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Huang KY, Upadhyay G, Ahn Y, Sakakura M, Pagan-Diaz GJ, Cho Y, Weiss AC, Huang C, Mitchell JW, Li J, Tan Y, Deng YH, Ellis-Mohr A, Dou Z, Zhang X, Kang S, Chen Q, Sweedler JV, Im SG, Bashir R, Chung HJ, Popescu G, Gillette MU, Gazzola M, Kong H. Neuronal innervation regulates the secretion of neurotrophic myokines and exosomes from skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313590121. [PMID: 38683978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313590121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Myokines and exosomes, originating from skeletal muscle, are shown to play a significant role in maintaining brain homeostasis. While exercise has been reported to promote muscle secretion, little is known about the effects of neuronal innervation and activity on the yield and molecular composition of biologically active molecules from muscle. As neuromuscular diseases and disabilities associated with denervation impact muscle metabolism, we hypothesize that neuronal innervation and firing may play a pivotal role in regulating secretion activities of skeletal muscles. We examined this hypothesis using an engineered neuromuscular tissue model consisting of skeletal muscles innervated by motor neurons. The innervated muscles displayed elevated expression of mRNAs encoding neurotrophic myokines, such as interleukin-6, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and FDNC5, as well as the mRNA of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, a key regulator of muscle metabolism. Upon glutamate stimulation, the innervated muscles secreted higher levels of irisin and exosomes containing more diverse neurotrophic microRNAs than neuron-free muscles. Consequently, biological factors secreted by innervated muscles enhanced branching, axonal transport, and, ultimately, spontaneous network activities of primary hippocampal neurons in vitro. Overall, these results reveal the importance of neuronal innervation in modulating muscle-derived factors that promote neuronal function and suggest that the engineered neuromuscular tissue model holds significant promise as a platform for producing neurotrophic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gaurav Upadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yujin Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60642
| | - Masayoshoi Sakakura
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gelson J Pagan-Diaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Younghak Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for the Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Amanda C Weiss
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jennifer W Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yanqi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yu-Heng Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Austin Ellis-Mohr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Zhi Dou
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Xiaotain Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sehong Kang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60642
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for the Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60642
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60642
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Mattia Gazzola
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60642
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Wang G, Li L, Liao X, Wang S, Mitchell J, Rabel C, Luo S, Shi J, Sorrells JE, Iyer RR, Aksamitiene E, Renteria CA, Chaney EJ, Milner DJ, Wheeler MB, Gillette MU, Schwing A, Chen J, Tu H. Supercontinuum intrinsic fluorescence imaging heralds free view of living systems. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.26.577383. [PMID: 38328159 PMCID: PMC10849662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Optimal imaging strategies remain underdeveloped to maximize information for fluorescence microscopy while minimizing the harm to fragile living systems. Taking hint from the supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser physics, we generated supercontinuum fluorescence from untreated unlabeled live samples before nonlinear photodamage onset. Our imaging achieved high-content cell phenotyping and tissue histology, identified bovine embryo polarization, quantified aging-related stress across cell types and species, demystified embryogenesis before and after implantation, sensed drug cytotoxicity in real-time, scanned brain area for targeted patching, optimized machine learning to track small moving organisms, induced two-photon phototropism of leaf chloroplasts under two-photon photosynthesis, unraveled microscopic origin of autumn colors, and interrogated intestinal microbiome. The results enable a facility-type microscope to freely explore vital molecular biology across life sciences.
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Mitchell JW, Gillette MU. Development of circadian neurovascular function and its implications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196606. [PMID: 37732312 PMCID: PMC10507717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular system forms the interface between the tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood. It plays a critical role in regulating movement of ions, small molecules, and cellular regulators into and out of brain tissue and in sustaining brain health. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the cells that form the structural and functional link between cells of the brain and the vasculature, maintains the blood-brain interface (BBI), controls cerebral blood flow, and surveils for injury. The neurovascular system is dynamic; it undergoes tight regulation of biochemical and cellular interactions to balance and support brain function. Development of an intrinsic circadian clock enables the NVU to anticipate rhythmic changes in brain activity and body physiology that occur over the day-night cycle. The development of circadian neurovascular function involves multiple cell types. We address the functional aspects of the circadian clock in the components of the NVU and their effects in regulating neurovascular physiology, including BBI permeability, cerebral blood flow, and inflammation. Disrupting the circadian clock impairs a number of physiological processes associated with the NVU, many of which are correlated with an increased risk of dysfunction and disease. Consequently, understanding the cell biology and physiology of the NVU is critical to diminishing consequences of impaired neurovascular function, including cerebral bleeding and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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4
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Millet LJ, Jain A, Gillette MU. Less Is More: Oligomer Extraction and Hydrothermal Annealing Increase PDMS Adhesion Forces for Materials Studies and for Biology-Focused Microfluidic Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:214. [PMID: 36677275 PMCID: PMC9866318 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cues in the micro-environment are key determinants in the emergence of complex cellular morphologies and functions. Primary among these is the presence of neighboring cells that form networks. For high-resolution analysis, it is crucial to develop micro-environments that permit exquisite control of network formation. This is especially true in cell science, tissue engineering, and clinical biology. We introduce a new approach for assembling polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic environments that enhances cell network formation and analyses. We report that the combined processes of PDMS solvent-extraction and hydrothermal annealing create unique conditions that produce high-strength bonds between solvent-extracted PDMS (E-PDMS) and glass-properties not associated with conventional PDMS. Extraction followed by hydrothermal annealing removes unbound oligomers, promotes polymer cross-linking, facilitates covalent bond formation with glass, and retains the highest biocompatibility. Herein, our extraction protocol accelerates oligomer removal from 5 to 2 days. Resulting microfluidic platforms are uniquely suited for cell-network studies owing to high adhesion forces, effectively corralling cellular extensions and eliminating harmful oligomers. We demonstrate the simple, simultaneous actuation of multiple microfluidic domains for invoking ATP- and glutamate-induced Ca2+ signaling in glial-cell networks. These E-PDMS modifications and flow manipulations further enable microfluidic technologies for cell-signaling and network studies as well as novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J. Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- The Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Anika Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- The Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- The Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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5
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Naseri Kouzehgarani G, Kandel ME, Sakakura M, Dupaty JS, Popescu G, Gillette MU. Circadian Volume Changes in Hippocampal Glia Studied by Label-Free Interferometric Imaging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132073. [PMID: 35805157 PMCID: PMC9265588 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex brain functions, including learning and memory, arise in part from the modulatory role of astrocytes on neuronal circuits. Functionally, the dentate gyrus (DG) exhibits differences in the acquisition of long-term potentiation (LTP) between day and night. We hypothesize that the dynamic nature of astrocyte morphology plays an important role in the functional circuitry of hippocampal learning and memory, specifically in the DG. Standard microscopy techniques, such as differential interference contrast (DIC), present insufficient contrast for detecting changes in astrocyte structure and function and are unable to inform on the intrinsic structure of the sample in a quantitative manner. Recently, gradient light interference microscopy (GLIM) has been developed to upgrade a DIC microscope with quantitative capabilities such as single-cell dry mass and volume characterization. Here, we present a methodology for combining GLIM and electrophysiology to quantify the astrocyte morphological behavior over the day-night cycle. Colocalized measurements of GLIM and fluorescence allowed us to quantify the dry masses and volumes of hundreds of astrocytes. Our results indicate that, on average, there is a 25% cell volume reduction during the nocturnal cycle. Remarkably, this cell volume change takes place at constant dry mass, which suggests that the volume regulation occurs primarily through aqueous medium exchange with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Naseri Kouzehgarani
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA;
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.K.); (M.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Mikhail E. Kandel
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.K.); (M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Masayoshi Sakakura
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.K.); (M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Joshua S. Dupaty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207, USA;
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.K.); (M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA;
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.K.); (M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Gillette MU, Mitchell JW. Electrophysiology of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Single-Unit Recording. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2482:181-189. [PMID: 35610427 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oscillatory output from the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus communicates time-of-day information to the brain and body. The SCN's intrinsic ~24-h rhythm can be measured in the neuronal firing rate both in vivo and in vitro, where it continues unperturbed. This robust reporter of endogenous physiology in the SCN brain slice can be widely used to study dynamic changes in SCN physiology, its changing sensitivity to phase-altering signals, and underlying mechanisms. To provide relevant and reproducible data, care must be taken to ensure health of the SCN brain slice. The methods detailed here have been proven to produce healthy, long-lived brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha U Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Jennifer W Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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7
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Kim BS, Kim MK, Cho Y, Hamed EE, Gillette MU, Cha H, Miljkovic N, Aakalu VK, Kang K, Son KN, Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Hu C, Popescu G, Park Y, Ballance WC, Yu S, Im SG, Lee J, Lee CH, Kong H. Electrothermal soft manipulator enabling safe transport and handling of thin cell/tissue sheets and bioelectronic devices. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabc5630. [PMID: 33067233 PMCID: PMC7567602 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
"Living" cell sheets or bioelectronic chips have great potentials to improve the quality of diagnostics and therapies. However, handling these thin and delicate materials remains a grand challenge because the external force applied for gripping and releasing can easily deform or damage the materials. This study presents a soft manipulator that can manipulate and transport cell/tissue sheets and ultrathin wearable biosensing devices seamlessly by recapitulating how a cephalopod's suction cup works. The soft manipulator consists of an ultrafast thermo-responsive, microchanneled hydrogel layer with tissue-like softness and an electric heater layer. The electric current to the manipulator drives microchannels of the gel to shrink/expand and results in a pressure change through the microchannels. The manipulator can lift/detach an object within 10 s and can be used repeatedly over 50 times. This soft manipulator would be highly useful for safe and reliable assembly and implantation of therapeutic cell/tissue sheets and biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Min Ku Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Younghak Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eman E Hamed
- Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hyeongyun Cha
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vinay K Aakalu
- Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kai Kang
- Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kyung-No Son
- Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chenfei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yeonsoo Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - William C Ballance
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Seunggun Yu
- Insulation Materials Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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8
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Lindberg PT, Mitchell JW, Burgoon PW, Beaulé C, Weihe E, Schäfer MKH, Eiden LE, Jiang SZ, Gillette MU. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide (PACAP)-Glutamate Co-transmission Drives Circadian Phase-Advancing Responses to Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell Projections by Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1281. [PMID: 31866806 PMCID: PMC6909886 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from a variety of sources indicate a role for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in light/glutamate-induced phase resetting of the circadian clock mediated by the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). Attempts to block or remove PACAP’s contribution to clock-resetting have generated phenotypes that differ in their responses to light or glutamate. For example, previous studies of circadian behaviors found that period-maintenance and early-night phase delays are intact in PACAP-null mice, yet there is a consistent deficit in behavioral phase-resetting to light stimulation in the late night. Here we report rodent stimulus–response characteristics of PACAP release from the RHT, and map these to responses of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in intact and PACAP-deficient mouse hypothalamus with regard to phase-resetting. SCN of PACAP-null mice exhibit normal circadian rhythms in neuronal activity, but are “blind” to glutamate stimulating phase-advance responses in late night, although not in early night, consistent with previously reported selective lack of late-night light behavioral responsiveness of these mice. Induction of CREB phosphorylation, a hallmark of the light/glutamate response of the SCN, also is absent in SCN-containing ex vivo slices from PACAP-deficient mouse hypothalamus. PACAP replacement to the SCN of PACAP-null mice restored wild-type phase-shifting of firing-rate patterns in response to glutamate applied to the SCN in late night. Likewise, ex vivo SCN of wild-type mice post-orbital enucleation are unresponsive to glutamate unless PACAP also is restored. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the period of efficacy of PACAP at SCN nerve terminals corresponds to waxing of PACAP mRNA expression in ipRGCs during the night, and waning during the day. These results validate the use of PACAP-deficient mice in defining the role and specificity of PACAP as a co-transmitter with glutamate in ipRGC-RHT projections to SCN in phase advancing the SCN circadian rhythm in late night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder T Lindberg
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer W Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Penny W Burgoon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Christian Beaulé
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Eberhard Weihe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Center of Mind, Brain and Behaviour, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin K-H Schäfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Center of Mind, Brain and Behaviour, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lee E Eiden
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sunny Z Jiang
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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9
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Kandel ME, Hu C, Naseri Kouzehgarani G, Min E, Sullivan KM, Kong H, Li JM, Robson DN, Gillette MU, Best-Popescu C, Popescu G. Epi-illumination gradient light interference microscopy for imaging opaque structures. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4691. [PMID: 31619681 PMCID: PMC6795907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple scattering and absorption limit the depth at which biological tissues can be imaged with light. In thick unlabeled specimens, multiple scattering randomizes the phase of the field and absorption attenuates light that travels long optical paths. These obstacles limit the performance of transmission imaging. To mitigate these challenges, we developed an epi-illumination gradient light interference microscope (epi-GLIM) as a label-free phase imaging modality applicable to bulk or opaque samples. Epi-GLIM enables studying turbid structures that are hundreds of microns thick and otherwise opaque to transmitted light. We demonstrate this approach with a variety of man-made and biological samples that are incompatible with imaging in a transmission geometry: semiconductors wafers, specimens on opaque and birefringent substrates, cells in microplates, and bulk tissues. We demonstrate that the epi-GLIM data can be used to solve the inverse scattering problem and reconstruct the tomography of single cells and model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Kandel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Chenfei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ghazal Naseri Kouzehgarani
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eunjung Min
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Car R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer M Li
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Drew N Robson
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Best-Popescu
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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10
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Ballance WC, Qin EC, Chung HJ, Gillette MU, Kong H. Reactive oxygen species-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119292. [PMID: 31279098 PMCID: PMC7081518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and disorders seriously impact memory and cognition and can become life-threatening. Current medical techniques attempt to combat these detrimental effects mainly through the administration of neuromedicine. However, drug efficacy is limited by rapid dispersal of the drugs to off-target sites while the site of administration is prone to overdose. Many neuropathological conditions are accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the inflammatory response. Accordingly, ROS-responsive drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution. To guide intelligent and comprehensive design of ROS-responsive drug delivery systems, this review article discusses the two following topics: (1) the biology of ROS in both healthy and diseased nervous systems and (2) recent developments in ROS-responsive, drug delivery system design. Overall, this review article would assist efforts to make better decisions about designing ROS-responsive, neural drug delivery systems, including the selection of ROS-responsive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Ballance
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ellen C Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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11
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Qin EC, Kandel ME, Liamas E, Shah TB, Kim C, Kaufman CD, Zhang ZJ, Popescu G, Gillette MU, Leckband DE, Kong H. Graphene oxide substrates with N-cadherin stimulates neuronal growth and intracellular transport. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:412-423. [PMID: 30951897 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular transport is fundamental for neuronal function and development and is dependent on the formation of stable actin filaments. N-cadherin, a cell-cell adhesion protein, is actively involved in neuronal growth and actin cytoskeleton organization. Various groups have explored how neurons behaved on substrates engineered to present N-cadherin; however, few efforts have been made to examine how these surfaces modulate neuronal intracellular transport. To address this issue, we assembled a substrate to which recombinant N-cadherin molecules are physiosorbed using graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). N-cadherin physisorbed on GO and rGO led to a substantial enhancement of intracellular mass transport along neurites relative to N-cadherin on glass, due to increased neuronal adhesion, neurite extensions, dendritic arborization and glial cell adhesion. This study will be broadly useful for recreating active neural tissues in vitro and for improving our understanding of the development, homeostasis, and physiology of neurons. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intracellular transport of proteins and chemical cues is extremely important for culturing neurons in vitro, as they replenish materials within and facilitate communication between neurons. Various studies have shown that intracellular transport is dependent on the formation of stable actin filaments. However, the extent to which cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion modulates intracellular transport is not heavily explored. In this study, N-cadherin was adsorbed onto graphene oxide-based substrates to understand the role of cadherin at a molecular level and the intracellular transport within cells was examined using spatial light interference microscopy. As such, the results of this study will serve to better understand and harness the role of cell-cell adhesion in neuron development and regeneration.
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12
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Naseri Kouzehgarani G, Bothwell MY, Gillette MU. Circadian rhythm of redox state regulates membrane excitability in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:34-46. [PMID: 30614107 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Behaviors, such as sleeping, foraging, and learning, are controlled by different regions of the rat brain, yet they occur rhythmically over the course of day and night. They are aligned adaptively with the day-night cycle by an endogenous circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), but local mechanisms of rhythmic control are not established. The SCN expresses a ~24-hr oscillation in reduction-oxidation that modulates its own neuronal excitability. Could circadian redox oscillations control neuronal excitability elsewhere in the brain? We focused on the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus, which is known for integrating information as memories and where clock gene expression undergoes a circadian oscillation that is in anti-phase to the SCN. Evaluating long-term imaging of endogenous redox couples and biochemical determination of glutathiolation levels, we observed oscillations with a ~24 hr period that is 180° out-of-phase to the SCN. Excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons, primary hippocampal projection neurons, also exhibits a rhythm in resting membrane potential that is circadian time-dependent and opposite from that of the SCN. The reducing reagent glutathione rapidly and reversibly depolarized the resting membrane potential of CA1 neurons; the magnitude is time-of-day-dependent and, again, opposite from the SCN. These findings extend circadian redox regulation of neuronal excitability from the SCN to the hippocampus. Insights into this system contribute to understanding hippocampal circadian processes, such as learning and memory, seizure susceptibility, and memory loss with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Naseri Kouzehgarani
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Mia Y Bothwell
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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13
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Kamm RD, Bashir R, Arora N, Dar RD, Gillette MU, Griffith LG, Kemp ML, Kinlaw K, Levin M, Martin AC, McDevitt TC, Nerem RM, Powers MJ, Saif TA, Sharpe J, Takayama S, Takeuchi S, Weiss R, Ye K, Yevick HG, Zaman MH. Perspective: The promise of multi-cellular engineered living systems. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:040901. [PMID: 31069321 PMCID: PMC6481725 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological breakthroughs in our ability to derive and differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells, organoid biology, organ-on-chip assays, and 3-D bioprinting have all contributed to a heightened interest in the design, assembly, and manufacture of living systems with a broad range of potential uses. This white paper summarizes the state of the emerging field of "multi-cellular engineered living systems," which are composed of interacting cell populations. Recent accomplishments are described, focusing on current and potential applications, as well as barriers to future advances, and the outlook for longer term benefits and potential ethical issues that need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D. Kamm
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Natasha Arora
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roy D. Dar
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA
| | | | - Linda G. Griffith
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | | | - Adam C. Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Robert M. Nerem
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Mark J. Powers
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, Maryland 21704, USA
| | - Taher A. Saif
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - James Sharpe
- EMBL Barcelona, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | | | | | - Ron Weiss
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Hannah G. Yevick
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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14
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Cangellaris OV, Corbin EA, Froeter P, Michaels JA, Li X, Gillette MU. Aligning Synthetic Hippocampal Neural Circuits via Self-Rolled-Up Silicon Nitride Microtube Arrays. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:35705-35714. [PMID: 30251826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Directing neurons to form predetermined circuits with the intention of treating neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases is a fundamental goal and current challenge in neuroengineering. Until recently, only neuronal aggregates were studied and characterized in culture, which can limit information gathered to populations of cells. In this study, we use a substrate constructed of arrays of strain-induced self-rolled-up membrane 3D architectures. This results in changes in the neuronal architecture and altered growth dynamics of neurites. Hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats were cultured at low confluency (∼250 cells mm-2) on an array of transparent rolled-up microtubes (μ-tubes; 4-5 μm diameter) of varying topographical arrangements. Neurite growth on the μ-tubes was characterized and compared to controls in order to establish a baseline for alignment imposed by the topography. Compared to control substrates, neurites are significantly more aligned toward the 0° reference on the μ-tube array. Pitch (20-60 and 100 μm) and μ-tube length (30-80 μm) of array elements were also varied to investigate their impact on neurite alignment. We found that alignment was improved by the gradient pitch arrangement and with longer μ-tubes. Application of this technology will enhance the ability to construct intentional neural circuits through array design and manipulation of individual neurons and can be adapted to address challenges in neural repair, reinnervation, and neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia V Cangellaris
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Medical Scholars Program , University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Elise A Corbin
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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15
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Neumann EK, Comi TJ, Spegazzini N, Mitchell JW, Rubakhin SS, Gillette MU, Bhargava R, Sweedler JV. Multimodal Chemical Analysis of the Brain by High Mass Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11572-11580. [PMID: 30188687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain functions through chemical interactions between many different cell types, including neurons and glia. Acquiring comprehensive information on complex, heterogeneous systems requires multiple analytical tools, each of which have unique chemical specificity and spatial resolution. Multimodal imaging generates complementary chemical information via spatially localized molecular maps, ideally from the same sample, but requires method enhancements that span from data acquisition to interpretation. We devised a protocol for performing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), followed by infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging on the same specimen. Multimodal measurements from the same tissue provide precise spatial alignment between modalities, enabling more advanced image processing such as image fusion and sharpening. Performing MSI first produces higher quality data from each technique compared to performing IR imaging before MSI. The difference is likely due to fixing the tissue section during MALDI matrix removal, thereby preventing analyte degradation occurring during IR imaging from an unfixed specimen. Leveraging the unique capabilities of each modality, we utilized pan sharpening of MS (mass spectrometry) ion images with selected bands from IR spectroscopy and midlevel data fusion. In comparison to sharpening with histological images, pan sharpening can employ a plethora of IR bands, producing sharpened MS images while retaining the fidelity of the initial ion images. Using Laplacian pyramid sharpening, we determine the localization of several lipids present within the hippocampus with high mass accuracy at 5 μm pixel widths. Further, through midlevel data fusion of the imaging data sets combined with k-means clustering, the combined data set discriminates between additional anatomical structures unrecognized by the individual imaging approaches. Significant differences between molecular ion abundances are detected between relevant structures within the hippocampus, such as the CA1 and CA3 regions. Our methodology provides high quality multiplex and multimodal chemical imaging of the same tissue sample, enabling more advanced data processing and analysis routines.
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16
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Atkins N, Ren S, Hatcher N, Burgoon PW, Mitchell JW, Sweedler JV, Gillette MU. Functional Peptidomics: Stimulus- and Time-of-Day-Specific Peptide Release in the Mammalian Circadian Clock. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2001-2008. [PMID: 29901982 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily oscillations of brain and body states are under complex temporal modulation by environmental light and the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock. To better understand mediators of differential temporal modulation, we characterize neuropeptide releasate profiles by nonselective capture of secreted neuropeptides in an optic nerve horizontal SCN brain slice model. Releasates are collected following electrophysiological stimulation of the optic nerve/retinohypothalamic tract under conditions that alter the phase of the SCN activity state. Secreted neuropeptides are identified by intact mass via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We found time-of-day-specific suites of peptides released downstream of optic nerve stimulation. Peptide release was modified differentially with respect to time-of-day by stimulus parameters and by inhibitors of glutamatergic or PACAPergic neurotransmission. The results suggest that SCN physiology is modulated by differential peptide release of both known and unexpected peptides that communicate time-of-day-specific photic signals via previously unreported neuropeptide signatures.
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17
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Abstract
Oxidation-reduction reactions are essential to life as the core mechanisms of energy transfer. A large body of evidence in recent years presents an extensive and complex network of interactions between the circadian and cellular redox systems. Recent advances show that cellular redox state undergoes a ~24-h (circadian) oscillation in most tissues and is conserved across the domains of life. In nucleated cells, the metabolic oscillation is dependent upon the circadian transcription-translation machinery and, vice versa, redox-active proteins and cofactors feed back into the molecular oscillator. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a hypothalamic region of the brain specialized for circadian timekeeping, redox oscillation was found to modulate neuronal membrane excitability. The SCN redox environment is relatively reduced in daytime when neuronal activity is highest and relatively oxidized in nighttime when activity is at its lowest. There is evidence that the redox environment directly modulates SCN K+ channels, tightly coupling metabolic rhythms to neuronal activity. Application of reducing or oxidizing agents produces rapid changes in membrane excitability in a time-of-day-dependent manner. We propose that this reciprocal interaction may not be unique to the SCN. In this review, we consider the evidence for circadian redox oscillation and its interdependencies with established circadian timekeeping mechanisms. Furthermore, we will investigate the effects of redox on ion-channel gating dynamics and membrane excitability. The susceptibility of many different ion channels to modulation by changes in the redox environment suggests that circadian redox rhythms may play a role in the regulation of all excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Y Bothwell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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18
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Seo Y, Leong J, Teo JY, Mitchell JW, Gillette MU, Han B, Lee J, Kong H. Active Antioxidizing Particles for On-Demand Pressure-Driven Molecular Release. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:35642-35650. [PMID: 28961399 PMCID: PMC7042956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to various health problems including inflammation, infection, and cancer. Abnormally high ROS levels can cause serious oxidative damage to biomolecules, cells, and tissues. A series of nano- or microsized particles has been developed to reduce the oxidative stress level by delivering antioxidant drugs. However, most systems are often plagued by slow molecular discharge, driven by diffusion. Herein, this study demonstrates the polymeric particles whose internal pressure can increase upon exposure to H2O2, one of the ROS, and in turn, discharge antioxidants actively. The on-demand pressurized particles are assembled by simultaneously encapsulating water-dispersible manganese oxide (MnO2) nanosheets and green tea derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules into a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) spherical shell. In the presence of H2O2, the MnO2 nanosheets in the PLGA particle generate oxygen gas by decomposing H2O2 and increase the internal pressure. The pressurized PLGA particles release antioxidative EGCG actively and, in turn, protect vascular and brain tissues from oxidative damage more effectively than the particles without MnO2 nanosheets. This H2O2 responsive, self-pressurizing particle system would be useful to deliver a wide array of molecular cargos in response to the oxidation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbeom Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jiayu Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jye Yng Teo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Zhang D, Lee J, Sun MB, Pei Y, Chu J, Gillette MU, Fan TM, Kilian KA. Combinatorial Discovery of Defined Substrates That Promote a Stem Cell State in Malignant Melanoma. ACS Cent Sci 2017; 3:381-393. [PMID: 28573199 PMCID: PMC5445527 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is implicated in orchestrating cancer cell transformation and metastasis. However, specific cell-ligand interactions between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix are difficult to decipher due to a dynamic and multivariate presentation of many signaling molecules. Here we report a versatile peptide microarray platform that is capable of screening for cancer cell phenotypic changes in response to ligand-receptor interactions. Using a screen of 78 peptide combinations derived from proteins present in the melanoma microenvironment, we identify a proteoglycan binding and bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) derived sequence that selectively promotes the expression of several putative melanoma initiating cell markers. We characterize signaling associated with each of these peptides in the activation of melanoma pro-tumorigenic signaling and reveal a role for proteoglycan mediated adhesion and signaling through Smad 2/3. A defined substratum that controls the state of malignant melanoma may prove useful in spatially normalizing a heterogeneous population of tumor cells for discovery of therapeutics that target a specific state and for identifying new drug targets and reagents for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, Department
of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, Department
of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael B. Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, Department
of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, Department
of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - James Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, Department
of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, Department
of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, Department
of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, Department
of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Wu Q, Chu JL, Rubakhin SS, Gillette MU, Sweedler JV. Dopamine-modified TiO 2 monolith-assisted LDI MS imaging for simultaneous localization of small metabolites and lipids in mouse brain tissue with enhanced detection selectivity and sensitivity. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3926-3938. [PMID: 28553535 PMCID: PMC5433501 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00937b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of metabolites using multiplexed mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides important chemical information for biological research. In contrast to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), TiO2-assisted laser desorption/ionization (LDI) for MSI improves detection of low molecular mass metabolites (<500 Da) by reducing matrix background. However, the low UV absorption of TiO2 nanoparticles and their ester hydrolysis catalytic activity hinder the detection of phospholipids and many low-abundance molecules. To address these challenges, we evaluated and optimized the material morphology and composition of TiO2. Dopamine (DA) was found to be an efficient ligand for TiO2, resulting in increased UV light absorption, higher surface pH, and formation of monolithic TiO2-DA structures. The sub-micron scale and higher surface pH of the TiO2 particle sizes led to improved detection of phospholipid signals. Compared to unmodified TiO2 sub-micron particles, the DA-modified TiO2 monolith led to 10- to 30-fold increases in the signal-to-noise ratios of a number of compound peaks. The TiO2-DA monolith-assisted LDI MSI approach has higher selectivity and sensitivity for Lewis basic compounds, such as fatty acids, cholesterols, ceramides, diacylglycerols, and phosphatidylethanolamine, when analyzed in positive mode, than traditional MALDI MS. Using this new method, over 100 molecules, including amino acids, alkaloids, free fatty acids, peptides, and lipids, were localized in mouse brain sections. By comparing the presence and localization of those molecules in young and old mouse brains, the approach demonstrated good performance in the determination of aging-related neurochemical changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Ave, 63-5 , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA .
- Beckman Institute , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 405 N. Mathews Ave, 63-5 , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA
| | - James L Chu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Ave, 63-5 , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA .
- Beckman Institute , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 405 N. Mathews Ave, 63-5 , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA
- Beckman Institute , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 405 N. Mathews Ave, 63-5 , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Ave, 63-5 , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA .
- Beckman Institute , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 405 N. Mathews Ave, 63-5 , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA
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21
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Ma L, Rajshekhar G, Wang R, Bhaduri B, Sridharan S, Mir M, Chakraborty A, Iyer R, Prasanth S, Millet L, Gillette MU, Popescu G. Phase correlation imaging of unlabeled cell dynamics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32702. [PMID: 27615512 PMCID: PMC5018886 DOI: 10.1038/srep32702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present phase correlation imaging (PCI) as a novel approach to study cell dynamics in a spatially-resolved manner. PCI relies on quantitative phase imaging time-lapse data and, as such, functions in label-free mode, without the limitations associated with exogenous markers. The correlation time map outputted in PCI informs on the dynamics of the intracellular mass transport. Specifically, we show that PCI can extract quantitatively the diffusion coefficient map associated with live cells, as well as standard Brownian particles. Due to its high sensitivity to mass transport, PCI can be applied to studying the integrity of actin polymerization dynamics. Our results indicate that the cyto-D treatment blocking the actin polymerization has a dominant effect at the large spatial scales, in the region surrounding the cell. We found that PCI can distinguish between senescent and quiescent cells, which is extremely difficult without using specific markers currently. We anticipate that PCI will be used alongside established, fluorescence-based techniques to enable valuable new studies of cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ma
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Institute of Information Optics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Gannavarpu Rajshekhar
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ru Wang
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Basanta Bhaduri
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Shamira Sridharan
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Mustafa Mir
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Arindam Chakraborty
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Rajashekar Iyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Supriya Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Larry Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Biological and Nanoscale Systems Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Lee MK, Rich MH, Shkumatov A, Jeong JH, Boppart MD, Bashir R, Gillette MU, Lee J, Kong H. Glacier moraine formation-mimicking colloidal particle assembly in microchanneled, bioactive hydrogel for guided vascular network construction. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:195-201. [PMID: 24898521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that a new method to align microparticles releasing bioactive molecules in microchannels of a hydrogel allows the guiding of growth direction and spacing of vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Institute of Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Max H. Rich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Institute of Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Artem Shkumatov
- Department of Pathobiology; University at Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jae Hyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Korea
| | - Marni D. Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Neuroscience Program; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 USA
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Institute of Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Lee MK, Rich MH, Shkumatov A, Jeong JH, Boppart MD, Bashir R, Gillette MU, Lee J, Kong H. Hydrogels: Glacier Moraine Formation-Mimicking Colloidal Particle Assembly in Microchanneled, Bioactive Hydrogel for Guided Vascular Network Construction (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2/2015). Adv Healthc Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201570008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Institute of Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Max H. Rich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Institute of Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Artem Shkumatov
- Department of Pathobiology; University at Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jae Hyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Korea
| | - Marni D. Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Neuroscience Program; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 USA
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Institute of Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Froeter P, Huang Y, Cangellaris OV, Huang W, Dent EW, Gillette MU, Williams JC, Li X. Toward intelligent synthetic neural circuits: directing and accelerating neuron cell growth by self-rolled-up silicon nitride microtube array. ACS Nano 2014; 8:11108-17. [PMID: 25329686 PMCID: PMC4246008 DOI: 10.1021/nn504876y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In neural interface platforms, cultures are often carried out on a flat, open, rigid, and opaque substrate, posing challenges to reflecting the native microenvironment of the brain and precise engagement with neurons. Here we present a neuron cell culturing platform that consists of arrays of ordered microtubes (2.7-4.4 μm in diameter), formed by strain-induced self-rolled-up nanomembrane (s-RUM) technology using ultrathin (<40 nm) silicon nitride (SiNx) film on transparent substrates. These microtubes demonstrated robust physical confinement and unprecedented guidance effect toward outgrowth of primary cortical neurons, with a coaxially confined configuration resembling that of myelin sheaths. The dynamic neural growth inside the microtube, evaluated with continuous live-cell imaging, showed a marked increase (20×) of the growth rate inside the microtube compared to regions outside the microtubes. We attribute the dramatic accelerating effect and precise guiding of the microtube array to three-dimensional (3D) adhesion and electrostatic interaction with the SiNx microtubes, respectively. This work has clear implications toward building intelligent synthetic neural circuits by arranging the size, site, and patterns of the microtube array, for potential treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Froeter
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Olivia V. Cangellaris
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Erik W. Dent
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Justin C. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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Iyer R, Wang TA, Gillette MU. Circadian gating of neuronal functionality: a basis for iterative metaplasticity. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:164. [PMID: 25285070 PMCID: PMC4168688 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity, the ability of the nervous system to encode experience, is a modulatory process leading to long-lasting structural and functional changes. Salient experiences induce plastic changes in neurons of the hippocampus, the basis of memory formation and recall. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central circadian (~24-h) clock, experience with light at night induces changes in neuronal state, leading to circadian plasticity. The SCN's endogenous ~24-h time-generator comprises a dynamic series of functional states, which gate plastic responses. This restricts light-induced alteration in SCN state-dynamics and outputs to the nighttime. Endogenously generated circadian oscillators coordinate the cyclic states of excitability and intracellular signaling molecules that prime SCN receptivity to plasticity signals, generating nightly windows of susceptibility. We propose that this constitutes a paradigm of ~24-h iterative metaplasticity, the repeated, patterned occurrence of susceptibility to induction of neuronal plasticity. We detail effectors permissive for the cyclic susceptibility to plasticity. We consider similarities of intracellular and membrane mechanisms underlying plasticity in SCN circadian plasticity and in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). The emerging prominence of the hippocampal circadian clock points to iterative metaplasticity in that tissue as well. Exploring these links holds great promise for understanding circadian shaping of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Iyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tongfei A Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA ; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Functional states of organisms vary rhythmically with a period of about a day (i.e., circadian). This endogenous dynamic is shaped by day-night alternations in light and energy. Mammalian circadian rhythms are orchestrated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a brain region specialized for timekeeping. These autonomous ~24-h oscillations are cell-based, requiring transcription-translation-based regulation. SCN circadian oscillations include the maintenance of intrinsic rhythms, sensitivities to input signals, and generation of output signals. These change predictably as time proceeds from dawn to day, dusk, and through the night. SCN neuronal excitability, a highly energy-demanding process, also oscillates over ~24 h. The nature of the relationship of cellular metabolism and excitability had been unknown. RECENT ADVANCES Global SCN redox state was found to undergo an autonomous circadian rhythm. Redox state is relatively reduced in daytime, when neuronal activity is high, and oxidized during nighttime, when neurons are relatively inactive. Redox modulates neuronal excitability via tight coupling: imposed reducing or oxidizing shifts immediately alter membrane excitability. Whereas an intact transcription-translation oscillator is necessary for the redox oscillation, metabolic modulation of excitability is too rapid to be under clockwork control. CRITICAL ISSUES Our observations lead to the hypothesis that redox state and neuronal activity are coupled nontranscriptional circadian oscillators in SCN neurons. Critical issues include discovering molecular and cellular substrates and functional consequences of this redox oscillator. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding interdependencies between cellular energy metabolism, neuronal activity, and circadian rhythms is critical to developing therapeutic strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases and brain metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Tongfei A. Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Southey BR, Lee JE, Zamdborg L, Atkins N, Mitchell JW, Li M, Gillette MU, Kelleher NL, Sweedler JV. Comparing label-free quantitative peptidomics approaches to characterize diurnal variation of peptides in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Anal Chem 2013; 86:443-52. [PMID: 24313826 PMCID: PMC3886391 DOI: 10.1021/ac4023378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mammalian
circadian rhythm is maintained by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
via an intricate set of neuropeptides and other signaling molecules.
In this work, peptidomic analyses from two times of day were examined
to characterize variation in SCN peptides using three different label-free
quantitation approaches: spectral count, spectra index and SIEVE.
Of the 448 identified peptides, 207 peptides were analyzed by two
label-free methods, spectral count and spectral index. There were
24 peptides with significant (adjusted p-value <
0.01) differential peptide abundances between daytime and nighttime,
including multiple peptides derived from secretogranin II, cocaine
and amphetamine regulated transcript, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin
type 1 inhibitor. Interestingly, more peptides were analyzable and
had significantly different abundances between the two time points
using the spectral count and spectral index methods than with a prior
analysis using the SIEVE method with the same data. The results of
this study reveal the importance of using the appropriate data analysis
approaches for label-free relative quantitation of peptides. The detection
of significant changes in so rich a set of neuropeptides reflects
the dynamic nature of the SCN and the number of influences such as
feeding behavior on circadian rhythm. Using spectral count and spectral
index, peptide level changes are correlated to time of day, suggesting
their key role in circadian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic Biology, ∥Neuroscience Program, ⊥Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and ¶Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Abbott SM, Arnold JM, Chang Q, Miao H, Ota N, Cecala C, Gold PE, Sweedler JV, Gillette MU. Signals from the brainstem sleep/wake centers regulate behavioral timing via the circadian clock. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70481. [PMID: 23950941 PMCID: PMC3741311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake cycling is controlled by the complex interplay between two brain systems, one which controls vigilance state, regulating the transition between sleep and wake, and the other circadian, which communicates time-of-day. Together, they align sleep appropriately with energetic need and the day-night cycle. Neural circuits connect brain stem sites that regulate vigilance state with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock, but the function of these connections has been unknown. Coupling discrete stimulation of pontine nuclei controlling vigilance state with analytical chemical measurements of intra-SCN microdialysates in mouse, we found significant neurotransmitter release at the SCN and, concomitantly, resetting of behavioral circadian rhythms. Depending upon stimulus conditions and time-of-day, SCN acetylcholine and/or glutamate levels were augmented and generated shifts of behavioral rhythms. These results establish modes of neurochemical communication from brain regions controlling vigilance state to the central circadian clock, with behavioral consequences. They suggest a basis for dynamic integration across brain systems that regulate vigilance states, and a potential vulnerability to altered communication in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabra M. Abbott
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- College of Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Arnold
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- College of Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qing Chang
- Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hai Miao
- Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nobutoshi Ota
- Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christine Cecala
- Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Gold
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- College of Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- College of Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee JE, Zamdborg L, Southey BR, Atkins N, Mitchell JW, Li M, Gillette MU, Kelleher NL, Sweedler JV. Quantitative peptidomics for discovery of circadian-related peptides from the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:585-93. [PMID: 23256577 DOI: 10.1021/pr300605p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In mammals the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock, is sensitive to light input via the optic chiasm and synchronizes many daily biological rhythms. Here we explore variations in the expression levels of neuropeptides present in the SCN of rats using a label-free quantification approach that is based on integrating peak intensities between daytime, Zeitgeber time (ZT) 6, and nighttime, ZT 18. From nine analyses comparing the levels between these two time points, 10 endogenous peptides derived from eight prohormones exhibited significant differences in their expression levels (adjusted p-value <0.05). Of these, seven peptides derived from six prohormones, including GRP, PACAP, and CART, exhibited ≥ 30% increases at ZT 18, and the VGRPEWWMDYQ peptide derived from proenkephalin A showed a >50% increase at nighttime. Several endogenous peptides showing statistically significant changes in this study have not been previously reported to alter their levels as a function of time of day, nor have they been implicated in prior functional SCN studies. This information on peptide expression changes serves as a resource for discovering unknown peptide regulators that affect circadian rhythms in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Millet LJ, Gillette MU. Over a century of neuron culture: from the hanging drop to microfluidic devices. Yale J Biol Med 2012; 85:501-21. [PMID: 23239951 PMCID: PMC3516892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the most intricate, energetically active, and plastic organ in the body. These features extend to its cellular elements, the neurons and glia. Understanding neurons, or nerve cells, at the cellular and molecular levels is the cornerstone of modern neuroscience. The complexities of neuron structure and function require unusual methods of culture to determine how aberrations in or between cells give rise to brain dysfunction and disease. Here we review the methods that have emerged over the past century for culturing neurons in vitro, from the landmark finding by Harrison (1910) - that neurons can be cultured outside the body - to studies utilizing culture vessels, micro-islands, Campenot and brain slice chambers, and microfluidic technologies. We conclude with future prospects for neuronal culture and considerations for advancement. We anticipate that continued innovation in culture methods will enhance design capabilities for temporal control of media and reagents (chemotemporal control) within sub-cellular environments of three-dimensional fluidic spaces (microfluidic devices) and materials (e.g., hydrogels). They will enable new insights into the complexities of neuronal development and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- To whom all correspondence should be
addressed: Martha U. Gillette, Cell and Developmental Biology, B107 CLSL,
MC-123, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801; Tel: 217-244-1355; Fax:
217- 244-1648;
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Millet LJ, Gillette MU. New perspectives on neuronal development via microfluidic environments. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:752-61. [PMID: 23031246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the signals that guide neuronal development and direct formation of axons, dendrites, and synapses during wiring of the brain is a fundamental challenge in developmental neuroscience. Discovery of how local signals shape developing neurons has been impeded by the inability of conventional culture methods to interrogate microenvironments of complex neuronal cytoarchitectures, where different subdomains encounter distinct chemical, physical, and fluidic features. Microfabrication techniques are facilitating the creation of microenvironments tailored to neuronal structures and subdomains with unprecedented access and control. The design, fabrication, and properties of microfluidic devices offer significant advantages for addressing unresolved issues of neuronal development. These high-resolution approaches are poised to contribute new insights into mechanisms for restoring neuronal function and connectivity compromised by injury, stress, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Wang TA, Yu YV, Govindaiah G, Ye X, Artinian L, Coleman TP, Sweedler JV, Cox CL, Gillette MU. Circadian rhythm of redox state regulates excitability in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. Science 2012; 337:839-42. [PMID: 22859819 PMCID: PMC3490628 DOI: 10.1126/science.1222826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms of mammalian physiology, metabolism, and behavior parallel the day-night cycle. They are orchestrated by a central circadian clock in the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Transcription of clock genes is sensitive to metabolic changes in reduction and oxidation (redox); however, circadian cycles in protein oxidation have been reported in anucleate cells, where no transcription occurs. We investigated whether the SCN also expresses redox cycles and how such metabolic oscillations might affect neuronal physiology. We detected self-sustained circadian rhythms of SCN redox state that required the molecular clockwork. The redox oscillation could determine the excitability of SCN neurons through nontranscriptional modulation of multiple potassium (K(+)) channels. Thus, dynamic regulation of SCN excitability appears to be closely tied to metabolism that engages the clockwork machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei A. Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yanxun V. Yu
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gubbi Govindaiah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Liana Artinian
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Todd P. Coleman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Charles L. Cox
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Yin P, Knolhoff AM, Rosenberg HJ, Millet LJ, Gillette MU, Sweedler JV. Peptidomic analyses of mouse astrocytic cell lines and rat primary cultured astrocytes. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3965-73. [PMID: 22742998 DOI: 10.1021/pr201066t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play an active role in the modulation of synaptic transmission by releasing cell-cell signaling molecules in response to various stimuli that evoke a Ca2+ increase. We expand on recent studies of astrocyte intracellular and secreted proteins by examining the astrocyte peptidome in mouse astrocytic cell lines and rat primary cultured astrocytes, as well as those peptides secreted from mouse astrocytic cell lines in response to Ca2+-dependent stimulations. We identified 57 peptides derived from 24 proteins with LC-MS/MS and CE-MS/MS in the astrocytes. Among the secreted peptides, four peptides derived from elongation factor 1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, peroxiredoxin-5, and galectin-1 were putatively identified by mass-matching to peptides confirmed to be found in astrocytes. Other peptides in the secretion study were mass-matched to those found in prior peptidomics analyses on mouse brain tissue. Complex peptide profiles were observed after stimulation, suggesting that astrocytes are actively involved in peptide secretion. Twenty-six peptides were observed in multiple stimulation experiments but not in controls and thus appear to be released in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These results can be used in future investigations to better understand stimulus-dependent mechanisms of astrocyte peptide secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Cecala C, Rubakhin SS, Mitchell JW, Gillette MU, Sweedler JV. A hyphenated optical trap capillary electrophoresis laser induced native fluorescence system for single-cell chemical analysis. Analyst 2012; 137:2965-72. [PMID: 22543409 PMCID: PMC3558031 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell measurements allow a unique glimpse into cell-to-cell heterogeneity; even small changes in selected cells can have a profound impact on an organism's physiology. Here an integrated approach to single-cell chemical sampling and assay are described. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced native fluorescence (LINF) has the sensitivity to characterize natively fluorescent indoles and catechols within individual cells. While the separation and detection approaches are well established, the sampling and injection of individually selected cells requires new approaches. We describe an optimized system that interfaces a single-beam optical trap with CE and multichannel LINF detection. A cell is localized within the trap and then the capillary inlet is positioned near the cell using a computer-controlled micromanipulator. Hydrodynamic injection allows cell lysis to occur within the capillary inlet, followed by the CE separation and LINF detection. The use of multiple emission wavelengths allows improved analyte identification based on differences in analyte fluorescence emission profiles and migration time. The system enables injections of individual rat pinealocytes and quantification of their endogenous indoles, including serotonin, N-acetyl-serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, tryptophol and others. The amounts detected in individual cells incubated in 5-hydroxytryptophan ranged from 10(-14) mol to 10(-16) mol, an order of magnitude higher than observed in untreated pinealocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cecala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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Murphy D, Konopacka A, Hindmarch C, Paton JFR, Sweedler JV, Gillette MU, Ueta Y, Grinevich V, Lozic M, Japundzic-Zigon N. The hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system: from genome to physiology. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:539-53. [PMID: 22448850 PMCID: PMC3315060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of the genomes of a large number of mammalian species has produced a huge amount of data on which to base physiological studies. These endeavours have also produced surprises, not least of which has been the revelation that the number of protein coding genes needed to make a mammal is only 22 333 (give or take). However, this small number belies an unanticipated complexity that has only recently been revealed as a result of genomic studies. This complexity is evident at a number of levels: (i) cis-regulatory sequences; (ii) noncoding and antisense mRNAs, most of which have no known function; (iii) alternative splicing that results in the generation of multiple, subtly different mature mRNAs from the precursor transcript encoded by a single gene; and (iv) post-translational processing and modification. In this review, we examine the steps being taken to decipher genome complexity in the context of gene expression, regulation and function in the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system (HNS). Five unique stories explain: (i) the use of transcriptomics to identify genes involved in the response to physiological (dehydration) and pathological (hypertension) cues; (ii) the use of mass spectrometry for single-cell level identification of biological active peptides in the HNS, and to measure in vitro release; (iii) the use of transgenic lines that express fusion transgenes enabling (by cross-breeding) the generation of double transgenic lines that can be used to study vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) neurones in the HNS, as well as their neuroanatomy, electrophysiology and activation upon exposure to any given stimulus; (iv) the use of viral vectors to demonstrate that somato-dendritically released AVP plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis by binding to V1a receptors on local somata and dendrites; and (v) the use of virally-mediated optogenetics to dissect the role of OXT and AVP in the modulation of a wide variety of behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Murphy
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Wang Z, Marks DL, Carney PS, Millet LJ, Gillette MU, Mihi A, Braun PV, Shen Z, Prasanth SG, Popescu G. Spatial light interference tomography (SLIT). Opt Express 2011; 19:19907-18. [PMID: 21996999 PMCID: PMC3495874 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.019907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present spatial light interference tomography (SLIT), a label-free method for 3D imaging of transparent structures such as live cells. SLIT uses the principle of interferometric imaging with broadband fields and combines the optical gating due to the micron-scale coherence length with that of the high numerical aperture objective lens. Measuring the phase shift map associated with the object as it is translated through focus provides full information about the 3D distribution associated with the refractive index. Using a reconstruction algorithm based on the Born approximation, we show that the sample structure may be recovered via a 3D, complex field deconvolution. We illustrate the method with reconstructed tomographic refractive index distributions of microspheres, photonic crystals, and unstained living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - Daniel L. Marks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - Paul Scott Carney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - Larry J. Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Agustin Mihi
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Paul V. Braun
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Supriya G. Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
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Abstract
We used quantitative phase imaging to measure the dispersion relation, i.e. decay rate vs. spatial mode, associated with mass transport in live cells. This approach applies equally well to both discrete and continuous mass distributions without the need for particle tracking. From the quadratic experimental curve specific to diffusion, we extracted the diffusion coefficient as the only fitting parameter. The linear portion of the dispersion relation reveals the deterministic component of the intracellular transport. Our data show a universal behavior where the intracellular transport is diffusive at small scales and deterministic at large scales. Measurements by our method and particle tracking show that, on average, the mass transport in the nucleus is slower than in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Larry Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - A. J. Levine
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
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Wang R, Wang Z, Leigh J, Sobh N, Millet L, Gillette MU, Levine AJ, Popescu G. One-dimensional deterministic transport in neurons measured by dispersion-relation phase spectroscopy. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:374107. [PMID: 21862838 PMCID: PMC3195397 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/37/374107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the active transport of intracellular components along neuron processes using a new method developed in our laboratory: dispersion-relation phase spectroscopy. This method is able to quantitatively map spatially the heterogeneous dynamics of the concentration field of the cargos at submicron resolution without the need for tracking individual components. The results in terms of density correlation function reveal that the decay rate is linear in wavenumber, which is consistent with a narrow Lorentzian distribution of cargo velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Wang Z, Millet L, Chan V, Ding H, Gillette MU, Bashir R, Popescu G. Label-free intracellular transport measured by spatial light interference microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:026019. [PMID: 21361703 PMCID: PMC3071305 DOI: 10.1117/1.3549204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We show that applying the Laplace operator to a speckle-free quantitative phase image reveals an unprecedented level of detail in cell structure, without the gradient artifacts associated with differential interference contrast microscopy, or photobleaching and phototoxicity limitations common in fluorescence microscopy. This method, referred to as Laplace phase microscopy, is an efficient tool for tracking vesicles and organelles in living cells. The principle is demonstrated by tracking organelles in cardiomyocytes and vesicles in neurites of hippocampal neurons, which to our knowledge are the first label-free diffusion measurements of the organelles in such cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Wang Z, Millet L, Mir M, Ding H, Unarunotai S, Rogers J, Gillette MU, Popescu G. Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM). Opt Express 2011; 19:1016-26. [PMID: 21263640 PMCID: PMC3482902 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) as a new optical microscopy technique, capable of measuring nanoscale structures and dynamics in live cells via interferometry. SLIM combines two classic ideas in light imaging: Zernike's phase contrast microscopy, which renders high contrast intensity images of transparent specimens, and Gabor's holography, where the phase information from the object is recorded. Thus, SLIM reveals the intrinsic contrast of cell structures and, in addition, renders quantitative optical path-length maps across the sample. The resulting topographic accuracy is comparable to that of atomic force microscopy, while the acquisition speed is 1,000 times higher. We illustrate the novel insight into cell dynamics via SLIM by experiments on primary cell cultures from the rat brain. SLIM is implemented as an add-on module to an existing phase contrast microscope, which may prove instrumental in impacting the light microscopy field at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Larry Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Mustafa Mir
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Huafeng Ding
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Sakulsuk Unarunotai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - John Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
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Hanson Shepherd JN, Parker ST, Shepherd RF, Gillette MU, Lewis JA, Nuzzo RG. 3D Microperiodic Hydrogel Scaffolds for Robust Neuronal Cultures. Adv Funct Mater 2011; 21:47-54. [PMID: 21709750 PMCID: PMC3120232 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201001746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) microperiodic scaffolds of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) have been fabricated by direct-write assembly of a photopolymerizable hydrogel ink. The ink is initially composed of physically entangled pHEMA chains dissolved in a solution of HEMA monomer, comonomer, photoinitiator and water. Upon printing 3D scaffolds of varying architecture, the ink filaments are exposed to UV light, where they are transformed into an interpenetrating hydrogel network of chemically cross-linked and physically entangled pHEMA chains. These 3D microperiodic scaffolds are rendered growth compliant for primary rat hippocampal neurons by absorption of polylysine. Neuronal cells thrive on these scaffolds, forming differentiated, intricately branched networks. Confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals that both cell distribution and extent of neuronal process alignment depend upon scaffold architecture. This work provides an important step forward in the creation of suitable platforms for in vitro study of sensitive cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Hanson Shepherd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 1304 W Green St., Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sara T. Parker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 1304 W Green St., Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Robert F. Shepherd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 1304 W Green St., Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jennifer A. Lewis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 1304 W Green St., Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ralph G. Nuzzo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 1304 W Green St., Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 505 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
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Ding H, Wang Z, Nguyen FT, Boppart SA, Millet LJ, Gillette MU, Liu J, Boppart MD, Popescu G. Fourier Transform Light Scattering (FTLS) of Cells and Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1166/jctn.2010.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Govindaiah G, Wang T, Gillette MU, Crandall SR, Cox CL. Regulation of inhibitory synapses by presynaptic D₄ dopamine receptors in thalamus. J Neurophysiol 2010; 104:2757-65. [PMID: 20884758 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00361.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptors are the principal targets of drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Among the five DA receptor subtypes, the D(4) subtype is of particular interest because of the relatively high affinity of the atypical neuropleptic clozapine for D(4) compared with D(2) receptors. GABA-containing neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and globus pallidus (GP) express D(4) receptors. TRN neurons receive GABAergic afferents from globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and basal forebrain as well as neighboring TRN neuron collaterals. In addition, TRN receives dopaminergic innervations from substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc); however, the role of D(4) receptors in neuronal signaling at inhibitory synapses is unknown. Using whole cell recordings from in vitro pallido-thalamic slices, we demonstrate that DA selectively suppresses GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked by GP stimulation. The D(2)-like receptor (D(2,3,4)) agonist, quinpirole, and selective D(4) receptor agonist, PD168077, mimicked the actions of DA. The suppressive actions of DA and its agonists were associated with alterations in paired pulse ratio and a decrease in the frequency of miniature IPSCs, suggesting a presynaptic site of action. GABA(A) receptor agonist, muscimol, induced postsynaptic currents in TRN neurons were unaltered by DA or quinpirole, consistent with the presynaptic site of action. Finally, DA agonists did not alter intra-TRN inhibitory signaling. Our data demonstrate that the activation of presynaptic D(4) receptors regulates GABA release from GP efferents but not TRN collaterals. This novel and selective action of D(4) receptor activation on GP-mediated inhibition may provide insight to potential functional significance of atypical antipsychotic agents. These findings suggest a potential heightened TRN neuron activity in certain neurological conditions, such as schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gubbi Govindaiah
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Atkins N, Mitchell JW, Romanova EV, Morgan DJ, Cominski TP, Ecker JL, Pintar JE, Sweedler JV, Gillette MU. Circadian integration of glutamatergic signals by little SAAS in novel suprachiasmatic circuits. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12612. [PMID: 20830308 PMCID: PMC2935382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropeptides are critical integrative elements within the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), where they mediate both cell-to-cell synchronization and phase adjustments that cause light entrainment. Forward peptidomics identified little SAAS, derived from the proSAAS prohormone, among novel SCN peptides, but its role in the SCN is poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Little SAAS localization and co-expression with established SCN neuropeptides were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using highly specific antisera and stereological analysis. Functional context was assessed relative to c-FOS induction in light-stimulated animals and on neuronal circadian rhythms in glutamate-stimulated brain slices. We found that little SAAS-expressing neurons comprise the third most abundant neuropeptidergic class (16.4%) with unusual functional circuit contexts. Little SAAS is localized within the densely retinorecipient central SCN of both rat and mouse, but not the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). Some little SAAS colocalizes with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), known mediators of light signals, but not arginine vasopressin (AVP). Nearly 50% of little SAAS neurons express c-FOS in response to light exposure in early night. Blockade of signals that relay light information, via NMDA receptors or VIP- and GRP-cognate receptors, has no effect on phase delays of circadian rhythms induced by little SAAS. Conclusions/Significance Little SAAS relays signals downstream of light/glutamatergic signaling from eye to SCN, and independent of VIP and GRP action. These findings suggest that little SAAS forms a third SCN neuropeptidergic system, processing light information and activating phase-shifts within novel circuits of the central circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Atkins
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elena V. Romanova
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Morgan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Tara P. Cominski
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Ecker
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John E. Pintar
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ding H, Millet LJ, Gillette MU, Popescu G. Actin-driven cell dynamics probed by Fourier transform light scattering. Biomed Opt Express 2010; 1:260-267. [PMID: 21258463 PMCID: PMC3005177 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We applied the newly developed Fourier transform light scattering (FTLS) to study dynamic light scattering in single live cells, at a temporal scale of seconds to hours. The nanoscale cell fluctuations were measured with and without the active actin contribution. We found experimentally that the spatio-temporal signals rendered by FTLS reveal interesting cytoskeleton dynamics in glial cells (the predominant cell type in the nervous system). The active contribution of actin cytoskeleton was obtained by modulating its dynamic properties via Cytochalasin-D, a drug that inhibits actin polymerization/depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Ding
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Larry J. Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Millet LJ, Stewart ME, Nuzzo RG, Gillette MU. Guiding neuron development with planar surface gradients of substrate cues deposited using microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2010; 10:1525-35. [PMID: 20390196 PMCID: PMC2930779 DOI: 10.1039/c001552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wiring the nervous system relies on the interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic signaling molecules that control neurite extension, neuronal polarity, process maturation and experience-dependent refinement. Extrinsic signals establish and enrich neuron-neuron interactions during development. Understanding how such extrinsic cues direct neurons to establish neural connections in vitro will facilitate the development of organized neural networks for investigating the development and function of nervous system networks. Producing ordered networks of neurons with defined connectivity in vitro presents special technical challenges because the results must be compliant with the biological requirements of rewiring neural networks. Here we demonstrate the ability to form stable, instructive surface-bound gradients of laminin that guide postnatal hippocampal neuron development in vitro. Our work uses a three-channel, interconnected microfluidic device that permits the production of adlayers of planar substrates through the combination of laminar flow, diffusion and physisorption. Through simple flow modifications, a variety of patterns and gradients of laminin (LN) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated poly-l-lysine (FITC-PLL) were deposited to present neurons with an instructive substratum to guide neuronal development. We present three variations in substrate design that produce distinct growth regimens for postnatal neurons in dispersed cell cultures. In the first approach, diffusion-mediated gradients of LN were formed on cover slips to guide neurons toward increasing LN concentrations. In the second approach, a combined gradient of LN and FITC-PLL was produced using aspiration-driven laminar flow to restrict neuronal growth to a 15 microm wide growth zone at the center of the two superimposed gradients. The last approach demonstrates the capacity to combine binary lines of FITC-PLL in conjunction with surface gradients of LN and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to produce substrate adlayers that provide additional levels of control over growth. This work demonstrates the advantages of spatio-temporal fluid control for patterning surface-bound gradients using a simple microfluidics-based substrate deposition procedure. We anticipate that this microfluidics-based patterning approach will provide instructive patterns and surface-bound gradients to enable a new level of control in guiding neuron development and network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J. Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. ; Tel: +1-217-244-1355
| | - Matthew E. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Ralph G. Nuzzo
- Department of Chemistry and the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. ; Tel: +1-217-244-1355
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Millet LJ, Bora A, Sweedler JV, Gillette MU. Direct cellular peptidomics of supraoptic magnocellular and hippocampal neurons in low-density co-cultures. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:36-48. [PMID: 20401326 DOI: 10.1021/cn9000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and proteomic studies of brain regions of specialized function provide evidence that communication among neurons is mediated by systems of diverse chemical messengers. These analyses are largely tissue- or population-based, whereas the actual communication is from cell-to-cell. To understand the complement of intercellular signals produced by individual neurons, new methods are required. We have developed a novel neuron-to-neuron, serum-free, co-culture approach that was used to determine the higher-level cellular peptidome of individual primary mammalian neurons. We isolated magnocellular neurons from the supraoptic nucleus of early postnatal rat and maintained them in serum-free low density cultures without glial support layers; under these conditions they required low-density co-cultured neurons. Co-culturing magnocellular neurons with hippocampal neurons permitted local access to individual neurons within the culture for mass spectrometry. Using direct sampling, peptide profiles were obtained for spatially distinct, identifiable neurons within the co-culture. We repeatedly detected 10 peaks that we assign to previously characterized peptides and 17 peaks that remain unassigned. Peptides from the vasopressin prohormone and secretogranin-2 are attributed to magnocellular neurons, whereas neurokinin A, peptide J, and neurokinin B are attributed to cultured hippocampal neurons. This approach enables the elucidation of cell-specific prohormone processing and the discovery of cell-cell signaling peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J. Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Adriana Bora
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Lee JE, Atkins N, Hatcher NG, Zamdborg L, Gillette MU, Sweedler JV, Kelleher NL. Endogenous peptide discovery of the rat circadian clock: a focused study of the suprachiasmatic nucleus by ultrahigh performance tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 9:285-97. [PMID: 19955084 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900362-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how a small brain region, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), can synchronize the body's circadian rhythms is an ongoing research area. This important time-keeping system requires a complex suite of peptide hormones and transmitters that remain incompletely characterized. Here, capillary liquid chromatography and FTMS have been coupled with tailored software for the analysis of endogenous peptides present in the SCN of the rat brain. After ex vivo processing of brain slices, peptide extraction, identification, and characterization from tandem FTMS data with <5-ppm mass accuracy produced a hyperconfident list of 102 endogenous peptides, including 33 previously unidentified peptides, and 12 peptides that were post-translationally modified with amidation, phosphorylation, pyroglutamylation, or acetylation. This characterization of endogenous peptides from the SCN will aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate rhythmic behaviors in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha U Gillette
- Alumni Professor of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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