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Penman SL, Roeder NM, Wang J, Richardson BJ, Freeman-Striegel L, Krayevsky A, Eiden RD, Chakraborty S, Thanos PK. Vaporized Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure in utero has negative effects on attention in a dose- and sex-dependent manner. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 242:173808. [PMID: 38914267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
There has been an increasing use of cannabis during pregnancy in recent years. Studies have indicated that THC exposure in utero may increase the risk of attention deficits and memory impairments in adolescence. The goal of the present study is to investigate the effects of vaporized THC exposure during pregnancy on offspring memory and attention performance in early and late adolescence. Pregnant dams were exposed to vaporized THC (10 mg or 40 mg) daily from gestational day 2 until labor. Pups were given either a standard or a high-fat diet at weaning and tested in early and late adolescence in two memory tests, the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, and a test of attention, the Object-Based Attention (OBA) test. Rats exposed to low-dose THC showed significantly decreased object exploration in both the NOR and OBA tests, indicating decreased attention. Object exploration time in OBA was significantly lower in females than males. Additionally, post hoc analysis of MWM tests showed some differences in learning patterns for HD THC offspring in early adolescence, possibly due to diet interaction, but ultimate performance was not impacted. While there are existing studies examining prenatal exposure to THC in rodents, this is the first to our knowledge examining memory and attention in adolescence following vaporized THC exposure in utero, and we find indications that prenatal THC exposure may lead to attention deficits and altered memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Penman
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicole M Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brittany J Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lily Freeman-Striegel
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Krayevsky
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology and Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Saptarshi Chakraborty
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Zhao T, Li Q, Wang X, Tang B, Zhang X, Yu H, Li Z. Time-dependent effects of high-fat diet on cognition and cerebral insulin signaling: Window for recovery and potential therapeutic target. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111955. [PMID: 38852746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
While high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a major threat to global public health, the effect of HFD on cognition and insulin signaling during ageing remains controversial. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamic alterations in cognition and cerebral insulin signaling during 6-month HFD consumption, and to investigate the potential therapeutic target and optimal timing to rescue obesity-related cognitive deficits. In the present study, impaired memory retention induced by 2-month HFD was recovered after 4 months on HFD. Prolonged (6-month) HFD did not further enhance tau hyperphosphorylation and β-amyloid deposition, which was consistent with the alleviation of memory retention. In brain insulin signaling, 2-month HFD increased IRS-1 and p-IRS-1(Ser307)/IRS-1, while decreasing pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, PI3K and mTOR; 4-month HFD decreased IRS-1 and pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, while increasing AKT; 6-month HFD increased IRS-1, pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, and mTOR, while decreasing p-IRS-1(Ser307)/IRS-1, PI3K and AKT. Notably, bioinformatic analysis revealed a rhythmic process presented only in 4-month HFD group, with Srebf1 emerging as a link between circadian rhythms and insulin signaling pathway. These results suggest that prolonged HFD prevents further cognitive decline and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies during ageing. Moreover, there may be a window for recovery, in which Srebf1 acts as a self-recovery switch to address obesity-related cognitive disorders in elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Su X, Li Q, Yang M, Zhang W, Liu X, Ba Y, Deng Q, Zhang Y, Han L, Huang H. Resveratrol protects against a high-fat diet-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing mitochondrial fission via targeting SIRT1/PGC-1α. Exp Neurol 2024; 380:114899. [PMID: 39059737 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Various health issues have emerged due to consuming high-fat diets (HFD), particularly the detrimental impact they have on mitochondrial dynamics and subsequet cognition functions. Specially, mitochondrial fission can serve as an upstream signal in the regulation of cortical inflammation and neural pyroptosis. Our study was designed to verify the existence of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and demonstrated that resveratrol (RSV) attenuated neural deficits via regulation of cortical mitochondrial fission. A total of 50 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (Cont, 26 weeks on normal rodent diet); high-fat diet (HFD); dietary adjustments (HFD + ND); resveratrol intervention (HFD + R); joint intervention (HFD + ND + R) for 26 weeks. The spatial learning and memory function, spine density, NLRP3 inflammasome associated protein, mRNA and protein expression involved in mitochondrial dynamics and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway in brain were measured. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and resultant mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alteration in PC12 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA) or Drp1 inhibitor (Mdivi-1) were detected to reflect mitochondrial function. The findings suggested that prolonged treatment of RSV improved cognitive deficits and neuronal damage induced by HFD, potentially attributed to activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis. We further indicated that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in PA (200 μM) treated PC12 cells could be inhibited by Mdivi-1. More importantly, Mdivi-1 (10 μM) reduced intracellular ROS levels and enhanced MMP by reversing Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission. To summarize, those results clearly indicated that a HFD inhibited the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, which contributed to an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics and the onset of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. This effect was mitigated by the RSV possibly through triggering the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis, prevented aberrant mitochondrial fission and thus inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China.
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Navarro MDC, Gálvez I, Hinchado MD, Otero E, Torres-Piles S, Francisco-Morcillo J, de La Fuente M, Martín-Cordero L, Ortega E. Immunoneuroendocrine, Stress, Metabolic, and Behavioural Responses in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2209. [PMID: 39064652 PMCID: PMC11279988 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached global epidemic proportions, and even though its effects are well-documented, studying the interactions among all influencing factors is crucial for a better understanding of its physiopathology. In a high-fat-diet-induced obesity animal model using C57BL/6J mice, behavioural responses were assessed through a battery of tests, while stress biomarkers and systemic inflammatory cytokines were measured using an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay and a Bio-Plex Multiplex System. The peritoneal macrophage microbicide capacity was analysed via flow cytometry, and crown-like structures (CLSs) in white adipose tissue (WAT) were evaluated through staining techniques. Results indicated that obese mice exhibited increased body weight, hyperglycaemia, and hyperlipidaemia after 18 weeks on a high-fat diet, as well as worse physical conditions, poorer coordination and balance, and anxiety-like behaviour. Differences in corticosterone and noradrenaline concentrations were also found in obese animals, revealing a stress response and noradrenergic dysregulation, along with a weakened innate immune response characterized by a lower microbicide capacity, and the presence of an underlying inflammation evidenced by more CLSs in WAT. Altogether, these findings indicate that obesity deteriorates the entire stress, inflammatory, metabolic, sensorimotor and anxiety-like behavioural axis. This demonstrates that jointly evaluating all these aspects allows for a deeper and better exploration of this disease and its associated comorbidities, emphasizing the need for individualized and context-specific strategies for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Navarro
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (M.d.C.N.); (I.G.); (M.D.H.); (E.O.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isabel Gálvez
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (M.d.C.N.); (I.G.); (M.D.H.); (E.O.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Dolores Hinchado
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (M.d.C.N.); (I.G.); (M.D.H.); (E.O.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Otero
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (M.d.C.N.); (I.G.); (M.D.H.); (E.O.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Silvia Torres-Piles
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Javier Francisco-Morcillo
- Anatomy, Cell Biology and Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Mónica de La Fuente
- Unit of Animal Physiology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Leticia Martín-Cordero
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (M.d.C.N.); (I.G.); (M.D.H.); (E.O.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Nursing Department, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (M.d.C.N.); (I.G.); (M.D.H.); (E.O.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Roussin L, Gry E, Macaron M, Ribes S, Monnoye M, Douard V, Naudon L, Rabot S. Microbiota influence on behavior: Integrative analysis of serotonin metabolism and behavioral profile in germ-free mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23648. [PMID: 38822661 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400334r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on germ-free (GF) animals have described altered anxiety-like and social behaviors together with dysregulations in brain serotonin (5-HT) metabolism. Alterations in circulating 5-HT levels and gut 5-HT metabolism have also been reported in GF mice. In this study, we conducted an integrative analysis of various behaviors as well as markers of 5-HT metabolism in the brain and along the GI tract of GF male mice compared with conventional (CV) ones. We found a strong decrease in locomotor activity, accompanied by some signs of increased anxiety-like behavior in GF mice compared with CV mice. Brain gene expression analysis showed no differences in HTR1A and TPH2 genes. In the gut, we found decreased TPH1 expression in the colon of GF mice, while it was increased in the cecum. HTR1A expression was dramatically decreased in the colon, while HTR4 expression was increased both in the cecum and colon of GF mice compared with CV mice. Finally, SLC6A4 expression was increased in the ileum and colon of GF mice compared with CV mice. Our results add to the evidence that the microbiota is involved in regulation of behavior, although heterogeneity among studies suggests a strong impact of genetic and environmental factors on this microbiota-mediated regulation. While no impact of GF status on brain 5-HT was observed, substantial differences in gut 5-HT metabolism were noted, with tissue-dependent results indicating a varying role of microbiota along the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Roussin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elisa Gry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mira Macaron
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandy Ribes
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Véronique Douard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Naudon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Severino A, Tohumcu E, Tamai L, Dargenio P, Porcari S, Rondinella D, Venturini I, Maida M, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. The microbiome-driven impact of western diet in the development of noncommunicable chronic disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2024:101923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
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Nakamura Y, Yamasaki S, Okada N, Ando S, Nishida A, Kasai K, Koike S. Macronutrient intake is associated with intelligence and neural development in adolescents. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1349738. [PMID: 38706562 PMCID: PMC11067507 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1349738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macronutrient intake can be one of the most influential factors in cognitive and neural development in adolescents. Adolescence is a specific period of cognitive and neural development, and nutritional effects during this period could be life-long. Therefore, understanding the effects of macronutrient intake on cognitive and neural development in adolescents is crucially important. We thus examined the association across macronutrient intake, intelligence, and neural development using population-based cohort data. Methods We conducted two studies. In study 1, we included a total of 1,734 participants (boys, 907, age [mean ± standard deviation] 171.9 ± 3.44 months; range 163.0-186.0 months) from the Tokyo TEEN Cohort (TTC) to examine the association between macronutrient intake and intelligence quotient (IQ). In study 2, we included a total of 63 participants (boys, 38, age 174.4 ± 7.7 months; range 160.7-191.6 months) to investigate the effect of nutrition intake on neural development using graph theory analysis for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) derived from a subset of the TTC. Results TTC data revealed that a higher IQ was associated in boys with increased protein intake (β = 0.068, p = 0.031), and in girls, with reduced carbohydrate intake (β = -0.076, p = 0.024). Graph theory analysis for rs-fMRI at approximately age 12 has shown that impaired local efficiency in the left inferior frontal gyrus was associated with higher carbohydrate and fat intake ([x, y, z] = [-51, 23, 8], pFDR-corrected = 0.00018 and 0.02290, respectively), whereas increased betweenness centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus was associated with higher carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake ([x, y, z] = [-61, -43, -13], pFDR-corrected = 0.0027, 0.0029, and 0.00075, respectively). Moreover, we identified a significant moderating effect of fat and protein intake on the relationship between change in betweenness centrality over a 2-year measurement gap in the left middle temporal gyrus and intelligence (β = 12.41, p = 0.0457; β = 12.12, p = 0.0401, respectively). Conclusion Our study showed the association between macronutrient intake and neural development related to intelligence in early adolescents. Appropriate nutritional intake would be a key factor for healthy cognitive and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan
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Balasubramanian R, Schneider E, Gunnigle E, Cotter PD, Cryan JF. Fermented foods: Harnessing their potential to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis for mental health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105562. [PMID: 38278378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, whole food supplementation strategies have been leveraged to target mental health. In addition, there has been increasing attention on the ability of gut microbes, so called psychobiotics, to positively impact behaviour though the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fermented foods offer themselves as a combined whole food microbiota modulating intervention. Indeed, they contain potentially beneficial microbes, microbial metabolites and other bioactives, which are being harnessed to target the microbiota-gut-brain axis for positive benefits. This review highlights the diverse nature of fermented foods in terms of the raw materials used and type of fermentation employed, and summarises their potential to shape composition of the gut microbiota, the gut to brain communication pathways including the immune system and, ultimately, modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Throughout, we identify knowledge gaps and challenges faced in designing human studies for investigating the mental health-promoting potential of individual fermented foods or components thereof. Importantly, we also suggest solutions that can advance understanding of the therapeutic merit of fermented foods to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Balasubramanian
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, County Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Eoin Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, County Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Davidson TL, Stevenson RJ. Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Insults: Links to Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1991. [PMID: 38396670 PMCID: PMC10888241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a critical brain substrate for learning and memory; events that harm the hippocampus can seriously impair mental and behavioral functioning. Hippocampal pathophysiologies have been identified as potential causes and effects of a remarkably diverse array of medical diseases, psychological disorders, and environmental sources of damage. It may be that the hippocampus is more vulnerable than other brain areas to insults that are related to these conditions. One purpose of this review is to assess the vulnerability of the hippocampus to the most prevalent types of insults in multiple biomedical domains (i.e., neuroactive pathogens, neurotoxins, neurological conditions, trauma, aging, neurodegenerative disease, acquired brain injury, mental health conditions, endocrine disorders, developmental disabilities, nutrition) and to evaluate whether these insults affect the hippocampus first and more prominently compared to other brain loci. A second purpose is to consider the role of hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in either causing or worsening the harmful effects of each insult. Recent research suggests that the hippocampal BBB is more fragile compared to other brain areas and may also be more prone to the disruption of the transport mechanisms that act to maintain the internal milieu. Moreover, a compromised BBB could be a factor that is common to many different types of insults. Our analysis indicates that the hippocampus is more vulnerable to insults compared to other parts of the brain, and that developing interventions that protect the hippocampal BBB may help to prevent or ameliorate the harmful effects of many insults on memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Davidson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Al-Onaizi M, Braysh K, Alkafeef SS, Altarrah D, Dannoon S, Alasousi D, Adel H, Al-Ajmi M, Kandari A, Najem R, Nizam R, Williams MR, John S, Thanaraj TA, Ahmad R, Al-Hussaini H, Al-Mulla F, Alzaid F. Glucose intolerance induces anxiety-like behaviors independent of obesity and insulin resistance in a novel model of nutritional metabolic stress. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38319634 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2310419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of major public health concern. It impacts peripheral tissues and the central nervous system, leading to systemic dysmetabolism and neurocognitive impairments, including memory deficits, anxiety, and depression. The metabolic determinants of these neurocognitive impairments remain unidentified. Here, we sought to address this question by developing a proprietary (P-) high-fat diet (HFD), in which glucose intolerance precedes weight gain and insulin resistance. METHODS The P-HFD model was nutritionally characterized, and tested in vivo in mice that underwent behavioral and metabolic testing. The diet was benchmarked against reference models. . RESULTS P-HFD has 42% kcal from fat, high monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, and 10% (w/v) sucrose in drinking water. When administered, from the early stages of glucose intolerance alone, animals exhibit anxiety-like behavior, without depression nor recognition memory deficits. Long-term P-HFD feeding leads to weight gain, brain glucose hypometabolism as well as impaired recognition memory. Using an established genetic model of T2D (db/db) and of diet-induced obesity (60% kcal from fat) we show that additional insulin resistance and obesity are associated with depressive-like behaviors and recognition memory deficits. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that glucose intolerance alone can elicit anxiety-like behavior. Through this study, we also provide a novel nutritional model (P-HFD) to characterize the discrete effects of glucose intolerance on cognition, behavior, and the physiology of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kawthar Braysh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Selma S Alkafeef
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dana Altarrah
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Shorouk Dannoon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dalal Alasousi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hawraa Adel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Ajmi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anwar Kandari
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rawan Najem
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Sumi John
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Heba Al-Hussaini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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11
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Kennedy BL, Camara AM, Tran DMD. You eye what you eat: BMI, consumption patterns, and dieting status predict temporal attentional bias to food-associated images. Appetite 2024; 192:107095. [PMID: 37890529 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
People know that overconsumption of high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) foods have negative consequences for physical and cognitive wellbeing but continue to consume these foods in excess, leading to recent proposals to model obesity as an addiction disorder. The current experiment tested, in a large undergraduate sample (N = 306), the hypothesis that obesity and overconsumption is linked with an oversensitivity to rewards that drives attentional biases towards foods and food-associated cues. Using a modified emotion-induced blindness task with food-related distractors, we examined the extent to which attentional biases to images of HFHS foods were accounted for by BMI, HFHS food intake, self-reported hunger, time since last meal, diet status, food preferences, and attentional control. We also examined whether the same individual differences predicted attentional priority to cues that have a learned association with HFHS foods (i.e., images of food logos). Contrary to our predictions, higher BMI predicted less attentional priority for images of food and food logos. At the same time, increased consumption of HFHS foods predicted increased attentional priority for food images, whereas dieting predicted increased attentional priority for food logo images. Our results suggest that different people may preferentially attend to food versus food logo imagery based on their relationships with food. More broadly, our results support the theoretical perspective that attentional biases to food-associated stimuli can be affected by various competing, state-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana L Kennedy
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew M Camara
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominic M D Tran
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Demianchuk O, Vatashchuk M, Gospodaryov D, Hurza V, Ivanochko M, Derkachov V, Berezovskyi V, Lushchak O, Storey KB, Bayliak M, Lushchak VI. High-fat high-fructose diet and alpha-ketoglutarate affect mouse behavior that is accompanied by changes in oxidative stress response and energy metabolism in the cerebral cortex. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130521. [PMID: 37967727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High caloric diets with high amounts of fats and sweeteners such as fructose may predispose organisms to neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS This study aimed to examine the effects of a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) on the behavior of mice, energy metabolism, and markers of oxidative stress in murine cerebral cortex. Dietary α-ketoglutarate (AKG) was chosen as a treatment which could modulate the putative effects of HFFD. RESULTS We found that HFFD stimulated locomotion and defecation in mice, whereas an AKG-supplemented diet had a proclivity to promote anxiety-like behavior. HFFD stimulated lipid peroxidation, and in turn, the AKG-supplemented diet led to a higher ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, higher activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and higher mRNA levels of UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase and transcription factor EB. Both diets separately, but not in combination, led to a decrease in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and phosphofructokinase. All experimental diets resulted in lower levels of transcripts of genes encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), glycine N-methyl transferase, and peroxisome proliferator receptor γ co-activator 1. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that diet supplemented with AKG resulted in effects similar to those of HFFD on the cerebral cortex, but elicited substantial differences between these two diets with respect to behavior, glutathione-dependent detoxification, and processes related to autophagy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides insight into the metabolic effects of HFFD alone and in combination with alpha-ketoglutarate in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Demianchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Myroslava Vatashchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Viktoria Hurza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Marian Ivanochko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Derkachov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslav Berezovskyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maria Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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13
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Yi W, Chen F, Yuan M, Wang C, Wang S, Wen J, Zou Q, Pu Y, Cai Z. High-fat diet induces cognitive impairment through repression of SIRT1/AMPK-mediated autophagy. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114591. [PMID: 37898395 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence suggests an association between a high-fat diet (HFD) and cognitive decline. HFD may reduce synaptic plasticity and cause tau hyperphosphorylation, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was involved in this pathogenic effect in the HFD exposed mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice at 12 months of age were fed a standard (9% kcal fat) or high-fat (60% kcal fat) diet for 22 weeks, and Neuro-2a (N2a) cells were treated with normal culture medium or a palmitic acid (PA) medium (100uM) for 40 h. After that, cognitive function was tested by Morris water maze (MWM). The levels of proteins involved in SIRT1/AMPK pathway and autophagy were measured using western blotting and immunofluorescence. We also assessed the phosphorylation of tau protein and synapse. RESULTS The mice presented impaired learning and memory abilities. We further found decreased levels of synaptophysin (Syn) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), increased tau46 and phosphorylated tau protein, and damaged neurons in mice after HFD or in N2a cells treated with PA medium. Moreover, HFD can also reduce the expression of SIRT1, inhibit AMPK phosphorylation, and block autophagic flow in both mice and cells. After treating the cells with the SIRT1 agonist SRT1720, SIRT1/AMPK pathway and autophagy-related proteins were partially reversed and the number of PA-induced positive cells was alleviated in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. CONCLUSIONS HFD may inhibit the expression of SIRT1/AMPK pathway and disrupt autophagy flux, and result in tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction during aging, which ultimately lead to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Yi
- The fifth Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Chuanling Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China.
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Herrera G, Silvero C MJ, Becerra MC, Lasaga M, Scimonelli T. Modulatory role of α-MSH in hippocampal-dependent memory impairment, synaptic plasticity changes, oxidative stress, and astrocyte reactivity induced by short-term high-fat diet intake. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109688. [PMID: 37591460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is associated with cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative diseases. Since the hippocampus is extremely sensitive to pathophysiological changes, neuroinflammation and the concomitant oxidative stress induced by HFD can significantly interfere with hippocampal-dependent functions related to learning and memory. The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) mediates neuroprotective actions in the central nervous system and can reverse the effects of neuroinflammation in cognitive functions that depend on the hippocampus. In this study, we used male Wistar rats to evaluate the effect of short-term HFD intake (5 days) plus a mild immune challenge, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS 10 μg/kg) on contextual fear, changes in structural plasticity, oxidative stress, and astrocyte reactivation in the hippocampus. We also determined the possible modulatory role of α-MSH. HFD consumption was associated with an increase in markers of oxidative stress (Advanced oxidation protein products and Malondialdehyde) in the dorsal hippocampus (DH). We also found changes in hippocampal structural synaptic plasticity, observing a decrease in total spine in the DH after HFD plus LPS. We observed astrocyte proliferation and a significant increase in the percentage of the area occupied by GFAP. Treatment with α-MSH (0.1 μg/0.25 μl) in the DH reversed the effect of short-term HFD plus LPS on contextual fear memory, oxidative stress, and spine density. α-MSH also reduced astrocyte proliferation. Our present results indicate that HFD consumption for a short period sensitizes the central nervous system (CNS) to a subsequent immune challenge and impairs contextual fear memory and that α-MSH could have a modulatory protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Herrera
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orshinger, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M Jazmín Silvero C
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica UNITEFA-CONICET. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Becerra
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica UNITEFA-CONICET. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas INBIOMED UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Scimonelli
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orshinger, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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15
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Wang Y, Rong X, Guan H, Ouyang F, Zhou X, Li F, Tan X, Li D. The Potential Effects of Isoleucine Restricted Diet on Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat-Induced Obese Mice via Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200767. [PMID: 37658490 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) can cause lipid metabolism disorders and cognitive impairment. Isoleucine restriction can effectively alleviate lipid metabolism disorders caused by HFD but the underlying mechanisms on cognition are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty 3-month-old C57BL/6J mice are divided equally into the following groups: the control group, HFD group, and HFD Low Ile group (67% reduction in isoleucine in high fat feeds). Feeding for 11 weeks with behavioral testing, which shows that isoleucine restriction attenuates HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction. As observed by staining, isoleucine restriction inhibits HFD-induced neuronal damage and microglia activation. Furthermore, isoleucine restriction significantly increases the relative abundance of gut microbiota, decreases the proportion of Proteobacteria, and reduces the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum and brain. Isoleucine restriction reduces protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibits upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine genes and protein expression in mice brain. In addition, isoleucine restriction significantly improves insulin resistance in the brain as well as synaptic plasticity impairment. CONCLUSION Isoleucine restriction may be a potential intervention to reduce HFD-induced cognitive impairment by altering gut microbiota, reducing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and improving synaptic plasticity in mice brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xue Rong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Hui Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Fangxin Ouyang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xintong Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
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Yeomans MR, Armitage R, Atkinson R, Francis H, Stevenson RJ. Habitual intake of fat and sugar is associated with poorer memory and greater impulsivity in humans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290308. [PMID: 37616232 PMCID: PMC10449134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The vicious cycle model of obesity suggests that repeated habitual intake of a diet high in fat and sugar (HFS) results in impairment in hippocampal function which in turn increases impulsive behaviours, making it harder to resist unhealthy diet choices. Evidence from studies with rodents consistently show switching to a HFS diet impairs performance on hippocampally-sensitive memory tasks. The limited literature in humans also suggest impaired memory and increased impulsivity related to higher habitual HFS intake. However, these changes in memory and impulsivity have been looked at independently. To investigate how these effects are inter-related, three experiments were conducted where relative HFS intake was related to measures of memory and impulsivity. In Experiment 1 (90 female participants), HFS was associated with higher scores on the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-revised (EMQ), and higher scores on the total, Attention (BISatt) and Motor (BISmot) sub-scales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS11). Experiment 2 (84 women and 35 men), replicated the association between HFS and EMQ, and also found HFS related to poorer performance on the hippocampally-sensitive 4 mountain (4MT) memory task. The association between HFS intake and the BISatt replicated, but there were no significant associations with other BIS11 measures or delay-discounting for monetary rewards. Experiment 3 (199 women and 87 men) replicated the associations between DFS and 4MT and EMQ, and also found an association with overall recall, but not response inhibition, from a Remembering Causes Forgetting task: HFS was also significantly associated with BIS total, BISatt and BISmot. In all three studies these associations remained when potential confounds (BMI, age, gender, hunger state, restrained and disinhibited eating) were controlled for. Mediation analysis found that the effect of HFS on memory at least part mediated the relationship between HFS and impulsivity in Experiments 1 and 3, but not 2. Overall these data provide some support for the vicious cycle model, but also suggest that trait impulsivity may be a risk factor for poor dietary choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Yeomans
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon Armitage
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Atkinson
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J. Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Safaei F, Farimaneh J, Rajabi Mohammad Abad A, Iranmanesh E, Arabpour F, Doostishoar F, Taherizadeh Z. The effect of silver nanoparticles on learning and memory in rodents: "a systematic review". J Occup Med Toxicol 2023; 18:15. [PMID: 37525184 PMCID: PMC10391766 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-023-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medicine owing to their antiseptic activity and inducing cell death. Despite AgNPs' importance in nano-engineering and medical benefits, animal studies have shown silver toxicity can damage multiple organs such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, intestines, and brain. Several investigations revealed the correlation between Ag administration by different methods with impaired cognitive and behavioral abilities. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to conclude on the existing evidence of impairments in learning and memory that were changed in rodents exposed to AgNPs. METHODS Main searches were retrieved in Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases from 1979 to 2022. Eligibility Criteria were applied to select and extract 15 articles among 892. RESULTS Learning and memory abilities of rats and mice in screened studies were evaluated with MWM, NORT, PAL, T-maze, Y-maze, contextual fear conditioning, Radial Arm Maze and Carousel Maze test. Data have shown various sizes from 10 to 100 nm could affect the results of tests among animals exposed to AgNPs compared with control animals. However, in some treatments, results achieved from tests have not demonstrated significant differences between control and treated groups. CONCLUSION Studies have revealed that treatment with Ag-NPs of different sizes can impair learning and memory skills in rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Safaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Farimaneh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Iranmanesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Arabpour
- Orthodontics department, school of dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farzad Doostishoar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zahra Taherizadeh
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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18
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Stevenson RJ. The psychological basis of hunger and its dysfunctions. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad092. [PMID: 37495211 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes a new and emerging psychological perspective on hunger, together with the implications of that perspective, which is based upon learning and memory. Hunger is a psychological state characterized by a desire to eat. Historically, conceptions of hunger have largely been expressed in terms of physiology (eg, biological process X causes hunger). However, physiology neither offers a psychological account of hunger nor explains why memory impairment can eliminate hunger. Two forms of hunger are identified - specific and general. Specific hunger is for particular palatable foods. It involves recollecting episodic memories of eating that food, when an associated cue is encountered (eg, an advert). General hunger is a desire to eat triggered by temporal (eg, it is lunchtime) or interoceptive (eg, tummy rumble) cues. It involves semantic memory retrieval, which then augments the expected - remembered - pleasure for any food. Both hungers are supported by the medial temporal lobe memory system. Damage to this system can occur from eating a Western-style diet and, longer-term, from obesity and its consequences. Medial temporal lobe memory damage may cause deficits in specific hunger, but most especially in general hunger, resulting in little motivation to eat foods that the individual considers to be of low-to-moderate palatability, such as fruit and vegetables. The implications of this account for teaching people hunger, for how hunger is affected by diet, for public education, and pharmaceutical intervention, are discussed. Psychological concepts of hunger are widely used in nutritional practice. This article provides a new and emerging perspective on the psychological basis of hunger and its implications.
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Ignjatović Đ, Tovilović-Kovačević G, Mićić B, Tomić M, Djordjevic A, Macut D, Vojnović Milutinović D. Effects of early life overnutrition and hyperandrogenism on spatial learning and memory in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Horm Behav 2023; 153:105392. [PMID: 37295324 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder characterized by endocrine and metabolic abnormalities such as obesity and insulin resistance. PCOS is also associated with psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment. The animal model of PCOS was induced by treating rats with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and additionally modified to induce adiposity by litter size reduction (LSR). Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Barnes Maze test, and striatal markers of synaptic plasticity were analyzed. Striatal insulin signaling was estimated by the levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), its inhibitory phosphorylation at Ser307, and glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β (GSK3α/β) activity. Both LSR and DHT treatment significantly decreased striatal protein levels of IRS1, followed by increased GSK3α/β activity in small litters. Results of the behavioral study showed that LSR had a negative effect on learning rate and memory retention, whereas DHT treatment did not induce impairment in memory formation. While protein levels of synaptophysin, GAP43, and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) were not altered by the treatments, DHT treatment induced an increase in phosphorylation of PSD-95 at Ser295 in both normal and small litters. This study revealed that LSR and DHT treatment suppressed insulin signaling by downregulating IRS1 in the striatum. However, DHT treatment did not have an adverse effect on learning and memory, probably due to compensatory elevation in pPSD-95-Ser295, which had a positive effect on synaptic strength. This implies that hyperandrogenemia in this setting does not represent a threat to spatial learning and memory, opposite to the effect of overnutrition-related adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đurđica Ignjatović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Gordana Tovilović-Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bojana Mićić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mirko Tomić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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20
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Kendig MD, Leigh S, Hasebe K, Kaakoush NO, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Obesogenic Diet Cycling Produces Graded Effects on Cognition and Microbiota Composition in Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200809. [PMID: 37083181 PMCID: PMC10909530 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects of diet cycling on cognition and fecal microbiota are not well understood. METHOD AND RESULTS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were cycled between a high-fat, high-sugar "cafeteria" diet (Caf) and regular chow. The impairment in place recognition memory produced by 16 days of Caf diet was reduced by switching to chow for 11 but not 4 days. Next, rats received 16 days of Caf diet in 2, 4, 8, or 16-day cycles, each separated by 4-day chow cycles. Place recognition memory declined from baseline in all groups and was impaired in the 16- versus 2-day group. Finally, rats received 24 days of Caf diet continuously or in 3-day cycles separated by 2- or 4-day chow cycles. Any Caf diet access impaired cognition and increased adiposity relative to controls, without altering hippocampal gene expression. Place recognition and adiposity were the strongest predictors of global microbiota composition. Overall, diets with higher Caf > chow ratios produced greater spatial memory impairments and larger shifts in gut microbiota species richness and beta diversity. CONCLUSION Results suggest that diet-induced cognitive deficits worsen in proportion to unhealthy diet exposure, and that shifting to a healthy chow for at least a week is required for recovery under the conditions tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Kendig
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of TechnologyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Sarah‐Jane Leigh
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
- APC MicrobiomeUniversity of CorkCorkT12 K8AFIreland
| | - Kyoko Hasebe
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
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21
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Atak S, Boye A, Peciña S, Liu ZX. High-Fat-Sugar Diet is Associated with Impaired Hippocampus-Dependent Memory in Humans. Physiol Behav 2023; 268:114225. [PMID: 37150429 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Overconsumption of high-fat and high-sugar (HFS) diet may affect the hippocampus, and consequently, memory functions. Yet, converging evidence is needed to demonstrate that the type of memory affected by HFS diet consumption is indeed hippocampus dependent. Moreover, the extent to which HFS diet can also affect executive functioning, and indirectly affect memory requires further examination. In this online study, we asked 349 young adults to report their HFS diet consumption and complete a word memory task, the Everyday Memory Questionnaire, and importantly two memory tasks that have been shown to robustly engage the hippocampus, i.e., the Pattern Separation and Associative Memory Tasks. Participants also completed two executive functioning tasks, the Trail Making Task (TMT) and the Stroop Task. These measures assess attention/cognitive flexibility and the ability to inhibit cognitive interference, respectively. After controlling for confounding variables, we found that participants who reported higher level consumption of a HFS diet performed worse on the Pattern Separation Task and that higher HFS intake was significantly associated with poorer TMT task performance and longer Stroop average reaction time (RT). TMT and Stroop RT scores indicative of reduced executive function also partially mediated the relationship between HFS diet and memory performance on the pattern separation task. Taken together, our results provide converging evidence that HFS diet may impair hippocampus-dependent memory. HFS diet may also affect executive functioning and indirectly impair memory function. The findings are consistent with human subject and animal studies and call for further investigations on the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying the dietary effects on cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Atak
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Alyssa Boye
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Susana Peciña
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhong-Xu Liu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA.
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22
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Kendig MD, Chow JYL, Martire SI, Rooney KB, Boakes RA. Switching from Sugar- to Artificially-Sweetened Beverages: A 12-Week Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:2191. [PMID: 37432352 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) forms the primary source of added sugar intake and can increase the risk of metabolic disease. Evidence from studies in humans and rodents also indicates that consumption of SSBs can impair performance on cognitive tests, but that removing SSB access can ameliorate these effects. METHODS The present study used an unblinded 3-group parallel design to assess the effects of a 12-week intervention in which young healthy adults (mean age = 22.85, SD = 3.89; mean BMI: 23.2, SD = 3.6) who regularly consumed SSBs were instructed to replace SSB intake with artificially-sweetened beverages (n = 28) or water (n = 25), or (c) to continue SSB intake (n = 27). RESULTS No significant group differences were observed in short-term verbal memory on the Logical Memory test or the ratio of waist circumference to height (primary outcomes), nor in secondary measures of effect, impulsivity, adiposity, or glucose tolerance. One notable change was a significant reduction in liking for strong sucrose solutions in participants who switched to water. Switching from SSBs to 'diet' drinks or water had no detectable impact on cognitive or metabolic health over the relatively short time frame studied here. This study was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615001004550; Universal Trial Number: U1111-1170-4543).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kendig
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Julie Y L Chow
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah I Martire
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kieron B Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Robert A Boakes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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23
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Advanced methods and implementations for the meta-analyses of animal models: Current practices and future recommendations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105016. [PMID: 36566804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic techniques have been widely used to synthesize data from animal models of human diseases and conditions, but these analyses often face two statistical challenges due to complex nature of animal data (e.g., multiple effect sizes and multiple species): statistical dependency and confounding heterogeneity. These challenges can lead to unreliable and less informative evidence, which hinders the translation of findings from animal to human studies. We present a literature survey of meta-analysis using animal models (animal meta-analysis), showing that these issues are not adequately addressed in current practice. To address these challenges, we propose a meta-analytic framework based on multilevel (linear mixed-effects) models. Through conceptualization, formulations, and worked examples, we illustrate how this framework can appropriately address these issues while allowing for testing new questions. Additionally, we introduce other advanced techniques such as multivariate models, robust variance estimation, and meta-analysis of emergent effect sizes, which can deliver robust inferences and novel biological insights. We also provide a tutorial with annotated R code to demonstrate the implementation of these techniques.
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24
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Sandoval-Salazar C, Jiménez-García SN, Beltrán-Campos V, Vera-Becerra LE, Núñez-Colín CA. Effect of berrycactus fruit ( Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220529. [PMID: 36742451 PMCID: PMC9883687 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the known metabolic alterations, obesity has consequences at the brain level, driving imbalance in neurotransmitters such as glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The consumption of fruits with antioxidant properties, such as the berrycactus Myrtillocactus geometrizans, could have beneficial effects in such an imbalance. The study objective was to evaluate frontal cortex neurotransmitter levels and weight changes in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and MG. To achieve that, five groups of Wistar rats received different diets for 24 weeks: standard diet (SDt), HFD, HFD + MG extract 150 mg (HMg150), HFD + MG extract 300 mg (HMg300), and HFD + MG extract 450 mg (HMg450); rats received MG extract for the last 4 weeks. Weight and food intake were recorded every week, and also neurotransmitter levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Groups fed with HFDs had increased Glu and Gln levels, decreased GABA, and also gained more weight compared to the SDt group; MG extract of 450 mg decreased Glu levels. Concentrations of 300 and 450 mg of MG extract decreased weight compared to the HFD and HMg150 groups. This study reports that HFDs have an impact on neurotransmitter levels and weight, MG extract showed a reduction in Glu concentration and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuauhtémoc Sandoval-Salazar
- Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Celaya 38060, México
| | - Sandra Neli Jiménez-García
- Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Celaya 38060, México
| | - Vicente Beltrán-Campos
- Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Celaya 38060, México
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Núñez-Colín
- Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Celaya 38060, México
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25
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Capucho AM, Chegão A, Martins FO, Melo BF, Madeira N, Sacramento JF, Fonseca R, Vicente Miranda H, Conde SV. Carotid Body Resection Prevents Short-Term Spatial Memory Decline in Prediabetic Rats Without Changing Insulin Signaling in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1427:143-152. [PMID: 37322345 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32371-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) at an early age are at higher risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. A shared dysfunctional characteristic between T2D and these neurodegenerative disorders is insulin resistance. Recently, it was shown that prediabetes animals and patients exhibited increased carotid body (CB) activity. Moreover, these organs are deeply involved in the development of metabolic diseases, since upon abolishment of their activity via carotid sinus nerve (CSN) resection, several dysmetabolic features of T2D were reverted. Herein, we investigated if CSN resection may also prevent cognitive impairment associated with brain insulin resistance. We explored a diet-induced prediabetes animal model where Wistar rats are kept in a high fat-high sucrose (HFHSu) diet for 20 weeks. We evaluated CSN resection effects on behavioral parameters and on insulin signaling-related proteins levels, in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. HFHSu animals exhibited impaired short-term memory evaluated by the y-maze test. Remarkably, CSN resection prevented the development of this phenotype. HFHSu diet or CSN resection did not promote significant alterations in insulin signaling-associated proteins levels. Our findings suggest that CBs modulation might have a role in preventing short-term spatial memory deficits associated with peripheral dysmetabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Capucho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Chegão
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima O Martins
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardete F Melo
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natália Madeira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana F Sacramento
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosalina Fonseca
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia V Conde
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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26
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Schaeffer JD, Newell C, Spann C, Siemens G, Liegey Dougall A. Inflammation, depression, and anxiety related to recognition memory in young adults. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 150:1-25. [PMID: 33729100 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1893638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that common modifiable health risk factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, metabolic illness, inflammation) may have an impact on memory. In the present study, we sought to investigate relationships between a number of these health risk factors and two components of recognition memory (recollection and familiarity). Data were analyzed for 96 healthy young adults between 17 and 25 years old. Recollection and familiarity were measured using an associative recognition procedure involving unitized and unrelated word pairs, and regression analyses were used to relate recognition memory performance to physical health (inflammation via plasma IL-6 levels, central obesity via waste-to-hip ratio, and heart rate variability) and mental health (depression via CESD-R, stress via PSS, and state and personality trait anxiety via STAI) measures of modifiable risk factors. Together, these health variables predicted an additional 19% of the variance in recollection beyond what was accounted for by familiarity, and 15% of the variance in familiarity beyond what was accounted for by recollection. These effects were primarily driven by inflammation, depression, and trait anxiety, which were each significant (p < .05) independent predictors of recognition. Higher levels of depression and inflammation were related to worse recollection yet better familiarity. Higher levels of trait anxiety were related to better recollection but were not related to familiarity. These findings demonstrate complex relationships between these modifiable health risk factors and recognition memory. Future longitudinal and cross-sectional research is needed to further explore these relationships and determine whether or not poor health causes these changes in recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Schaeffer
- Department of Psychology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Cory Newell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,LINK Research Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Spann
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - George Siemens
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,LINK Research Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Angela Liegey Dougall
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,LINK Research Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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27
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Kong X, Ma Z, Tang R, Wang X, Wei K, Yang G, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Xie C, Wang G, Ma X. Efficacy of acupuncture in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and its impact on gut microbiota: Study protocol for a randomized sham-controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1014113. [PMID: 36910501 PMCID: PMC9996632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1014113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acupuncture is used as an adjuvant therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but available evidence for efficacy is limited so far. Growing studies suggest that resident gut microbiota contributes to the development and progression of AD. Meanwhile, acupuncture is reported to treat gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative disorders via the gut-brain axis. Therefore, our aim is to confirm the adjunctive therapeutic effects of acupuncture for AD, and explore the relationship between clinical efficacy and shifts of gut microbiota. Methods and analysis This is a randomized, participant-masked, sham-controlled trial. One hundred and sixty participants with mild AD will be randomly assigned (1:1) to either active acupuncture or non-penetrating sham acupuncture (three times weekly for 14 weeks) added to donepezil treatment (5 mg per day for 28 weeks). The primary efficacy outcome is the change from baseline to week 28 in the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog12). Secondary efficacy outcomes include other assessments of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Alzheimer's disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Gut microbiota will be measured using 16S rRNA tag sequencing. Discussion This rigorous trial will provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy of acupuncture as adjunctive treatment for mild AD, and identify the possible mechanisms of acupuncture from gut microbiota. Clinical Trial Registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05078944], ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT05078944]. Registered 15 October 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehe Kong
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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López-Taboada I, Sal-Sarria S, Vallejo G, Coto-Montes A, Conejo NM, González-Pardo H. Sexual dimorphism in spatial learning and brain metabolism after exposure to a western diet and early life stress in rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113969. [PMID: 36181786 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged daily intake of Western-type diet rich in saturated fats and sugars, and exposure to early life stress have been independently linked to impaired neurodevelopment and behaviour in animal models. However, sex-specific effects of both environmental factors combined on spatial learning and memory, behavioural flexibility, and brain oxidative capacity have still not been addressed. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal and postnatal exposure to a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFS), and exposure to early life stress by maternal separation in adult male and female Wistar rats. For this purpose, spatial learning and memory and behavioural flexibility were evaluated in the Morris water maze, and regional brain oxidative capacity and oxidative stress levels were measured in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Spatial memory, regional brain oxidative metabolism, and levels of oxidative stress differed between females and males, suggesting sexual dimorphism in the effects of a HFS diet and early life stress. Males fed the HFS diet performed better than all other experimental groups independently of early life stress exposure. However, behavioural flexibility evaluated in the spatial reversal leaning task was impaired in males fed the HFS diet. In addition, exposure to maternal separation or the HFS diet increased the metabolic capacity of the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus in males and females. Levels of oxidative stress measured in the latter brain regions were also increased in groups fed the HFS diet, but maternal separation seemed to dampen regional brain oxidative stress levels. Therefore, these results suggest a compensatory effect resulting from the interaction between prolonged exposure to a HFS diet and early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López-Taboada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Saúl Sal-Sarria
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo Vallejo
- Methodology area, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nélida M Conejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Héctor González-Pardo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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29
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Anwer H, O'Dea RE, Mason D, Zajitschek S, Klinke A, Reid M, Hesselson D, Noble DWA, Morris MJ, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. The effects of an obesogenic diet on behavior and cognition in zebrafish (
Danio rerio
): Trait average, variability, repeatability, and behavioral syndromes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9511. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Anwer
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rose E. O'Dea
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dominic Mason
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Susanne Zajitschek
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Liverpool John Moores University School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool UK
| | - Annabell Klinke
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Madeleine Reid
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel W. A. Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Chen F, Yi WM, Wang SY, Yuan MH, Wen J, Li HY, Zou Q, Liu S, Cai ZY. A long-term high-fat diet influences brain damage and is linked to the activation of HIF-1α/AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signalling. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:978431. [PMID: 36188454 PMCID: PMC9524849 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.978431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) are related to the incidence of obesity and diabetes, but the effect of high-fat diet-induced brain damage remains to be clarified. In our study, we found that 24 weeks of a HFD effectively induced obesity and a change in fur color in mice. In addition, the mice also exhibited deficits in learning and memory. We further found that autophagic flux was impaired in mice after HFD feeding. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression was significantly increased in HFD-fed mice, and HFD feeding inhibited adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and induced mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and p70S6K expression. Treatment of HFD-induced BV2 cell model with palmitic acid (PA) was used to further verify a similar result. We concluded that improving tissue hypoxia or enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway may be a relevant strategy for improving obesity- and ageing-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-min Yi
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-hao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-you Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-you Cai, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-4020
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Yeste N, Pérez-Valle J, Heras-Molina A, Pesántez-Pacheco JL, Porrini E, González-Bulnes A, Bassols A. A High-Fat Diet Modifies Brain Neurotransmitter Profile and Hippocampal Proteome and Morphology in an IUGR Pig Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163440. [PMID: 36014946 PMCID: PMC9416793 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) hinders the correct growth of the fetus during pregnancy due to the lack of oxygen or nutrients. The developing fetus gives priority to brain development ("brain sparing"), but the risk exists of neurological and cognitive deficits at short or long term. On the other hand, diets rich in fat exert pernicious effects on brain function. Using a pig model of spontaneous IUGR, we have studied the effect on the adult of a long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on the neurotransmitter profile in several brain areas, and the morphology and the proteome of the hippocampus. Our hypothesis was that animals affected by IUGR (born with low birth weight) would present a different susceptibility to an HFD when they become adults, compared with normal birth-weight animals. Our results indicate that HFD affected the serotoninergic pathway, but it did not provoke relevant changes in the morphology of the hippocampus. Finally, the proteomic analysis revealed that, in some instances, NBW and LBW individuals respond to HFD in different ways. In particular, NBW animals presented changes in oxidative phosphorylation and the extracellular matrix, whereas LBW animals presented differences in RNA splicing, anterograde and retrograde transport and the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yeste
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Valle
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Heras-Molina
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Pesántez-Pacheco
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Avda, Doce de Octubre, Cuenca 010220, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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32
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Davidson TL, Stevenson RJ. Appetitive interoception, the hippocampus and western-style diet. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:845-859. [PMID: 35067848 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, Type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders continue to pose serious challenges to human health and well-being. An important source of these challenges is the overconsumption of saturated fats and sugar, main staples of what has been called the Western-style diet (WD). The current paper describes a theoretical model and supporting evidence that links intake of a WD to interference with a specific brain substrate that underlies processing of interoceptive signals of hunger and satiety. We review findings from rats and humans that the capacity of these signals to modulate the strength of appetitive and eating behavior depends on the functional integrity of the hippocampus and the learning memory operations it performs. Important among these operations is the use of contextual information to retrieve memories that are associated with other events. Within our framework, satiety provides an interoceptive context that informs animals that food cues and appetitive behavior will not be followed by rewarding postingestive outcomes. This serves to prevent those cues and responses from retrieving those reward memories. The findings reviewed provide evidence that consuming a WD and the high amounts of saturated fat and sugar it contains (a) is associated with the emergence of pathophysiologies to which the hippocampus appears selectively vulnerable (b) impairs hippocampal-dependent learning and memory (HDLM) and (c) weakens behavioral control by interoceptive hunger and satiety contextual stimuli. It is hypothesized that these consequences of WD intake may establish the conditions for a vicious cycle of further WD intake, obesity, and potentially cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Davidson
- Department of Neuroscience and the Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, USA.
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33
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Neurobiological Mechanisms Modulating Emotionality, Cognition and Reward-Related Behaviour in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147952. [PMID: 35887310 PMCID: PMC9317076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective and substance-use disorders are associated with overweight and obesity-related complications, which are often due to the overconsumption of palatable food. Both high-fat diets (HFDs) and psychostimulant drugs modulate the neuro-circuitry regulating emotional processing and metabolic functions. However, it is not known how they interact at the behavioural level, and whether they lead to overlapping changes in neurobiological endpoints. In this literature review, we describe the impact of HFDs on emotionality, cognition, and reward-related behaviour in rodents. We also outline the effects of HFD on brain metabolism and plasticity involving mitochondria. Moreover, the possible overlap of the neurobiological mechanisms produced by HFDs and psychostimulants is discussed. Our in-depth analysis of published results revealed that HFDs have a clear impact on behaviour and underlying brain processes, which are largely dependent on the developmental period. However, apart from the studies investigating maternal exposure to HFDs, most of the published results involve only male rodents. Future research should also examine the biological impact of HFDs in female rodents. Further knowledge about the molecular mechanisms linking stress and obesity is a crucial requirement of translational research and using rodent models can significantly advance the important search for risk-related biomarkers and the development of clinical intervention strategies.
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Mezo-González CE, Daher Abdi A, Reyes-Castro LA, Olvera Hernández S, Almeida C, Croyal M, Aguesse A, Gavioli EC, Zambrano E, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Learning Deficits Induced by High-Calorie Feeding in the Rat are Associated With Impaired Brain Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221111116. [PMID: 35846874 PMCID: PMC9277427 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to be a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular
disease, obesity is associated with learning disabilities. Here we examined
whether a dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp)
metabolism might underlie the learning deficits exhibited by obese individuals.
The KP is initiated by the enzymatic conversion of Trp into kynurenine (KYN) by
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). KYN is further converted to several signaling
molecules including quinolinic acid (QA) which has a negative impact on
learning. Wistar rats were fed either standard chow or made obese by exposure to
a free choice high-fat high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet. Their learning capacities were
evaluated using a combination of the novel object recognition and the novel
object location tasks, and the concentrations of Trp and KYN-derived metabolites
in several brain regions determined by ultra-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Male, but not female, obese rats
exhibited reduced learning capacity characterized by impaired encoding along
with increased hippocampal concentrations of QA, Xanthurenic acid (XA),
Nicotinamide (Nam), and oxidized Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+). In
contrast, no differences were detected in the serum levels of Trp or KP
metabolites. Moreover, obesity enhanced the expression in the hippocampus and
frontal cortex of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme involved in the
production of QA from kynurenine. QA stimulates the glutamatergic system and its
increased production leads to cognitive impairment. These results suggest that
the deleterious effects of obesity on cognition are sex dependent and that
altered KP metabolism might contribute to obesity-associated learning
disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amran Daher Abdi
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France
| | - Luis Antonio Reyes-Castro
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France.,Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Sandra Olvera Hernández
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France.,Medical and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Clarissa Almeida
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | | | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
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Vander Velden JW, Osborne DM. Prolonged diet-induced obesity modifies DNA methylation and gene expression in the hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2022; 780:136656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Sex and gender differences are seen in cognitive disturbances in a variety of neurological and psychiatry diseases. Men are more likely to have cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia whereas women are more likely to have more severe cognitive symptoms with major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, it is important to understand sex and gender differences in underlying cognitive abilities with and without disease. Sex differences are noted in performance across various cognitive domains - with males typically outperforming females in spatial tasks and females typically outperforming males in verbal tasks. Furthermore, there are striking sex differences in brain networks that are activated during cognitive tasks and in learning strategies. Although rarely studied, there are also sex differences in the trajectory of cognitive aging. It is important to pay attention to these sex differences as they inform researchers of potential differences in resilience to age-related cognitive decline and underlying mechanisms for both healthy and pathological cognitive aging, depending on sex. We review literature on the progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease, as an example of pathological cognitive aging in which human females show greater lifetime risk, neuropathology, and cognitive impairment, compared to human males. Not surprisingly, the relationships between sex and cognition, cognitive aging, and Alzheimer's disease are nuanced and multifaceted. As such, this chapter will end with a discussion of lifestyle factors, like education and diet, as modifiable factors that can alter cognitive aging by sex. Understanding how cognition changes across age and contributing factors, like sex differences, will be essential to improving care for older adults.
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You S, Jang M, Kim GH. Mori Cortex radicis extract protected against diet-induced neuronal damage by suppressing the AGE-RAGE/MAPK signaling pathway in C. elegans and mouse model. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration: Trick or Treat? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071425. [PMID: 35406040 PMCID: PMC9003269 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of a strong link between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. Indeed, epidemiologic studies have described solid associations between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration, whereas animal models contributed for the clarification of the mechanistic underlying the complex relationships between these conditions, having the development of an insulin resistance state a pivotal role in this relationship. Herein, we review in a concise manner the association between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. We start by providing concepts regarding the role of insulin and insulin signaling pathways as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms that are in the genesis of metabolic diseases. Then, we focus on the role of insulin in the brain, with special attention to its function in the regulation of brain glucose metabolism, feeding, and cognition. Moreover, we extensively report on the association between neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases, with a particular emphasis on the evidence observed in animal models of dysmetabolism induced by hypercaloric diets. We also debate on strategies to prevent and/or delay neurodegeneration through the normalization of whole-body glucose homeostasis, particularly via the modulation of the carotid bodies, organs known to be key in connecting the periphery with the brain.
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Miles B, Yang W, Dezsi G, Sokolenko E, Gomes FMM, Jupp B, Hill R, Hudson M, Jones NC. High sucrose diet does not impact spatial cognition in rats using advanced touchscreen technology. Behav Brain Res 2022; 418:113665. [PMID: 34767903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Western diets, including those consisting of saturated fats, simple sugars and processed foods, is rising at an unprecedented rate. These lead to obesity and metabolic diseases, and possibly cognitive deficits. Exploring this, recent studies demonstrate marked impairment in spatial learning in rodents exposed to high-sugar diets. We utilised advanced touchscreen technology to assess several spatial and non-spatial components of cognition in rats chronically exposed to a high sucrose diet. METHODS Male Wistar rats received 70 ml of 10% sucrose solution each day, or control tap water, persisting for the experiment duration (total n = 32). After 5 weeks of diet, rats performed Pairwise Discrimination, Location Discrimination, or Progressive Ratio tasks on automated touchscreens, and performance compared between groups. RESULTS Sucrose rats consumed all the sugar solution provided to them, and had significantly increased caloric intake, compared to controls (p < 0.0001). However, in all tests, we found no significant difference in cognitive performance between Sucrose and Control treated rats. This included the number of trials for acquisition, and reversal, in Pairwise Discrimination, and number of trials required to complete Location Discrimination (p > 0.05 for all outcomes). No differences were observed in perseverative behaviour, motivation levels, or processing speed. CONCLUSION Our study found no evidence to suggest that chronic consumption of sucrose impairs cognition, including both spatial and non-spatial learning tasks. These findings suggest that not all aspects of spatial cognition are negatively impacted by high sugar diet in rodents, and that particular use of touchscreen technology may probe different aspects of cognition than traditional tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briannah Miles
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - William Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Gabi Dezsi
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Elysia Sokolenko
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Flávia M M Gomes
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rachel Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Paulo SL, Miranda-Lourenço C, Belo RF, Rodrigues RS, Fonseca-Gomes J, Tanqueiro SR, Geraldes V, Rocha I, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S, Diógenes MJ. High Caloric Diet Induces Memory Impairment and Disrupts Synaptic Plasticity in Aged Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2305-2319. [PMID: 34940136 PMCID: PMC8929079 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing consumption of sugar and fat seen over the last decades and the consequent overweight and obesity, were recently linked with a deleterious effect on cognition and synaptic function. A major question, which remains to be clarified, is whether obesity in the elderly is an additional risk factor for cognitive impairment. We aimed at unravelling the impact of a chronic high caloric diet (HCD) on memory performance and synaptic plasticity in aged rats. Male rats were kept on an HCD or a standard diet (control) from 1 to 24 months of age. The results showed that under an HCD, aged rats were obese and displayed significant long-term recognition memory impairment when compared to age-matched controls. Ex vivo synaptic plasticity recorded from hippocampal slices from HCD-fed aged rats revealed a reduction in the magnitude of long-term potentiation, accompanied by a decrease in the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptors TrkB full-length (TrkB-FL). No alterations in neurogenesis were observed, as quantified by the density of immature doublecortin-positive neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. This study highlights that obesity induced by a chronic HCD exacerbates age-associated cognitive decline, likely due to impaired synaptic plasticity, which might be associated with deficits in TrkB-FL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Miranda-Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita F. Belo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara R. Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera Geraldes
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.G.); (I.R.)
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rocha
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.G.); (I.R.)
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217-985-183
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Li Y, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Du H, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Mei J, Wu W, Chen M. High fat diet-induced obesity leads to depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice via AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113949. [PMID: 34902357 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in modern society. In recent years, several studies show that there are disturbances in lipid metabolism in depressed patients. High-fat diet may lead to anxiety and depression, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In our study, we found that 8 weeks of high-fat feeding effectively induced metabolic disorders, including obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice. Interestingly, the mice also showed depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. We further found activated microglia and astrocyte, increased neuroinflammation, decreased autophagy and BDNF levels in mice after high-fat feeding. Besides, high-fat feeding can also inhibit AMPK phosphorylation and induce mTOR phosphorylation. After treating with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, autophagy and BDNF levels were elevated. The number of activated microglia and astrocyte, and pro-inflammation levels were reduced. Besides, rapamycin can also reduce the body weight and serum lipid level in high fat feeding mice. Depressive and anxiety-like behaviors were also ameliorated to some extent after rapamycin treatment. In summary, these results suggest that high-fat diet-induced obesity may lead to depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice by inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation and promoting mTOR shift to phosphorylation to inhibit autophagy. Therefore, improving lipid metabolism or enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway could be potential targets for the treatment of obesity depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhentao Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yuenan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhongnan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinyu Mei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Wenning Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Sexually Dimorphic Effects of a Western Diet on Brain Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Neurocognitive Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124222. [PMID: 34959774 PMCID: PMC8705773 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A Western diet (WD), high in sugars and saturated fats, impairs learning and memory function and contributes to weight gain. Mitochondria in the brain provide energy for neurocognitive function and may play a role in body weight regulation. We sought to determine whether a WD alters behavior and metabolic outcomes in male and female rodents through impacting hippocampal and hypothalamic mitochondrial bioenergetics. Results revealed a sexually dimorphic macronutrient preference, where males on the WD consumed a greater percentage of calories from fat/protein and females consumed a greater percentage of calories from a sugar-sweetened beverage. Both males and females on a WD gained body fat and showed impaired glucose tolerance when compared to same-sex controls. Males on a WD demonstrated impaired hippocampal functioning and an elevated tendency toward a high membrane potential in hippocampal mitochondria. Comprehensive bioenergetics analysis of WD effects in the hypothalamus revealed a tissue-specific adaption, where males on the WD oxidized more fat, and females oxidized more fat and carbohydrates at peak energy demand compared to same-sex controls. These results suggest that adult male rats show a susceptibility toward hippocampal dysfunction on a WD, and that hypothalamic mitochondrial bioenergetics are altered by WD in a sex-specific manner.
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Martínez-Orozco H, Reyes-Castro LA, Lomas-Soria C, Sandoval-Salazar C, Ramírez-Emiliano J, Díaz-Cintra S, Solís-Ortiz S. High-fat and combined high-fat-high-fructose diets impair episodic-like memory and decrease glutamate and glutamine in the hippocampus of adult mice. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2479-2489. [PMID: 34719357 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1977452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet-induced obesity is associated with premature cognitive decline. Elevated consumption of fats and sugars in humans and rodents has been associated with deficits in recognition memory, which is modulated by the hippocampus. Alterations in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in this area have been observed after hypercaloric diets, but the effects on episodic-like memory are not conclusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of hypercaloric diets on memory and their relationship with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and glutamine and their genetic expression in the hippocampus. DESIGN A control diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD) and a combined high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFrD) were administered to 30 C57BL/6 adult mice for 10 weeks. The discrimination indexes and exploration time of the novel object recognition (NOR) and novel object location (NOL) tasks were evaluated and GABA, glutamate and glutamine concentrations and their genetic expression were obtained from the hippocampus. RESULTS The HFFrD induced lower discrimination indexes, decreased exploration time in the recognition memory tasks, and lowered the concentrations of glutamate and glutamine, and HFD increased their expression in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a possible adaptative long-term mechanism in the hippocampal neurotransmitters, and this possibility may underlie the episodic-like memory deficits in mice fed HFD and HFFrD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Martínez-Orozco
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, México
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- CONACYT Cátedras, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cuauhtémoc Sandoval-Salazar
- Departamento de Enfermería y Obstetricia, División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, Celaya, México
| | - Joel Ramírez-Emiliano
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, México
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Laboratorio de Neuromorfometría y Desarrollo, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Silvia Solís-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, México
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Breuer S, Kasper P, Vohlen C, Janoschek R, Hoffmann T, Appel S, Müller-Limberger E, Mesaros A, Rose-John S, Garbers C, Müller S, Lackmann JW, Mahabir E, Dötsch J, Hucklenbruch-Rother E, Bae-Gartz I. Brain-Restricted Inhibition of IL-6 Trans-Signaling Mildly Affects Metabolic Consequences of Maternal Obesity in Male Offspring. Nutrients 2021; 13:3735. [PMID: 34835991 PMCID: PMC8618896 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity greatly affects next generations, elevating obesity risk in the offspring through perinatal programming and flawed maternal and newborn nutrition. The exact underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediates its effects through a membrane-bound receptor or by trans-signaling (tS), which can be inhibited by the soluble form of the co-receptor gp130 (sgp130). As IL-6 tS mediates western-style diet (WSD) effects via chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI) and LGI is an important mediator in brain-adipose tissue communication, this study aims at determining the effects of maternal obesity in a transgenic mouse model of brain-restricted IL-6tS inhibition (GFAPsgp130) on offspring's short- and long-term body composition and epigonadal white adipose tissue (egWAT) metabolism. Female wild type (WT) or transgenic mice were fed either standard diet (SD) or WSD pregestationally, during gestation, and lactation. Male offspring received SD from postnatal day (P)21 to P56 and were metabolically challenged with WSD from P56 to P120. At P21, offspring from WT and transgenic dams that were fed WSD displayed increased body weight and egWAT mass, while glucose tolerance testing showed the strongest impairment in GFAPsgp130WSD offspring. Simultaneously, egWAT proteome reveals a characteristic egWAT expression pattern in offspring as a result of maternal conditions. IL-6tS inhibition in transgenic mice was in tendency associated with lower body weight in dams on SD and their respective offspring but blunted by the WSD. In conclusion, maternal nutrition affects offspring's body weight and egWAT metabolism predominantly independent of IL-6tS inhibition, emphasizing the importance of maternal and newborn nutrition for long-term offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Breuer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Philipp Kasper
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Thorben Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Sarah Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Elena Müller-Limberger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Department of Phenotyping, Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Müller
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Proteomics Facility, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Inga Bae-Gartz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (S.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
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Więckowska-Gacek A, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wydrych M, Wojda U. Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer's disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101397. [PMID: 34214643 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the holistic view of the interacting processes through which such diet may contribute to AD pathogenesis is missing. We addressed this need through extensive analysis of published studies investigating the effects of western diet (WD) on AD development in humans and laboratory animals. We reviewed WD-induced systemic alterations comprising metabolic changes, induction of obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and acceleration of systemic low-grade inflammation. Next we provide an overview of the evidence demonstrating that WD-associated systemic alterations drive impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and development of neuroinflammation paralleled by accumulation of toxic amyloid. Later these changes are followed by dysfunction of synaptic transmission, neurodegeneration and finally memory and cognitive impairment. We conclude that WD can trigger AD by acceleration of inflammaging, and that BBB impairment induced by metabolic and systemic inflammation play the central role in this process. Moreover, the concurrence of neuroinflammation and Aβ dyshomeostasis, which by reciprocal interactions drive the vicious cycle of neurodegeneration, contradicts Aβ as the primary trigger of AD. Given that in 2019 the World Health Organization recommended focusing on modifiable risk factors in AD prevention, this overview of the sequential, complex pathomechanisms initiated by WD, which can lead from peripheral disturbances to neurodegeneration, can support future prevention strategies.
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Taylor ZB, Stevenson RJ, Ehrenfeld L, Francis HM. The impact of saturated fat, added sugar and their combination on human hippocampal integrity and function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:91-106. [PMID: 34400179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Paralleling animal research, there is emerging evidence that a Western-style (WS) diet - high in saturated fat and added sugar - impairs human hippocampal functioning. However, the conditions under which this occurs are not fully understood and there have been published failures to detect such effects. To date, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis of relevant human studies. We undertook a systematic database search and review. Twenty studies were identified, two experimental, with the remainder correlational. The latter were included in a meta-analyses on the impact of WS-diet and its macronutrient components on human hippocampal function. Effects of age and sex were also examined. A WS-diet adversely impacted human hippocampal volume and functioning, with a small-pooled effect size. No effects were found for individual macronutrients. There was a high-level of study heterogeneity, which was not fully explained by study/sample characteristics. This may arise via the wide range of assessment tools used to measure both dietary intake and hippocampal functioning. Overall, a WS-diet clearly impacts human hippocampal functioning as in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe B Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Richard J Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Lauren Ehrenfeld
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Heather M Francis
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Mizera J, Kazek G, Niedzielska-Andres E, Pomierny-Chamiolo L. Maternal high-sugar diet results in NMDA receptors abnormalities and cognitive impairment in rat offspring. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21547. [PMID: 33855764 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002691r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment affects patients suffering from various neuropsychiatric diseases, which are often accompanied by changes in the glutamatergic system. Epidemiological studies indicate that predispositions to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases may be programmed prenatally. Mother's improper diet during pregnancy and lactation may cause fetal abnormalities and, consequently, predispose to diseases in childhood and even adulthood. Considering the prevalence of obesity in developed countries, it seems important to examine the effects of diet on the behavior and physiology of future generations. We hypothesized that exposure to sugar excess in a maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation would affect memory as the NMDA receptor-related processes. Through the manipulation of the sugar amount in the maternal diet in rats, we assessed its effect on offspring's memory. Then, we evaluated if memory alterations were paralleled by molecular changes in NMDA receptors and related modulatory pathways in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus of adolescent and young adult female and male offspring. Behavioral studies have shown sex-related changes like impaired recognition memory in adolescent males and spatial memory in females. Molecular results confirmed an NMDA receptor hypofunction along with subunit composition abnormalities in the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent offspring. In young adults, GluN2A-containing receptors were dominant in the medial prefrontal cortex, while in the hippocampus the GluN2B subunit contribution was elevated. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a maternal high-sugar diet can affect the memory processes in the offspring by disrupting the NMDA receptor composition and regulation in the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Mizera
- Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kazek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Rehn S, Boakes RA, Badolato CJ, Rooney KB. Sex differences in recovery from cognitive and metabolic impairments induced by supplementary sucrose in rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113515. [PMID: 34224781 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of beverages containing around 10% sucrose contributes to worldwide obesity. Studies using rats can increase understanding of the consequences of such consumption. The present experiment aimed to compare male and female rats, first, in terms of cognitive and metabolic impairments produced by excessive intakes of 10% sucrose solution (Stage 1:8 weeks) and, second, with regard to recovery once access to sucrose ceased (Stage 2:4 weeks). All animals had unrestricted access to chow and water throughout. The primary cognitive outcome was performance on a place recognition task. The primary metabolic outcome was retroperitoneal fat pad mass/kg bodyweight at cull, with body weight and glucose tolerance as secondary outcomes. In a 3 × 2 between-subject factorial design the first factor was whether rats had: (1) unlimited access to a 10% sucrose solution and water throughout both stages (Suc-Suc); (2) were switched from sucrose in the 8-week Stage 1 to water only in the 4-week Stage 2 (Suc-Water); or (3) had no access to sucrose in either stage (Water-Water). The second factor was sex. A major metabolic outcome was that of persistent adiposity in both males and females in the Suc-Water condition. As for place recognition, females in the Suc-Suc condition showed greater long-term resistance than males to the impact of excessive sucrose on spatial memory impairment. Overall, few sex differences were found in secondary metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rehn
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Kieron B Rooney
- Faculty of Health Science, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
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Effects of acute, sub-chronic and chronic chocolate consumption with different percent of cocoa/sugar on memory and EEG waves in rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Kendig MD, Leigh SJ, Morris MJ. Unravelling the impacts of western-style diets on brain, gut microbiota and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:233-243. [PMID: 34153343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The steady rise in the prevalence of obesity has been fostered by modern environments that reduce energy expenditure and encourage consumption of 'western'-style diets high in fat and sugar. Obesity has been consistently associated with impairments in executive function and episodic memory, while emerging evidence indicates that high-fat, high-sugar diets can impair aspects of cognition within days, even when provided intermittently. Here we review the detrimental effects of diet and obesity on cognition and the role of inflammatory and circulating factors, compromised blood-brain barrier integrity and gut microbiome changes. We next evaluate evidence for changing risk profiles across life stages (adolescence and ageing) and other populations at risk (e.g. through maternal obesity). Finally, interventions to ameliorate diet-induced cognitive deficits are discussed, including dietary shifts, exercise, and the emerging field of microbiome-targeted therapies. With evidence that poor diet and obesity impair cognition via multiple mechanisms across the human lifespan, the challenge for future research is to identify effective interventions, in addition to diet and exercise, to prevent and ameliorate adverse effects.
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