional outcomes at discharge from prosthetic rehabilitation. DESIGN Retrospective chart audit. SETTING Rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS Individuals ≥50 years with a transtibial level lower limb amputation (LLA) and above admitted to the inpatient prosthetic rehabilitation program from 2012 to 2019 (n=504). A secondary analysis included a subset of matched participants (n=156). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The L-Test of Functional Mobility (L-Test), 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. RESULTS A total of 504 participants (66.7±10.1 years) met the inclusion criteria, 63 participants (84.9±3.7 years) were part of the oldest old group. The sample was stratified into 4 age groups (50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80+) for data analysis. The analysis of variances were statistically significant for all outcome measures (P<.001). Post-hoc testing for the L-Test, 2MWT, and 6MWT demonstrated that the oldest old had significantly reduced performance compared with people 50-59 years old (P<.05), but there were no significant differences between the oldest old and the 60-69 [(L-Test, P=.802), (2MWT, P=.570), (6MWT, P=.772)] and 70-79 [(L-Test, P=.148), (2MWT, P=.338), (6MWT, P=.300)] age groups. The oldest old reported significantly lower balance confidence compared with all 3 age groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION The oldest old achieved similar functional mobility outcomes as people 60-79 years, the most common age group of people with an LLA. Advanced age alone should not disqualify individuals from prosthetic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W Payne
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Parkwood Institute London, Canada; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ricardo Viana
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Parkwood Institute London, Canada; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Susan W Hunter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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12
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Marchini L. Educating dental students to provide compassionate age friendly care for older adults. J Dent Educ 2023. [PMID: 37082979 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
As the world population ages, the need for age friendly care increases. In dentistry, age friendly care requires an appropriate comprehension of multiple factors that can be categorized in socio-economic circumstances, systemic health problems, and oral health conditions. In addition to the understanding of these factors and its relationships among each other, the future dental workforce should also be aware of unconscious and pervasive societal stereotypical perception of older persons, aging, and being old, which results in ageism and ageist attitudes. Dental schools can play an important role on raising ageism awareness and combating ageism in healthcare, thus preparing the future of the dental workforce to provide compassionate age friendly care. This paper will discuss ageism in dental schools and learning strategies used to combat it and increase compassionate care delivery for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Martín-Carbonell M, Espejo B, Castro-Melo GP, Sequeira-Daza D, Checa I. Psychometric Properties of and Measurement Invariance in the Questionnaire of Stereotypes Toward Older Adulthood in Health Care College Students and Health Professionals of Colombia: Psychometric Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42340. [PMID: 36892936 PMCID: PMC10037170 DOI: 10.2196/42340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health professionals, negative stereotypes toward older adulthood have been associated with the difficulty in recognizing pathological processes and the refusal to care for older patients because of assuming that communication with them will be uncomfortable and frustrating. For these reasons, research on stereotypes in these groups has acquired growing importance. The usual strategy to identify and evaluate agist stereotypes is to use scales and questionnaires. Although multiple scales are currently used, in Latin America, the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Negative Stereotypes Toward Older Adulthood (Cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos sobre la Vejez [CENVE]), developed in Spain, is widely used but without evidence of construct validity in our context. In addition, although in the original version, a factorial structure of 3 factors was found, in later studies, a unifactorial structure was obtained. OBJECTIVE The objective is to study the construct validity of the CENVE in a sample of Colombian health personnel to clarify its factorial structure and concurrent validity. Likewise, the measurement invariance according to gender and age was studied. METHODS A nonprobabilistic sample of 877 Colombian health professionals and intern health students was obtained. The data were collected online using the LimeSurvey tool. To study the factor structure of the CENVE, 2 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were carried out, one to test a single factor and the other to test the 3-related-factor structure. The factor measurement reliability was evaluated with the composite reliability index (CRI) and the average variance extracted (AVE). The measurement invariance was studied according to gender (men and women) and age (emerging adults, 18-29 years old, and adults, 30 years old or older). Using a structural equation model, the relationship between age and the latent CENVE total score was studied to obtain evidence of concurrent validity, since studies indicate that the younger the age, the greater the number of stereotypes. RESULTS The 1-factor structure was confirmed. The reliability results indicated that both indices show adequate values. Likewise, the existence of a strong invariance in measurement by gender and age group was verified. After contrasting the means of the groups, the results showed that men show more negative stereotypes toward old age than women. Likewise, emerging adults also showed more stereotypes than adults. We also verified that age is inversely related to the latent score of the questionnaire, such that the younger the age, the greater the stereotype. These results are in agreement with those obtained by other authors. CONCLUSIONS The CENVE shows good construct and concurrent validity, as well as good reliability, and it can be used to assess stereotypes toward older adulthood in Colombian health professionals and health sciences college students. This will allow us to better understand the effect of stereotypes on agism.
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Naughton C, Hayes N, Ezhova I, Fitzpatrick JM. Evaluation of the feasibility of an Education-Career pathway in Healthcare for Older People (ECHO) for early career nurses. Int J Older People Nurs 2023; 18:e12526. [PMID: 36658469 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid population ageing is driving demand for qualified gerontological nurses. Yet, early career nurse attrition and limited focus on retention in the speciality limits supply. OBJECTIVES To test the feasibility and acceptability of an Education-Career pathway in Healthcare for Older People (ECHO) intervention for early career nurses to improve retention and capability in gerontological nursing. ECHO is a multicomponent intervention with integrated education, career planning and coaching components, tested over two 6-month cycles. METHODS A feasibility study with a pre-post design using a multi-methods evaluation. Twenty-nine early career nurse participants were recruited from eight NHS acute and community care Trusts in England. ECHO participants completed online questionnaires at baseline (Time 1), 6-month (T2, end of intervention) and follow-up at 18 months from baseline (T3). Outcome measures were career intention, self-reported knowledge, career planning confidence, and burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with participants (n = 23) and organizational stakeholders (n = 16) who facilitated ECHO. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests for paired data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. RESULTS Overall, 19 of 29 participants (65%) completed all aspects of the intervention. The evaluation was completed by 23 participants. ECHO was well received by participants and stakeholders. At T3, the 23 participants were working in the speciality, though two had changed organizations. There was a significant improvement in self-reported gerontological knowledge, pre 87 (IQR 81-102), post 107 (IQR 98-112) p = 0.006, but no significant changes in other outcomes. In qualitative data, participants and organizational stakeholders held similar views, presented under four main themes: intended outcomes (personal and professional development, raise gerontological profile, expand horizons); nurse retention-a double-edged sword, ECHO logistics, and sustainability. CONCLUSION Education-Career pathway in Healthcare for Older People was feasible and may positively impact early career nurse retention, capability and socialization into gerontological nursing. ECHO requires further refinement and piloting, but learning can contribute to retention strategies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Attracting and retaining early-career nurses to the gerontological speciality requires greater innovation, organizational and senior nurse leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Naughton
- Clinical Nursing in Older People's Healthcare, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health, South SouthWest Hospital Group (SSWHG), Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicky Hayes
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Joanne M Fitzpatrick
- Older People's Healthcare, Care for Long Term Conditions Research Division, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
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Allué-Sierra L, Antón-Solanas I, Rodríguez-Roca B, Anguas-Gracia A, Echániz-Serrano E, Fernández-Rodrigo MT, Navas-Ferrer C, Subirón-Valera AB, Urcola-Pardo F, Satústegui-Dordá PJ. Ageism and nursing students, past or reality?: A systematic review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 122:105739. [PMID: 36731247 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to summarise and update existing knowledge about ageism among nursing students through the following research question: what is the perception and attitudes of ageism among student nurses? DESIGN A systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of ageism in nursing students was carried out. DATA SOURCES The literature search was conducted in the scientific databases Pubmed and Scopus in February 2021. REVIEW METHODS After the screening process, 22 studies meeting the selection criteria were selected; 8 more were identified after manually searching the selected paper' reference lists. A total of 30 studies were included in the review. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists for Analytical Cross-Sectional studies and for Cohort Studies were used to appraise the articles' quality. RESULTS There was large variability in the manifestation of ageism among student nurses, as well as in the instruments used for assessment. Most of the articles analysed attitudes towards old age, the majority of which were positive. Being a female student, being on the final year of study and having regular contact or cohabitation with an older adult were three of the main determinants in the expression of positive attitudes towards the elderly. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that student nurses generally have positive attitudes towards old age, although ageist beliefs and discriminatory behaviours were identified and should be studied in greater depth. Training programs for future care professionals have a responsibility to educate from a non-stereotypical perspective based on current societal needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Antón-Solanas
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Research group Nursing Research in Primary Care in Aragón (GENIAPA) (GIIS094), Institute of Research of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Roca
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ana Anguas-Gracia
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Research group Water and Environmental Health (B43_20R), University Institute of Research in Environmental Science of Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Research group Safety and Care (GIISA0021), Institute of Research of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Emmanuel Echániz-Serrano
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Fernández-Rodrigo
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Research group Water and Environmental Health (B43_20R), University Institute of Research in Environmental Science of Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carlos Navas-Ferrer
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Subirón-Valera
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Research group Water and Environmental Health (B43_20R), University Institute of Research in Environmental Science of Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Fernando Urcola-Pardo
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Research group Water and Environmental Health (B43_20R), University Institute of Research in Environmental Science of Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pedro J Satústegui-Dordá
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Research group Water and Environmental Health (B43_20R), University Institute of Research in Environmental Science of Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Devkota R, Dahlke S, Fox MT, Davidson S, Hunter KF, Butler JI, Shrestha S, Chasteen AL, Moody E, Martin LS, Pietrosanu M. E-learning modules to enhance student nurses' perceptions of older people: a single group pre-post quasi-experimental study. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2023; 20:ijnes-2023-0059. [PMID: 38029314 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether e-learning activities on cognitive impairment (CI), continence and mobility (CM) and understanding and communication (UC) improve student nurses' knowledge and attitudes in the care of older adults. METHODS A quasi-experimental single group pre-post-test design was used. We included 299 undergraduate nursing students for the CI module, 304 for the CM module, and 313 for the UC module. We administered knowledge quizzes, Likert scales, and a feedback survey to measure student nurses' knowledge, ageist beliefs, and feedback on the modules respectively. RESULTS Participants demonstrated significantly more knowledge and reduced ageist attitudes following the e-learning activities. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that e-learning activities on cognitive impairment, continence and mobility, and understanding and communication improve knowledge and reduce ageist attitudes among nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Devkota
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sherry Dahlke
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mary T Fox
- School of Nursing, York University Centre for Aging Research & Education, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Davidson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey I Butler
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shovana Shrestha
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alison L Chasteen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elaine Moody
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lori Schindel Martin
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Attitude towards Older People According to Sociodemographic and Educational Variables in Students of a Chilean University. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7060130. [PMID: 36547266 PMCID: PMC9778483 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that attitude towards older people may be associated with sociodemographic and educational variables; hence, a positive attitude towards older people is key when training new university professionals. However, there is little evidence of this association in Chilean university students. The objective was to analyze students from a Chilean university's attitudes towards older people, according to sociodemographic and educational variables. Analytical and cross-sectional study; 515 students from a Chilean university were consulted online about their attitude towards older people using Kogan's Attitudes towards Old People scale. Additionally, sociodemographic and educational variables were recorded. The average score for positive attitude was 70.8 (±9.7), while the negative attitude score was 68.3 (±11.6). The total score was 139.1 (±16.6). Mostly, university students perceive themselves with a low-level positive attitude (61.2%). Additionally, older university students (26-42 years old); women; Chileans; students of law, speech therapy, and occupational therapy; students in their final years of the programs; and those who had training in older people outside the university have a more positive attitude towards older people. In Conclusion, a profile of sociodemographic and educational characteristics of students with a lower and higher attitude towards older age was investigated. These results are relevant since the way of seeing the aging process could regulate the training of future professionals and consequently generate changes in dealing with older people. Young people's perception of ageing would affect the treatment and incorporation of the older people in society and the adaptation of policies in this age group.
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Castellano-Rioja E, Botella-Navas M, López-Hernández L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Pérez-Ros P. Caring for the Elderly Enhances Positive Attitudes Better Than Knowledge in Nursing Students. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091201. [PMID: 36143876 PMCID: PMC9506512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is a growing interest in the measurement of attitudes towards older people in healthcare professionals, as there is a need to implement interventions to improve ageist attitudes. A one group pretest–posttest study was carried out to explore the change in nursing student attitudes towards the elderly during their university careers. Materials and Method: A total of 97 nursing students were enrolled. Attitudes were analyzed using Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Results: The attitude was positive from the beginning of the study, with a score of 110.06 (12.92). No differences were observed after completing the subject “Care of the elderly” (106.21 (10.77)), though a significant increase was recorded after the completion of clinical placement (142.88 (12.64)), with a large effect size (η2p = 0.754). The score of the positive items was significantly increased, but not that of the negative items, as ageist attitude was not reduced. Conclusion: The current curricular design, that includes taking the theoretical course before clinical placement in the geriatric area, increases positive attitudes in nursing students but does not reduce ageist attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castellano-Rioja
- Department of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46007 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Botella-Navas
- Department of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46007 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes López-Hernández
- Department of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46007 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, 46010—Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Research Group (FROG), Universitat de València, Menendez y Pelayo 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Pilar Pérez-Ros
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Research Group (FROG), Universitat de València, Menendez y Pelayo 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Wanko Keutchafo EL, Kerr J, Baloyi OB, Duma SE. Conditions Influencing Effective Nurse Nonverbal Communication With Hospitalized Older Adults in Cameroon. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2022; 9:23333936221098751. [PMID: 35647218 PMCID: PMC9131379 DOI: 10.1177/23333936221098751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective communication between nurses and patients is an important factor to quality nursing care but ineffective nonverbal communication could take a toll on health care. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence nonverbal communication between nurses and hospitalized older adults could help solve communication problems, thus improve nursing care. A sample of 13 nurses and 4 student nurses from two hospitals in Cameroon participated in the study. Data were collected using participant observations and semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using open coding and constant comparative analysis. Three categories were identified as influencing factors: nurse views of hospitalized older adults, hospitalized older adult-related factors, and nurse intrinsic factors. Effective nurses' nonverbal communication with hospitalized older adults relies mostly on nurses' intrinsic factors. Identification and nurturing of the positive nurse intrinsic factors are important to develop effective nonverbal communication skills among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Kerr
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Pestessy J, Feczkó J, Radó S, Bács P, Kovács E. [Experience with the management of subtalar dislocation]. J Med Internet Res 1976; 19:40-5. [PMID: 3689 PMCID: PMC10037170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 10 and 3 years resp., material of two surgical departments - with great material - 10 cases of luxation - without fracture - occurred in the subtaler joint have been treated. All 10 patients suffered covered, subtaler dislocations. After conservative treatment all 10 patients recovered and are back at work.
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