1
|
Wei F, Liang J, Tian W, Yu L, Feng Z, Hua Q. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive responses to the combined impact of salinity and alkalinity in Gymnocypris przewalskii. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:104. [PMID: 38647776 PMCID: PMC10992934 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnocypris przewalskii is the only high-land endemic teleost living in Qinghai Lake, the largest saline-alkaline lake in China. Its osmoregulatory physiology remains elusive due to a lack of precise identification of the response proteins. In the present study, DIA/SWATH was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) under alkaline (pH = 10.1, carbonate buffer), saline (12‰, sodium chloride), and saline-alkaline [carbonate buffer (pH = 10.1) plus 11‰ sodium chloride] stresses. A total of 66,056 unique peptides representing 7,150 proteins and 230 DEPs [the false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05, fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5] were identified under different stresses. Comparative analyses of the proteome and transcriptome indicated that over 86% of DEPs did not show consistent trends with mRNA. In addition to consistent enrichment results under different stresses, the specific DEPs involved in saline-alkaline adaptation were primarily enriched in functions of homeostasis, hormone synthesis and reactions of defense response, complement activation and reproductive development. Meanwhile, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of these specific DEPs indicated that the hub genes were ITGAX, MMP9, C3, F2, CD74, BTK, ANXA1, NCKAP1L, and CASP8. This study accurately isolated the genes that respond to stress, and the results could be helpful for understanding the physiological regulation mechanisms regarding salinity, alkalinity, and salinity-alkalinity interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wengen Tian
- The Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Naked Carps in Lake Qinghai, 83 Ningzhang Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxian Yu
- The Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Naked Carps in Lake Qinghai, 83 Ningzhang Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- The Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Naked Carps in Lake Qinghai, 83 Ningzhang Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Novel C5aR Antagonist DF3016A Protects Neurons Against Ischemic Neuroinflammatory Injury. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:163-174. [PMID: 30953275 PMCID: PMC6570783 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) constitutively expresses complement (C) membrane receptors and complement proteins, including the component C5a. This is a crucial terminal effector of the C cascade, mostly involved in pain and neuroinflammatory conditions. Aberrant activation of C5a protein and its receptor C5aR has been reported to play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, with important clinical consequences. Here we have investigated the effects of DF3016A, a novel selective C5aR antagonist, able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), on cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R), a neuroinflammation-related process. We demonstrated that a mild ischemic insult induces an early upregulation of C5aR associated with the over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the over-expression of the transcriptional regulatory factor miR-181. Furthermore, we report the first experimental evidence of the effect of DF3016A, modulating complement component C5a, on neurons in a model of injury. Interestingly, DF3016A protects neuronal viability by restoring intracellular calcium levels, thus opposing the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and miR-181 expression. Based on our results, we suggest that DF3016A is a novel C5aR antagonist promoting protective effects against OGD/R-induced damage that could be a new therapeutic approach to controlling CNS neuroinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang GY. Significance of Complement System in Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Aging Dis 2019; 10:429-462. [PMID: 31011487 PMCID: PMC6457046 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an essential part of innate immunity, typically conferring protection via eliminating pathogens and accumulating debris. However, the defensive function of the complement system can exacerbate immune, inflammatory, and degenerative responses in various pathological conditions. Cumulative evidence indicates that the complement system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury, as the depletion of certain complement components or the inhibition of complement activation could reduce ischemic brain injury. Although multiple candidates modulating or inhibiting complement activation show massive potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical availability of complement inhibitors remains limited. The complement system is also involved in neural plasticity and neurogenesis during cerebral ischemia. Thus, unexpected side effects could be induced if the systemic complement system is inhibited. In this review, we highlighted the recent concepts and discoveries of the roles of different kinds of complement components, such as C3a, C5a, and their receptors, in both normal brain physiology and the pathophysiology of brain ischemia. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed the current development of complement-targeted therapy for ischemic stroke and discussed the challenges of bringing these therapies into the clinic. The design of future experiments was also discussed to better characterize the role of complement in both tissue injury and recovery after cerebral ischemia. More studies are needed to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how complement components exert their functions in different stages of ischemic stroke to optimize the intervention of targeting the complement system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- 3Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- 2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leffler J, Stumbles PA, Strickland DH. Immunological Processes Driving IgE Sensitisation and Disease Development in Males and Females. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1554. [PMID: 29882879 PMCID: PMC6032271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE sensitisation has increased significantly over the last decades and is a crucial factor in the development of allergic diseases. IgE antibodies are produced by B cells through the process of antigen presentation by dendritic cells, subsequent differentiation of CD4⁺ Th2 cells, and class switching in B cells. However, many of the factors regulating these processes remain unclear. These processes affect males and females differently, resulting in a significantly higher prevalence of IgE sensitisation in males compared to females from an early age. Before the onset of puberty, this increased prevalence of IgE sensitisation is also associated with a higher prevalence of clinical symptoms in males; however, after puberty, females experience a surge in the incidence of allergic symptoms. This is particularly apparent in allergic asthma, but also in other allergic diseases such as food and contact allergies. This has been partly attributed to the pro- versus anti-allergic effects of female versus male sex hormones; however, it remains unclear how the expression of sex hormones translates IgE sensitisation into clinical symptoms. In this review, we describe the recent epidemiological findings on IgE sensitisation in male and females and discuss recent mechanistic studies casting further light on how the expression of sex hormones may influence the innate and adaptive immune system at mucosal surfaces and how sex hormones may be involved in translating IgE sensitisation into clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hussein MH, Hashimoto T, Suzuki T, Abdel-Hamid Daoud G, Kato T, Hibi M, Tomishige H, Hara F, Ito T, Kato I, Kazuhiko K, Sobajima H, Tamura M, Togari H. Liver Transplantation from Female Donors Provokes Higher Complement Component C5a Activity. Ann Transplant 2017; 22:694-700. [PMID: 29162794 PMCID: PMC6248037 DOI: 10.12659/aot.905464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transplanted organs from female donors are associated with less favorable prognoses and outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether donor gender affects levels of serum terminal complement component C5a and oxidative stress in pediatric living related liver transplantation (LRLTx) recipients. Material/Methods The subjects were 43 patients (20 males and 23 females) who underwent LRLTx during childhood (age range 1.2 years to 14.4 years; mean age 5 years). Serum samples were taken during the patients’ regular outpatient visits after LRLTx. Serum C5a was measured using the specific human C5a ELISA kit. Serum total hydroperoxide (TH) and biological antioxidative potential (BAP) were measured using the free radical analytic system, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as the ratio of TH to BAP. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also measured as part of a typical outpatient examination for such patients. Results C5a serum levels were higher in the 29 recipients who received their grafted livers from female donors than in the 14 recipients who received their grafted livers from male donors. Recipients who received their grafted livers from female donors had higher incidence of post-LTx (liver transplantation) complications. Female recipients from female donors showed the highest serum GPT and GOT levels, but this difference was only significant when compared to the female recipients from male donors (41.4±9.8 IU/L vs. 17.3±1.8 IU/L for GPT and 42.2±7.5 IU/L vs. 23.4±2.2 IU/L for GOT; P<0.05). Conclusions Pediatric LRLTx patients who receive their grafts from female donors exhibit higher levels of serum C5a that probably plays a role in the immunological response against grafted livers from female donors in LTx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed Hussein
- Division of Neonatology, Center of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, Masuko Memorial Hospital, Nakamura, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Takazumi Kato
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahito Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tomishige
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fujio Hara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ineko Kato
- Department of Perinatal Development and Preventive Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Kabe Kazuhiko
- Division of Neonatology, Center of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisanori Sobajima
- Division of Neonatology, Center of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanori Tamura
- Division of Neonatology, Center of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hajime Togari
- , Kinjogakuin University, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen J, Kaitsuka T, Fujino R, Araki K, Tomizawa K, Yamamoto T. Mutation of the key residue for extraribosomal function of ribosomal protein S19 cause increased grooming behaviors in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 629:221-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Rezvani R, Smith J, Lapointe M, Marceau P, Tchernof A, Cianflone K. Complement receptors C5aR and C5L2 are associated with metabolic profile, sex hormones, and liver enzymes in obese women pre- and postbariatric surgery. J Obes 2014; 2014:383102. [PMID: 24796007 PMCID: PMC3984800 DOI: 10.1155/2014/383102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction with sex differences and chronic, low-grade inflammation.We proposed that hepatic expression of immune complement C3 related receptors (C3aR, C5aR, and C5L2) would be associated with pre- or postmenopausal status and metabolic profile in severely obese women. We hypothesized that C5L2/C5aR ratio, potentially influencing the ASP/C5L2 metabolic versus C5a/C5aR immune response, would predict metabolic profiles after weight loss surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting plasma (hormone, lipid, and enzyme analysis) and liver biopsies (RT-PCR gene expression) were obtained from 91 women during surgery. RESULTS Hepatic C5L2 mRNA expression was elevated in pre- versus postmenopausal women (P < 0.01) and correlated positively with circulating estradiol, estrone, ApoB, ApoA1, ApoA1/B, waist circumference, age, and LDL-C (all P < 0.05).While plasma ASP was lower in pre- versus postmenopausal women (P < 0.01), the hepatic C5L2/C5aR mRNA ratio was increased (P < 0.001) and correlated positively with estrone (P < 0.01) and estradiol (P < 0.001) and negatively with circulating ApoB and liver enzymes ALT, AST, and GGT (all P < 0.05). Over 12 months postoperatively, liver enzymes in low C5L2/C5aR mRNA ratio group remained higher (ALP and ALT, P < 0.05, AST and GGT, P < 0.001 2-way-ANOVA). CONCLUSION C5L2-C5aR association with other mediators including estrogens may contribute to hepatic metabolic and inflammatory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Jessica Smith
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Picard Marceau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Andre Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
- *Katherine Cianflone:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Farkas I, Sárvári M, Aller M, Okada N, Okada H, Likó I, Liposits Z. Estrogen receptor alpha and beta differentially mediate C5aR agonist evoked Ca2+-influx in neurons through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:631-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
9
|
Wenger M, Sattler U, Goldschmidt-Clermont E, Segner H. 17Beta-estradiol affects the response of complement components and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) challenged by bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:90-7. [PMID: 21549195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Research on the endocrine role of estrogens has focused on the reproductive system, while other potential target systems have been less studied. Here, we investigated the possible immunomodulating role of 17β-estradiol (E2) using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model. The aims of the study were to examine a) whether estrogens can modulate immune gene transcription levels, and b) whether this has functional implications for the resistance of trout towards pathogens. Trout were reared from fertilization until 6 months of age under (1) control conditions, (2) short-term E2-treatment (6-month-old juveniles were fed a diet containing 20 mg E2/kg for 2 weeks), or c) long-term E2-treatment (twice a 2-h-bath-exposure of trout embryos to 400 μg 17β-estradiol (E2)/L, followed by rearing on the E2-spiked diet from start-feeding until 6 months of age). Analysis of plasma estrogen levels indicated that the internal estrogen concentrations of E2-exposed fish were within the physiological range and analysis of hepatic vitellogenin mRNA levels indicated that the E2 administration was effective in activating the endogenous estrogen receptor pathway. However, expression levels of the hepatic complement components C3-1, C3-3, and Factor H were not affected by E2-treatment. In a next step, 6-month-old juveniles were challenged with pathogenic bacteria (Yersinia ruckeri). In control fish, this bacterial infection resulted in significant up-regulation of the mRNA levels of hepatic complement genes (C3-1, C3-3, Factor B, Factor H), while E2-treated fish showed no or significantly lower up-regulation of the complement gene transcription levels. Apparently, the E2-treated trout had a lower capacity to activate their immune system to defend against the bacterial infection. This interpretation is corroborated by the finding that survival of E2-treated fish under bacterial challenge was significantly lower than in the control group. In conclusion, the results from this study suggest that estrogens are able to modulate immune parameters of trout with functional consequences on their ability to cope with pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wenger
- Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Interactions, Institute for Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Milla S, Depiereux S, Kestemont P. The effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors on the immune system of fish: a review. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:305-19. [PMID: 21210218 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, a number of studies have shown that, in addition to their classically described reproductive function, estrogens and androgens also regulate the immune system in teleosts. Today, several molecules are known to interfere with the sex-steroid signaling. These chemicals are often referred to as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs). We review the growing evidence that these compounds interfere with the fish immune system. These studies encompass a broad range of approaches from field studies to those at the molecular level. This integrative overview improves our understanding of the various endocrine-disrupting processes triggered by these chemicals. Furthermore, the research also explains why fish that have been exposed to EDCs are more sensitive to pathogens during gametogenesis. In this review, we first discuss the primary actions of sex-steroid-like endocrine disruptors in fish and the specificity of the fish immune system in comparison to mammals. Then, we review the known interactions between the immune system and EDCs and interpret the primary effects of sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) and their related endocrine disruptors on immune modulation. The recent literature suggests that immune parameters may be used as biomarkers of contamination by EDCs. However, caution should be used in the assessment of such immunotoxicity. In particular, more attention should be paid to the specificity of these biomarkers, the external/internal factors influencing the response, and the transduction pathways induced by these molecules in fish. The use of the well-known mammalian models provides a useful guide for future research in fish.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez-Monter C, Martínez-Armenta M, Miquelajauregui A, Furlan-Magaril M, Varela-Echavarría A, Recillas-Targa F, May V, Charli JL, Pérez-Martínez L. The Krüppel-like factor 4 controls biosynthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone during hypothalamus development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 333:127-33. [PMID: 21182892 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic neurogenesis is controlled by the activation of specific genetic programs. In the hypothalamus, neuronal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) populations control important physiological process, including energy homeostasis and autonomic function; however, the genetic program leading to the TRH expression is poorly understood. Here, we show that the Klf4 gene, encoding the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), was expressed in the rat hypothalamus during development and regulated Trh expression. In rat fetal hypothalamic cells Klf4 regulated Trh promoter activity through CACCC and GC motifs present on the Trh gene promoter. Accordingly, hypothalamic Trh expression was down-regulated at embryonic day 15 in the Klf4(-/-) mice resulting in diminished bioactive peptide levels. Although at the neonatal stage the Trh transcript levels of the Klf4(-/-) mice were normal, the reduction in peptide levels persisted. Thus, our data indicate that Klf4 plays a key role in the maturation of TRH expression in hypothalamic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Monter
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Juszczak M, Boczek-Leszczyk E. Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activation stimulates oxytocin release from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system while melatonin inhibits this process. Brain Res Bull 2010; 81:185-90. [PMID: 19874874 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonist and antagonist on oxytocin (OT) release from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial (H-N) system. An additional aim was to determine whether the possible response of oxytocinergic neurons to these peptides could be modified by melatonin through a cAMP-dependent mechanism. The results show that the highly selective GnRH agonist (i.e., [Des-Gly(10),d-His(Bzl)(6),Pro-NHEt(9)]-LHRH; Histrelin) stimulates the secretion of OT from an isolated rat H-N system. Melatonin significantly inhibited basal and histrelin-induced release of OT in vitro, and displayed no significant influence on OT release in the presence of GnRH or its antagonist. Addition of melatonin to a medium containing forskolin resulted in significant reduction of OT secretion from the H-N system. On the other hand, addition of forskolin to a medium containing both histrelin and melatonin did not further alter the inhibitory influence of melatonin on the histrelin-dependent secretion of OT in vitro. Intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion (experiment in vivo) of a GnRH antagonist resulted in substantial inhibition of OT release, thus revealing the stimulatory action of endogenous GnRH. In melatonin-treated animals, blood plasma OT levels were not changed in comparison to the vehicle. Our present data strongly suggests that activation of the GnRH receptor in the hypothalamus is involved in stimulation of OT secretion from the rat H-N system. It has also been shown, under experimental in vitro conditions, that melatonin fully suppresses the response of oxytocinergic neurons to the GnRH agonist - histrelin. The effect of melatonin on OT release is mediated by the cAMP-dependent mechanism, although other mechanisms of action are also possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Juszczak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, str., 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jang JH, Clark DJ, Li X, Yorek MS, Usachev YM, Brennan TJ. Nociceptive sensitization by complement C5a and C3a in mouse. Pain 2009; 148:343-352. [PMID: 20031321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the complement system by injury increases inflammation by producing complement fragments C5a and C3a which are able to recruit and activate immune cells. Complement activation may contribute to pain after inflammation and injury. In this study, we examined whether C5a and C3a elicit nociception when injected into mouse hind paws in vivo, and whether C5a and C3a activate and/or sensitize mechanosensitive nociceptors when applied on peripheral terminals in vitro. We also examined the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for C5a receptor (C5aR) mRNA and effects of C5a and C3a on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) using Ca(2+) imaging. Heat hyperalgesia was elicited by intraplantar injection of C5a, and mechanical hyperalgesia by C5a and C3a. After exposure to either C5a or C3a, C-nociceptors were sensitized to heat as evidenced by an increased proportion of heat responsive fibers, lowered response threshold to heat and increased action potentials during and after heat stimulation. A-nociceptors were activated by complement. However, no change was observed in mechanical responses of A- and C-nociceptors after C5a and C3a application. The presence of C5aR mRNA was detected in DRG. C5a and C3a application elevated [Ca(2+)](i) and facilitated capsaicin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) responses in DRG neurons. The results suggest a potential role for complement fragments C5a and C3a in nociception by activating and sensitizing cutaneous nociceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Jang
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Department of Anesthesia, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Graduate Program of Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crane JW, Baiquni GP, Sullivan RK, Lee JD, Sah P, Taylor SM, Noakes PG, Woodruff TM. The C5a anaphylatoxin receptor CD88 is expressed in presynaptic terminals of hippocampal mossy fibres. J Neuroinflammation 2009; 6:34. [PMID: 19917081 PMCID: PMC2780381 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-6-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the periphery, C5a acts through the G-protein coupled receptor CD88 to enhance/maintain inflammatory responses. In the brain, CD88 can be expressed on astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Previous studies have shown that the hippocampal CA3 region displays CD88-immunolabelling, and CD88 mRNA is present within dentate gyrus granule cells. As granule cells send dense axonal projections (mossy fibres) to CA3 pyramidal neurons, CD88 expression could be expressed on mossy fibres. However, the cellular location of CD88 within the hippocampal CA3 region is unknown. Methods The expression of CD88 within the hippocampal CA3 region was characterized using dual-immunolabelling of hippocampal sections prepared from Wistar rats. Immunolabelling for CD88, using a monoclonal antibody, was combined with immunolabelling for markers of astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (IBA1), presynaptic proteins (synaptophysin and synapsin-1) and preterminal axons (neurofilament). In addition, electron microscopy was performed on peroxidase-visualized CD88-immunolabelling to determine its cellular localisation within the CA3 region. Results Dense CD88-immunolabelling was observed within the stratum lucidum of the CA3, consistent with the presence of CD88 on mossy fibres. Labelling for CD88 rarely co-localized with astrocytes or microglia, but was highly co-localized with presynaptic proteins. Electron microscopy revealed CD88-immunolabelling was localized to large presynaptic terminals within the stratum lucidum. Conclusion These results demonstrate that CD88 is expressed on presynaptic terminals of mossy fibres within the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Although the role of CD88 on mossy fibres remains to be established, their involvement in synaptic/cellular plasticity, and in cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease deserves investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Crane
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St, Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072 Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Varju P, Chang KC, Hrabovszky E, Merchenthaler I, Liposits Z. Temporal profile of estrogen-dependent gene expression in LHRH-producing GT1–7 cells. Neurochem Int 2009; 54:119-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|