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Antonson ND, Enos JK, Lawson SL, Uy FMK, Gill SA, Lynch KS, Hauber ME. Functional neurogenomic responses to acoustic threats, including a heterospecific referential alarm call and its referent, in the auditory forebrain of red-winged blackbirds. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2155. [PMID: 38272959 PMCID: PMC10810909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In animal communication, functionally referential alarm calls elicit the same behavioral responses as their referents, despite their typically distinct bioacoustic traits. Yet the auditory forebrain in at least one songbird species, the black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus, responds similarly to threat calls and their referent predatory owl calls, as assessed by immediate early gene responses in the secondary auditory forebrain nuclei. Whether and where in the brain such perceptual and cognitive equivalence is processed remains to be understood in most other avian systems. Here, we studied the functional neurogenomic (non-) equivalence of acoustic threat stimuli perception by the red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus in response to the actual calls of the obligate brood parasitic brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater and the referential anti-parasitic alarm calls of the yellow warbler Setophaga petechia, upon which the blackbird is known to eavesdrop. Using RNA-sequencing from neural tissue in the auditory lobule (primary and secondary auditory nuclei combined), in contrast to previous findings, we found significant differences in the gene expression profiles of both an immediate early gene, ZENK (egr-1), and other song-system relevant gene-products in blackbirds responding to cowbird vs. warbler calls. In turn, direct cues of threats (including conspecific intruder calls and nest-predator calls) elicited higher ZENK and other differential gene expression patterns compared to harmless heterospecific calls. These patterns are consistent with a perceptual non-equivalence in the auditory forebrain of adult male red-winged blackbirds in response to referential calls and the calls of their referents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Antonson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - J K Enos
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - S L Lawson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - F M K Uy
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S A Gill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - K S Lynch
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - M E Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
- Advanced Science Research Center and Program in Psychology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Abriha D, Srivastava PK, Szabó S. Smaller is better? Unduly nice accuracy assessments in roof detection using remote sensing data with machine learning and k-fold cross-validation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14045. [PMID: 36915546 PMCID: PMC10006495 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deriving the thematic accuracy of models is a fundamental part of image classification analyses. K-fold cross-validation (KCV), as an accuracy assessment technique, can be biased because existing built-in algorithms of software solutions do not handle the high autocorrelation of remotely sensed images, leading to overestimation of accuracies. We aimed to quantify the magnitude of the overestimation of KCV-based accuracies and propose a method to overcome this problem with the example of rooftops using a WorldView-2 (WV2) satellite image, and two orthophotos. Random split to training/testing subsets, independent testing and different types of repeated KCV sampling strategies were used to generate input datasets for classification. Results revealed that applying the random splitting of reference data to training/testing subsets and KCV methods had significantly biased the accuracies by up to 17%; overall accuracies (OAs) can incorrectly reach >99%. We found that repeated KCV can provide similar results to independent testing when spatial sampling is applied with a sufficiently large distance threshold (in our case 10 m). Coarser resolution of WV2 ensured more reliable results (up to a 5-9% increase in OA) than orthophotos. Object-based pixel purity of buildings showed that when using a majority filter for at least of 50% of objects the final accuracy approached 100% with each sampling method. The final conclusion is that KCV-based modelling ensures better accuracy than single models (with better pixel purity on the object level), but the accuracy metrics without spatially filtered sampling are not reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Abriha
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Geosciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Szilárd Szabó
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Geosciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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Cao C, Ding J, Cao D, Li B, Wu J, Li X, Li H, Cui G, Shen H, Chen G. TREM2 modulates neuroinflammation with elevated IRAK3 expression and plays a neuroprotective role after experimental SAH in rats. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105809. [PMID: 35781003 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modulation of neuroinflammation is a new direction that may alleviate the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Brain resident microglia/macrophages (Mi/MΦ) are the key drivers of neuroinflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been reported to play a neuroprotective role by activating phagocytosis and suspending inflammatory response in experimental ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. This study was designed to investigate the role of TREM2 on neuroinflammation and neuroprotective effects in a rat SAH model. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced SAH through endovascular perforation. Lentivirus vectors were administered by i.c.v. to induce TREM2 overexpression or knockdown 7 days before SAH induction. Short- and long-term neurobehavioral tests, western blotting, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Nissl staining were performed to explore the neuroprotective role of TREM2 after SAH. RESULTS The expression of TREM2 elevated in a rat SAH model with a peak at 48 h after SAH and mainly expressed in Mi/MΦ in brain. TREM2 overexpression improved short- and long-term neurological deficits induced by SAH in rats, while TREM2 knockdown worsened neurological dysfunction. The rats with TREM2 overexpressed presented less neuronal apoptosis and more neuronal survival at 48 h after SAH, while the rats with TREM2 knockdown presented on the contrary. TREM2 overexpression manifested activated phagocytosis and suppressed inflammatory response, with the increase of CD206+/CD11b+ cells and IL-10 expression as well as the decrease of the infiltration of MPO+ cells and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β. While TREM2 knockdown abolished these effects. The protein level of IRAK3, a negative regulatory factor of inflammation, was significantly elevated after TREM2 overexpression and declined after TREM2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggested TREM2 played a neuroprotective role and improved the short- and long-term neurological deficits by modulating neuroinflammation after SAH. The modulation on neuroinflammation of TREM2 after SAH was related with the elevated protein level of IRAK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurocritical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin City 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiasheng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Demao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Łopucki R, Kiersztyn A, Pitucha G, Kitowski I. Handling missing data in ecological studies: Ignoring gaps in the dataset can distort the inference. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Holzner A, Rayan DM, Moore J, Tan CKW, Clart L, Kulik L, Kühl H, Ruppert N, Widdig A. Occupancy of wild southern pig-tailed macaques in intact and degraded forests in Peninsular Malaysia. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12462. [PMID: 34993012 PMCID: PMC8679909 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deforestation is a major threat to terrestrial tropical ecosystems, particularly in Southeast Asia where human activities have dramatic consequences for the survival of many species. However, responses of species to anthropogenic impact are highly variable. In order to establish effective conservation strategies, it is critical to determine a species’ ability to persist in degraded habitats. Here, we used camera trapping data to provide the first insights into the temporal and spatial distribution of southern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina, listed as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN) across intact and degraded forest habitats in Peninsular Malaysia, with a particular focus on the effects of clear-cutting and selective logging on macaque occupancy. Specifically, we found a 10% decline in macaque site occupancy in the highly degraded Pasoh Forest Reserve from 2013 to 2017. This may be strongly linked to the macaques’ sensitivity to intensive disturbance through clear-cutting, which significantly increased the probability that M. nemestrina became locally extinct at a previously occupied site. However, we found no clear relationship between moderate disturbance, i.e., selective logging, and the macaques’ local extinction probability or site occupancy in the Pasoh Forest Reserve and Belum-Temengor Forest Complex. Further, an identical age and sex structure of macaques in selectively logged and completely undisturbed habitat types within the Belum-Temengor Forest Complex indicated that the macaques did not show increased mortality or declining birth rates when exposed to selective logging. Overall, this suggests that low to moderately disturbed forests may still constitute valuable habitats that support viable populations of M. nemestrina, and thus need to be protected against further degradation. Our results emphasize the significance of population monitoring through camera trapping for understanding the ability of threatened species to cope with anthropogenic disturbance. This can inform species management plans and facilitate the development of effective conservation measures to protect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holzner
- Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - D. Mark Rayan
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Malaysia Program, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Moore
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Cedric Kai Wei Tan
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Laura Clart
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Kulik
- Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hjalmar Kühl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Ruppert
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Anja Widdig
- Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
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Bartsch U, Corbin LJ, Hellmich C, Taylor M, Easey KE, Durant C, Marston HM, Timpson NJ, Jones MW. Schizophrenia-associated variation at ZNF804A correlates with altered experience-dependent dynamics of sleep slow waves and spindles in healthy young adults. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab191. [PMID: 34329479 PMCID: PMC8664578 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is robustly associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia is, in turn, associated with abnormal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep neurophysiology. To examine whether rs1344706 is associated with intermediate neurophysiological traits in the absence of disease, we assessed the relationship between genotype, sleep neurophysiology, and sleep-dependent memory consolidation in healthy participants. We recruited healthy adult males with no history of psychiatric disorder from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Participants were homozygous for either the schizophrenia-associated 'A' allele (N = 22) or the alternative 'C' allele (N = 18) at rs1344706. Actigraphy, polysomnography (PSG) and a motor sequence task (MST) were used to characterize daily activity patterns, sleep neurophysiology and sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Average MST learning and sleep-dependent performance improvements were similar across genotype groups, albeit more variable in the AA group. During sleep after learning, CC participants showed increased slow-wave (SW) and spindle amplitudes, plus augmented coupling of SW activity across recording electrodes. SW and spindles in those with the AA genotype were insensitive to learning, whilst SW coherence decreased following MST training. Accordingly, NREM neurophysiology robustly predicted the degree of overnight motor memory consolidation in CC carriers, but not in AA carriers. We describe evidence that rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is associated with changes in the coordinated neural network activity that supports offline information processing during sleep in a healthy population. These findings highlight the utility of sleep neurophysiology in mapping the impacts of schizophrenia-associated common genetic variants on neural circuit oscillations and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co Ltd UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
- UK DRI Health Care & Technology at Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Clinical Research Building, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte Hellmich
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michelle Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kayleigh E Easey
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Durant
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre (CRIC), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hugh M Marston
- Translational Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co Ltd UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
- Böhringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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7
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Hien A, Molinaro G, Liu B, Huber KM, Richter JD. Ribosome profiling in mouse hippocampus: plasticity-induced regulation and bidirectional control by TSC2 and FMRP. Mol Autism 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 33054857 PMCID: PMC7556950 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in TSC2 are the most common cause of tuberous sclerosis (TSC), a disorder with a high incidence of autism and intellectual disability. TSC2 regulates mRNA translation required for group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent synaptic long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) and behavior, but the identity of mRNAs responsive to mGluR-LTD signaling is largely unknown. METHODS We utilized Tsc2+/- mice as a mouse model of TSC and prepared hippocampal slices from these animals. We induced mGluR-LTD synaptic plasticity in slices and processed the samples for RNA-seq and ribosome profiling to identify differentially expressed genes in Tsc2+/- and following mGluR-LTD synaptic plasticity. RESULTS Ribosome profiling reveals that in Tsc2+/- mouse hippocampal slices, the expression of several mRNAs was dysregulated: terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP)-containing mRNAs decreased, while FMRP-binding targets increased. Remarkably, we observed the opposite changes of FMRP binding targets in Fmr1-/y hippocampi. In wild-type hippocampus, induction of mGluR-LTD caused rapid changes in the steady-state levels of hundreds of mRNAs, many of which are FMRP targets. Moreover, mGluR-LTD failed to promote phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) in TSC mice, and chemically mimicking phospho-eEF2 with low cycloheximide enhances mGluR-LTD in TSC mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest a molecular basis for bidirectional regulation of synaptic plasticity and behavior by TSC2 and FMRP. Our study also suggests that altered mGluR-regulated translation elongation contributes to impaired synaptic plasticity in Tsc2+/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Hien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Gemma Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Botao Liu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kimberly M Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Joel D Richter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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8
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Kambach S, Bruelheide H, Gerstner K, Gurevitch J, Beckmann M, Seppelt R. Consequences of multiple imputation of missing standard deviations and sample sizes in meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11699-11712. [PMID: 33144994 PMCID: PMC7593147 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses often encounter studies with incompletely reported variance measures (e.g., standard deviation values) or sample sizes, both needed to conduct weighted meta-analyses. Here, we first present a systematic literature survey on the frequency and treatment of missing data in published ecological meta-analyses showing that the majority of meta-analyses encountered incompletely reported studies. We then simulated meta-analysis data sets to investigate the performance of 14 options to treat or impute missing SDs and/or SSs. Performance was thereby assessed using results from fully informed weighted analyses on (hypothetically) complete data sets. We show that the omission of incompletely reported studies is not a viable solution. Unweighted and sample size-based variance approximation can yield unbiased grand means if effect sizes are independent of their corresponding SDs and SSs. The performance of different imputation methods depends on the structure of the meta-analysis data set, especially in the case of correlated effect sizes and standard deviations or sample sizes. In a best-case scenario, which assumes that SDs and/or SSs are both missing at random and are unrelated to effect sizes, our simulations show that the imputation of up to 90% of missing data still yields grand means and confidence intervals that are similar to those obtained with fully informed weighted analyses. We conclude that multiple imputation of missing variance measures and sample sizes could help overcome the problem of incompletely reported primary studies, not only in the field of ecological meta-analyses. Still, caution must be exercised in consideration of potential correlations and pattern of missingness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kambach
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
- Department of Community EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchHalleGermany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Katharina Gerstner
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department Computational Landscape EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
| | - Jessica Gurevitch
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Department Computational Landscape EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- Department Computational Landscape EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Geoscience & GeographyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
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9
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Logerot P, Smith PF, Wild M, Kubke MF. Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9363. [PMID: 32775046 PMCID: PMC7384439 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In birds the auditory system plays a key role in providing the sensory input used to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific vocal signals. In those species that are known to learn their vocalizations, for example, songbirds, it is generally considered that this ability arises and is manifest in the forebrain, although there is no a priori reason why brainstem components of the auditory system could not also play an important part. To test this assumption, we used groups of normal reared and cross-fostered zebra finches that had previously been shown in behavioural experiments to reduce their preference for conspecific songs subsequent to cross fostering experience with Bengalese finches, a related species with a distinctly different song. The question we asked, therefore, is whether this experiential change also changes the bias in favour of conspecific song displayed by auditory midbrain units of normally raised zebra finches. By recording the responses of single units in MLd to a variety of zebra finch and Bengalese finch songs in both normally reared and cross-fostered zebra finches, we provide a positive answer to this question. That is, the difference in response to conspecific and heterospecific songs seen in normal reared zebra finches is reduced following cross-fostering. In birds the virtual absence of mammalian-like cortical projections upon auditory brainstem nuclei argues against the interpretation that MLd units change, as observed in the present experiments, as a result of top-down influences on sensory processing. Instead, it appears that MLd units can be influenced significantly by sensory inputs arising directly from a change in auditory experience during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Logerot
- Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul F. Smith
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, and Eisdell Moore Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Martin Wild
- Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Eisdell Moore Centre, University of Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M. Fabiana Kubke
- Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research and Eisdell Moore Centre, University of Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Perelmuter JT, Wilson AB, Sisneros JA, Forlano PM. Forebrain Dopamine System Regulates Inner Ear Auditory Sensitivity to Socially Relevant Acoustic Signals. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2190-2198.e3. [PMID: 31204161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is integral to attentional and motivational processes, but studies are largely restricted to the central nervous system. In mammals [1, 2] and fishes [3, 4], central dopaminergic neurons project to the inner ear and could modulate acoustic signals at the earliest stages of processing. Studies in rodents show dopamine inhibits cochlear afferent neurons and protects against noise-induced acoustic injury [5-10]. However, other functions for inner ear dopamine have not been investigated, and the effect of dopamine on peripheral auditory processing in non-mammalians remains unknown [11, 12]. Insights could be gained by studies conducted in the context of intraspecific acoustic communication. We present evidence from a vocal fish linking reproductive-state-dependent changes in auditory sensitivity with seasonal changes in the dopaminergic efferent system in the saccule, their primary organ of hearing. Plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) migrate from deep-water winter habitats to the intertidal zone in the summer to breed. Nesting males produce nocturnal vocalizations to attract females [13]. Both sexes undergo seasonal enhancement of hearing sensitivity at the level of the hair cell [14-16], increasing the likelihood of detecting conspecific signals [17, 18]. Importantly, reproductive females concurrently have reduced dopaminergic input to the saccule [19]. Here, we show that dopamine decreases saccule auditory sensitivity via a D2-like receptor. Saccule D2a receptor expression is reduced in the summer and correlates with sensitivity within and across seasons. We propose that reproductive-state-dependent changes to the dopaminergic efferent system provide a release of inhibition in the saccule, enhancing peripheral encoding of social-acoustic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Perelmuter
- Psychology Subprogram in Behavioral & Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Anthony B Wilson
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Biology Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Psychology Department, University of Washington, Guthrie Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul M Forlano
- Psychology Subprogram in Behavioral & Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Biology Subprogram in Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biology Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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11
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Cacao E, Kapukotuwa S, Cucinotta FA. Modeling Reveals the Dependence of Hippocampal Neurogenesis Radiosensitivity on Age and Strain of Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:980. [PMID: 30618596 PMCID: PMC6306485 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction following radiation treatment for brain cancers in both children and adults have been correlated to impairment of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Various species and strains of rodent models have been used to study radiation-induced changes in neurogenesis and these investigations have utilized only a limited number of doses, dose-fractions, age and time after exposures conditions. In this paper, we have extended our previous mathematical model of radiation-induced hippocampal neurogenesis impairment of C57BL/6 mice to delineate the time, age, and dose dependent alterations in neurogenesis of a diverse strain of rats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first predictive mathematical model to be published about hippocampal neurogenesis impairment for a variety of rat strains after acute or fractionated exposures to low linear energy transfer (low LET) radiation, such as X-rays and γ-rays, which are conventionally used in cancer radiation therapy. We considered four compartments to model hippocampal neurogenesis and its impairment following radiation exposures. Compartments include: (1) neural stem cells (NSCs), (2) neuronal progenitor cells or neuroblasts (NB), (3) immature neurons (ImN), and (4) glioblasts (GB). Additional consideration of dose and time after irradiation dependence of microglial activation and a possible shift of NSC proliferation from neurogenesis to gliogenesis at higher doses is established. Using a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), characterization of rat strain and age-related dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis for unirradiated and irradiated conditions is developed. The model is augmented with the description of feedback regulation on early and late neuronal proliferation following radiation exposure. Predictions for dose-fraction regimes compared to acute radiation exposures, along with the dependence of neurogenesis sensitivity to radiation on age and strain of rats are discussed. A major result of this work is predictions of the rat strain and age dependent differences in radiation sensitivity and sub-lethal damage repair that can be used for predictions for arbitrary dose and dose-fractionation schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francis A. Cucinotta
- Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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12
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Thayer ZM, Wilson MA, Kim AW, Jaeggi AV. Impact of prenatal stress on offspring glucocorticoid levels: A phylogenetic meta-analysis across 14 vertebrate species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4942. [PMID: 29563562 PMCID: PMC5862967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal stress is commonly associated with variation in Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning in offspring. However, the strength or consistency of this response has never been empirically evaluated across vertebrate species. Here we meta-analyzed 114 results from 39 studies across 14 vertebrate species using Bayesian phylogenetic mixed-effects models. We found a positive overall effect of prenatal stress on offspring glucocorticoids (d' = 0.43) though the 95% Highest Posterior Density Interval overlapped with 0 (-0.16-0.95). Meta-regressions of potential moderators highlighted that phylogeny and life history variables predicted relatively little variation in effect size. Experimental studies (d' = 0.64) produced stronger effects than observational ones (d' = -0.01), while prenatal stress affected glucocorticoid recovery following offspring stress exposure more strongly (d' = 0.75) than baseline levels (d' = 0.48) or glucocorticoid peak response (d' = 0.36). These findings are consistent with the argument that HPA-axis sensitivity to prenatal stress is evolutionarily ancient and occurs regardless of a species' overall life history strategy. These effects may therefore be especially important for mediating intra-specific life-history variation. In addition, these findings suggest that animal models of prenatal HPA-axis programming may be appropriate for studying similar effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaneta M Thayer
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, USA.
| | - Meredith A Wilson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew W Kim
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
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13
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Garamszegi LZ, de Villemereuil P. Perturbations on the uniform distribution of p-values can lead to misleading inferences from null-hypothesis testing. Trends Neurosci Educ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Elie JE, Theunissen FE. The vocal repertoire of the domesticated zebra finch: a data-driven approach to decipher the information-bearing acoustic features of communication signals. Anim Cogn 2016; 19:285-315. [PMID: 26581377 PMCID: PMC5973879 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although a universal code for the acoustic features of animal vocal communication calls may not exist, the thorough analysis of the distinctive acoustical features of vocalization categories is important not only to decipher the acoustical code for a specific species but also to understand the evolution of communication signals and the mechanisms used to produce and understand them. Here, we recorded more than 8000 examples of almost all the vocalizations of the domesticated zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata: vocalizations produced to establish contact, to form and maintain pair bonds, to sound an alarm, to communicate distress or to advertise hunger or aggressive intents. We characterized each vocalization type using complete representations that avoided any a priori assumptions on the acoustic code, as well as classical bioacoustics measures that could provide more intuitive interpretations. We then used these acoustical features to rigorously determine the potential information-bearing acoustical features for each vocalization type using both a novel regularized classifier and an unsupervised clustering algorithm. Vocalization categories are discriminated by the shape of their frequency spectrum and by their pitch saliency (noisy to tonal vocalizations) but not particularly by their fundamental frequency. Notably, the spectral shape of zebra finch vocalizations contains peaks or formants that vary systematically across categories and that would be generated by active control of both the vocal organ (source) and the upper vocal tract (filter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Elie
- Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, 3210 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Frédéric E Theunissen
- Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, 3210 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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15
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Rahayel S, Montplaisir J, Monchi O, Bedetti C, Postuma RB, Brambati S, Carrier J, Joubert S, Latreille V, Jubault T, Gagnon JF. Patterns of cortical thinning in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord 2014; 30:680-7. [PMID: 24676967 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is a parasomnia that is a risk factor for dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease. Brain function impairments have been identified in this disorder, mainly in the frontal and posterior cortical regions. However, the anatomical support for these dysfunctions remains poorly understood. We investigated gray matter thickness, gray matter volume, and white matter integrity in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Twenty-four patients with polysomnography-confirmed idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and 42 healthy individuals underwent a 3-tesla structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging examination using corticometry, voxel-based morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging. In the patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, decreased cortical thickness was observed in the frontal cortex, the lingual gyrus, and the fusiform gyrus. Gray matter volume was reduced in the superior frontal sulcus only. Patients showed no increased gray matter thickness or volume. Diffusion tensor imaging analyses revealed no significant white matter differences between groups. Using corticometry in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, several new cortical regions with gray matter alterations were identified, similar to those reported in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease. These findings provide some anatomical support for previously identified brain function impairments in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Rahayel
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Moskát C, Hauber ME, Elek Z, Gommers M, Bán M, Groenewoud F, Versluijs TSL, Hoetz CWA, Komdeur J. Foreign egg retention by avian hosts in repeated brood parasitism: why do rejecters accept? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Predator cue studies reveal strong trait-mediated effects in communities despite variation in experimental designs. Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Sebastian V, Estil JB, Chen D, Schrott LM, Serrano PA. Acute physiological stress promotes clustering of synaptic markers and alters spine morphology in the hippocampus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79077. [PMID: 24205365 PMCID: PMC3812005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GluA2-containing AMPA receptors and their association with protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) and post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95) are important for learning, memory and synaptic plasticity processes. Here we investigated these synaptic markers in the context of an acute 1h platform stress, which can disrupt spatial memory retrieval for a short-term memory on the object placement task and long-term memory retrieval on a well-learned radial arm maze task. Acute stress increased serum corticosterone and elevated the expression of synaptic PKMζ while decreasing synaptic GluA2. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that this stressor promotes the clustering of GluA2, PKMζ and PSD-95, which is consistent with effects reported from overexpression of PKMζ in cell culture. Because PKMζ overexpression has also been shown to induce spine maturation in culture, we examined how stress impacts synaptic markers within changing spines across various hippocampal subfields. To achieve this, we employed a new technique combining Golgi staining and immmunohistochemistry to perform 3D reconstruction of tertiary dendrites, which can be analyzed for differences in spine types and the colocalization of synaptic markers within these spines. In CA1, stress increased the densities of long-thin and mushroom spines and the colocalization of GluA2/PSD-95 within these spines. Conversely, in CA3, stress decreased the densities of filopodia and stubby spines, with a concomitant reduction in the colocalization of GluA2/PSD-95 within these spines. In the outer molecular layer (OML) of the dentate gyrus (DG), stress increased both stubby and long-thin spines, together with greater GluA2/PSD-95 colocalization. These data reflect the rapid effects of stress on inducing morphological changes within specific hippocampal subfields, highlighting a potential mechanism by which stress can modulate memory consolidation and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sebastian
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jim Brian Estil
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Chen
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Schrott
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Costa RP, Sjöström PJ, van Rossum MCW. Probabilistic inference of short-term synaptic plasticity in neocortical microcircuits. Front Comput Neurosci 2013; 7:75. [PMID: 23761760 PMCID: PMC3674479 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term synaptic plasticity is highly diverse across brain area, cortical layer, cell type, and developmental stage. Since short-term plasticity (STP) strongly shapes neural dynamics, this diversity suggests a specific and essential role in neural information processing. Therefore, a correct characterization of short-term synaptic plasticity is an important step towards understanding and modeling neural systems. Phenomenological models have been developed, but they are usually fitted to experimental data using least-mean-square methods. We demonstrate that for typical synaptic dynamics such fitting may give unreliable results. As a solution, we introduce a Bayesian formulation, which yields the posterior distribution over the model parameters given the data. First, we show that common STP protocols yield broad distributions over some model parameters. Using our result we propose a experimental protocol to more accurately determine synaptic dynamics parameters. Next, we infer the model parameters using experimental data from three different neocortical excitatory connection types. This reveals connection-specific distributions, which we use to classify synaptic dynamics. Our approach to demarcate connection-specific synaptic dynamics is an important improvement on the state of the art and reveals novel features from existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui P Costa
- Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Experience dependence of neural responses to different classes of male songs in the primary auditory forebrain of female songbirds. Behav Brain Res 2013; 243:184-90. [PMID: 23333401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is both extensive species-specificity and critical experience-dependence in the recognition of own species songs in many songbird species. For example, female zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata raised by their parents show behavioral preferences for the songs of the father over unfamiliar conspecific males and for unfamiliar songs of conspecifics over heterospecifics. Behavioral discrimination between different species' songs is also displayed by females raised without exposure to any male songs but it is diminished in females raised by heterospecific foster parents. We tested whether neural responses in the female auditory forebrain paralleled each of these known behavioral patterns in song-class discrimination. We analyzed spike rates, above background levels, recorded from single units in the L2a subregion of the field L complex of female zebra finches. In subjects raised by genetic parents, spike rates were similar to songs of fathers and unfamiliar male zebra finches, and higher to unfamiliar conspecific over unfamiliar heterospecific songs. In females raised in isolation from male songs, we also found higher spike rates to unfamiliar conspecific over heterospecific songs. In females raised by heterospecific foster parents, spike rates were similar in response to songs of the foster father and unfamiliar males of the foster species, similar between unfamiliar songs of conspecifics and the heterospecific foster species, and higher to unfamiliar songs of the foster species over a third finch species. Thus, in parallel to the experience-dependence of females' behaviors in response to different male song classes, differences in social experiences can also alter neural response patterns to male song classes in the auditory forebrain of female zebra finches.
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21
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Chen A, Kelley LD, Janušonis S. Effects of prenatal stress and monoaminergic perturbations on the expression of serotonin 5-HT4 and adrenergic β2 receptors in the embryonic mouse telencephalon. Brain Res 2012; 1459:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Lazic SE. Using causal models to distinguish between neurogenesis-dependent and -independent effects on behaviour. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:907-17. [PMID: 21957118 PMCID: PMC3306643 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a substantial amount of research on the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour over the past 15 years, but the causal role that new neurons have on cognitive and affective behavioural tasks is still far from clear. This is partly due to the difficulty of manipulating levels of neurogenesis without inducing off-target effects, which might also influence behaviour. In addition, the analytical methods typically used do not directly test whether neurogenesis mediates the effect of an intervention on behaviour. Previous studies may have incorrectly attributed changes in behavioural performance to neurogenesis because the role of known (or unknown) neurogenesis-independent mechanisms was not formally taken into consideration during the analysis. Causal models can tease apart complex causal relationships and were used to demonstrate that the effect of exercise on pattern separation is via neurogenesis-independent mechanisms. Many studies in the neurogenesis literature would benefit from the use of statistical methods that can separate neurogenesis-dependent from neurogenesis-independent effects on behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley E Lazic
- Bioinformatics and Exploratory Data Analysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Janušonis S. Direct interaction with no correlation: An experimental pitfall in neural systems. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 206:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Flood ZC, Engel DLJ, Simon CC, Negherbon KR, Murphy LJ, Tamavimok W, Anderson GM, Janušonis S. Brain growth trajectories in mouse strains with central and peripheral serotonin differences: relevance to autism models. Neuroscience 2012; 210:286-95. [PMID: 22450231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) suggests that their underlying neurobiology involves dysfunction at the neural network level. Understanding these neural networks will require a major collaborative effort and will depend on validated and widely accepted animal models. Many mouse models have been proposed in autism research, but the assessment of their validity often has been limited to measuring social interactions. However, two other well-replicated findings have been reported in ASDs: transient brain overgrowth in early postnatal life and elevated 5-HT (serotonin) levels in blood platelets (platelet hyperserotonemia). We examined two inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) with respect to these phenomena. The BALB/c strain is less social and exhibits some other autistic-like behaviors. In addition, it has a lower 5-HT synthesis rate in the central nervous system due to a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) gene. The postnatal growth of brain mass was analyzed with mixed-effects models that included litter effects. The volume of the hippocampal complex and the thickness of the somatosensory cortex were measured in 3D-brain reconstructions from serial sections. The postnatal whole-blood 5-HT levels were assessed with high-performance liquid chromatography. With respect to the BALB/c strain, the C57BL/6 strain showed transient brain overgrowth and persistent blood hyperserotonemia. The hippocampal volume was permanently enlarged in the C57BL/6 strain, with no change in the adult brain mass. These results indicate that, in mice, autistic-like shifts in the brain and periphery may be associated with less autistic-like behaviors. Importantly, they suggest that consistency among behavioral, anatomical, and physiological measures may expedite the validation of new and previously proposed mouse models of autism, and that the construct validity of models should be demonstrated when these measures are inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Flood
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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25
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McQuillan HJ, Nakagawa S, Mercer AR. Mushroom bodies of the honeybee brain show cell population-specific plasticity in expression of amine-receptor genes. Learn Mem 2012; 19:151-8. [PMID: 22411422 DOI: 10.1101/lm.025353.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine and octopamine released in the mushroom bodies of the insect brain play a critical role in the formation of aversive and appetitive memories, respectively. As recent evidence suggests a complex relationship between the effects of these two amines on the output of mushroom body circuits, we compared the expression of dopamine- and octopamine-receptor genes in three major subpopulations of mushroom body intrinsic neurons (Kenyon cells). Using the brain of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, we found that expression of amine-receptor genes differs markedly across Kenyon cell subpopulations. We found, in addition, that levels of expression of these genes change dramatically during the lifetime of the bee and that shifts in expression are cell population-specific. Differential expression of amine-receptor genes in mushroom body neurons and the plasticity that exists at this level are features largely ignored in current models of mushroom body function. However, our results are consistent with the growing body of evidence that short- and long-term olfactory memories form in different regions of the mushroom bodies of the brain and that there is functional compartmentalization of the modulatory inputs to this multifunctional brain center.
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Affiliation(s)
- H James McQuillan
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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26
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27
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Hentschke H, Stüttgen MC. Computation of measures of effect size for neuroscience data sets. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:1887-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Underwood MD, Arango V. Evidence for neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity as part of the neurobiology of suicide. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:306-7. [PMID: 21791256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Underwood
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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29
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Janušonis S. Relationships among variables and their equilibrium values: caveats of time-less interpretation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2011; 87:275-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Santos ES, Scheck D, Nakagawa S. Dominance and plumage traits: meta-analysis and metaregression analysis. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Samaš P, Hauber ME, Cassey P, Grim T. Repeatability of Foreign Egg Rejection: Testing the Assumptions of Co-Evolutionary Theory. Ethology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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