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Rishabh, Rohilla M, Bansal S, Bansal N, Chauhan S, Sharma S, Goyal N, Gupta S. Estrogen signalling and Alzheimer's disease: Decoding molecular mechanisms for therapeutic breakthrough. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3466-3490. [PMID: 38726764 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In females, Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidences increases as compared to males due to estrogen deficiency after menopause. Estrogen therapy is the mainstay therapy for menopause and associated complications. Estrogen, a hormone with multifaceted physiological functions, has been implicated in AD pathophysiology. Estrogen plays a crucial role in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and overall neuronal health by regulating various factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), intracellular calcium signalling, death domain-associated protein (Daxx) translocation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor, estrogen-metabolising enzymes and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) protein polymorphisms. All these factors impact the physiology of postmenopausal women. Estrogen replacement therapies play an important treatment strategy to prevent AD after menopause. However, use of these therapies may lead to increased risks of breast cancer, venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular disease. Various therapeutic approaches have been used to mitigate the effects of estrogen on AD. These include hormone replacement therapy, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs), Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ)-Selective Agonists, Transdermal Estrogen Delivery, Localised Estrogen Delivery, Combination Therapies, Estrogen Metabolism Modulation and Alternative Estrogenic Compounds like genistein from soy, a notable phytoestrogen from plant sources. However, mechanism via which these approaches modulate AD in postmenopausal women has not been explained earlier thoroughly. Present review will enlighten all the molecular mechanisms of estrogen and estrogen replacement therapies in AD. Along-with this, the association between estrogen, estrogen-metabolising enzymes and ApoE protein polymorphisms will also be discussed in postmenopausal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Manni Rohilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, Chaudhary Bansilal University, Bhiwani, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sheenam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Navjyoti Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
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Servín Muñoz IV, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M, González-Castillo C. Alterations in Proteostasis Mechanisms in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3806. [PMID: 38612616 PMCID: PMC11011983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) represents an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence rate of 1 in 150,000 live births, classified within lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The abnormal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol characterizes the pathophysiology of NPC. This phenomenon is not unique to NPC, as analogous accumulations have also been observed in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, disturbances in the folding of the mutant protein NPC1 I1061T are accompanied by the aggregation of proteins such as hyperphosphorylated tau, α-synuclein, TDP-43, and β-amyloid peptide. These accumulations suggest potential disruptions in proteostasis, a regulatory process encompassing four principal mechanisms: synthesis, folding, maintenance of folding, and protein degradation. The dysregulation of these processes leads to excessive accumulation of abnormal proteins that impair cell function and trigger cytotoxicity. This comprehensive review delineates reported alterations across proteostasis mechanisms in NPC, encompassing changes in processes from synthesis to degradation. Additionally, it discusses therapeutic interventions targeting pharmacological facets of proteostasis in NPC. Noteworthy among these interventions is valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that modulates acetylation during NPC1 synthesis. In addition, various therapeutic options addressing protein folding modulation, such as abiraterone acetate, DHBP, calnexin, and arimoclomol, are examined. Additionally, treatments impeding NPC1 degradation, exemplified by bortezomib and MG132, are explored as potential strategies. This review consolidates current knowledge on proteostasis dysregulation in NPC and underscores the therapeutic landscape targeting diverse facets of this intricate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Valeria Servín Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (M.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CiberNed), Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (M.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CiberNed), Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia González-Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
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Bhattacharyya R, Jha BK. Analyzing fuzzy boundary value problems: a study on the influence of mitochondria and ER fluxes on calcium ions in neuron cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024; 56:15-29. [PMID: 38064155 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Cytosolic-free calcium ions play an important role in various physical and physiological processes. A vital component of neural signaling is the free calcium ion concentration often known as the second messenger. There are many parameters that effect the cytosolic free calcium concentration like buffer, voltage-gated ion channels, Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, etc. Mitochondria are small organelles located within the nervous system that are involved in processes within cells such as calcium homeostasis management, energy generation, response to stress, and cell demise pathways. In this work, a mathematical model with fuzzy boundary values has been developed to study the effect of Mitochondria and ER fluxes on free Calcium ions. The intended findings are displayed utilizing the physiological understanding that amyloid beta plaques and tangles of neurofibrillary fibers have been identified as the two main causes of AD. The key conclusion of the work is the investigation of [Formula: see text] for healthy cells and cells affected by Alzheimer's disease, which may aid in the study of such processes for computational scientists and medical practitioners. Also, it has been shown that when a unique solution is found for a specific precise problem, it also successfully deals with any underlying ambiguity within the problem by utilizing a technique based on the principles of linear transformation. Furthermore, the comparison between the analytical approach and the generalized hukuhara derivative approach is shown here, which illustrates the benefits of the analytical approach. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Mathematics, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India.
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Rudge JD. The Lipid Invasion Model: Growing Evidence for This New Explanation of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221175. [PMID: 37302030 PMCID: PMC10357195 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Lipid Invasion Model (LIM) is a new hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) which argues that AD is a result of external lipid invasion to the brain, following damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The LIM provides a comprehensive explanation of the observed neuropathologies associated with the disease, including the lipid irregularities first described by Alois Alzheimer himself, and accounts for the wide range of risk factors now identified with AD, all of which are also associated with damage to the BBB. This article summarizes the main arguments of the LIM, and new evidence and arguments in support of it. The LIM incorporates and extends the amyloid hypothesis, the current main explanation of the disease, but argues that the greatest cause of late-onset AD is not amyloid-β (Aβ) but bad cholesterol and free fatty acids, let into the brain by a damaged BBB. It suggests that the focus on Aβ is the reason why we have made so little progress in treating the disease in the last 30 years. As well as offering new perspectives for further research into the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AD, based on protecting and repairing the BBB, the LIM provides potential new insights into other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease.
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Kim J, Seo S, Park JHY, Lee KW, Kim J, Kim JC. Ca 2+-Permeable TRPV1 Receptor Mediates Neuroprotective Effects in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease via BDNF/CREB Signaling Pathway. Mol Cells 2023; 46:319-328. [PMID: 37070458 PMCID: PMC10183797 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) protein is a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel known for its pain modulation pathway. In a previous study, it was discovered that a triple-transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model (3xTg-AD+/+) has anti-AD effects. The expression of proteins in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway in a 3xTg-AD/TRPV1 transgenic mice model was investigated to better understand the AD regulatory effect of TRPV1 deficiency. The results show that TRPV1 deficiency leads to CREB activation by increasing BDNF levels and promoting phosphorylation of tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (Akt), and CREB in the hippocampus. Additionally, TRPV1 deficiency-induced CREB activation increases the antiapoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) gene, which consequently downregulates Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) expression and decreases cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which leads to the prevention of hippocampal apoptosis. In conclusion, TRPV1 deficiency exhibits neuroprotective effects by preventing apoptosis through the BDNF/CREB signal transduction pathway in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyong Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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6
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Su C, Hou Y, Zhou M, Rajendran S, Maasch JRA, Abedi Z, Zhang H, Bai Z, Cuturrufo A, Guo W, Chaudhry FF, Ghahramani G, Tang J, Cheng F, Li Y, Zhang R, DeKosky ST, Bian J, Wang F. Biomedical discovery through the integrative biomedical knowledge hub (iBKH). iScience 2023; 26:106460. [PMID: 37020958 PMCID: PMC10068563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance of biomedical knowledge gained from biological experiments and clinical practices is an invaluable resource for biomedicine. The emerging biomedical knowledge graphs (BKGs) provide an efficient and effective way to manage the abundant knowledge in biomedical and life science. In this study, we created a comprehensive BKG called the integrative Biomedical Knowledge Hub (iBKH) by harmonizing and integrating information from diverse biomedical resources. To make iBKH easily accessible for biomedical research, we developed a web-based, user-friendly graphical portal that allows fast and interactive knowledge retrieval. Additionally, we also implemented an efficient and scalable graph learning pipeline for discovering novel biomedical knowledge in iBKH. As a proof of concept, we performed our iBKH-based method for computational in-silico drug repurposing for Alzheimer's disease. The iBKH is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Health Service Administration and Policy, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Manqi Zhou
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Suraj Rajendran
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biology & Medicine Program, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Zehra Abedi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Haotan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zilong Bai
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Winston Guo
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Fayzan F. Chaudhry
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gregory Ghahramani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jian Tang
- Mila-Quebec AI Institute and HEC Montreal, Montreal, QC H2S 3H1, Canada
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yue Li
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C6, Canada
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Yang F, Zhao J, Chen G, Han H, Hu S, Wang N, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Dai B, Hou Y, Liu Y. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of hydrazones as dual inhibitors of ryanodine receptors and acetylcholinesterases for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106432. [PMID: 36841050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) implicates neuronal loss, plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, and disturbed neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, which leads to severe dementia, memory loss, as well as thinking and behavioral perturbations that could ultimately lead to death. Calcium dysregulation and low acetylcholine levels are two main mechanisms implicated in Alzheimer's disease progression. Simultaneous inhibition of calcium oscillations (store overload-induced Ca2+ release [SOICR]) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by a single molecule may bring a new breath of hope for AD treatment. Here, we described some dantrolene derivatives as dual inhibitors of the ryanodine receptor and AChE. Two series of acylhydrazone/sulfonylhydrazone derivatives with aromaticgroup were designed and synthesized. In this study, the target compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit SOICR and AChE in vitro, using dantrolene and donepezil as positive controls. Compound 22a exhibited excellent and balanced inhibitory potency against SOICR (inhibition (%) = 90.1, IC50 = 0.162 μM) and AChE (inhibition (%) = 93.5, IC50 = 0.372 μM). Docking simulations showed that several preferred compounds could bind to the active sites of both the proteins, further validating the rationality of the design strategy. Potential therapeutic effects in AD were evaluated using the Barnes maze and Morris water maze tests, which demonstrated that compound 22a significantly improved memory and cognitive behavior in AD model mice. Moreover, it was also found that compound 22a could enhance synaptic strength by measuring hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in brain slices. These results suggested that the introduction of a sulfonyl-hydrazone scaffold and aromatic substitution to dantrolene derivatives provided a useful template for the development of potential chemical entities against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ningwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Junqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Baozhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Pawar A, Pardasani KR. Effect of disturbances in neuronal calcium and IP3 dynamics on β-amyloid production and degradation. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:239-256. [PMID: 36704637 PMCID: PMC9871154 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overproduction and accumulation of β-amyloid and its improper clearance can cause neurotoxicity leading to Alzheimer's disease. The production and degradation of β-amyloid depend on the calcium ([Ca2+]) and IP3 dynamics in the nerve cells. Thus, there is a need to understand the impacts of disturbances in the processes of [Ca2+] and IP3 dynamics on β-amyloid production and its degradation. Here, a model is proposed to investigate the role of [Ca2+] and IP3 dynamics on β-amyloid production and degradation. The problem is formulated in terms of the initial boundary value problem involving the system of two reaction-diffusion equations respectively for [Ca2+] and IP3 in the nerve cell. The solution is obtained by employing the Finite element approach. The numerical results are used to analyze the impact of various mechanisms of calcium and IP3 dynamics on β-amyloid production and degradation in a neuron cell. The results indicate that disturbances in any of the constitutive processes of interdependent calcium and IP3 dynamics like source influx, buffering, serca pump, and IP3 dynamics, etc. can cause dynamic changes in β-amyloid production and degradation, which in turn can be the cause of neurotoxicity and neuronal disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the relationships obtained by the proposed model among various mechanisms can be useful in addressing the challenges of identifying specific constitutive processes causing neuronal disorders like Alzheimer's disease, etc., and developing the framework for their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Pawar
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computer Applications, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462003 India
| | - Kamal Raj Pardasani
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computer Applications, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462003 India
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Hu Z, Wang X, Meng L, Liu W, Wu F, Meng X. Detection of Association Features Based on Gene Eigenvalues and MRI Imaging Using Genetic Weighted Random Forest. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2344. [PMID: 36553611 PMCID: PMC9777775 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD), jointly analyzing imaging data and genetic data provides an effective method to explore the potential biomarkers of AD. AD can be separated into healthy controls (HC), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and AD. In the meantime, identifying the important biomarkers of AD progression, and analyzing these biomarkers in AD provide valuable insights into understanding the mechanism of AD. In this paper, we present a novel data fusion method and a genetic weighted random forest method to mine important features. Specifically, we amplify the difference among AD, LMCI, EMCI and HC by introducing eigenvalues calculated from the gene p-value matrix for feature fusion. Furthermore, we construct the genetic weighted random forest using the resulting fused features. Genetic evolution is used to increase the diversity among decision trees and the decision trees generated are weighted by weights. After training, the genetic weighted random forest is analyzed further to detect the significant fused features. The validation experiments highlight the performance and generalization of our proposed model. We analyze the biological significance of the results and identify some significant genes (CSMD1, CDH13, PTPRD, MACROD2 and WWOX). Furthermore, the calcium signaling pathway, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and the glutamatergic synapse pathway were identified. The investigational findings demonstrate that our proposed model presents an accurate and efficient approach to identifying significant biomarkers in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Hu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Xuanyan Wang
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Li Meng
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Xianglian Meng
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
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10
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Segura-Uribe JJ, García-de la Torre P, Castillo-Mendieta T, Bribiesca-Cruz I, Orozco-Suárez S, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Pinto-Almazán R, Fuentes-Venado CE, Guerra-Araiza C. Tibolone Improves Memory and Decreases the Content of Amyloid-β Peptides and Tau Protein in the Hippocampus of a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1437-1447. [PMID: 36278346 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects women more than men and consequently has been associated with menopause. Tibolone (TIB) has been used as a hormone replacement therapy to alleviate climacteric symptoms. Neuroprotective effects of TIB have also been reported in some animal models. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect of TIB on memory and Aβ peptides and tau protein content in the hippocampus and cerebellum of transgenic 3xTgAD ovariectomized mice. METHODS Three-month-old female mice were ovariectomized. Ten days after surgery, animals were divided into four groups: wild-type (WT)+vehicle; WT+TIB (1 mg/kg); 3xTgAD+vehicle; and 3xTgAD+TIB (1 mg/kg). TIB was administered for three months, and memory was evaluated using the object-in-context recognition task. Subsequently, animals were decapitated, and the hippocampus and cerebellum were dissected. Using commercial ELISA kits, these brain structures were homogenized in a PBS buffer for quantifying Aβ40 and Aβ42 and phosphorylated and total tau.ResultsA long-term memory deficit was observed in the 3xTgAD+vehicle group. In contrast, TIB treatment improved long-term memory in the 3xTgAD+TIB group than those treated with vehicle (p < 0.05). Furthermore, TIB treatment decreased Aβ and tau content in the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice compared to vehicle-treated groups (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the cerebellum. CONCLUSION Chronic treatment with TIB showed neuroprotective effects and delayed AD neuropathology in the 3xTgAD mice. Our results support hormone replacement therapy with TIB in menopausal women for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Segura-Uribe
- Subdirección de Gestión de la Investigación, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Secretarya de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola García-de la Torre
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tzayaka Castillo-Mendieta
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacologya, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Bribiesca-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacologya, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia E Fuentes-Venado
- Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital General de Zona No 197, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacologya, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Lee GY, Kim OH, Kim ER, Lee HJ. Biomechanical forces in the aged brain: Relationship to AD. Life Sci 2022; 312:121237. [PMID: 36436618 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, has been studied with a focus on biochemical mechanisms, such as the amyloid-β plaque deposition and removal. Recently, the importance of brain microenvironmental cues, which comprise the sophisticated cellular and fluid system, has been emphasized in the aged brain or in pathological conditions. Especially, substrate rigidity and biomechanical forces of the brain microenvironment determine the function of glial cells and neurons; furthermore, these microenvironmental cues change with age. However, our understanding of role of the biomechanical cues on glial cells and neurons is relatively poor. In this review, we briefly introduce an overview of biomechanical forces that present in the aged brain and its sensations, and then examine the brain in Alzheimer's disease, which constitutes a representative neurodegenerative disorder, with regard to changes in the biomechanical forces associated with disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Yun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ran Kim
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Sugiura A, Kitamura M, Hasegawa Y. Calcium carbonate supplementation causes motor dysfunction. Exp Anim 2022; 71:399-410. [PMID: 35584940 PMCID: PMC9388334 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that a diet containing calcium carbonate causes impairments in spatial and recognition memory in mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium carbonate
supplementation on motor function. Motor function was determined using different tests that have been used to analyze different aspects of Parkinsonism. A catalepsy test for akinesia; a
muscular strength assessment, pole test, beam-walking test, and gait analysis for motor coordination and balance assessment; and an open-field test for locomotor activity assessment were
performed. The mice were fed diets containing 0.6% or 1.0% calcium carbonate for eight weeks, after which they were evaluated for motor functions. The diets containing calcium carbonate
caused significant motor dysfunction, as revealed by the different tests, although the spontaneous locomotor activity did not change. Calcium carbonate supplementation decreased the dopamine
content in the basal ganglia, including the striatum and substantia nigra, and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra. In addition, administration of
L-dopa led to at least a partial recovery of motor dysfunction, suggesting that calcium carbonate supplementation causes motor dysfunction by decreasing the dopamine content in the basal
ganglia. These results suggest that mice with calcium carbonate-induced motor dysfunction may be useful as a new animal model for Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Sugiura
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology
| | - Misa Kitamura
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology
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13
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Meng JX, Zhang Y, Saman D, Haider AM, De S, Sang JC, Brown K, Jiang K, Humphrey J, Julian L, Hidari E, Lee SF, Balmus G, Floto RA, Bryant CE, Benesch JLP, Ye Y, Klenerman D. Hyperphosphorylated tau self-assembles into amorphous aggregates eliciting TLR4-dependent responses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2692. [PMID: 35577786 PMCID: PMC9110413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein tau have been challenging to assemble and characterize, despite their important role in the development of tauopathies. We found that sequential hyperphosphorylation by protein kinase A in conjugation with either glycogen synthase kinase 3β or stress activated protein kinase 4 enabled recombinant wild-type tau of isoform 0N4R to spontaneously polymerize into small amorphous aggregates in vitro. We employed tandem mass spectrometry to determine the phosphorylation sites, high-resolution native mass spectrometry to measure the degree of phosphorylation, and super-resolution microscopy and electron microscopy to characterize the morphology of aggregates formed. Functionally, compared with the unmodified aggregates, which require heparin induction to assemble, these self-assembled hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates more efficiently disrupt membrane bilayers and induce Toll-like receptor 4-dependent responses in human macrophages. Together, our results demonstrate that hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates are potentially damaging to cells, suggesting a mechanism for how hyperphosphorylation could drive neuroinflammation in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan X Meng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominik Saman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arshad M Haider
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suman De
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neuroscience Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jason C Sang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen Brown
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric Hidari
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriel Balmus
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Andres Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yu Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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14
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Manukyan AL. Noise as a cause of neurodegenerative disorders: molecular and cellular mechanisms. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:2983-2993. [PMID: 35166975 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Noise as an environmental stressor becomes of increasing importance in our industrialized world, and especially traffic noise from the environment represents a potential novel neurodegenerative risk factor, as well as for hearing loss. A significant number of studies have been suggested that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has a complex role in stimulation of pathologic events. Experimental studies upon molecular pathways of traffic noise exposure proposed that it increased the level of stress hormones and mediated the inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) pathways resulting in endothelial and neuronal dysfunction. Studies have shown that neurons are especially sensitive to OS due to high polyunsaturated fatty acids content in membranes, high oxygen uptake, and weak antioxidant defense. However, OS induces the necrotic and apoptotic cell deaths in the cochlea. Chronic noise is one of the many overall reasons of obtained sensorineural hearing loss which destroys cognitive functions in human and animals, as well as suppresses neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Nevertheless, behavioral disorders caused by noise are mainly accompanied with oxidative stress, but the clear molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration due to disruption of the pro- and antioxidant systems is still not fully understood. This paper aims to highlight the down-stream pathophysiology of noise-induced mental disorders, including hearing loss, annoyance, anxiety, depression, memory loss, and Alzheimer's disease, describing the underlying mechanisms of induction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkhen L Manukyan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Koryun 2, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
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15
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Cho E, Youn K, Kwon H, Jeon J, Cho WS, Park SJ, Son SH, Jang DS, Shin CY, Moon M, Jun M, Kim NJ, Kim DH. Eugenitol ameliorates memory impairments in 5XFAD mice by reducing Aβ plaques and neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112763. [PMID: 35240526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by various pathological mechanisms; therefore, it is necessary to develop drugs that simultaneously act on multiple targets. In this study, we investigated the effects of eugenitol, which has anti-amyloid β (Aβ) and anti-neuroinflammatory effects, in an AD mouse model. We found that eugenitol potently inhibited Aβ plaque and oligomer formation. Moreover, eugenitol dissociated the preformed Aβ plaques and reduced Aβ-induced nero2a cell death. An in silico docking simulation study showed that eugenitol may interact with Aβ1-42 monomers and fibrils. Eugenitol showed radical scavenging effects and potently reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines from lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells. Systemic administration of eugenitol blocked Aβ aggregate-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze test in a dose-dependent manner. In 5XFAD mice, prolonged administration of eugenitol ameliorated memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation impairment. Moreover, eugenitol significantly reduced Aβ deposits and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. These results suggest that eugenitol, which has anti-Aβ aggregation, Aβ fibril dissociation, and anti-inflammatory effects, potently modulates AD-like pathologies in 5XFAD mice, and could be a promising candidate for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Republic of Korea, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Rudge JD. A New Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease: The Lipid Invasion Model. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:129-161. [PMID: 35530118 PMCID: PMC9028744 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a new hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the lipid invasion model. It argues that AD results from external influx of free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipid-rich lipoproteins into the brain, following disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The lipid invasion model explains how the influx of albumin-bound FFAs via a disrupted BBB induces bioenergetic changes and oxidative stress, stimulates microglia-driven neuroinflammation, and causes anterograde amnesia. It also explains how the influx of external lipoproteins, which are much larger and more lipid-rich, especially more cholesterol-rich, than those normally present in the brain, causes endosomal-lysosomal abnormalities and overproduction of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ). This leads to the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the most well-known hallmarks of AD. The lipid invasion model argues that a key role of the BBB is protecting the brain from external lipid access. It shows how the BBB can be damaged by excess Aβ, as well as by most other known risk factors for AD, including aging, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), and lifestyle factors such as hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes, chronic sleep deprivation, stress, and head injury. The lipid invasion model gives a new rationale for what we already know about AD, explaining its many associated risk factors and neuropathologies, including some that are less well-accounted for in other explanations of AD. It offers new insights and suggests new ways to prevent, detect, and treat this destructive disease and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D’Arcy Rudge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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17
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L Pall M. Low Intensity Electromagnetic Fields Act via Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Activation to Cause Very Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease: 18 Distinct Types of Evidence. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:119-132. [PMID: 35114921 PMCID: PMC9189734 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220202114510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electronically generated electromagnetic fields (EMFs) including those used in wireless communication such as cell phones, Wi-Fi and smart meters, are coherent, producing very high electric and magnetic forces which act on the voltage sensor of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. The calcium hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shown that each of the important AD-specific and nonspecific causal elements are produced by excessive [Ca2+]i. [Ca2+]i acts in AD via excessive calcium signaling and the peroxynitrite/oxidative stress/inflammation pathway which are each elevated by EMFs. An apparent vicious cycle in AD involves amyloid-beta protein (A) and [Ca2+]i. Three types of epidemiology each suggest EMF causation of AD including early onset AD. Extensive animal model studies show that low intensity EMFs cause neurodegeneration including AD, with AD animals having elevated levels of A, amyloid precursor protein and BACE1. Rats exposed to pulsed EMFs every day are reported to develop universal or near universal very very very early onset neurodegeneration including AD; these findings are superficially similar to humans with digital dementia. EMFs producing modest increases in [Ca2+]i can also produce protective, therapeutic effects. The therapeutic pathway and peroxynitrite pathway inhibit each other. A summary of 18 different findings is provided, which collectively provide powerful evidence for EMF causation of AD. The author is concerned that smarter, more highly pulsed "smart" wireless communication may cause widespread very, very early onset AD in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Pall
- Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry & Basic Medical Sciences Washington State University Mailing Address: 638 NE 41stst Ave., Portland OR 97232, USA
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18
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Ben Bakrim W, El Bouzidi L, Manouze H, Hafsa J, Sobeh M, Ba-M'hamed S, Bekkouche K, Kouisni L. Anti-amnesic effects of withaferin A, a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania adpressa, on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Kim HJ, Jung YS, Jung YJ, Kim OH, Oh BC. High-Phytate Diets Increase Amyloid β Deposition and Apoptotic Neuronal Cell Death in a Rat Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:4370. [PMID: 34959925 PMCID: PMC8709321 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the hippocampus is an essential event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Insoluble Aβ is formed through the sequential proteolytic hydrolysis of the Aβ precursor protein, which is cleaved by proteolytic secretases. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of Aβ accumulation remain elusive. Here, we report that rats fed high-phytate diets showed Aβ accumulation and increased apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus through the activation of the amyloidogenic pathway in the hippocampus. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that the overexpression of BACE1 β-secretase, a critical enzyme for Aβ generation, exacerbated the hippocampal Aβ accumulation in rats fed high-phytate diets. Moreover, we identified that parathyroid hormone, a physiological hormone responding to the phytate-mediated dysregulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, plays an essential role in the transcriptional activation of the Aβ precursor protein and BACE1 through the vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor axis. Thus, our findings suggest that phytate-mediated dysregulation of calcium and phosphate is a substantial risk factor for elevated Aβ accumulation and apoptotic neuronal cell death in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yun-Shin Jung
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yun-Jae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea;
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
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20
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Therapeutic potential of nanoemulsions as feasible wagons for targeting Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2881-2888. [PMID: 34332094 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible dementia state with characteristic clinical manifestations, including declining cognitive skills and loss of memory, which particularly affects the older population. Despite significant efforts in the field of nano-based drug delivery, there have been few successes achieved in the design of a rational drug therapy. Nanoemulsions (NEs) have potential for the delivery of AD therapeutics owing to their capability for brain drug delivery. Still, there is a long way to go before such therapeutics become a reality in the clinic. In this review, we highlight the preclinical assessment of NEs for AD and discuss the regulatory constraints to their clinical acceptance.
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21
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Ji Z, Liu C, Zhao W, Soto C, Zhou X. Multi-scale modeling for systematically understanding the key roles of microglia in AD development. Comput Biol Med 2021; 133:104374. [PMID: 33864975 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related dementia, affecting over 5 million people in the United States. Unfortunately, current therapies are largely palliative and several potential drug candidates have failed in late-stage clinical trials. Studies suggest that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation might be responsible for the failures of various therapies. Microglia contribute to Aβ clearance in the early stage of neurodegeneration and may contribute to AD development at the late stage by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the activation profile and phenotypic changes of microglia during the development of AD are poorly understood. To systematically understand the key role of microglia in AD progression and predict the optimal therapeutic strategy in silico, we developed a 3D multi-scale model of AD (MSMAD) by integrating multi-level experimental data, to manipulate the neurodegeneration in a simulated system. Based on our analysis, we revealed that how TREM2-related signal transduction leads to an imbalance in the activation of different microglia phenotypes, thereby promoting AD development. Our MSMAD model also provides an optimal therapeutic strategy for improving the outcome of AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ji
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Changan Liu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease & Brain Disorder, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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22
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Elevating the Levels of Calcium Ions Exacerbate Alzheimer's Disease via Inducing the Production and Aggregation of β-Amyloid Protein and Phosphorylated Tau. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115900. [PMID: 34072743 PMCID: PMC8198078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high incidence rate. The main pathological features of AD are β-amyloid plaques (APs), which are formed by β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are formed by the excessive phosphorylation of the tau protein. Although a series of studies have shown that the accumulation of metal ions, including calcium ions (Ca2+), can promote the formation of APs and NFTs, there is no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD. In view of this, the current review summarizes the mechanisms by which Ca2+ is transported into and out of cells and organelles, such as the cell, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes to affect the balance of intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, dyshomeostasis of Ca2+ plays an important role in modulating the pathogenesis of AD by influencing the production and aggregation of Aβ peptides and tau protein phosphorylation and the ways that disrupting the metabolic balance of Ca2+ can affect the learning ability and memory of people with AD. In addition, the effects of these mechanisms on the synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Finally, the molecular network through which Ca2+ regulates the pathogenesis of AD is introduced, providing a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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Zhang X, Alshakhshir N, Zhao L. Glycolytic Metabolism, Brain Resilience, and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:662242. [PMID: 33994936 PMCID: PMC8113697 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.662242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia. Despite decades of research, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD are not well understood. Brain glucose hypometabolism has long been recognized as a prominent anomaly that occurs in the preclinical stage of AD. Recent studies suggest that glycolytic metabolism, the cytoplasmic pathway of the breakdown of glucose, may play a critical role in the development of AD. Glycolysis is essential for a variety of neural activities in the brain, including energy production, synaptic transmission, and redox homeostasis. Decreased glycolytic flux has been shown to correlate with the severity of amyloid and tau pathology in both preclinical and clinical AD patients. Moreover, increased glucose accumulation found in the brains of AD patients supports the hypothesis that glycolytic deficit may be a contributor to the development of this phenotype. Brain hyperglycemia also provides a plausible explanation for the well-documented link between AD and diabetes. Humans possess three primary variants of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene - ApoE∗ϵ2, ApoE∗ϵ3, and ApoE∗ϵ4 - that confer differential susceptibility to AD. Recent findings indicate that neuronal glycolysis is significantly affected by human ApoE isoforms and glycolytic robustness may serve as a major mechanism that renders an ApoE2-bearing brain more resistant against the neurodegenerative risks for AD. In addition to AD, glycolytic dysfunction has been observed in other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, strengthening the concept of glycolytic dysfunction as a common pathway leading to neurodegeneration. Taken together, these advances highlight a promising translational opportunity that involves targeting glycolysis to bolster brain metabolic resilience and by such to alter the course of brain aging or disease development to prevent or reduce the risks for not only AD but also other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Nadine Alshakhshir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Siddappaji KK, Gopal S. Molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease and the impact of physical exercise with advancements in therapeutic approaches. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:357-389. [PMID: 34183987 PMCID: PMC8222772 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common, severe neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles in the brain causing neural disintegration, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death leading to dementia. Although many US-FDA-approved drugs like Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine are available in the market, their consumption reduces only the symptoms of the disease but fails in potency to cure the disease. This disease affects many individuals with aging. Combating the disease tends to be very expensive. This review focuses on biochemical mechanisms in the neuron both at normal and AD state with relevance to the tau hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, the risk factors influencing dementia, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation altogether integrated with neurodegeneration. A brief survey is carried out on available biomarkers in the diagnosis of the disease, drugs used for the treatment, and the challenges in approaching therapeutic targets in inhibiting the disease pathologies. This review conjointly assesses the demerits with the inefficiency of drugs to reach targets, their side effects, and toxicity. Optimistically, this review directs on the advantageous strategies in using nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to cross the blood-brain barrier for improving the efficacy of drugs combined with a novel neuronal stem cell therapy approach. Determinately, this review aims at the natural, non-therapeutic healing impact of physical exercise on different model organisms and the effect of safe neuromodulation treatments using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) in humans to control the disease pathologies prominent in enhancing the synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubha Gopal
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
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25
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Lee K, Jo YY, Chung G, Jung JH, Kim YH, Park CK. Functional Importance of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:611773. [PMID: 33748103 PMCID: PMC7969799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.611773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are transmembrane protein complexes that play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nerve system (PNS). TRP channels function as non-selective cation channels that are activated by several chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli as well as by pH, osmolarity, and several endogenous or exogenous ligands, second messengers, and signaling molecules. On the pathophysiological side, these channels have been shown to play essential roles in the reproductive system, kidney, pancreas, lung, bone, intestine, as well as in neuropathic pain in both the CNS and PNS. In this context, TRP channels have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epilepsy. Herein, we focus on the latest involvement of TRP channels, with a special emphasis on the recently identified functional roles of TRP channels in neurological disorders related to the disruption in calcium ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Lee
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Youn Yi Jo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Gehoon Chung
- Department of Oral Physiology and Program in Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Jung
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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26
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Design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel semicarbazones as potent Ryanodine receptor1 inhibitors of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Chami M, Checler F. Alterations of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Calcium Signaling Molecular Components in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122577. [PMID: 33271984 PMCID: PMC7760721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained imbalance in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) entry and clearance alters cellular integrity, ultimately leading to cellular homeostasis disequilibrium and cell death. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Beside the major pathological features associated with AD-linked toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), several studies suggested the contribution of altered Ca2+ handling in AD development. These studies documented physical or functional interactions of Aβ with several Ca2+ handling proteins located either at the plasma membrane or in intracellular organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), considered the major intracellular Ca2+ pool. In this review, we describe the cellular components of ER Ca2+ dysregulations likely responsible for AD. These include alterations of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors’ (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors’ (RyRs) expression and function, dysfunction of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity and upregulation of its truncated isoform (S1T), as well as presenilin (PS1, PS2)-mediated ER Ca2+ leak/ER Ca2+ release potentiation. Finally, we highlight the functional consequences of alterations of these ER Ca2+ components in AD pathology and unravel the potential benefit of targeting ER Ca2+ homeostasis as a tool to alleviate AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Chami
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4939-53457; Fax: +33-4939-53408
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28
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Ghoweri AO, Ouillette L, Frazier HN, Anderson KL, Lin RL, Gant JC, Parent R, Moore S, Murphy GG, Thibault O. Electrophysiological and Imaging Calcium Biomarkers of Aging in Male and Female 5×FAD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1419-1438. [PMID: 33164928 PMCID: PMC7836067 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal models and tissue preparations, calcium dyshomeostasis is a biomarker of aging and Alzheimer's disease that is associated with synaptic dysfunction, neuritic pruning, and dysregulated cellular processes. It is unclear, however, whether the onset of calcium dysregulation precedes, is concurrent with, or is the product of pathological cellular events (e.g., oxidation, amyloid-β production, and neuroinflammation). Further, neuronal calcium dysregulation is not always present in animal models of amyloidogenesis, questioning its reliability as a disease biomarker. OBJECTIVE Here, we directly tested for the presence of calcium dysregulation in dorsal hippocampal neurons in male and female 5×FAD mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background using sharp electrodes coupled with Oregon-green Bapta-1 imaging. We focused on three ages that coincide with the course of amyloid deposition: 1.5, 4, and 10 months old. METHODS Outcome variables included measures of the afterhyperpolarization, short-term synaptic plasticity, and calcium kinetics during synaptic activation. Quantitative analyses of spatial learning and memory were also conducted using the Morris water maze. Main effects of sex, age, and genotype were identified on measures of electrophysiology and calcium imaging. RESULTS Measures of resting Oregon-green Bapta-1 fluorescence showed significant reductions in the 5×FAD group compared to controls. Deficits in spatial memory, along with increases in Aβ load, were detectable at older ages, allowing us to test for temporal associations with the onset of calcium dysregulation. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that reduced, rather than elevated, neuronal calcium is identified in this 5×FAD model and suggests that this surprising result may be a novel biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam O Ghoweri
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lara Ouillette
- 5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hilaree N Frazier
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Katie L Anderson
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ruei-Lung Lin
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John C Gant
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rachel Parent
- 5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shannon Moore
- 5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- 5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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29
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Cho HM, Ha TKQ, Doan TP, Dhodary B, An JP, Lee BW, Yang JL, Oh WK. Neuroprotective Effects of Triterpenoids from Camellia japonica against Amyloid β-Induced Neuronal Damage. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2076-2086. [PMID: 32569471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurocognitive impairment affecting human mental capacity, is related to the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. In addition to modern therapies approved for AD treatment, natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been studied for their potential to prevent AD pathogenesis. Six new noroleanane triterpenoids from the fruit peels of Camellia japonica were isolated, and their structures were determined by diverse spectroscopic methods. The neuroprotective effects of the six new compounds were tested against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in mouse hippocampal and microglial cells. In the model of HT22-transfected cells, compounds 1-4 showed strongly neuroprotective effects via antioxidant response element gene activation and decreased the level of glutamate uptake. Compounds 1-4 also appeared to have strong inhibitory effects on NO production in Aβ1-42-transfected BV2 microglial cells. A docking simulation study was used to explain the inhibitory effects of compounds 1-4 on β-secretase 1 (BACE1). Noroleanane triterpenoids 1-4 had potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects against Aβ-induced neuronal damage. The structure-activity relationships of the 30 oleanane triterpenoids from C. japonica were assessed in a model of Aβ1-42-transfected HT22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Kim-Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Natural Sciences, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Phuong Doan
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Basanta Dhodary
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Pyo An
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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30
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Sato K, Mano T, Ihara R, Suzuki K, Tomita N, Arai H, Ishii K, Senda M, Ito K, Ikeuchi T, Kuwano R, Matsuda H, Iwatsubo T, Toda T, Iwata A. Lower Serum Calcium as a Potentially Associated Factor for Conversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Early Alzheimer's Disease in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:777-788. [PMID: 30814351 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect of serum calcium level to the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conversion to early Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To investigate association between baseline serum calcium and the MCI conversion in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (J-ADNI) study cohort. METHODS In this sub-analysis of J-ADNI study, we reviewed data from MCI participants at baseline regarding their conversion to early AD during the 3 years of observation period and assessed the associated factors including serum calcium level. In addition, we compared our results from the J-ADNI study with the corresponding results from the North American (NA)-ADNI. RESULTS Of 234 eligible MCI participants from the J-ADNI cohort, 121 (51.7%) converted to AD during the first 36 months of observation. Using univariate analysis, being female, having shorter years of education, and lower serum calcium level were correlated with increased risk of MCI-to-AD conversion exclusively in J-ADNI cohort. The lower corrected serum calcium level remained as one of conversion-associated factors in the J-ADNI cohort even after adjustment for multiple confounding variables, although this was not observed in the NA-ADNI cohort. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that lower serum calcium may be associated with an increased risk of MCI conversion to AD in Japanese cohorts. The reason for this correlation remains unclear and further external validation using other Asian cohorts is needed. It would be interesting for future AD studies to obtain serum calcium levels and other related factors, such as vitamin D levels, culture-specific dietary or medication information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ihara
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tomita
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Senda
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kengo Ito
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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S100A6 and Its Brain Ligands in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113979. [PMID: 32492924 PMCID: PMC7313082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100A6 protein is present in different mammalian cells and tissues including the brain. It binds Ca2+ and Zn2+ and interacts with many target proteins/ligands. The best characterized ligands of S100A6, expressed at high level in the brain, include CacyBP/SIP and Sgt1. Research concerning the functional role of S100A6 and these two ligands indicates that they are involved in various signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, cytoskeletal organization, and others. In this review, we focused on the expression/localization of these proteins in the brain and on their possible role in neurodegenerative diseases. Published results demonstrate that S100A6, CacyBP/SIP, and Sgt1 are expressed in various brain structures and in the spinal cord and can be found in different cell types including neurons and astrocytes. When it comes to their possible involvement in nervous system pathology, it is evident that their expression/level and/or subcellular localization is changed when compared to normal conditions. Among diseases in which such changes have been observed are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), epileptogenesis, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and others.
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32
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Orem BC, Partain SB, Stirling DP. Inhibiting store-operated calcium entry attenuates white matter secondary degeneration following SCI. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 136:104718. [PMID: 31846736 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration plays a key role in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological disorders including spinal cord injury. After the irreversible destruction of the white matter elements during the primary (mechanical) injury, spared axons and their supporting glial cells begin to breakdown causing an expansion of the lesion site. Here we mechanistically link external sources of calcium entry through axoplasmic reticulum calcium store depletion that contributes to secondary axonal degeneration through a process called store-operated calcium entry. There is increasing evidence suggesting that store-operated calcium entry impairment is responsible for numerous disorders. Nevertheless, its role following spinal cord injury remains poorly understood. We hypothesize that store-operated calcium entry mediates secondary white matter degeneration after spinal cord injury. We used our previously published model of laser-induced spinal cord injury to focally transect mid cervical dorsal column axons from live 6-8-week-old heterozygous CNPaseGFP/+: Thy1YFP+ double transgenic murine spinal cord preparations (five treated, eight controls) and documented the dynamic changes in axons over time using two-photon excitation microscopy. We report that 1 hour delayed treatment with YM-58483, a potent inhibitor of store-operated calcium entry, significantly decreased intra-axonal calcium accumulation, axonal dieback both proximal and distal to the lesion site, reduced secondary axonal "bystander" damage acutely after injury, and promoted greater oligodendrocyte survival compared to controls. We also targeted store-operated calcium entry following a clinically relevant contusion spinal cord injury model in vivo. Adult, 6-8-week-old Advillin-Cre: Ai9 mice were subjected to a mild 30 kdyn contusion and imaged to observe secondary axonal degeneration in live animals. We found that delayed treatment with YM-58483 increased axonal survival and reduced axonal spheroid formation compared to controls (n = 5 mice per group). These findings suggest that blocking store-operated calcium entry acutely is neuroprotective and introduces a novel target to prevent pathological calcium entry following spinal cord injury using a clinically relevant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C Orem
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Steven B Partain
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - David P Stirling
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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33
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Moreira GG, Cristóvão JS, Torres VM, Carapeto AP, Rodrigues MS, Landrieu I, Cordeiro C, Gomes CM. Zinc Binding to Tau Influences Aggregation Kinetics and Oligomer Distribution. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235979. [PMID: 31783644 PMCID: PMC6928861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are well known modulators of protein aggregation and are key players in Alzheimer’s Disease, being found to be associated to pathologic protein deposits in diseased brains. Therefore, understanding how metals influence amyloid aggregation is critical in establishing molecular mechanisms that underlie disease onset and progression. Here, we report data on the interaction of full-length human Tau protein with calcium and zinc ions, evidencing that Tau self-assembly is differently regulated, depending on the type of bound metal ion. We established that Tau binds 4 Zn2+ and 1 Ca2+ per monomer while using native mass spectrometry analysis, without inducing order or substantial conformational changes in the intrinsically disordered Tau, as determined by structural analysis using circular dichroism and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopies. However, Tau aggregation is found to proceed differently in the calcium- and -zinc bound forms. While the rate of aggregation, as determined from thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence kinetics, is highly increased in both cases, the reaction proceeds via different mechanisms, as evidenced by the absence of the lag phase in the reaction of zinc-bound Tau. Monitoring Tau aggregation using native mass spectrometry indeed evidenced a distinct distribution of Tau conformers along the reaction, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering analysis. We propose that such differences arise from zinc binding at distinct locations within the Tau sequence that prompt both the rapid formation of seeding oligomers through interactions at high affinity sites within the repeat domains, as well as amorphous aggregation, through low affinity interactions with residues elsewhere in the sequence, including at the fuzzy coat domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G. Moreira
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.G.M.); (J.S.C.); (A.P.C.); (M.S.R.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Joana S. Cristóvão
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.G.M.); (J.S.C.); (A.P.C.); (M.S.R.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Vukosava M. Torres
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.M.T.); (C.C.)
- FTICR e Structural MS laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Carapeto
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.G.M.); (J.S.C.); (A.P.C.); (M.S.R.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário S. Rodrigues
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.G.M.); (J.S.C.); (A.P.C.); (M.S.R.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8576, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.M.T.); (C.C.)
- FTICR e Structural MS laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M. Gomes
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.G.M.); (J.S.C.); (A.P.C.); (M.S.R.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.M.T.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217500971
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Pushie MJ, Stefaniak E, Sendzik MR, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Haas KL. Using N-Terminal Coordination of Cu(II) and Ni(II) to Isolate the Coordination Environment of Cu(I) and Cu(II) Bound to His13 and His14 in Amyloid-β(4-16). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15138-15154. [PMID: 31657204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is a cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein and has been implicated as a central player in Alzheimer's disease. The N-terminal end of Aβ is variable, and different proportions of these variable-length Aβ peptides are present in healthy individuals and those with the disease. The N-terminally truncated form of Aβ starting at position 4 (Aβ4-x) has a His residue as the third amino acid (His6 using the formal Aβ numbering). The N-terminal sequence Xaa-Xaa-His is known as an amino terminal copper and nickel binding motif (ATCUN), which avidly binds Cu(II). This motif is not present in the commonly studied Aβ1-x peptides. In addition to the ATCUN site, Aβ4-x contains an additional metal binding site located at the tandem His residues (bis-His at His13 and 14) which is also found in other isoforms of Aβ. Using the ATCUN and bis-His motifs, the Aβ4-x peptide is capable of binding multiple metal ions simultaneously. We confirm that Cu(II) bound to this particular ATCUN site is redox silent, but the second Cu(II) site is redox active and can be readily reduced with ascorbate. We have employed surrogate metal ions to block copper coordination at the ATCUN or the tandem His site in order to isolate spectral features of the copper coordination environment for structural characterization using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. This approach reveals that each copper coordination environment is independent in the Cu2Aβ4-x state. The identification of two functionally different copper binding environments within the Aβ4-x sequence may have important implications for this peptide in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 , Canada
| | - Ewelina Stefaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Saint Mary's College , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Pawińskiego 5a , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Madison R Sendzik
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Saint Mary's College , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Saint Mary's College , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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35
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Kashid SM, Singh RK, Kwon H, Kim YS, Mukherjee A, Bagchi S. Arresting an Unusual Amide Tautomer Using Divalent Cations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8419-8424. [PMID: 31532998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion-specific effects on peptides and proteins are key to biomolecular structure and stability. The subtle roles of the cations are far less understood, compared to the pronounced effects of the anions on proteins. Most importantly, divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ are crucial to several biological functions. Herein, we demonstrate that an amide-iminolate equilibrium is triggered by the binding of the divalent cations to the amide oxygen in aqueous solution. The excellent agreement between the experimental and theoretical results confirms the arrest of an unusual amide tautomer by the divalent cations, which is a rarely known phenomenon that might open up an array of applications in chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath M Kashid
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad - 201002 , India
| | - Reman K Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411008 , India
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Yung Sam Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411008 , India
| | - Sayan Bagchi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad - 201002 , India
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36
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Aliev G, Ashraf GM, Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Leszek J, Gasiorowski K, Makhmutovа A, Baeesa SS, Avila-Rodriguez M, Ustyugov AA, Bachurin SO. Alzheimer's Disease - Future Therapy Based on Dendrimers. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:288-294. [PMID: 30227819 PMCID: PMC6425077 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180918164623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the loss of neurons. It is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population accompanied by pathological degeneration of neurofibrillary tangles. Senile plaques are formed with beta-amyloid, hyperphosphoryled tau protein, apo-lipoprotein E and presenilin associated with protease activity [amyloid beta (Aβ), gamma-secretase (γS)]. The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration include apoptosis, oxidative stress (free radical generation), inflammation, immune activa-tion, and others. The lack of effective treatments for AD stems mainly from the incomplete understanding the causes of AD. Currently, there are several hypotheses explaining the early mechanisms of AD pathogenesis. Recent years witnessed an un-precedented research growth in the area of nanotechnology, which uses atomic, molecular and macromolecular methods to create products in microscale (nanoscale) dimensions. In this article, we have discussed the role of nanotechnology in the de-velopment and improvement of techniques for early diagnosis and effective treatment of AD. Since AD pathology is practi-cally irreversible, applications of disease-modifying treatments could be successful only if early diagnosis of AD is available. This review highlights various possibilities for the early diagnosis and therapy of AD and investigates potential adaptation of nanoparticles-dendrimers as a class of well-defined branched polymers that are chemically synthesized with a well-defined shape, size and nanoscopic physicochemical properties reminiscent of the proteins for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjumrakch Aliev
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC., 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX, 78229, United States.,School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, E. Johns Crossing, #175, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, United States.,Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation.,Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Gasiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alfiya Makhmutovа
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Saleh Salem Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Avila-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Colombia
| | - Aleksey A Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
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37
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Abid NB, Naseer MI, Kim MO. Comparative Gene-Expression Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Progression with Aging in Transgenic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051219. [PMID: 30862043 PMCID: PMC6429175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory dysfunction and a decline in cognition. One of the biggest challenges to study the pathological process at a molecular level is that there is no simple, cost-effective, and comprehensive gene-expression analysis tool. The present study provides the most detailed (Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) RT-PCR-based gene-expression assay, encompassing important genes, based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) disease pathway. This study analyzed age-dependent disease progression by focusing on pathological events such as the processing of the amyloid precursor protein, tau pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, disrupted calcium signaling, inflammation, and apoptosis. Messenger RNA was extracted from the cortex and hippocampal region of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Samples were divided into three age groups, six-, nine-, and 12-month-old transgenic mice, and they were compared with normal C57BL/6J mice of respective age groups. Findings of this study provide the opportunity to design a simple, effective, and accurate clinical analysis tool that can not only provide deeper insight into the disease, but also act as a clinical diagnostic tool for its better diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Bin Abid
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
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Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin mutants and intracellular Ca 2+ handling: A single-organelle, FRET-based analysis. Cell Calcium 2019; 79:44-56. [PMID: 30822648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis represents an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presenilin-1 and -2 (PS1 and PS2) mutations, the major cause of familial AD (FAD), have been extensively associated with alterations in different Ca2+ signaling pathways, in particular those handled by storage compartments. However, FAD-PSs effect on organelles Ca2+ content is still debated and the mechanism of action of mutant proteins is unclear. To fulfil the need of a direct investigation of intracellular stores Ca2+ dynamics, we here present a detailed and quantitative single-cell analysis of FAD-PSs effects on organelle Ca2+ handling using specifically targeted, FRET (Fluorescence/Förster Resonance Energy Transfer)-based Ca2+ indicators. In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and in patient-derived fibroblasts expressing different FAD-PSs mutations, we directly measured Ca2+ concentration within the main intracellular Ca2+ stores, e.g., Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Golgi Apparatus (GA) medial- and trans-compartment. We unambiguously demonstrate that the expression of FAD-PS2 mutants, but not FAD-PS1, in either SH-SY5Y cells or FAD patient-derived fibroblasts, is able to alter Ca2+ handling of ER and medial-GA, but not trans-GA, reducing, compared to control cells, the Ca2+ content within these organelles by partially blocking SERCA (Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) activity. Moreover, by using a cytosolic Ca2+ probe, we show that the expression of both FAD-PS1 and -PS2 reduces the Ca2+ influx activated by stores depletion (Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry; SOCE), by decreasing the expression levels of one of the key molecules, STIM1 (STromal Interaction Molecule 1), controlling this pathway. Our data indicate that FAD-linked PSs mutants differentially modulate the Ca2+ content of intracellular stores yet leading to a complex dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, which represents a common disease phenotype of AD.
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39
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40
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Kreiner G. What have we learned recently from transgenic mouse models about neurodegeneration? The most promising discoveries of this millennium. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:1105-1115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Noble JW, Almalki R, Roe SM, Wagner A, Duman R, Atack JR. The X-ray structure of human calbindin-D28K: an improved model. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2018; 74:1008-1014. [PMID: 30289411 PMCID: PMC6173056 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318011610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calbindin-D28K is a widely expressed calcium-buffering cytoplasmic protein that is involved in many physiological processes. It has been shown to interact with other proteins, suggesting a role as a calcium sensor. Many of the targets of calbindin-D28K are of therapeutic interest: for example, inositol monophosphatase, the putative target of lithium therapy in bipolar disorder. Presented here is the first crystal structure of human calbindin-D28K. There are significant deviations in the tertiary structure when compared with the NMR structure of rat calbindin-D28K (PDB entry 2g9b), despite 98% sequence identity. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicates that the crystal structure better predicts the properties of calbindin-D28K in solution compared with the NMR structure. Here, the first direct visualization of the calcium-binding properties of calbindin-D28K is presented. Four of the six EF-hands that make up the secondary structure of the protein contain a calcium-binding site. Two distinct conformations of the N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding site were identified using long-wavelength calcium single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD). This flexible region has previously been recognized as a protein-protein interaction interface. SAXS data collected in both the presence and absence of calcium indicate that there are no large structural differences in the globular structure of calbindin-D28K between the calcium-loaded and unloaded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Noble
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University Of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, England
| | - Rehab Almalki
- School Of Life Sciences, University Of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, England
| | - S. Mark Roe
- School Of Life Sciences, University Of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, England
| | - Armin Wagner
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, England
| | - Ramona Duman
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, England
| | - John R. Atack
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
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42
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Tong BCK, Wu AJ, Li M, Cheung KH. Calcium signaling in Alzheimer's disease & therapies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1745-1760. [PMID: 30059692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Much attention has been given to develop AD treatments based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis; however, none of these drugs had good efficacy at improving cognitive functions in AD patients suggesting that Aβ might not be the disease origin. Thus, there are urgent needs for the development of new therapies that target on the proximal cause of AD. Cellular calcium (Ca2+) signals regulate important facets of neuronal physiology. An increasing body of evidence suggests that age-related dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis may play a proximal role in the pathogenesis of AD as disrupted Ca2+ could induce synaptic deficits and promote the accumulation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Given that Ca2+ disruption is ubiquitously involved in all AD pathologies, it is likely that using chemical agents or small molecules specific to Ca2+ channels or handling proteins on the plasma membrane and membranes of intracellular organelles to correct neuronal Ca2+ dysregulation could open up a new approach to AD prevention and treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking Ca2+ dysregulation with AD pathologies and discusses the possibility of correcting neuronal Ca2+ disruption as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aston Jiaxi Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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43
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Cascella R, Evangelisti E, Bigi A, Becatti M, Fiorillo C, Stefani M, Chiti F, Cecchi C. Soluble Oligomers Require a Ganglioside to Trigger Neuronal Calcium Overload. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:923-938. [PMID: 28922156 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An altered distribution of membrane gangliosides (GM), including GM1, has recently been reported in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Moreover, amyloid-positive synaptosomes obtained from AD brains were found to contain high-density GM1 clusters, suggesting a pathological significance of GM1 increase at presynaptic neuritic terminals in AD. Here, we show that membrane GM1 specifically recruits small soluble oligomers of the 42-residue form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42), with intracellular flux of Ca2+ ions in primary rat hippocampal neurons and in human neuroblastoma cells. Specific membrane proteins appear to be involved in the early and transient influx of Ca2+ ions induced by Aβ42 oligomers with high solvent-exposed hydrophobicity (A+), but not in the sustained late influx of the same oligomers and in that induced by Aβ42 oligomers with low solvent-exposed hydrophobicity (A-) in GM1-enriched cells. In addition, A+ oligomers accumulate in proximity of membrane NMDA and AMPA receptors, inducing the early and transient Ca2+ influx, although FRET shows that the interaction is not direct. These results suggest that age-dependent clustering of GM1 within neuronal membranes could induce neurodegeneration in elderly people as a consequence of an increased ability of the lipid bilayers to recruit membrane-permeabilizing oligomers. We also show that both lipid and protein components of the plasma membrane can contribute to neuronal dysfunction, thus expanding the molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Evangelisti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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44
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Britzolaki A, Saurine J, Flaherty E, Thelen C, Pitychoutis PM. The SERCA2: A Gatekeeper of Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis in the Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:981-994. [PMID: 29663107 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are prominent cell signaling regulators that carry information for a variety of cellular processes and are critical for neuronal survival and function. Furthermore, Ca2+ acts as a prominent second messenger that modulates divergent intracellular cascades in the nerve cells. Therefore, nerve cells have developed intricate Ca2+ signaling pathways to couple the Ca2+ signal to their biochemical machinery. Notably, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis greatly relies on the rapid redistribution of Ca2+ ions into the diverse subcellular organelles which serve as Ca2+ stores, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is well established that Ca2+ released into the neuronal cytoplasm is pumped back into the ER by the sarco-/ER Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2), a P-type ion-motive ATPase that resides on the ER membrane. Even though the SERCA2 is constitutively expressed in nerve cells, its precise role in brain physiology and pathophysiology is not well-characterized. Intriguingly, SERCA2-dependent Ca2+ dysregulation has been implicated in several disorders that affect cognitive function, including Darier's disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and cerebral ischemia. The current review summarizes knowledge on the expression pattern of the different SERCA2 isoforms in the nervous system, and further discusses evidence of SERCA2 dysregulation in various neuropsychiatric disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature review that specifically highlights the critical role of the SERCA2 in the brain. Advancing knowledge on the role of SERCA2 in maintaining neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis may ultimately lead to the development of safer and more effective pharmacotherapies to combat debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Britzolaki
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Joseph Saurine
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Emily Flaherty
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Connor Thelen
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Pothitos M Pitychoutis
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA.
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45
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Oropesa-Nuñez R, Seghezza S, Dante S, Diaspro A, Cascella R, Cecchi C, Stefani M, Chiti F, Canale C. Interaction of toxic and non-toxic HypF-N oligomers with lipid bilayers investigated at high resolution with atomic force microscopy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44991-45004. [PMID: 27391440 PMCID: PMC5216700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolded oligomers are considered the most toxic species amongst those formed in the process of amyloid formation and the molecular basis of their toxicity, although not completely understood, is thought to originate from the interaction with the cellular membrane. Here, we sought to highlight the molecular determinants of oligomer-membrane interaction by atomic force microscopy. We monitored the interaction between multiphase supported lipid bilayers and two types of HypF-N oligomers displaying different structural features and cytotoxicities. By our approach we imaged with unprecedented resolution the ordered and disordered lipid phases of the bilayer and different oligomer structures interacting with either phase. We identified the oligomers and lipids responsible for toxicity and, more generally, we established the importance of the membrane lipid component in mediating oligomer toxicity. Our findings support the importance of GM1 ganglioside in mediating the oligomer-bilayer interaction and support a mechanism of oligomer cytotoxicity involving bilayer destabilization by globular oligomers within GM1-rich ordered raft regions rather than by annular oligomers in the surrounding disordered membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier Oropesa-Nuñez
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,DIBRIS Department, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Seghezza
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Canale
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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46
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Park CG, Wu MJ, Hong C, Jo JY, Jiao HY, Park H, Jun JY, Choi S. Regulation of Intracellular Calcium by Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteins in Small Intestinal Interstitial Cells of Cajal. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:128-137. [PMID: 28774158 PMCID: PMC5753911 DOI: 10.5056/jnm16212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We investigated the role of representative endoplasmic reticulum proteins, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), and store-operated calcium entry-associated regulatory factor (SARAF) in pacemaker activity in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) isolated from mouse small intestine. Methods The whole-cell patch clamp technique applied for intracellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) analysis with STIM1 or SARAF overexpressed cultured ICCs from mouse small intestine. Results In the current-clamping mode, cultured ICCs displayed spontaneous pacemaker potentials. External carbachol exposure produced tonic membrane depolarization in the current-clamp mode, which recovered within a few seconds into normal pacemaker potentials. In STIM1-overexpressing cultured ICCs pacemaker potential frequency was increased, and in SARAF-overexpressing ICCs pacemaker potential frequency was strongly inhibited. The application of gadolinium (a non-selective cation channel inhibitor) or a Ca2+-free solution to understand Orai channel involvement abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials. When recording intracellular Ca2+ concentration with Fluo 3-AM, STIM1-overexpressing ICCs showed an increased number of spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. However, SARAF-overexpressing ICCs showed fewer spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. Conclusion Endoplasmic reticulum proteins modulated the frequency of pacemaker activity in ICCs, and levels of STIM1 and SARAF may determine slow wave patterns in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Guk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mei Jin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Han Yi Jiao
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Gazda K, Kuznicki J, Wegierski T. Knockdown of amyloid precursor protein increases calcium levels in the endoplasmic reticulum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14512. [PMID: 29109429 PMCID: PMC5673940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by mutations in the genes that encode amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins. Disturbances in calcium homeostasis have been observed in various cellular and animal models of AD and are proposed to underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, wildtype presenilins were shown to regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis, although their precise mechanism of action remains controversial. To investigate whether APP also affects ER calcium levels, we used RNA interference to target the APP gene in cultured T84 cells in combination with two types of ER calcium sensors. Using a genetically encoded calcium indicator, GEM-CEPIA1er, we found that APP-deficient cells exhibited elevated resting calcium levels in the ER and prolonged emptying of ER calcium stores upon the cyclopiazonic acid-induced inhibition of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase. These effects could be ascribed to lower ER calcium leakage rates. Consistent with these results, translocation of the endogenous ER calcium sensor STIM1 to its target channel Orai1 was delayed following ER calcium store depletion. Our data suggest a physiological function of APP in the regulation of ER calcium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Gazda
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Kuznicki
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wegierski
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D, reactive oxygen species and calcium signalling in ageing and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0434. [PMID: 27377727 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone that maintains healthy cells. It functions by regulating the low resting levels of cell signalling components such as Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its role in maintaining phenotypic stability of these signalling pathways depends on the ability of vitamin D to control the expression of those components that act to reduce the levels of both Ca(2+) and ROS. This regulatory role of vitamin D is supported by both Klotho and Nrf2. A decline in the vitamin D/Klotho/Nrf2 regulatory network may enhance the ageing process, and this is well illustrated by the age-related decline in cognition in rats that can be reversed by administering vitamin D. A deficiency in vitamin D has also been linked to two of the major diseases in man: heart disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In cardiac cells, this deficiency alters the Ca(2+) transients to activate the gene transcriptional events leading to cardiac hypertrophy and the failing heart. In the case of AD, it is argued that vitamin D deficiency results in the Ca(2+) landscape that initiates amyloid formation, which then elevates the resting level of Ca(2+) to drive the memory loss that progresses to neuronal cell death and dementia.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolution brings Ca(2+) and ATP together to control life and death'.
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Toussay X, Morel JL, Biendon N, Rotureau L, Legeron FP, Boutonnet MC, Cho YH, Macrez N. Presenilin 1 mutation decreases both calcium and contractile responses in cerebral arteries. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:201-212. [PMID: 28753475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations or upregulation in presenilin 1 (PS1) gene are found in familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease or sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease, respectively. PS1 has been essentially studied in neurons and its mutation was shown to alter intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signals. Here, we showed that PS1 is expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of mouse cerebral arteries, and we assessed the effects of the deletion of exon 9 of PS1 (PS1dE9) on Ca2+ signals and contractile responses of vascular SMC. Agonist-induced contraction of cerebral vessels was significantly decreased in PS1dE9 both in vivo and ex vivo. Spontaneous activity of Ca2+ sparks through ryanodine-sensitive channels (RyR) was unchanged, whereas the RyR-mediated Ca2+-release activated by caffeine was shorter in PS1dE9 SMC when compared with control. Moreover, PS1dE9 mutation decreased the caffeine-activated capacitive Ca2+ entry, and inhibitors of SERCA pumps reversed the effects of PS1dE9 on Ca2+ signals. PS1dE9 mutation also leads to the increased expression of SERCA3, phospholamban, and RyR3. These results show that PS1 plays a crucial role in the cerebrovascular system and the vascular reactivity is decreased through altered Ca2+ signals in PS1dE9 mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Toussay
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives, UMR 5228, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Morel
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Biendon
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lolita Rotureau
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives, UMR 5228, Bordeaux, France
| | - François-Pierre Legeron
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Boutonnet
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yoon H Cho
- CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Macrez
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.
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50
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Arbel-Ornath M, Hudry E, Boivin JR, Hashimoto T, Takeda S, Kuchibhotla KV, Hou S, Lattarulo CR, Belcher AM, Shakerdge N, Trujillo PB, Muzikansky A, Betensky RA, Hyman BT, Bacskai BJ. Soluble oligomeric amyloid-β induces calcium dyshomeostasis that precedes synapse loss in the living mouse brain. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:27. [PMID: 28327181 PMCID: PMC5361864 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid-β oligomers (oAβ) are thought to mediate neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and previous studies in AD transgenic mice suggest that calcium dysregulation may contribute to these pathological effects. Even though AD mouse models remain a valuable resource to investigate amyloid neurotoxicity, the concomitant presence of soluble Aβ species, fibrillar Aβ, and fragments of amyloid precursor protein (APP) complicate the interpretation of the phenotypes. Method To explore the specific contribution of soluble oligomeric Aβ (oAβ) to calcium dyshomeostasis and synaptic morphological changes, we acutely exposed the healthy mouse brain, at 3 to 6 months of age, to naturally occurring soluble oligomers and investigated their effect on calcium levels using in vivo multiphoton imaging. Results We observed a dramatic increase in the levels of neuronal resting calcium, which was dependent upon extracellular calcium influx and activation of NMDA receptors. Ryanodine receptors, previously implicated in AD models, did not appear to be primarily involved using this experimental setting. We used the high resolution cortical volumes acquired in-vivo to measure the effect on synaptic densities and observed that, while spine density remained stable within the first hour of oAβ exposure, a significant decrease in the number of dendritic spines was observed 24 h post treatment, despite restoration of intraneuronal calcium levels at this time point. Conclusions These observations demonstrate a specific effect of oAβ on NMDA-mediated calcium influx, which triggers synaptic collapse in vivo. Moreover, this work leverages a method to quantitatively measure calcium concentration at the level of neuronal processes, cell bodies and single synaptic elements repeatedly and thus can be applicable to testing putative drugs and/or other intervention methodologies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0169-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Arbel-Ornath
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Eloise Hudry
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Josiah R Boivin
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Tadafumi Hashimoto
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Department of Neuropathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kishore V Kuchibhotla
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Skirball Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Steven Hou
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Carli R Lattarulo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Arianna M Belcher
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Naomi Shakerdge
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Pariss B Trujillo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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