1
|
Wang R, Xiao L, Pan J, Bao G, Zhu Y, Zhu D, Wang J, Pei C, Ma Q, Fu X, Wang Z, Zhu M, Wang G, Gong L, Tong Q, Jiang M, Hu J, He M, Wang Y, Li T, Liang C, Li W, Xia C, Li Z, Ma DK, Tan M, Liu JY, Jiang W, Luo C, Yu B, Dang Y. Natural product P57 induces hypothermia through targeting pyridoxal kinase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5984. [PMID: 37752106 PMCID: PMC10522591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme environmental conditions. However, pharmacological induction of hypothermia in most mammals remains a huge challenge. Here we show that a natural product P57 promptly induces hypothermia and decreases energy expenditure in mice. Mechanistically, P57 inhibits the kinase activity of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), a key metabolic enzyme of vitamin B6 catalyzing phosphorylation of pyridoxal (PL), resulting in the accumulation of PL in hypothalamus to cause hypothermia. The hypothermia induced by P57 is significantly blunted in the mice with knockout of PDXK in the preoptic area (POA) of hypothalamus. We further found that P57 and PL have consistent effects on gene expression regulation in hypothalamus, and they may activate medial preoptic area (MPA) neurons in POA to induce hypothermia. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that P57 has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia through regulation of vitamin B6 metabolism and PDXK serves as a previously unknown target of P57 in thermoregulation. In addition, P57 may serve as a chemical probe for exploring the neuron circuitry related to hypothermia state in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Pan
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangsen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunmei Zhu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinfeng Ma
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Fu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziruoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junchi Hu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmin Liang
- Lab of Tumor Immunology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengke K Ma
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan Liu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu MH, Yang Q, Zhang YP, Wang JH, Zhang RJZ, Liu ZG, Liu XC. Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist WIN55, 212-2 Attenuates Injury in the Hippocampus of Rats after Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030525. [PMID: 36979335 PMCID: PMC10046860 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative neurological deficits remain a challenge in cardiac surgery employing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of WIN55, 212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, on brain injury in a rat model of DHCA. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (which underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) only), a DHCA group (CPB with DHCA), and a WIN group (WIN55, 212-2 pretreatment before CPB with DHCA). Histopathological changes in the brain were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Plasma levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of SOD in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Levels of apoptotic-related protein caspase-3 and type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) in the hippocampus were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS WIN55, 212-2 administration attenuated histopathological injury of the hippocampus in rats undergoing DHCA, associated with lowered levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, vs. DHCA, respectively) and an increased level of SOD (p < 0.05 vs. DHCA). WIN55, 212-2 treatment also increased the content of SOD in the hippocampus. The protein expression of caspase-3 was downregulated and the expression of CB1R was upregulated in the hippocampus by WIN55, 212-2. CONCLUSIONS the administration of WIN55, 212-2 alleviates hippocampal injury induced by DHCA in rats by regulating intrinsic inflammatory and oxidative stress responses through a CB1R-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huan Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - You-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Ren-Jian-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kurisu K, Kim JY, You J, Yenari MA. Therapeutic Hypothermia and Neuroprotection in Acute Neurological Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5430-5455. [PMID: 31057103 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190506124836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia has consistently been shown to be a robust neuroprotectant in many labs studying different models of neurological disease. Although this therapy has shown great promise, there are still challenges at the clinical level that limit the ability to apply this routinely to each pathological condition. In order to overcome issues involved in hypothermia therapy, understanding of this attractive therapy is needed. We review methodological concerns surrounding therapeutic hypothermia, introduce the current status of therapeutic cooling in various acute brain insults, and review the literature surrounding the many underlying molecular mechanisms of hypothermic neuroprotection. Because recent work has shown that body temperature can be safely lowered using pharmacological approaches, this method may be an especially attractive option for many clinical applications. Since hypothermia can affect multiple aspects of brain pathophysiology, therapeutic hypothermia could also be considered a neuroprotection model in basic research, which would be used to identify potential therapeutic targets. We discuss how research in this area carries the potential to improve outcome from various acute neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kurisu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, United States
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, United States.,Departments of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesung You
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, United States.,Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Midori A Yenari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bach A, Clausen BH, Kristensen LK, Andersen MG, Ellman DG, Hansen PB, Hasseldam H, Heitz M, Özcelik D, Tuck EJ, Kopanitsa MV, Grant SG, Lykke-Hartmann K, Johansen FF, Lambertsen KL, Strømgaard K. Selectivity, efficacy and toxicity studies of UCCB01-144, a dimeric neuroprotective PSD-95 inhibitor. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:100-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
5
|
Liu K, Khan H, Geng X, Zhang J, Ding Y. Pharmacological hypothermia: a potential for future stroke therapy? Neurol Res 2017; 38:478-90. [PMID: 27320243 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1187826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mild physical hypothermia after stroke has been associated with positive outcomes. Despite the well-studied beneficial effects of hypothermia in the treatment of stroke, lack of precise temperature control, intolerance for the patient, and immunosuppression are some of the reasons which limit its clinical translation. Pharmacologically induced hypothermia has been explored as a possible treatment option following stroke in animal models. Currently, there are eight classes of pharmacological agents/agonists with hypothermic effects affecting a multitude of systems including cannabinoid, opioid, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), neurotensin, thyroxine derivatives, dopamine, gas, and adenosine derivatives. Interestingly, drugs in the TRPV1, neurotensin, and thyroxine families have been shown to have effects in thermoregulatory control in decreasing the compensatory hypothermic response during cooling. This review will briefly present drugs in the eight classes by summarizing their proposed mechanisms of action as well as side effects. Reported thermoregulatory effects of the drugs will also be presented. This review offers the opinion that these agents may be useful in combination therapies with physical hypothermia to achieve faster and more stable temperature control in hypothermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyin Liu
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Hajra Khan
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Jun Zhang
- c China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee JH, Zhang J, Yu SP. Neuroprotective mechanisms and translational potential of therapeutic hypothermia in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:341-350. [PMID: 28469636 PMCID: PMC5399699 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.202915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death, yet effective treatments for acute stroke has been very limited. Thus far, tissue plasminogen activator has been the only FDA-approved drug for thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke patients, yet its application is only applicable to less than 4–5% of stroke patients due to the narrow therapeutic window (< 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke) and the high risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Emerging evidence from basic and clinical studies has shown that therapeutic hypothermia, also known as targeted temperature management, can be a promising therapy for patients with different types of stroke. Moreover, the success in animal models using pharmacologically induced hypothermia (PIH) has gained increasing momentum for clinical translation of hypothermic therapy. This review provides an updated overview of the mechanisms and protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia, as well as the recent development and findings behind PIH treatment. It is expected that a safe and effective hypothermic therapy has a high translational potential for clinical treatment of patients with stroke and other CNS injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernández-Ruiz J, Moro MA, Martínez-Orgado J. Cannabinoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Stroke/Brain Trauma: From Preclinical Models to Clinical Applications. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:793-806. [PMID: 26260390 PMCID: PMC4604192 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids form a singular family of plant-derived compounds (phytocannabinoids), endogenous signaling lipids (endocannabinoids), and synthetic derivatives with multiple biological effects and therapeutic applications in the central and peripheral nervous systems. One of these properties is the regulation of neuronal homeostasis and survival, which is the result of the combination of a myriad of effects addressed to preserve, rescue, repair, and/or replace neurons, and also glial cells against multiple insults that may potentially damage these cells. These effects are facilitated by the location of specific targets for the action of these compounds (e.g., cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors, endocannabinoid inactivating enzymes, and nonendocannabinoid targets) in key cellular substrates (e.g., neurons, glial cells, and neural progenitor cells). This potential is promising for acute and chronic neurodegenerative pathological conditions. In this review, we will collect all experimental evidence, mainly obtained at the preclinical level, supporting that different cannabinoid compounds may be neuroprotective in adult and neonatal ischemia, brain trauma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This increasing experimental evidence demands a prompt clinical validation of cannabinoid-based medicines for the treatment of all these disorders, which, at present, lack efficacious treatments for delaying/arresting disease progression, despite the fact that the few clinical trials conducted so far with these medicines have failed to demonstrate beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María A Moro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cannabinoids in experimental stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:348-58. [PMID: 25492113 PMCID: PMC4348386 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids (CBs) show promise as neuroprotectants with some agents already licensed in humans for other conditions. We systematically reviewed CBs in preclinical stroke to guide further experimental protocols. We selected controlled studies assessing acute administration of CBs for experimental stroke, identified through systematic searches. Data were extracted on lesion volume, outcome and quality, and analyzed using random effect models. Results are expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In all, 144 experiments (34 publications) assessed CBs on infarct volume in 1,473 animals. Cannabinoids reduced infarct volume in transient (SMD -1.41 (95% CI -1.71), -1.11) P<0.00001) and permanent (-1.67 (-2.08, -1.27), P<0.00001) ischemia and in all subclasses: endocannabinoids (-1.72 (-2.62, -0.82), P=0.0002), CB1/CB2 ligands (-1.75 (-2.19, -1.31), P<0.00001), CB2 ligands (-1.65 (-2.09, -1.22), P<0.00001), cannabidiol (-1.20 (-1.63, -0.77), P<0.00001), Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (-1.43 (-2.01, -0.86), P<0.00001), and HU-211 (-2.90 (-4.24, -1.56), P<0.0001). Early and late neuroscores significantly improved with CB use (-1.27 (-1.58, -0.95), P<0.00001; -1.63 (-2.64, -0.62), P<0.002 respectively) and there was no effect on survival. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias was present, median study quality was 4 (range 1 to 6/8). Overall, CBs significantly reduced infarct volume and improve functional outcome in experimental stroke. Further studies in aged, female and larger animals, with other co-morbidities are required.
Collapse
|
9
|
Johansen FF, Hasseldam H, Nybro Smith M, Rasmussen RS. Drug-induced hypothermia by 5HT1A agonists provide neuroprotection in experimental stroke: new perspectives for acute patient treatment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:2879-2887. [PMID: 25307429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced hypothermia reduces brain damage in animal stroke models and is an undiscovered potential in human stroke treatment. We studied hypothermia induced by the serotonergic agonists S14671 (1-[2-(2-thenoylamino)ethyl]-4[1-(7- methoxynaphtyl)]piperazine) and ipsapirone in a rat stroke model and in man by literature meta-analysis. METHODS Rats had 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and then 7 days of survival. Body temperatures were monitored for 22 hours. Thirty minutes after MCAO, 1 group (n = 9) received bolus of S14671 (.75 mg/kg) and continuous infusion of .06 mg/kg hour(-1) S14671 for 20 hours. Other MCAO rats (n = 7) had bolus of ipsapirone (.75 mg/kg) and continuous infusion of .25 mg/kg hour(-1) ipsapirone for 3 hours. Controls (n = 9; n = 5) received similar amounts of vehicle as bolus and continuous infusion for 20 hours/3 hours. Additional controls of the S14761 effect in MCAO were performed as previously mentioned (n = 10) but with rats kept normothermic by a heating lamp for 22 hours. Finally, a meta-analysis of ipsapirone-induced hypothermia in man was included. RESULTS Infarct volumes were reduced by 50% in hypothermic rats versus controls (P < .05). S14671 rats kept normothermic did not show infarct reduction (P > .05). The body temperature after stroke was reduced 1.0-3.0°C compared with controls for 20 hours with S14671 treatment and for 6 hours with ipsapirone treatment. In humans, ipsapirone reduced temperature in average with .55 °C ranging between .1-1.4 °C. CONCLUSIONS 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (5HT(1A)) agonists significantly reduce infarct volumes in MCAO rats primarily because of the hypothermic drug effect. 5HT(1A) agonists may be introduced to reduce body temperatures rapidly and prepare patients for further therapeutic hypothermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Fryd Johansen
- Copenhagen Experimental Stroke Unit, Molecular Pathology at Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Hasseldam
- Copenhagen Experimental Stroke Unit, Molecular Pathology at Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Nybro Smith
- Copenhagen Experimental Stroke Unit, Molecular Pathology at Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Skovgaard Rasmussen
- Copenhagen Experimental Stroke Unit, Molecular Pathology at Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang M, Wang H, Zhao J, Chen C, Leak RK, Xu Y, Vosler P, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhang F. Drug-induced hypothermia in stroke models: does it always protect? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2014; 12:371-80. [PMID: 23469851 DOI: 10.2174/1871527311312030010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common neurological disorder lacking a cure. Recent studies show that therapeutic hypothermia is a promising neuroprotective strategy against ischemic brain injury. Several methods to induce therapeutic hypothermia have been established; however, most of them are not clinically feasible for stroke patients. Therefore, pharmacological cooling is drawing increasing attention as a neuroprotective alternative worthy of further clinical development. We begin this review with a brief introduction to the commonly used methods for inducing hypothermia; we then focus on the hypothermic effects of eight classes of hypothermia-inducing drugs: the cannabinoids, opioid receptor activators, transient receptor potential vanilloid, neurotensins, thyroxine derivatives, dopamine receptor activators, hypothermia-inducing gases, adenosine, and adenine nucleotides. Their neuroprotective effects as well as the complications associated with their use are both considered. This article provides guidance for future clinical trials and animal studies on pharmacological cooling in the setting of acute stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Johansen FF, Hasseldam H, Rasmussen RS, Bisgaard AS, Bonfils PK, Poulsen SS, Hansen-Schwartz J. Drug-Induced Hypothermia as Beneficial Treatment before and after Cerebral Ischemia. Pathobiology 2014; 81:42-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000352026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
12
|
Hasseldam H, Hansen-Schwartz J, Munkholm N, Hou J, Johansen FF. Remote post-conditioning reduces hypoxic damage early after experimental stroke. Neurol Res 2013; 35:336-43. [PMID: 23540402 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given that reliable markers for early ischemic brain damage are lacking, we set out to test whether pimonidazole can be used as a reliable tool in the quantification of hypoxic insults, at early time points following experimental stroke. METHODS We have used semi-quantitative Western blotting detection of pimonidazole adducts in a rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), treated with remote post-conditioning. RESULTS First, we demonstrated that a linear relationship exist between pimonidazole binding in the ischemic hemisphere and duration of ischemia, in animals subjected to 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes of occlusion followed by 120 minutes of reflow. Then we showed a significant reduction in pimonidazole binding in the infarcted hemisphere, when rats with 60 minutes of MCAO, immediately after establishment of cerebral reflow, had 3×15 minutes intermittent hind limb ischemia followed by 24-hour survival. We analysed the middle cerebral arteries from animals with 60 minutes of MCAO and early remote post-conditioning, followed by 30 minutes, 24, or 48 hours of reflow. At 24 hours of reflow increases in phosphorylated protein kinase C-alpha with concomitantly increased levels of p38 phosphorylation were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation demonstrates that pimonidazole can be used for quantifying ischemic impact in stroke, even after very short survival times. It furthermore shows that early remote post-conditioning reduces ischemic damage, probably through hyperpolarization and reduced reflow vasospasm in the conduit middle cerebral arteries.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim HM. Pharmacological Approaches in Newborn Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2013.20.3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heng-mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Suzuki N, Suzuki M, Hamajo K, Murakami K, Tsukamoto T, Shimojo M. Contribution of hypothermia and CB1 receptor activation to protective effects of TAK-937, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, in rat transient MCAO model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40889. [PMID: 22815855 PMCID: PMC3397930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists are expected to alleviate ischemic brain damage by modulating neurotransmission and neuroinflammatory responses via CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively. In a previous study, TAK-937, a novel potent and selective CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist, was shown to exert significant cerebroprotective effects accompanied by hypothermia after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Sustained hypothermia itself induces significant neuroprotective effects. In the present studies, we examined the relative contribution of hypothermia and CB1 receptor activation to the cerebroprotective effects of TAK-937. Methodology/Principal Findings Using a multichannel brain temperature controlling system we developed, the brain temperature of freely moving rats was telemetrically monitored and maintained between 37 and 38°C during intravenous infusion of TAK-937 (100 µg/kg/h) or vehicle for 24 h after 2 h MCAO. AM251, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, was administered intraperitoneally at 30 mg/kg 30 min before starting intravenous infusion of TAK-937 (100 µg/kg/h) for 24 h. Rats were sacrificed and their brains were isolated 26 h after MCAO in both experiments. When the hypothermic effect of TAK-937 was completely reversed by a brain temperature controlling system, the infarct-reducing effect of TAK-937 was attenuated in part, but remained significant. On the other hand, concomitant AM251 treatment with TAK-937 completely abolished the hypothermic and infarct-reducing effects of TAK-937. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that the cerebroprotective effects of TAK-937 were at least in part mediated by induction of hypothermia, and mainly mediated by CB1 receptor activation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amides/pharmacology
- Amides/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Benzofurans/pharmacology
- Benzofurans/therapeutic use
- Body Temperature/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypothermia/drug therapy
- Hypothermia/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism
- Male
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Motohisa Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hamajo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Masato Shimojo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Povlsen GK, Waldsee R, Ahnstedt H, Kristiansen KA, Johansen FF, Edvinsson L. In vivo experimental stroke and in vitro organ culture induce similar changes in vasoconstrictor receptors and intracellular calcium handling in rat cerebral arteries. Exp Brain Res 2012; 219:507-20. [PMID: 22585122 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral arteries subjected to different types of experimental stroke upregulate their expression of certain G-protein-coupled vasoconstrictor receptors, a phenomenon that worsens the ischemic brain damage. Upregulation of contractile endothelin B (ET(B)) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT(1B)) receptors has been demonstrated after subarachnoid hemorrhage and global ischemic stroke, but the situation is less clear after focal ischemic stroke. Changes in smooth muscle calcium handling have been implicated in different vascular diseases but have not hitherto been investigated in cerebral arteries after stroke. Here, we evaluate changes of ET(B) and 5-HT(1B) receptors, intracellular calcium levels, and calcium channel expression in rat middle cerebral artery (MCA) after focal cerebral ischemia and in vitro organ culture, a proposed model of vasoconstrictor receptor changes after stroke. Rats were subjected to 2 h MCA occlusion followed by reperfusion for 1 or 24 h. Alternatively, MCAs from naïve rats were cultured for 1 or 24 h. ET(B) and 5-HT(1B) receptor-mediated contractions were evaluated by wire myography. Receptor and channel expressions were measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Intracellular calcium was measured by FURA-2. Expression and contractile functions of ET(B) and 5-HT(1B) receptors were strongly upregulated and slightly downregulated, respectively, 24 h after experimental stroke or organ culture. ET(B) receptor-mediated contraction was mediated by calcium from intracellular and extracellular sources, whereas 5-HT(1B) receptor-mediated contraction was solely dependent on extracellular calcium. Organ culture and stroke increased basal intracellular calcium levels in MCA smooth muscle cells and decreased the expression of inositol triphosphate receptor and transient receptor potential canonical calcium channels, but not voltage-operated calcium channels.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cerebral Arteries/drug effects
- Cerebral Arteries/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Intracellular Fluid/drug effects
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Endothelin B/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/biosynthesis
- Stroke/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
- Viper Venoms/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gro Klitgaard Povlsen
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Ndr. Ringvej 69, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Edvinsson LIH, Povlsen GK. Vascular plasticity in cerebrovascular disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:1554-71. [PMID: 21559027 PMCID: PMC3137480 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality with little advancement in subacute treatment options. This review aims to cover and discuss novel insight obtained during the last decade into plastic changes in the vasoconstrictor receptor profiles of cerebral arteries and microvessels that takes place after different types of stroke. Receptors like the endothelin type B, angiotensin type 1, and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1B/1D receptors are upregulated in the smooth muscle layer of cerebral arteries after different types of ischemic stroke as well as after subarachnoid hemorrhage, yielding rather dramatic changes in the contractility of the vessels. Some of the signal transduction processes mediating this receptor upregulation have been elucidated. In particular the extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 pathway, which is activated early in the process, has proven to be a promising therapeutic target for prevention of vasoconstrictor receptor upregulation after stroke. Together, those findings provide new perspectives on the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and point toward a novel way of reducing vasoconstriction, neuronal cell death, and thus neurologic deficits after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars I H Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University, Glostrup Hospital Research Park, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fosgerau K, Weber UJ, Gotfredsen JW, Jayatissa M, Buus C, Kristensen NB, Vestergaard M, Teschendorf P, Schneider A, Hansen P, Raunsø J, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, Videbaek C. Drug-induced mild therapeutic hypothermia obtained by administration of a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 agonist. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2010; 10:51. [PMID: 20932337 PMCID: PMC2966451 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-10-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of mechanical/physical devices for applying mild therapeutic hypothermia is the only proven neuroprotective treatment for survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest. However, this type of therapy is cumbersome and associated with several side-effects. We investigated the feasibility of using a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) agonist for obtaining drug-induced sustainable mild hypothermia. Methods First, we screened a heterogeneous group of TRPV1 agonists and secondly we tested the hypothermic properties of a selected candidate by dose-response studies. Finally we tested the hypothermic properties in a large animal. The screening was in conscious rats, the dose-response experiments in conscious rats and in cynomologus monkeys, and the finally we tested the hypothermic properties in conscious young cattle (calves with a body weight as an adult human). The investigated TRPV1 agonists were administered by continuous intravenous infusion. Results Screening: Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), a component of chili pepper, displayed a desirable hypothermic profile with regards to the duration, depth and control in conscious rats. Dose-response experiments: In both rats and cynomologus monkeys DHC caused a dose-dependent and immediate decrease in body temperature. Thus in rats, infusion of DHC at doses of 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/kg/h caused a maximal ΔT (°C) as compared to vehicle control of -0.9, -1.5, -2.0, and -4.2 within approximately 1 hour until the 6 hour infusion was stopped. Finally, in calves the intravenous infusion of DHC was able to maintain mild hypothermia with ΔT > -3°C for more than 12 hours. Conclusions Our data support the hypothesis that infusion of dihydrocapsaicin is a candidate for testing as a primary or adjunct method of inducing and maintaining therapeutic hypothermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keld Fosgerau
- Neurokey AS, Diplomvej 372, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu B, Wang Q, Chen Y, Du J, Zhu X, Lu Y, Xiong L, Chen S. Neuroprotective effect of WIN 55,212-2 pretreatment against focal cerebral ischemia through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 645:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
There is now a large volume of data indicating that compounds activating cannabinoid CB(1) receptors, either directly or indirectly by preventing the breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids, can protect against neuronal damage produced by a variety of neuronal "insults". Given that such neurodegenerative stimuli result in increased endocannabinoid levels and that animals with genetic deletions of CB(1) receptors are more susceptible to the deleterious effects of such stimuli, a case can be made for an endogenous neuroprotective role of endocannabinoids. However, this is an oversimplification of the current literature, since (a) compounds released together with the endocannabinoids can contribute to the neuroprotective effect; (b) other proteins, such as TASK-1 and PPARalpha, are involved; (c) the CB(1) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant has also been reported to have neuroprotective properties in a number of animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the CB(2) receptor located on peripheral immune cells and activated microglia are potential targets for novel therapies. In terms of the clinical usefulness of targeting the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, data are emerging, but important factors to be considered are windows of opportunity (for acute situations such as trauma and ischemia) and the functionality of the target receptors (for chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease).
Collapse
|
20
|
Doyle KP, Suchland KL, Ciesielski TMP, Lessov NS, Grandy DK, Scanlan TS, Stenzel-Poore MP. Novel thyroxine derivatives, thyronamine and 3-iodothyronamine, induce transient hypothermia and marked neuroprotection against stroke injury. Stroke 2007; 38:2569-76. [PMID: 17690312 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.106.480277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mild hypothermia confers profound neuroprotection in ischemia. We recently discovered 2 natural derivatives of thyroxine, 3-iodothyronamine (T(1)AM) and thyronamine (T(0)AM), that when administered to rodents lower body temperature for several hours without induction of a compensatory homeostatic response. We tested whether T(1)AM- and T(0)AM-induced hypothermia protects against brain injury from experimental stroke. METHODS We tested T(1)AM and T(0)AM 1 hour after and 2 days before stroke in a mouse model of focal ischemia. To determine whether T(1)AM and T(0)AM require hypothermia to protect against stroke injury, the induction of hypothermia was prevented. RESULTS T(1)AM and T(0)AM administration reduced body temperature from 37 degrees C to 31 degrees C. Mice given T(1)AM or T(0)AM after the ischemic period had significantly smaller infarcts compared with controls. Mice preconditioned with T(1)AM before ischemia displayed significantly smaller infarcts compared with controls. Pre- and postischemia treatments required the induction of hypothermia. T(1)AM and T(0)AM treatment in vitro failed to confer neuroprotection against ischemia. CONCLUSIONS T(1)AM and T(0)AM, are potent neuroprotectants in acute stroke and T(1)AM can be used as antecedent treatment to induce neuroprotection against subsequent ischemia. Hypothermia induced by T(1)AM and T(0)AM may underlie neuroprotection. T(1)AM and T(0)AM offer promise as treatments for brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hayakawa K, Mishima K, Nozako M, Ogata A, Hazekawa M, Liu AX, Fujioka M, Abe K, Hasebe N, Egashira N, Iwasaki K, Fujiwara M. Repeated treatment with cannabidiol but not Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol has a neuroprotective effect without the development of tolerance. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1079-87. [PMID: 17320118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) and cannabidiol are known to have a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia. We examined whether repeated treatment with both drugs led to tolerance of their neuroprotective effects in mice subjected to 4h-middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. The neuroprotective effect of Delta(9)-THC but not cannabidiol was inhibited by SR141716, cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist. Fourteen-day repeated treatment with Delta(9)-THC, but not cannabidiol, led to tolerance of the neuroprotective and hypothermic effects. In addition, repeated treatment with Delta(9)-THC reversed the increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF), while cannabidiol did not reverse that effect. Repeated treatment with Delta(9)-THC caused CB(1) receptor desensitization and down-regulation in MCA occluded mice. On the contrary, cannabidiol did not influence these effects. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect and an increase in CBF induced by repeated treatment with cannabidiol were in part inhibited by WAY100135, serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist. Cannabidiol exhibited stronger antioxidative power than Delta(9)-THC in an in vitro study using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Thus, cannabidiol is a potent antioxidant agent without developing tolerance to its neuroprotective effect, acting through a CB(1) receptor-independent mechanism. It is to be hoped that cannabidiol will have a palliative action and open new therapeutic possibilities for treating cerebrovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 8-19-1, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|