1
|
Li T, Jiang YT, Qi XZ, Chen P, Zhang JH, Luo F, Qiao J, Gu J, Du GS, Wang Q. Circadian disturbance induces erectile dysfunction by impairing endothelial function. Asian J Androl 2024; 26:205-211. [PMID: 38048170 PMCID: PMC10919418 DOI: 10.4103/aja202345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the impact of circadian disturbance on erectile function, we randomly divided 24 adult male rats into groups of control (light on at 8:00 a.m. and off at 8:00 p.m.), dark/dark (DD; constant dark), light/light (LL; constant light), and shift dark/light (DL; light off at 8:00 a.m. and on at 8:00 p.m.). Four weeks later, erectile function was measured and corpora cavernosa were harvested for analysis. The maximum intracavernous pressure (mICP) and mICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio in the DD, LL, and DL groups were significantly lower than that in the control group. The LL and DL groups showed significantly attenuated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), while DD, LL, and DL showed reduced neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) at both mRNA and protein levels. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was inhibited by altered light/dark cycles to varying degrees. Circadian disturbance impaired endothelial function and contributed to erectile dysfunction. For the core circadian elements, mRNA expression of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput ( Clock ) and brain/muscle aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 ( Bmal1 ) was elevated in the DL group, but their protein expression was not significantly changed. DD, LL, and DL increased period 1 ( Per1 ) and Per3 levels, while LL and DL increased PER1 levels. No significant difference was found for Per2 levels, and PER2 and PER3 concentrations were not significantly changed. Moreover, LL and DL significantly increased cryptochrome-1 (CRY1) and CRY2 at both mRNA and protein levels. The altered light/dark rat model showed that circadian disturbance contributed to erectile dysfunction probably by impairing endothelial function. Meanwhile, the core circadian elements were detected in the corpora cavernosa, but these were disrupted. However, which circadian element regulates erectile function and how it works need further analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Yi-Ting Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Qi
- Guizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jun-Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Fu Luo
- Department of Reproductive Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Guang-Shi Du
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan D, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J. Melanopsin-mediated optical entrainment regulates circadian rhythms in vertebrates. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1054. [PMID: 37853054 PMCID: PMC10584931 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanopsin (OPN4) is a light-sensitive protein that plays a vital role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and other nonvisual functions. Current research on OPN4 has focused on mammals; more evidence is needed from non-mammalian vertebrates to fully assess the significance of the non-visual photosensitization of OPN4 for circadian rhythm regulation. There are species differences in the regulatory mechanisms of OPN4 for vertebrate circadian rhythms, which may be due to the differences in the cutting variants, tissue localization, and photosensitive activation pathway of OPN4. We here summarize the distribution of OPN4 in mammals, birds, and teleost fish, and the classical excitation mode for the non-visual photosensitive function of OPN4 in mammals is discussed. In addition, the role of OPN4-expressing cells in regulating circadian rhythm in different vertebrates is highlighted, and the potential rhythmic regulatory effects of various neuropeptides or neurotransmitters expressed in mammalian OPN4-expressing ganglion cells are summarized among them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, 100193, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maccallini C, Amoroso R. Preface to Nitric Oxide Modulators in Health and Disease I. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206820. [PMID: 36296414 PMCID: PMC9610956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
5
|
Lee R, McGee A, Fernandez FX. Systematic review of drugs that modify the circadian system's phase-shifting responses to light exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:866-879. [PMID: 34961774 PMCID: PMC8882192 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We searched PubMed for primary research quantifying drug modification of light-induced circadian phase-shifting in rodents. This search, conducted for work published between 1960 and 2018, yielded a total of 146 papers reporting results from 901 studies. Relevant articles were those with any extractable data on phase resetting in wildtype (non-trait selected) rodents administered a drug, alongside a vehicle/control group, near or at the time of exposure. Most circadian pharmacology experiments were done using drugs thought to act directly on either the brain's central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the SCN's primary relay, the retinohypothalamic tract, secondary pathways originating from the medial/dorsal raphe nuclei and intergeniculate leaflet, or the brain's sleep-arousal centers. While the neurotransmitter systems underlying these circuits were of particular interest, including those involving glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and acetylcholine, other signaling modalities have also been assessed, including agonists and antagonists of receptors linked to dopamine, histamine, endocannabinoids, adenosine, opioids, and second-messenger pathways downstream of glutamate receptor activation. In an effort to identify drugs that unduly influence circadian responses to light, we quantified the net effects of each drug class by ratioing the size of the phase-shift observed after administration to that observed with vehicle in a given experiment. This allowed us to organize data across the literature, compare the relative efficacy of one mechanism versus another, and clarify which drugs might best suppress or potentiate phase resetting. Aggregation of the available data in this manner suggested that several candidates might be clinically relevant as auxiliary treatments to suppress ectopic light responses during shiftwork or amplify the circadian effects of timed bright light therapy. Future empirical research will be necessary to validate these possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Austin McGee
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- BIO5 and McKnight Brain Research Institutes, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verma AK, Singh S, Garg G, Rizvi SI. Melatonin exerts neuroprotection in a chronodisrupted rat model through reduction in oxidative stress and modulation of autophagy. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:45-56. [PMID: 34384302 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1966025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian disruption due to artificial light affects cellular redox homeostasis and may lead to neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of continuous light exposure (CLE) and continuous dark exposure (CDE) along with melatonin supplementation on neuronal redox status, mitochondrial complexes, membrane bound transporters, inflammation, autophagy and neurodegeneration in chronodisrupted model of rat. In the study artificial light of white LED bulb with 500 lux intensity was used. Melatonin (10 mg/kg b.w., orally) was supplemented to control and CLE groups for 10 days. Standard protocols were employed to measure pro-oxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and mitochondrial complexes in brain tissues. Membrane-bound ion transporter activities were evaluated in the crude synaptosomes. Gene expression analysis was performed to assess the expression of inflammatory, autophagy and neuronal marker genes. Histopathological changes in cerebral cortex and different hippocampus regions of the brain were studied. Melatonin exerted a significant normalization of redox status biomarkers in brain tissue. Further melatonin restored the activities of mitochondrial complexes and synaptosomal membrane bound ion transporters. RT-PCR data revealed that melatonin downregulated the expression of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6) autophagy (Atg-3, Beclin-1) and neurodegenerative genes (Ngb and NSE) in CLE group. Melatonin also preserved the histology architecture in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Our results indicate that melatonin exerts a potent neuroprotective effect through reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy. Melatonin supplementation might be a promising neurotherapeutic in the treatment neurodegenerative disorders caused by circadian disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Geetika Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alzate-Correa D, Aten S, Campbell MJ, Hoyt KR, Obrietan K. Light-induced changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus transcriptome regulated by the ERK/MAPK pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249430. [PMID: 34191798 PMCID: PMC8244859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian master circadian pacemaker within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) maintains tight entrainment to the 24 hr light/dark cycle via a sophisticated clock-gated rhythm in the responsiveness of the oscillator to light. A central event in this light entrainment process appears to be the rapid induction of gene expression via the ERK/MAPK pathway. Here, we used RNA array-based profiling in combination with pharmacological disruption methods to examine the contribution of ERK/MAPK signaling to light-evoked gene expression. Transient photic stimulation during the circadian night, but not during the circadian day, triggered marked changes in gene expression, with early-night light predominately leading to increased gene expression and late-night light predominately leading to gene downregulation. Functional analysis revealed that light-regulated genes are involved in a diversity of physiological processes, including DNA transcription, RNA translation, mRNA processing, synaptic plasticity and circadian timing. The disruption of MAPK signaling led to a marked reduction in light-evoked gene regulation during the early night (32/52 genes) and late night (190/191 genes); further, MAPK signaling was found to gate gene expression across the circadian cycle. Together, these experiments reveal potentially important insights into the transcriptional-based mechanisms by which the ERK/MAPK pathway regulates circadian clock timing and light-evoked clock entrainment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alzate-Correa
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Sydney Aten
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kari R. Hoyt
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Karl Obrietan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cavieres-Lepe J, Ewer J. Reciprocal Relationship Between Calcium Signaling and Circadian Clocks: Implications for Calcium Homeostasis, Clock Function, and Therapeutics. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:666673. [PMID: 34045944 PMCID: PMC8144308 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.666673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, circadian clocks impose a daily rhythmicity to many behaviors and physiological processes. At the molecular level, circadian rhythms are driven by intracellular transcriptional/translational feedback loops (TTFL). Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that they can also be modulated by multiple signaling pathways. Among these, Ca2+ signaling plays a key role in regulating the molecular rhythms of clock genes and of the resulting circadian behavior. In addition, the application of in vivo imaging approaches has revealed that Ca2+ is fundamental to the synchronization of the neuronal networks that make up circadian pacemakers. Conversely, the activity of circadian clocks may influence Ca2+ signaling. For instance, several genes that encode Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-binding proteins display a rhythmic expression, and a disruption of this cycling affects circadian function, underscoring their reciprocal relationship. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how Ca2+ signaling both modulates and is modulated by circadian clocks, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms described in Drosophila and mice. In particular, we examine findings related to the oscillations in intracellular Ca2+ levels in circadian pacemakers and how they are regulated by canonical clock genes, neuropeptides, and light stimuli. In addition, we discuss how Ca2+ rhythms and their associated signaling pathways modulate clock gene expression at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. We also review evidence based on transcriptomic analyzes that suggests that mammalian Ca2+ channels and transporters (e.g., ryanodine receptor, ip3r, serca, L- and T-type Ca2+ channels) as well as Ca2+-binding proteins (e.g., camk, cask, and calcineurin) show rhythmic expression in the central brain clock and in peripheral tissues such as the heart and skeletal muscles. Finally, we discuss how the discovery that Ca2+ signaling is regulated by the circadian clock could influence the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and the outcomes of clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cavieres-Lepe
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - John Ewer
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Redox and Antioxidant Modulation of Circadian Rhythms: Effects of Nitroxyl, N-Acetylcysteine and Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092514. [PMID: 33925826 PMCID: PMC8123468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock at the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) entrains output rhythms to 24-h light cycles. To entrain by phase-advances, light signaling at the end of subjective night (circadian time 18, CT18) requires free radical nitric oxide (NO•) binding to soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) heme group, activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Phase-delays at CT14 seem to be independent of NO•, whose redox-related species were yet to be investigated. Here, the one-electron reduction of NO• nitroxyl was pharmacologically delivered by Angeli’s salt (AS) donor to assess its modulation on phase-resetting of locomotor rhythms in hamsters. Intracerebroventricular AS generated nitroxyl at the SCN, promoting phase-delays at CT14, but potentiated light-induced phase-advances at CT18. Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) couple measured in SCN homogenates showed higher values at CT14 (i.e., more reduced) than at CT18 (oxidized). In addition, administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and GSH induced delays per se at CT14 but did not affect light-induced advances at CT18. Thus, the relative of NO• nitroxyl generates phase-delays in a reductive SCN environment, while an oxidative favors photic-advances. These data suggest that circadian phase-locking mechanisms should include redox SCN environment, generating relatives of NO•, as well as coupling with the molecular oscillator.
Collapse
|
10
|
Plano SA, Alessandro MS, Trebucq LL, Endo S, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ. Role of G-Substrate in the NO/cGMP/PKG Signal Transduction Pathway for Photic Entrainment of the Hamster Circadian Clock. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:1759091420984920. [PMID: 33430619 PMCID: PMC7809303 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420984920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock at the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) entrains biological rhythms to the 24-h cyclic environment, by encoding light-dark transitions in SCN neurons. Light pulses induce phase shifts in the clock and in circadian rhythms; photic signaling for circadian phase advances involves a nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) pathway, increasing the expression of Period (Per) genes. Effectors downstream of PKG remain unknown. Here we investigate the role of G-substrate (GS), a PKG substrate, in the hamster SCN. GS and phosphorylated G-substrate (p-GS) were present in a subset of SCN cells. Moreover, GS phosphorylation (p-GS/GS ratio) increased in SCN homogenates after light pulses delivered at circadian time (CT) 18 and intraperitoneal treatment with sildenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase). On the other hand, intracerebroventricular treatment with the PKG inhibitor KT5823, reduced photic phosphorylation of GS to basal levels. Since p-GS could act as a protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) inhibitor, we demonstrated physical interaction between p-GS and PP2A in SCN homogenates, and also a light-pulse dependent decrease of PP2A activity. Intracerebroventricular treatment with okadaic acid, a PP2A inhibitor, increased the magnitude of light-induced phase advances of locomotor rhythms. We provide evidence on the physiological phosphorylation of GS as a new downstream effector in the NO/cGMP/PKG photic pathway in the hamster SCN, including its role as a PP2A inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Andrés Plano
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Lucía Trebucq
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Diego Andrés Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Araki S, Osuka K, Takata T, Tsuchiya Y, Watanabe Y. Coordination between Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217997. [PMID: 33121174 PMCID: PMC7662388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is highly abundant in the brain and exhibits broad substrate specificity, thereby it is thought to participate in the regulation of neuronal death and survival. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), is an important neurotransmitter and plays a role in neuronal activity including learning and memory processes. However, high levels of NO can contribute to excitotoxicity following a stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Aside from NO, nNOS also generates superoxide which is involved in both cell injury and signaling. CaMKII is known to activate and translocate from the cytoplasm to the post-synaptic density in response to neuronal activation where nNOS is predominantly located. Phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser847 by CaMKII decreases NO generation and increases superoxide generation. Conversely, NO-induced S-nitrosylation of CaMKII at Cys6 is a prominent determinant of the CaMKII inhibition in ATP competitive fashion. Thus, the "cross-talk" between CaMKII and NO/superoxide may represent important signal transduction pathways in brain. In this review, we introduce the molecular mechanism of and pathophysiological role of mutual regulation between CaMKII and nNOS in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Araki
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Said R, Lobanova L, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Calcium Sets the Clock in Ameloblasts. Front Physiol 2020; 11:920. [PMID: 32848861 PMCID: PMC7411184 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is one of the main components of the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) signaling pathway. Individuals with mutated STIM1 present severely hypomineralized enamel characterized as amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) but the downstream molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Circadian clock signaling plays a key role in regulating the enamel thickness and mineralization, but the effects of STIM1-mediated AI on circadian clock are unknown. Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the potential links between SOCE and the circadian clock during amelogenesis. Methods We have generated mice with ameloblast-specific deletion of Stim1 (Stim1fl/fl/Amelx-iCre+/+, Stim1 cKO) and analyzed circadian gene expression profile in Stim1 cKO compared to control (Stim1fl/fl/Amelx-iCre–/–) using ameloblast micro-dissection and RNA micro-array of 84 circadian genes. Expression level changes were validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Stim1 deletion has resulted in significant upregulation of the core circadian activator gene Brain and Muscle Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocation 1 (Bmal1) and downregulation of the circadian inhibitor Period 2 (Per2). Our analyses also revealed that SOCE disruption results in dysregulation of two additional circadian regulators; p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK14) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Both MAPK14 and TGF-β1 pathways are known to play major roles in enamel secretion and their dysregulation has been previously implicated in the development of AI phenotype. Conclusion These data indicate that disruption of SOCE significantly affects the ameloblasts molecular circadian clock, suggesting that alteration of the circadian clock may be partly involved in the development of STIM1-mediated AI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raed Said
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Symphony of Signals: Intercellular and Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Circadian Timekeeping in Mice and Flies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092363. [PMID: 31086044 PMCID: PMC6540063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The central pacemakers of circadian timekeeping systems are highly robust yet adaptable, providing the temporal coordination of rhythms in behavior and physiological processes in accordance with the demands imposed by environmental cycles. These features of the central pacemaker are achieved by a multi-oscillator network in which individual cellular oscillators are tightly coupled to the environmental day-night cycle, and to one another via intercellular coupling. In this review, we will summarize the roles of various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the regulation of circadian entrainment and synchrony within the mammalian and Drosophila central pacemakers. We will also describe the diverse functions of protein kinases in the relay of input signals to the core oscillator or the direct regulation of the molecular clock machinery.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hannou L, Roy P, Ballester Roig MN, Mongrain V. Transcriptional control of synaptic components by the clock machinery. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:241-267. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hannou
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pierre‐Gabriel Roy
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Maria Neus Ballester Roig
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yamada Y, Prosser RA. Copper in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock: A possible link between multiple circadian oscillators. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:47-70. [PMID: 30269387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is very robust, able to coordinate our daily physiological and behavioral rhythms with exquisite accuracy. Simultaneously, the SCN clock is highly sensitive to environmental timing cues such as the solar cycle. This duality of resiliency and sensitivity may be sustained in part by a complex intertwining of three cellular oscillators: transcription/translation, metabolic/redox, and membrane excitability. We suggest here that one of the links connecting these oscillators may be forged from copper (Cu). Cellular Cu levels are highly regulated in the brain and peripherally, and Cu affects cellular metabolism, redox state, cell signaling, and transcription. We have shown that both Cu chelation and application induce nighttime phase shifts of the SCN clock in vitro and that these treatments affect glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and associated signaling processes differently. More recently we found that Cu induces mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phase shifts, while the mechanisms by which Cu removal induces phase shifts remain unclear. Lastly, we have found that two Cu transporters are expressed in the SCN, and that one of these transporters (ATP7A) exhibits a day/night rhythm. Our results suggest that Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated in the SCN, and that changes in Cu levels may serve as a time cue for the circadian clock. We discuss these findings in light of the existing literature and current models of multiple coupled circadian oscillators in the SCN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Prosser
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wheaton K, Aten S, Queiroz LS, Sullivan K, Oberdick J, Hoyt KR, Obrietan K. Circadian expression and functional characterization of PEA-15 within the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:845-857. [PMID: 29383758 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The circadian timing system influences the functional properties of most, if not all, physiological processes. Central to the mammalian timing system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN functions as a 'master clock' that sets the phasing of ancillary circadian oscillator populations found throughout the body. Further, via an entraining input from the retina, the SCN ensures that the clock oscillators are synchronized to the daily light/dark cycle. A critical component of the SCN timing and entrainment systems is the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway. Here, we examined the expression and function of phosphoprotein-enriched in astrocytes (PEA-15), an ERK scaffold protein that serves as a key regulator of MAPK signaling. A combination of immunolabeling and Western blotting approaches revealed high levels of PEA-15 within the SCN. PEA-15 expression was enriched in distinct subpopulations of SCN neurons, including arginine vasopressin (AVP)-positive neurons of the SCN shell region. Further, expression profiling detected a significant circadian oscillation in PEA-15 expression within the SCN. Brief photic stimulation during the early subjective night led to a significant increase in PEA-15 phosphorylation, an event that can trigger ERK/PEA-15 dissociation. Consistent with this, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PEA-15 is directly bound to ERK in the SCN and that photic stimulation leads to their dissociation. Finally, we show that PEA-15 regulates ERK/MAPK-dependent activation of the core clock gene period1. Together, these data raise the prospect that PEA-15 functions as a key regulator of the SCN timing system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Wheaton
- Division of Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sydney Aten
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Kyle Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - John Oberdick
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kari R Hoyt
- Division of Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Karl Obrietan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vinod C, Jagota A. Daily NO rhythms in peripheral clocks in aging male Wistar rats: protective effects of exogenous melatonin. Biogerontology 2016; 17:859-871. [PMID: 27614960 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), acts as a light entrainable master clock and by generation of temporal oscillations regulates the peripheral organs acting as autonomous clocks resulting in overt behavioral and physiological rhythms. SCN also controls synthesis and release of melatonin (hormonal message for darkness) from pineal. Nitric Oxide (NO) acts as an important neurotransmitter in generating the phase shifts of circadian rhythms and participates in sleep-wake processes, maintenance of vascular tone as well as signalling and regulating inflammatory processes. Aging is associated with disruption of circadian timing system and decline in endogenous melatonin leading to several physiological disorders. Here we report the effect of aging on NO daily rhythms in various peripheral clocks such as kidney, intestine, liver, heart, lungs and testis. NO levels were measured at zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, 6, 12 and 18 in these tissues using Griess assay in male Wistar rats. Aging resulted in alteration of NO levels as well as phase of NO in both 12 and 24 months groups. Correlation analysis demonstrated loss of stoichiometric interaction between the various peripheral clocks with aging. Age induced alterations in NO daily rhythms were found to be most significant in liver and, interestingly least in lungs. Neurohormone melatonin, an endogenous synchroniser and an antiaging agent decreases with aging. We report further differential restoration with exogenous melatonin administration of age induced alterations in NO daily rhythms and mean levels in kidney, intestine and liver and the stoichiometric interactions between the various peripheral clocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ch Vinod
- Neurobiology and Molecular Chronobiology Lab, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Anita Jagota
- Neurobiology and Molecular Chronobiology Lab, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
López JM, Lozano D, Morona R, González A. Organization of the nitrergic neuronal system in the primitive bony fishes Polypterus senegalus and Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia). J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:1770-804. [PMID: 26517971 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cladistians are a group of basal actinopterygian fishes that constitute a good model for studying primitive brain features, most likely present in the ancestral bony fishes. The analysis of the nitrergic neurons (with the enzyme nitric oxide synthase; NOS) has helped in understanding important aspects of brain organization in all vertebrates studied. We investigated the nitrergic system of two cladistian species by means of specific antibodies against NOS and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, which, with the exception of the primary olfactory and terminal nerve fibers, labeled only for NADPH-d, yielded identical results. Double immunohistochemistry was conducted for simultaneous detection of NOS with tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, calbindin, calretinin, and serotonin, to establish accurately the localization of the nitrergic neurons and fibers and to assess possible interactions between these neuroactive substances. The pattern of distribution in both species showed only subtle differences in the density of labeled cells. Distinct groups of NOS-immunoreactive cells were observed in pallial and subpallial areas, paraventricular region, tuberal and retromammillary hypothalamic areas, posterior tubercle, prethalamic and thalamic areas, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, mesencephalic tegmentum, interpeduncular nucleus, superior and middle reticular nuclei, magnocellular vestibular nucleus, solitary tract nucleus, nucleus medianus magnocellularis, the spinal cord and amacrine cells in the retina. Large neurons in cranial nerve sensory ganglia were also labeled. The comparison of these results with those from other vertebrates, using a neuromeric analysis, reveals a conserved pattern of organization of the nitrergic system from this primitive fish group to amniotes, including mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zakhvataev VE. Possible scenarios of the influence of low-dose ionizing radiation on neural functioning. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:723-35. [PMID: 26526727 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Possible scenarios of the influence of ionizing radiation on neural functioning and the CNS are suggested. We argue that the radiation-induced bystander mechanisms associated with Ca(2+) flows, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and cytokines might lead to modulation of certain neuronal signaling pathways. The considered scenarios of conjugation of the bystander signaling and the neuronal signaling might result in modulation of certain synaptic receptors, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, channel conductance, synaptic signaling, different forms of neural plasticity, memory formation and storage, and learning. On this basis, corresponding new possible strategies for treating neurodegenerative deceases and mental disorders are proposed. The mechanisms considered might also be associated with neuronal survival and relevant to the treatment for brain injuries. At the same time, these mechanisms might be associated with detrimental effects and might facilitate the development of some neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Zakhvataev
- Neuroinformatics Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Biological Action of Low-Intensity Factors, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Poletini MO, Ramos BC, Moraes MN, Castrucci AML. Nonvisual Opsins and the Regulation of Peripheral Clocks by Light and Hormones. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1046-55. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maristela O. Poletini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biosciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruno C. Ramos
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biosciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biosciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana Maria L. Castrucci
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biosciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Georgiou DK, Dagnino-Acosta A, Lee CS, Griffin DM, Wang H, Lagor WR, Pautler RG, Dirksen RT, Hamilton SL. Ca2+ Binding/Permeation via Calcium Channel, CaV1.1, Regulates the Intracellular Distribution of the Fatty Acid Transport Protein, CD36, and Fatty Acid Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23751-65. [PMID: 26245899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) permeation and/or binding to the skeletal muscle L-type Ca(2+) channel (CaV1.1) facilitates activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase type II (CaMKII) and Ca(2+) store refilling to reduce muscle fatigue and atrophy (Lee, C. S., Dagnino-Acosta, A., Yarotskyy, V., Hanna, A., Lyfenko, A., Knoblauch, M., Georgiou, D. K., Poché, R. A., Swank, M. W., Long, C., Ismailov, I. I., Lanner, J., Tran, T., Dong, K., Rodney, G. G., Dickinson, M. E., Beeton, C., Zhang, P., Dirksen, R. T., and Hamilton, S. L. (2015) Skelet. Muscle 5, 4). Mice with a mutation (E1014K) in the Cacna1s (α1 subunit of CaV1.1) gene that abolishes Ca(2+) binding within the CaV1.1 pore gain more body weight and fat on a chow diet than control mice, without changes in food intake or activity, suggesting that CaV1.1-mediated CaMKII activation impacts muscle energy expenditure. We delineate a pathway (Cav1.1→ CaMKII→ NOS) in normal skeletal muscle that regulates the intracellular distribution of the fatty acid transport protein, CD36, altering fatty acid metabolism. The consequences of blocking this pathway are decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation and decreased energy expenditure. This study delineates a previously uncharacterized CaV1.1-mediated pathway that regulates energy utilization in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra K Georgiou
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Adan Dagnino-Acosta
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Chang Seok Lee
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Deric M Griffin
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Hui Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - William R Lagor
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Robia G Pautler
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Susan L Hamilton
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kon N, Sugiyama Y, Yoshitane H, Kameshita I, Fukada Y. Cell-based inhibitor screening identifies multiple protein kinases important for circadian clock oscillations. Commun Integr Biol 2015; 8:e982405. [PMID: 26478783 PMCID: PMC4594307 DOI: 10.4161/19420889.2014.982405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular oscillation of the circadian clock is based on E-box-mediated transcriptional feedback loop formed with clock genes and their encoding products, clock proteins. The clock proteins are regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. We investigated the effects of a series of kinase inhibitors on gene expression rhythms in Rat-1 fibroblasts. The period of the cellular circadian rhythm in culture was lengthened by treatment with SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), IC261 (CKI inhibitor) and Roscovitine (CDK inhibitor). On the other hand, the period was shortened by SB216763 (GSK-3 inhibitor) or KN93 (CaMKII inhibitor) treatment. Application of 20 μM KN93 completely abolished the rhythmic gene expression. The activity of CaMKII exhibited circadian variation in a phase close to the E-box-mediated transcriptional rhythms. In vitro kinase assay revealed that CaMKII directly phosphorylates N-terminal and Ser/Pro-rich domains of CLOCK, an activator of E-box-mediated transcription. These results indicate a phosphorylation-dependent tuning of the period length by a regulatory network of multiple kinases and reveal an essential role of CaMKII in the cellular oscillation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kon
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sugiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Life Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagawa University ; Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Kameshita
- Department of Life Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagawa University ; Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Iyer R, Wang TA, Gillette MU. Circadian gating of neuronal functionality: a basis for iterative metaplasticity. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:164. [PMID: 25285070 PMCID: PMC4168688 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity, the ability of the nervous system to encode experience, is a modulatory process leading to long-lasting structural and functional changes. Salient experiences induce plastic changes in neurons of the hippocampus, the basis of memory formation and recall. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central circadian (~24-h) clock, experience with light at night induces changes in neuronal state, leading to circadian plasticity. The SCN's endogenous ~24-h time-generator comprises a dynamic series of functional states, which gate plastic responses. This restricts light-induced alteration in SCN state-dynamics and outputs to the nighttime. Endogenously generated circadian oscillators coordinate the cyclic states of excitability and intracellular signaling molecules that prime SCN receptivity to plasticity signals, generating nightly windows of susceptibility. We propose that this constitutes a paradigm of ~24-h iterative metaplasticity, the repeated, patterned occurrence of susceptibility to induction of neuronal plasticity. We detail effectors permissive for the cyclic susceptibility to plasticity. We consider similarities of intracellular and membrane mechanisms underlying plasticity in SCN circadian plasticity and in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). The emerging prominence of the hippocampal circadian clock points to iterative metaplasticity in that tissue as well. Exploring these links holds great promise for understanding circadian shaping of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Iyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tongfei A Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA ; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramos BCR, Moraes MNCM, Poletini MO, Lima LHRG, Castrucci AML. From blue light to clock genes in zebrafish ZEM-2S cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106252. [PMID: 25184495 PMCID: PMC4153568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanopsin has been implicated in the mammalian photoentrainment by blue light. This photopigment, which maximally absorbs light at wavelengths between 470 and 480 nm depending on the species, is found in the retina of all classes of vertebrates so far studied. In mammals, melanopsin activation triggers a signaling pathway which resets the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Unlike mammals, Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio do not rely only on their eyes to perceive light, in fact their whole body may be capable of detecting light and entraining their circadian clock. Melanopsin, teleost multiple tissue (tmt) opsin and others such as neuropsin and va-opsin, are found in the peripheral tissues of Danio rerio, however, there are limited data concerning the photopigment/s or the signaling pathway/s directly involved in light detection. Here, we demonstrate that melanopsin is a strong candidate to mediate synchronization of zebrafish cells. The deduced amino acid sequence of melanopsin, although being a vertebrate opsin, is more similar to invertebrate than vertebrate photopigments, and melanopsin photostimulation triggers the phosphoinositide pathway through activation of a G(q/11)-type G protein. We stimulated cultured ZEM-2S cells with blue light at wavelengths consistent with melanopsin maximal absorption, and evaluated the time course expression of per1b, cry1b, per2 and cry1a. Using quantitative PCR, we showed that blue light is capable of slightly modulating per1b and cry1b genes, and drastically increasing per2 and cry1a expression. Pharmacological assays indicated that per2 and cry1a responses to blue light are evoked through the activation of the phosphoinositide pathway, which crosstalks with nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen activated protein MAP kinase (MAPK) to activate the clock genes. Our results suggest that melanopsin may be important in mediating the photoresponse in Danio rerio ZEM-2S cells, and provide new insights about the modulation of clock genes in peripheral clocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C. R. Ramos
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maristela O. Poletini
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo H. R. G. Lima
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria L. Castrucci
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kon N, Yoshikawa T, Honma S, Yamagata Y, Yoshitane H, Shimizu K, Sugiyama Y, Hara C, Kameshita I, Honma KI, Fukada Y. CaMKII is essential for the cellular clock and coupling between morning and evening behavioral rhythms. Genes Dev 2014; 28:1101-10. [PMID: 24831701 PMCID: PMC4035538 DOI: 10.1101/gad.237511.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Daily behavioral rhythms in mammals are governed by the central circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and calcium is thought to play a role in the oscillation of the SCN. Kon et al. now find that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity promotes dimerization of CLOCK and BMAL1 and is essential for the cellular oscillation and synchronization among oscillators in the SCN. Kinase-dead CaMKIIα weakened the behavioral rhythmicity and elicited decoupling between the morning and evening activity rhythms. Daily behavioral rhythms in mammals are governed by the central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The behavioral rhythms persist even in constant darkness, with a stable activity time due to coupling between two oscillators that determine the morning and evening activities. Accumulating evidence supports a prerequisite role for Ca2+ in the robust oscillation of the SCN, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity is essential for not only the cellular oscillation but also synchronization among oscillators in the SCN. A kinase-dead mutation in mouse CaMKIIα weakened the behavioral rhythmicity and elicited decoupling between the morning and evening activity rhythms, sometimes causing arrhythmicity. In the mutant SCN, the right and left nuclei showed uncoupled oscillations. Cellular and biochemical analyses revealed that Ca2+–calmodulin–CaMKII signaling contributes to activation of E-box-dependent gene expression through promoting dimerization of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1). These results demonstrate a dual role of CaMKII as a component of cell-autonomous clockwork and as a synchronizer integrating circadian behavioral activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kon
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshikawa
- Department of Chronomedicine, Center for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Center for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamagata
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sugiyama
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hara
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Isamu Kameshita
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Center for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baidanoff FM, Plano SA, Doctorovich F, Suárez SA, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ. N-nitrosomelatonin enhances photic synchronization of mammalian circadian rhythms. J Neurochem 2013; 129:60-71. [PMID: 24261470 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most physiological processes in mammals are synchronized to the daily light:dark cycle by a circadian clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. Signal transduction of light-induced phase advances of the clock is mediated through a neuronal nitric oxide synthase-guanilyl cyclase pathway. We have employed a novel nitric oxide-donor, N-nitrosomelatonin, to enhance the photic synchronization of circadian rhythms in hamsters. The intraperitoneal administration of this drug before a sub-saturating light pulse at circadian time 18 generated a twofold increase of locomotor rhythm phase-advances, having no effect over saturating light pulses. This potentiation was also obtained even when inhibiting suprachiasmatic nitric oxide synthase activity. However, N-nitrosomelatonin had no effect on light-induced phase delays at circadian time 14. The photic-enhancing effects were correlated with an increased suprachiasmatic immunoreactivity of FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene and period1. Moreover, in vivo nitric oxide release by N-nitrosomelatonin was verified by measuring nitrate and nitrite levels in suprachiasmatic nuclei homogenates. The compound also accelerated resynchronization to an abrupt 6-h advance in the light:dark cycle (but not resynchronization to a 6-h delay). Here, we demonstrate the chronobiotic properties of N-nitrosomelatonin, emphasizing the importance of nitric oxide-mediated transduction for circadian phase advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Baidanoff
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tovin A, Alon S, Ben-Moshe Z, Mracek P, Vatine G, Foulkes NS, Jacob-Hirsch J, Rechavi G, Toyama R, Coon SL, Klein DC, Eisenberg E, Gothilf Y. Systematic identification of rhythmic genes reveals camk1gb as a new element in the circadian clockwork. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003116. [PMID: 23284293 PMCID: PMC3527293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes are known to have daily rhythms driven by an endogenous circadian clock. While extensive research has greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that constitute the circadian clock, the links between this clock and dependent processes have remained elusive. To address this gap in our knowledge, we have used RNA sequencing (RNA–seq) and DNA microarrays to systematically identify clock-controlled genes in the zebrafish pineal gland. In addition to a comprehensive view of the expression pattern of known clock components within this master clock tissue, this approach has revealed novel potential elements of the circadian timing system. We have implicated one rhythmically expressed gene, camk1gb, in connecting the clock with downstream physiology of the pineal gland. Remarkably, knockdown of camk1gb disrupts locomotor activity in the whole larva, even though it is predominantly expressed within the pineal gland. Therefore, it appears that camk1gb plays a role in linking the pineal master clock with the periphery. The circadian clock is a molecular pacemaker that drives rhythmic expression of genes with a ∼24-hour period. As a result, many physiological processes have daily rhythms. Many of the conserved elements that constitute the circadian clock are known, but the links between the clock and dependent processes have remained elusive. With its amenability to genetic manipulations and a variety of genetic tools, the zebrafish has become an attractive vertebrate model for the quest to identify and characterize novel clock components. Here, we take advantage of another attraction of the zebrafish, the fact that its pineal gland is the site of a central clock which directly receives light input and autonomously generates circadian rhythms that affect the physiology of the whole organism. We show that the systematic design and analysis of genome-wide experiments based on the zebrafish pineal gland can lead to the discovery of new clock elements. We have characterized one novel element, camk1gb, and show that this gene, predominantly expressed within the pineal gland and driven by the circadian clock, links circadian clock timing with locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Tovin
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Alon
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Ben-Moshe
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Philipp Mracek
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein, Germany
| | - Gad Vatine
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicholas S. Foulkes
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein, Germany
| | - Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reiko Toyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Coon
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David C. Klein
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eli Eisenberg
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (YG); (EE)
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (YG); (EE)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Plano SA, Agostino PV, de la Iglesia HO, Golombek DA. cGMP-phosphodiesterase inhibition enhances photic responses and synchronization of the biological circadian clock in rodents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37121. [PMID: 22590651 PMCID: PMC3349644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The master circadian clock in mammals is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and is synchronized by several environmental stimuli, mainly the light-dark (LD) cycle. Light pulses in the late subjective night induce phase advances in locomotor circadian rhythms and the expression of clock genes (such as Per1-2). The mechanism responsible for light-induced phase advances involves the activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC), cGMP and its related protein kinase (PKG). Pharmacological manipulation of cGMP by phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition (e.g., sildenafil) increases low-intensity light-induced circadian responses, which could reflect the ability of the cGMP-dependent pathway to directly affect the photic sensitivity of the master circadian clock within the SCN. Indeed, sildenafil is also able to increase the phase-shifting effect of saturating (1200 lux) light pulses leading to phase advances of about 9 hours, as well as in C57 a mouse strain that shows reduced phase advances. In addition, sildenafil was effective in both male and female hamsters, as well as after oral administration. Other PDE inhibitors (such as vardenafil and tadalafil) also increased light-induced phase advances of locomotor activity rhythms and accelerated reentrainment after a phase advance in the LD cycle. Pharmacological inhibition of the main downstream target of cGMP, PKG, blocked light-induced expression of Per1. Our results indicate that the cGMP-dependent pathway can directly modulate the light-induced expression of clock-genes within the SCN and the magnitude of light-induced phase advances of overt rhythms, and provide promising tools to design treatments for human circadian disruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A. Plano
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V. Agostino
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Diego A. Golombek
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gerstner JR. On the evolution of memory: a time for clocks. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:23. [PMID: 22403527 PMCID: PMC3289401 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily, what was the earliest engram? Biology has evolved to encode representations of past events, and in neuroscience, we are attempting to link experience-dependent changes in molecular signaling with cellular processes that ultimately lead to behavioral output. The theory of evolution has guided biological research for decades, and since phylogenetically conserved mechanisms drive circadian rhythms, these processes may serve as common predecessors underlying more complex behavioral phenotypes. For example, the cAMP/MAPK/CREB cascade is interwoven with the clock to trigger circadian output, and is also known to affect memory formation. Time-of-day dependent changes have been observed in long-term potentiation (LTP) within the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hippocampus, along with light-induced circadian phase resetting and fear conditioning behaviors. Together this suggests during evolution, similar processes underlying metaplasticity in more simple circuits may have been redeployed in higher-order brain regions. Therefore, this notion predicts a model that LTP and metaplasticity may exist in neural circuits of other species, through phylogenetically conserved pathways, leading to several testable hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Gerstner
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Abstract
Mammalian circadian rhythms are controlled by endogenous biological oscillators, including a master clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Since the period of this oscillation is of approximately 24 h, to keep synchrony with the environment, circadian rhythms need to be entrained daily by means of Zeitgeber ("time giver") signals, such as the light-dark cycle. Recent advances in the neurophysiology and molecular biology of circadian rhythmicity allow a better understanding of synchronization. In this review we cover several aspects of the mechanisms for photic entrainment of mammalian circadian rhythms, including retinal sensitivity to light by means of novel photopigments as well as circadian variations in the retina that contribute to the regulation of retinal physiology. Downstream from the retina, we examine retinohypothalamic communication through neurotransmitter (glutamate, aspartate, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) interaction with SCN receptors and the resulting signal transduction pathways in suprachiasmatic neurons, as well as putative neuron-glia interactions. Finally, we describe and analyze clock gene expression and its importance in entrainment mechanisms, as well as circadian disorders or retinal diseases related to entrainment deficits, including experimental and clinical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Golombek
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Quilmes, Argentina.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carrillo M, Ricci LA, Schwartzer JJ, Melloni RH. Immunohistochemical characterization of 5-HT3A receptors in the Syrian hamster forebrain. Brain Res 2010; 1329:67-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
33
|
Circadian and pharmacological regulation of casein kinase I in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Genet 2008; 87:467-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-008-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Activation of hippocampal nitric oxide and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in response to Morris water maze learning in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 92:260-6. [PMID: 19135080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the interactive roles of nitric oxide (NO) and CaM-kinase II (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in Morris water maze learning. In Experiment I, experimental rats received 5 days of training on a Morris water maze, where the controls were trained in the water maze with no spatial cue condition or were trained via a visually guided landmark condition. The experimental rats showed improvement in their rate of spatial learning in the water maze. The escape latencies were significantly correlated with the Ca2+-independent activity of the hippocampal CaM-kinase II. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the endogenous phosphorylation of neuronal NOS and CaM-kinase II in the experimental group when compared to the controls. The intra-hippocampal infusion of 7-NI, KN-93, or AP5 did disrupt water maze learning. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that these drugs significantly depressed phosphorylation of hippocampal NOS. The Ca2+-independent activity of hippocampal CaM-kinase II was significantly lower in the KN-93 or the AP5 infused group when compared to the controls. Although these depressed activities were not reversed by the infusion of NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP), the rats' water maze learning behavior were ameliorated significantly. These results, taken together, indicate that the NOS activation is essential for water maze learning, which may be triggered via the CaM-kinase II activation in hippocampus.
Collapse
|
35
|
Katz ME, Simonetta SH, Ralph MR, Golombek DA. Immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitors phase shift circadian rhythms and inhibit circadian responses to light. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 90:763-8. [PMID: 18590756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PP2B is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that is ubiquitously expressed in mammals. Among other actions, it is an effector mechanism in NMDA-mediated glutamate neurotransmission as well as a regulator of GSK3beta and MAPK signaling cascades. Because all of these mechanisms have demonstrable roles in the control of circadian rhythyms, we hypothesized that PP2B would be a key regulator of rhythm generation and entrainment, and that through inhibition of its phosphatase activity, the circadian system would be affected by immunosuppressant drug therapy. We report here that immunosuppressant drugs (cyclosporin A, FK506) (1) block the circadian responses to light that underlie photic entrainment; (2) produce circadian phase shifts with a characteristic nonphotic profile; and (3) disrupt circadian rhythm expression when applied chronically. These results indicate a role for PP2B in circadian rhythm generation and entrainment. In addition, because rhythm disturbance has been implicated in impairment of both physical and mental health, we suggest that the use of immunosuppressants would be safer and more efficacious if their impacts on circadian rhythmicity were taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo E Katz
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fleming I. Biology of Nitric Oxide Synthases. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
37
|
Plano SA, Agostino PV, Golombek DA. Extracellular nitric oxide signaling in the hamster biological clock. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5500-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
Lee B, Almad A, Butcher GQ, Obrietan K. Protein kinase C modulates the phase-delaying effects of light in the mammalian circadian clock. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:451-62. [PMID: 17650117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) drives a vast array of biochemical and physiological processes with 24-h periodicity. The phasing of SCN pacemaker activity is tightly regulated by photic input from the retina. Recent work has implicated protein kinase C (PKC) as a regulator of photic input, although stimulus-induced PKC activity has not been examined. Here we used a combination of biochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioral techniques to examine both the regulation and role of PKC in light-induced clock entrainment in mice. We report that photic stimulation during the subjective night, but not during the subjective day, stimulates PKC activity within the SCN. To assess the role of PKC in clock entrainment, we employed an in-vivo infusion approach to deliver the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I to the SCN. The disruption of PKC activity significantly enhanced the phase-shifting effects of light, indicating that PKC functions as a negative regulator of light entrainment. Importantly, bisindolylmaleimide I infusion in the absence of light treatment did not phase shift the clock, demonstrating that transient disruption of basal PKC activity does not affect inherent pacemaker activity. The capacity of light to stimulate immediate early gene expression in the SCN was not substantively altered by PKC inhibition, suggesting that PKC does not couple light to rapid transcriptional activation. Rather, a combination of in-vivo and cell culture assays indicates that PKC functions as an inhibitor of PERIOD1 degradation. Thus, PKC may influence clock entrainment via a post-translational mechanism that influences clock protein stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mertens I, Husson SJ, Janssen T, Lindemans M, Schoofs L. PACAP and PDF signaling in the regulation of mammalian and insect circadian rhythms. Peptides 2007; 28:1775-83. [PMID: 17586087 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian clocks are inherent to all living organisms. They are needed to guarantee successful life since they regulate very important biological processes such as behavior and reproduction. Secretin-like G-protein coupled receptors are very important factors in the signal transduction pathways of circadian clocks. In this review, we will focus on the role of two secretin-like signaling pathways that play an important role in the regulation of the mammalian and the insect clock, respectively: the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and pigment dispersing factor (PDF) signaling pathways. Both pathways are most likely related although their function in the biological clock differs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Mertens
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brown TM, Piggins HD. Electrophysiology of the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 82:229-55. [PMID: 17646042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, an internal timekeeping mechanism located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) orchestrates a diverse array of neuroendocrine and physiological parameters to anticipate the cyclical environmental fluctuations that occur every solar day. Electrophysiological recording techniques have proved invaluable in shaping our understanding of how this endogenous clock becomes synchronized to salient environmental cues and appropriately coordinates the timing of a multitude of physiological rhythms in other areas of the brain and body. In this review we discuss the pioneering studies that have shaped our understanding of how this biological pacemaker functions, from input to output. Further, we highlight insights from new studies indicating that, more than just reflecting its oscillatory output, electrical activity within individual clock cells is a vital part of SCN clockwork itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Brown
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Agostino PV, Plano SA, Golombek DA. Sildenafil accelerates reentrainment of circadian rhythms after advancing light schedules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9834-9. [PMID: 17519328 PMCID: PMC1887561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703388104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and entrained by light-activated signaling pathways. In hamsters, the mechanism responsible for light-induced phase advances involves the activation of guanylyl cyclase, cGMP and its related kinase (PKG). It is not completely known whether interference with this pathway affects entrainment of the clock, including adaptation to changing light schedules. Here we report that cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 5 is present in the hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei, and administration of the inhibitor sildenafil (3.5 mg/kg, i.p.) enhances circadian responses to light and decreases the amount of time necessary for reentrainment after phase advances of the light-dark cycle. These results suggest that sildenafil may be useful for treatment of circadian adaptation to environmental changes, including transmeridian eastbound flight schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V. Agostino
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 1876 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago A. Plano
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 1876 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 1876 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tan SE. Roles of hippocampal nitric oxide and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in inhibitory avoidance learning in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2007; 18:29-38. [PMID: 17218795 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3280142636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the interactive roles of nitric oxide and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in inhibitory avoidance learning. In Experiment I, rats were trained on a one-trial step-through inhibitory avoidance learning task, whereas the controls were trained in a noncontingent stimulus-pairing condition. The experimental rats showed significantly higher retention scores than the control rats. Correspondingly, the rats in the experimental group showed significantly higher Ca2+-independent activity of the hippocampal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and a significant increase in the endogenous phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. The intrahippocampal infusion of 7-nitro-indazole, 2-[N-(2-hidroxyethyl)-N-(4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl)]-amino-N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylbenzylamine, or 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid disrupted inhibitory avoidance learning. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that these drugs significantly depressed phosphorylation of hippocampal nitric oxide synthase. The Ca2+-independent activity of hippocampal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II was significantly lower in the 2-[N-(2-hidroxyethyl)-N-(4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl)]-amino-N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylbenzylamine or the 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid-infused group compared with the controls. Although these depressed activities were not reversed by the infusion of a nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside), this did significantly improve the rats' inhibitory avoidance deficit. These results, taken together, indicate that the nitric oxide synthase activation is essential for inhibitory avoidance learning, which may be triggered via the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Eng Tan
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Song T, Sugimoto K, Ihara H, Mizutani A, Hatano N, Kume K, Kambe T, Yamaguchi F, Tokuda M, Watanabe Y. p90 RSK-1 associates with and inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Biochem J 2007; 401:391-8. [PMID: 16984226 PMCID: PMC1820814 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented that RSK1 (ribosomal S6 kinase 1), a downstream target of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), directly phosphorylates nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) on Ser847 in response to mitogens. The phosphorylation thus increases greatly following EGF (epidermal growth factor) treatment of rat pituitary tumour GH3 cells and is reduced by exposure to the MEK (MAPK/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase kinase) inhibitor PD98059. Furthermore, it is significantly enhanced by expression of wild-type RSK1 and antagonized by kinase-inactive RSK1 or specific reduction of endogenous RSK1. EGF treatment of HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells, expressing RSK1 and nNOS, led to inhibition of NOS enzyme activity, associated with an increase in phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser847, as is also the case in an in vitro assay. In addition, these phenomena were significantly blocked by treatment with the RSK inhibitor Ro31-8220. Cells expressing mutant nNOS (S847A) proved resistant to phosphorylation and decrease of NOS activity. Within minutes of adding EGF to transfected cells, RSK1 associated with nNOS and subsequently dissociated following more prolonged agonist stimulation. EGF-induced formation of the nNOS-RSK1 complex was significantly decreased by PD98059 treatment. Treatment with EGF further revealed phosphorylation of nNOS on Ser847 in rat hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule cells. This EGF-induced phosphorylation was partially blocked by PD98059 and Ro31-8220. Together, these data provide substantial evidence that RSK1 associates with and phosphorylates nNOS on Ser847 following mitogen stimulation and suggest a novel role for RSK1 in the regulation of nitric oxide function in brain.
Collapse
Key Words
- neuronal nitric oxide synthase
- phosphorylation
- pituitary tumour gh3 cell
- ribosomal s6 kinase
- aicar, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside
- ampk, amp-activated protein kinase
- bad, bcl-2/bcl-xl-antagonist, causing cell death
- cam, calmodulin
- camkii, ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii
- div, days in vitro
- dtt, dithiothreitol
- egf, epidermal growth factor
- erk, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
- gh, growth hormone
- ha, haemagglutinin
- hek-293, human embryonic kidney
- ibmx, isobutylmethylxanthine
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- mek, mapk/erk kinase
- mem, minimum essential medium
- nmda, n-methyl-d-aspartate
- nnos, neuronal nitric oxide synthase
- nos, nitric oxide synthase
- pkc, protein kinase c
- prl, prolactin
- psd, postsynaptic density
- pser, phosphoserine
- rnai, rna interference
- rsk, ribosomal s6 kinase
- sirna, small interfering rna
- wt, wild-type
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- *Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
- †Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Katsuyoshi Sugimoto
- *Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- ‡Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mizutani
- §Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- *Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kodai Kume
- *Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toshie Kambe
- ¶Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Fuminori Yamaguchi
- *Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tokuda
- *Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- *Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
- ¶Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nomura K, Takeuchi Y, Fukunaga K. MAP kinase additively activates the mouse Per1 gene promoter with CaM kinase II. Brain Res 2006; 1118:25-33. [PMID: 17020748 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIdelta (CaMKIIdelta) activates the mouse Per1 (mPer1) promoter through a 5'-GAGGGG-3' motif near exon1B. Here we use luciferase reporter gene assays to document additive activation of the mPer1 promoter by CaMKIIdelta and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Transfection of constitutively active MEKK markedly increased mPer1 promoter activity in NB2A cells. Experiments using MAPK inhibitors and dominant-negative c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) accounts for MEKK-induced mPer1 gene activation. We next defined the ERK-responsive region in the mPer1 promoter. A region from -1735 to -1721 was required for ERK-induced promoter activation. We also identified a CaMKII-responsive element near exon 1B. Although mutation of the CaMKII-responsive element has no effect on the ERK responsiveness, elimination of a GC-rich sequence downstream of the CaMKII-responsive region totally abolished ERK responsiveness. Finally, ERK-induced promoter activation was additively potentiated by co-transfection with active CaMKIIdelta. These results suggest that additive activation by ERK and CaMKII, most likely as a result of photic stimulation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, plays a critical role in activating the mPer1 gene promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Nomura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Morin LP, Allen CN. The circadian visual system, 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 51:1-60. [PMID: 16337005 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The primary mammalian circadian clock resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a recipient of dense retinohypothalamic innervation. In its most basic form, the circadian rhythm system is part of the greater visual system. A secondary component of the circadian visual system is the retinorecipient intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) which has connections to many parts of the brain, including efferents converging on targets of the SCN. The IGL also provides a major input to the SCN, with a third major SCN afferent projection arriving from the median raphe nucleus. The last decade has seen a blossoming of research into the anatomy and function of the visual, geniculohypothalamic and midbrain serotonergic systems modulating circadian rhythmicity in a variety of species. There has also been a substantial and simultaneous elaboration of knowledge about the intrinsic structure of the SCN. Many of the developments have been driven by molecular biological investigation of the circadian clock and the molecular tools are enabling novel understanding of regional function within the SCN. The present discussion is an extension of the material covered by the 1994 review, "The Circadian Visual System."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L P Morin
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Living organisms are endowed with an autonomous timekeeping program that not only maintains circadian rhythms of behaviour and physiology but is reset by cues from the external, cyclic environment. Intracellular signaling events that mediate entrainment of the mammalian circadian clock by photic (light) as well as non-photic inputs are only beginning to be elucidated. Dexras1 is a novel Ras-like G protein that modulates multiple signaling cascades. Genetic ablation of Dexras1 in mice (dexras1(-/-)) results in altered responsiveness of the master circadian clock to photic and non-photic cues. This review will attempt to provide mechanistic insights into the involvement of Dexras1 in biological timing processes based on its role as a modulator of signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University Health Network, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 2M9.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hannibal J. Roles of PACAP‐Containing Retinal Ganglion Cells in Circadian Timing. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2006; 251:1-39. [PMID: 16939776 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(06)51001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The brain's biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) generates circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior. The clock-driven rhythms need daily adjustment (entrainment) to be synchronized with the astronomical day of 24 h. The most important stimulus for entrainment of the clock is the light-dark (LD) cycle. In this review functional elements of the light entrainment pathway will be considered with special focus on the neurotransmitter pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which is found exclusively in the monosynaptic neuronal pathway mediating light information to the SCN, the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). The retinal ganglion cells of the RHT are intrinsically photosensitive due to the expression of melanopsin and seem to constitute a non-image forming photosensitive system in the mammalian eye regulating circadian timing, masking behavior, light-regulated melatonin secretion, and the pupillary light reflex. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies and studies of mice lacking PACAP and the specific PACAP receptor (PAC1) indicate that PACAP and glutamate are neurotransmitters in the RHT which in a clock and concentration-dependent manner interact during light entrainment of the clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Golombek DA, Agostino PV, Plano SA, Ferreyra GA. Signaling in the mammalian circadian clock: the NO/cGMP pathway. Neurochem Int 2004; 45:929-36. [PMID: 15312987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2004.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by a hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) clock. Light pulses synchronize body rhythms by inducing phase delays during the early night and phase advances during the late night. Phosphorylation events are known to be involved in circadian phase shifting, both for delays and advances. Pharmacological inhibition of the cGMP-dependent kinase (cGK) or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), or of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) blocks the circadian responses to light in vivo. Light pulses administered during the subjective night, but not during the day, induce rapid phosphorylation of both p-CAMKII and p-nNOS (specifically phosphorylated by CaMKII). CaMKII inhibitors block light-induced nNOS activity and phosphorylation, suggesting a direct pathway between both enzymes. Furthermore, SCN cGMP exhibits diurnal and circadian rhythms with maximal values during the day or subjective day. This variation of cGMP levels appears to be related to temporal changes in phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and not to guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity. Light pulses increase SCN cGMP levels at circadian time (CT) 18 (when light causes phase advances of rhythms) but not at CT 14 (the time for light-induced phase delays). cGK II is expressed in the hamster SCN and also exhibits circadian changes in its levels, peaking during the day. Light pulses increase cGK activity at CT 18 but not at CT 14. In addition, cGK and GC inhibition by KT-5823 and ODQ significantly attenuated light-induced phase shifts at CT 18. This inhibition did not change c-Fos expression SCN but affected the expression of the clock gene per in the SCN. These results suggest a signal transduction pathway responsible for light-induced phase advances of the circadian clock which could be summarized as follows: Glu-Ca2+-CaMKII-nNOS-GC-cGMP-cGK-->-->clock genes. This pathway offers a signaling window that allows peering into the circadian clock machinery in order to decipher its temporal cogs and wheels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Golombek
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 180, Bernal (1876), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Song T, Hatano N, Horii M, Tokumitsu H, Yamaguchi F, Tokuda M, Watanabe Y. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I inhibits neuronal nitric-oxide synthase activity through serine 741 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2004; 570:133-7. [PMID: 15251453 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) is phosphorylated and inhibited by a constitutively active form of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase I (CaM-K I1-293). Substitution of Ser741 to Ala in nNOS blocked the phosphorylation and the inhibitory effect. Mimicking phosphorylation at Ser741 by Ser to Asp mutation resulted in decreased binding of and activation by CaM, since the mutation was within the CaM-binding domain. CaM-K I1-293 gave phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser741 in transfected cells, resulting in 60-70% inhibition of nNOS activity. Wild-type CaM-K I also did phosphorylate nNOS at Ser741 in transfected cells, but either CaM-K II or CaM-K IV did not. These results raise the possibility of a novel cross-talk between nNOS and CaM-K I through the phosphorylation of Ser741 on nNOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|