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Sugitani K, Mokuya T, Kanai Y, Takaya Y, Omori Y, Koriyama Y. Transglutaminase 2 Regulates HSF1 Gene Expression in the Acute Phase of Fish Optic Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9078. [PMID: 39201764 PMCID: PMC11354351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can regenerate after optic nerve lesions (ONLs). We previously reported that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and Yamanaka factors increased in the zebrafish retina 0.5-24 h after ONLs, and they led to cell survival and the transformation of neuro-stem cells. We also showed that retinoic acid (RA) signaling and transglutaminase 2 (TG2) were activated in the fish retina, performing neurite outgrowth 5-30 days after ONLs. In this study, we found that RA signaling and TG2 increased within 0.5 h in the zebrafish retina after ONLs. We examined their interaction with the TG2-specific morpholino and inhibitor due to the significantly close initiation time of TG2 and HSF1. The inhibition of TG2 led to the complete suppression of HSF1 expression. Furthermore, the results of a ChIP assay with an anti-TG2 antibody evidenced significant anti-TG2 immunoprecipitation of HSF1 genome DNA after ONLs. The inhibition of TG2 also suppressed Yamanaka factors' gene expression. This rapid increase in TG2 expression occurred 30 min after the ONLs, and RA signaling occurred 15 min before this change. The present study demonstrates that TG2 regulates Yamanaka factors via HSF1 signals in the acute phase of fish optic nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Sugitani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Takumi Mokuya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Yu Kanai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Yurina Takaya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Yuya Omori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan;
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2
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Grigoryan EN, Markitantova YV. Tail and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Urodelean Amphibians. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:594. [PMID: 38792615 PMCID: PMC11122520 DOI: 10.3390/life14050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Urodelean amphibians can regenerate the tail and the spinal cord (SC) and maintain this ability throughout their life. This clearly distinguishes these animals from mammals. The phenomenon of tail and SC regeneration is based on the capability of cells involved in regeneration to dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and change their (or return to the pre-existing) phenotype during de novo organ formation. The second critical aspect of the successful tail and SC regeneration is the mutual molecular regulation by tissues, of which the SC and the apical wound epidermis are the leaders. Molecular regulatory systems include signaling pathways components, inflammatory factors, ECM molecules, ROS, hormones, neurotransmitters, HSPs, transcriptional and epigenetic factors, etc. The control, carried out by regulatory networks on the feedback principle, recruits the mechanisms used in embryogenesis and accompanies all stages of organ regeneration, from the moment of damage to the completion of morphogenesis and patterning of all its structures. The late regeneration stages and the effects of external factors on them have been poorly studied. A new model for addressing this issue is herein proposed. The data summarized in the review contribute to understanding a wide range of fundamentally important issues in the regenerative biology of tissues and organs in vertebrates including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuliya V. Markitantova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
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3
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Tu Z, Tang L, Abo-Raya MH, Sun M, Shen H, Wang Y. Cloning and characterization of heat shock transcription factor 1 and its functional role for Hsp70 production in the sea slug Onchidium reevesii. Gene 2024; 893:147945. [PMID: 38381511 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory role of heat shock transcription factor 1 of sea slug Onchidium reevesii (OrHSF1) on Hsp70 expression in the sea slug under stress , the OrHSF1 gene was cloned and bioinformatics analysis was performed, then the gene and protein expressions by RNA interference (RNAi) mediated knockdown of OrHSF1 expression were measured to clarify the regulatory relationship between OrHSF1 and Hsp70 under low-frequency noise (LFN) stress. Our study was the first to clone a 1572 bp sequence of the OrHSF1 gene, with the sequence coding for amino acids (CDS) being 729 bp, encoding 243 amino acids. O. reevesii shared a close evolutionary relationship with mollusks such as the Aplysia californica. OrHSF1 gene is widely expressed in different tissues of sea slugs, with the highest expression in the intestine and the lowest in the reproductive glands. Furthermore, we used RNA interference (RNAi) as a tool to silence the OrHSF1 gene in the central nervous system (CNS) and the results indicated that gene silencing was occurring systematically in the CNS and the suppression of OrHSF1 expression by RNAi-mediated gene silencing altered the expression of Hsp70; besides, the expression trends of OrHSF1 gene and Hsp70 were consistent in the 3 and 5-day RNAi experiment. Moreover, in sea slugs injected with siHSF1 and exposed to LFN, the mRNA expression and protein expression of Hsp70 in the CNS were significantly decreased compared to the low-frequency noise group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that OrHSF1 regulates Hsp70 expression in marine mollusks under low-frequency noise, and HSF1-Hsp70 axis plays a key role in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Tu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liusiqiao Tang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mohamed H Abo-Raya
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mengying Sun
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Heding Shen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Specific Activation of Yamanaka Factors via HSF1 Signaling in the Early Stage of Zebrafish Optic Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043253. [PMID: 36834675 PMCID: PMC9961437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the case in mammals, the fish optic nerve can spontaneously regenerate and visual function can be fully restored 3-4 months after optic nerve injury (ONI). However, the regenerative mechanism behind this has remained unknown. This long process is reminiscent of the normal development of the visual system from immature neural cells to mature neurons. Here, we focused on the expression of three Yamanaka factors (Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4: OSK), which are well-known inducers of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in the zebrafish retina after ONI. mRNA expression of OSK was rapidly induced in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) 1-3 h after ONI. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) mRNA was most rapidly induced in the RGCs at 0.5 h. The activation of OSK mRNA was completely suppressed by the intraocular injection of HSF1 morpholino prior to ONI. Furthermore, the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed the enrichment of OSK genomic DNA bound to HSF1. The present study clearly showed that the rapid activation of Yamanaka factors in the zebrafish retina was regulated by HSF1, and this sequential activation of HSF1 and OSK might provide a key to unlocking the regenerative mechanism of injured RGCs in fish.
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Almuslehi MSM, Sen MK, Shortland PJ, Mahns DA, Coorssen JR. Histological and Top-Down Proteomic Analyses of the Visual Pathway in the Cuprizone Demyelination Model. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1374-1401. [PMID: 35644788 PMCID: PMC9170674 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A change in visual perception is a frequent early symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), the pathoaetiology of which remains unclear. Following a slow demyelination process caused by 12 weeks of low-dose (0.1%) cuprizone (CPZ) consumption, histology and proteomics were used to investigate components of the visual pathway in young adult mice. Histological investigation did not identify demyelination or gliosis in the optic tracts, pretectal nuclei, superior colliculi, lateral geniculate nuclei or visual cortices. However, top-down proteomic assessment of the optic nerve/tract revealed a significant change in the abundance of 34 spots in high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) gels. Subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-TMS) analysis identified alterations in 75 proteoforms. Literature mining revealed the relevance of these proteoforms in terms of proteins previously implicated in animal models, eye diseases and human MS. Importantly, 24 proteoforms were not previously described in any animal models of MS, eye diseases or MS itself. Bioinformatic analysis indicated involvement of these proteoforms in cytoskeleton organization, metabolic dysregulation, protein aggregation and axonal support. Collectively, these results indicate that continuous CPZ-feeding, which evokes a slow demyelination, results in proteomic changes that precede any clear histological changes in the visual pathway and that these proteoforms may be potential early markers of degenerative demyelinating conditions.
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Yu J, Chen L, Gu W, Liu S, Wu B. Heterogeneity effects of nanoplastics and lead on zebrafish intestinal cells identified by single-cell sequencing. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133133. [PMID: 34861263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles in water environment can adsorb heavy metals, leading to combined toxicity on aquatic organisms. However, current conclusions are mostly obtained based on cell population-average responses. Heterogeneity effects among cell populations in aquatic organisms remain unclear. This study firstly analyzed the basic toxic effects of 20 μg L-1, 200 μg L-1 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), 50 μg L-1 lead (Pb), and their combined exposures on zebrafish intestine. Results found that combined exposure of 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs and 50 μg L-1 Pb induced highest MDA, 8-OHdG, and TNF-α levels. Thus 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs, 50 μg L-1 Pb and their combined exposures were chosen to analyze the heterogeneity effects on zebrafish intestine cells by single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 38,640 zebrafish intestinal cells were obtained and identified as seven cell populations, including enterocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, T cells, enteroendocrine cells, and goblet cells. 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs exposure had the greatest influence on macrophages, while Pb exposure mostly influenced enterocytes. Results of MDA, 8-OHdG, and TNF-α analyses indicated that 20 μg L-1 and 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs increased the Pb toxicity. However, the scRNA-seq showed that the synergistic effects did not exist in most cell populations, except for goblet cells. Co-exposure of 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs and Pb caused similar transcriptome profiles with 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs exposure in macrophages, which changed immunological recognition and apoptosis processes. The Pb exposure influenced the macrophages by direct cytotoxicity. However, the Pb alone and combined exposures induced similar toxicities in the enterocytes, including the generation of oxidative stress and abnormality of lipid metabolism. This study shows the scRNA-seq is a powerful method to identify the target cell populations and corresponding toxic effects during combined exposure of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Weiqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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7
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Li J, Sultan Y, Sun Y, Zhang S, Liu Y, Li X. Expression analysis of Hsp90α and cytokines in zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103922. [PMID: 33186559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an ideal model organism for exploring the ability and mechanism of tissue regeneration in the vertebrate. However, the specific cellular and molecular mechanism of caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish remains largely unclear. Therefore, we first confirmed the crucial period of fin regeneration in adult zebrafish by morphological and histological analysis. Then we performed RNA-Seq analysis of the caudal fin regeneration at three key stages, which provided some clues for exploring the mechanism of caudal fin regeneration. Moreover, we also determined the expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β, and the immune-related pathway JAK2α and STAT1b in the caudal fin of zebrafish following fin amputation by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Particularly, Hsp90α expression at mRNA and protein level determined by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively, and whole-mount in situ hybridization of Hsp90α were also performed in this study. The results showed that inflammatory cytokines were mainly expressed in the early period of caudal fin regeneration (1-3 days post amputation, dpa), indicating that fish immune system was involved in the fin regeneration. Furthermore, the high expression of Hsp90α in the vicinity of blastema and blood vessels of the regenerating fin suggests that Hsp90α may play a role in the initiation and promotion of caudal fin regeneration. Overall, our results provide a framework for further understanding the cellular and molecular mechanism in caudal fin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yousef Sultan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yaoyi Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Shuqiang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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Yang LQ, Chen M, Ren DL, Hu B. Dual Oxidase Mutant Retards Mauthner-Cell Axon Regeneration at an Early Stage via Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Zebrafish. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1500-1512. [PMID: 33123984 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual oxidase (duox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been correlated with neuronal polarity, cerebellar development, and neuroplasticity. However, there have not been many comprehensive studies of the effect of individual duox isoforms on central-axon regeneration in vivo. Here, we explored this question in zebrafish, an excellent model organism for central-axon regeneration studies. In our research, mutation of the duox gene with CRISPR/Cas9 significantly retarded the single-axon regeneration of the zebrafish Mauthner cell in vivo. Using deep transcriptome sequencing, we found that the expression levels of related functional enzymes in mitochondria were down-regulated in duox mutant fish. In vivo imaging showed that duox mutants had significantly disrupted mitochondrial transport and redox state in single Mauthner-cell axon. Our research data provide insights into how duox is involved in central-axon regeneration by changing mitochondrial transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Qing Yang
- Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Min Chen
- Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Da-Long Ren
- Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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9
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Liu L, Zhang R, Wang X, Zhu H, Tian Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms responsive to acute cold stress in the tropical stenothermal fish tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:737. [PMID: 33096997 PMCID: PMC7584086 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical stenothermal fish exhibit special tolerance and response to cold stress. However current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms response to cold stress in aquatic ectotherms is largely drawn from eurythermal or extreme stenothermal species. The tiger barb Puntius tetrazona is a tropical stenothermal fish, with great popularity in aquarium trade and research. RESULTS To investigate the response mechanism of P. tetrazona to low temperature, fish were exposed to increasing levels of acute cold stress. Histopathological analysis showed that the brain, gill, liver and muscle tissues appeared serious damage after cold stress (13 °C). Brain, gill, liver and muscle tissues from control (CTRL) groups (27 °C) and COLD stress groups (13 °C) of eight-month fish (gender-neutral) were sampled and assessed for transcriptomic profiling by high-throughput sequencing. 83.0 Gb of raw data were generated, filtered and assembled for de novo transcriptome assembly. According to the transcriptome reference, we obtained 392,878 transcripts and 238,878 unigenes, of which 89.29% of the latter were annotated. There were 23,743 differently expressed genes (DEGs) been filtered from four pairs of tissues (brain, gill, liver and muscle) between these cold stress and control groups. These DEGs were mainly involved in circadian entrainment, circadian rhythm, biosynthesis of steroid and fatty acid. There were 64 shared DEGs between the four pairs of groups, and five were related to ubiquitylation/deubiquitylation. Our results suggested that ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation might be necessary for tropical stenothermal fish coping with acute cold stress. Also, the significant cold-induced expression of heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70) and cold-induced RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) was verified. These results suggested that the expression of the molecular chaperones HSP70 and CIRBP in P. tetrazona might play a critical role in coping with acute cold stress. CONCLUSIONS This is the first transcriptome analysis of P. tetrazona using RNA-Seq technology. Novel findings about tropical stenothermal fish under cold stress (such as HSP70 and CIRBP genes) are presented here. This study contributes new insights into the molecular mechanisms of tropical stenothermal species response to acute cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068 China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068 China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068 China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068 China
| | - Zhaohui Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068 China
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Covello G, Rossello FJ, Filosi M, Gajardo F, Duchemin A, Tremonti BF, Eichenlaub M, Polo JM, Powell D, Ngai J, Allende ML, Domenici E, Ramialison M, Poggi L. Transcriptome analysis of the zebrafish atoh7-/- Mutant, lakritz, highlights Atoh7-dependent genetic networks with potential implications for human eye diseases. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:434-448. [PMID: 32676583 PMCID: PMC7354691 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the bHLH transcription protein Atoh7 is a crucial factor conferring competence to retinal progenitor cells for the development of retinal ganglion cells. Several studies have emerged establishing ATOH7 as a retinal disease gene. Remarkably, such studies uncovered ATOH7 variants associated with global eye defects including optic nerve hypoplasia, microphthalmia, retinal vascular disorders, and glaucoma. The complex genetic networks and cellular decisions arising downstream of atoh7 expression, and how their dysregulation cause development of such disease traits remains unknown. To begin to understand such Atoh7-dependent events in vivo, we performed transcriptome analysis of wild-type and atoh7 mutant (lakritz) zebrafish embryos at the onset of retinal ganglion cell differentiation. We investigated in silico interplays of atoh7 and other disease-related genes and pathways. By network reconstruction analysis of differentially expressed genes, we identified gene clusters enriched in retinal development, cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, stress response, and Wnt pathways. By weighted gene coexpression network, we identified coexpression modules affected by the mutation and enriched in retina development genes tightly connected to atoh7. We established the groundwork whereby Atoh7-linked cellular and molecular processes can be investigated in the dynamic multi-tissue environment of the developing normal and diseased vertebrate eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Covello
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Fernando J. Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
- Present address:
University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer ResearchUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michele Filosi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Felipe Gajardo
- Center for Genome RegulationFacultad de Ciencias, SantiagoUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Beatrice F. Tremonti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Michael Eichenlaub
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
- BDIMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - David Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics PlatformMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - John Ngai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology & Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Miguel L. Allende
- Center for Genome RegulationFacultad de Ciencias, SantiagoUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research ‐ University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems BiologyTrentoItaly
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - Lucia Poggi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Centre for Organismal StudyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Viganò L, Casatta N, Farkas A, Mascolo G, Roscioli C, Stefani F, Vitelli M, Olivo F, Clerici L, Robles P, Dellavedova P. Embryo/larval toxicity and transcriptional effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to endocrine active riverbed sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10729-10747. [PMID: 31942721 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediment toxicity plays a fundamental role in the health of inland fish communities; however, the assessment of the hazard potential of contaminated sediments is not a common objective in environmental diagnostics or remediation. This study examined the potential of transcriptional endpoints investigated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to riverbed sediments in ecotoxicity testing. Embryo-larval 10-day tests were conducted on sediment samples collected from five sites (one upstream and four downstream of the city of Milan) along a polluted tributary of the Po River, the Lambro River. Sediment chemistry showed a progressive downstream deterioration in river quality, so that the final sampling site showed up to eight times higher concentrations of, for example, triclosan, galaxolide, PAH, PCB, BPA, Ni, and Pb, compared with the uppermost site. The embryo/larval tests showed widespread toxicity although the middle river sections evidenced worse effects, as evidenced by delayed embryo development, hatching rate, larval survival, and growth. At the mRNA transcript level, the genes encoding biotransformation enzymes (cyp1a, gst, ugt) showed increasing upregulations after exposure to sediment from further downstream sites. The genes involved in antioxidant responses (sod, gpx) suggested that more critical conditions may be present at downstream sites, but even upstream of Milan there seemed to be some level of oxidative stress. Indirect evidences of potential apoptotic activity (bcl2/bax < 1) in turn suggested the possibility of genotoxic effects. The genes encoding for estrogen receptors (erα, erβ1, erβ2) showed exposure to (xeno)estrogens with a progressive increase after exposure to sediments from downstream sites, paralleled by a corresponding downregulation of the ar gene, likely related to antiandrogenic compounds. Multiple levels of thyroid disruption were also evident particularly in downstream zebrafish, as for thyroid growth (nkx2.1), hormone synthesis and transport (tg, ttr, d2), and signal transduction (trα, trβ). The inhibition of the igf2 gene reasonably reflected larval growth inhibitions. Although none of the sediment chemicals could singly explain fish responses, principal component analysis suggested a good correlation between gene transcripts and the overall trend of contamination. Thus, the combined impacts from known and unknown covarying chemicals were proposed as the most probable explanation of fish responses. In summary, transcriptional endpoints applied to zebrafish embryo/larval test can provide sensitive, comprehensive, and timeliness information which may greatly enable the assessment of the hazard potential of sediments to fish, complementing morphological endpoints and being potentially predictive of longer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute , Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Nadia Casatta
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute , Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Anna Farkas
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg K. u. 3, P.O. Box 35, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute, Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute , Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stefani
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute , Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitelli
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Olivo
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Clerici
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Robles
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluisa Dellavedova
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
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12
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Markitantova YV, Simirskii VN. Role of the Redox System in Initiation of a Regenerative Response of Neural Eye Tissues in Vertebrates. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106236042001004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Valdés-Sánchez L, Calado SM, de la Cerda B, Aramburu A, García-Delgado AB, Massalini S, Montero-Sánchez A, Bhatia V, Rodríguez-Bocanegra E, Diez-Lloret A, Rodríguez-Martínez D, Chakarova C, Bhattacharya SS, Díaz-Corrales FJ. Retinal pigment epithelium degeneration caused by aggregation of PRPF31 and the role of HSP70 family of proteins. Mol Med 2019; 26:1. [PMID: 31892304 PMCID: PMC6938640 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in pre-mRNA splicing factor PRPF31 can lead to retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although the exact disease mechanism remains unknown, it has been hypothesized that haploinsufficiency might be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. METHODS In this study, we have analyzed a mouse model containing the p.A216P mutation in Prpf31 gene. RESULTS We found that mutant Prpf31 protein produces cytoplasmic aggregates in the retinal pigment epithelium and decreasing the protein levels of this splicing factor in the nucleus. Additionally, normal protein was recruited in insoluble aggregates when the mutant protein was overexpressed in vitro. In response to protein aggregation, Hspa4l is overexpressed. This member of the HSP70 family of chaperones might contribute to the correct folding and solubilization of the mutant protein, allowing its translocation to the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that a mechanism haploinsufficiency and dominant-negative is involved in retinal degeneration due to mutations in PRPF31. HSP70 over-expression might be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of retinal degeneration due to PRPF31 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Valdés-Sánchez
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Sofia M Calado
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
- Present Address: Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, 8800-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Berta de la Cerda
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Aramburu
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
- Present Address: Clinique de l'Oeil, Avenue Bois de la Chapelle 15, 1213, Onex, Switzerland
| | - Ana Belén García-Delgado
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Simone Massalini
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
- Present Address: Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB) DFG-Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße, 105 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adoración Montero-Sánchez
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Vaibhav Bhatia
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Bocanegra
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
- Present Address: Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Diez-Lloret
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodríguez-Martínez
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Christina Chakarova
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Shom S Bhattacharya
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Francisco J Díaz-Corrales
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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14
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A novel activation mechanism of cellular Factor XIII in zebrafish retina after optic nerve injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:57-62. [PMID: 31296382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular Factor XIII (cFXIII) mRNA is rapidly upregulated in the fish retina after optic nerve injury (ONI). Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of cFXIII gene activation using genetic information from the A-subunit of cFXIII (cFXIII-A). Real-time PCR that amplified the active site (exons 7-8) of cFXIII-A showed increased cFXIII-A mRNA in the retina after ONI, whereas the PCR that amplified the activation peptide (exons 1-2) showed no change. RT-PCR analysis that amplified exons 1-8 showed two bands, a faint long band in the control retina and a dense short band in the injured retina. Therefore, we conclude that activated cFXIII-A mRNA after ONI is shorter than that of the control retina. Western blot analysis also confirmed an active form of 65 kDa cFXIII-A protein in the injured retina compared to the control 84 kDa protein. 5'-RACE analysis using injured retina revealed that the short cFXIII-A mRNA lacked exons 1, 2 and part of exon 3. Exon 3 has two sites of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) binding consensus sequence. Intraocular injection of HSF inhibitor suppressed the expression of cFXIII-A mRNA in the retina 1 day after ONI to 40% of levels normally seen after ONI. Chromatin immunoprecipitation provides direct evidence of enrichment of cFXIII-A genomic DNA bound with HSF-1. The present data indicate that rapid HSF-1 binding to the cFXIII-A gene results in cleavage of activation peptide and an active form of short cFXIII-A mRNA and protein in the zebrafish retina after ONI without thrombin.
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15
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Hercher D, Kerbl M, Schuh CMAP, Heinzel J, Gal L, Stainer M, Schmidhammer R, Hausner T, Redl H, Nógrádi A, Hacobian A. Spatiotemporal Differences in Gene Expression Between Motor and Sensory Autografts and Their Effect on Femoral Nerve Regeneration in the Rat. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:182. [PMID: 31139050 PMCID: PMC6519304 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the outcome after autologous nerve grafting in the clinic, it is important to understand the limiting variables such as distinct phenotypes of motor and sensory Schwann cells. This study investigated the properties of phenotypically different autografts in a 6 mm femoral nerve defect model in the rat, where the respective femoral branches distally of the inguinal bifurcation served as homotopic, or heterotopic autografts. Axonal regeneration and target reinnervation was analyzed by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and wet muscle mass analysis. We evaluated regeneration-associated gene expression between 5 days and 10 weeks after repair, in the autografts as well as the proximal, and distal segments of the femoral nerve using qRT-PCR. Furthermore we investigated expression patterns of phenotypically pure ventral and dorsal roots. We identified highly significant differences in gene expression of a variety of regeneration-associated genes along the central – peripheral axis in healthy femoral nerves. Phenotypically mismatched grafting resulted in altered spatiotemporal expression of neurotrophic factor BDNF, GDNF receptor GFRα1, cell adhesion molecules Cadm3, Cadm4, L1CAM, and proliferation associated Ki67. Although significantly higher quadriceps muscle mass following homotopic nerve grafting was measured, we did not observe differences in gait analysis, and electrophysiological parameters between treatment paradigms. Our study provides evidence for phenotypic commitment of autologous nerve grafts after injury and gives a conclusive overview of temporal expression of several important regeneration-associated genes after repair with sensory or motor graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kerbl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johannes Heinzel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - László Gal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michaela Stainer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Schmidhammer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hausner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Chen M, Huang RC, Yang LQ, Ren DL, Hu B. In vivo
imaging of evoked calcium responses indicates the intrinsic axonal regenerative capacity of zebrafish. FASEB J 2019; 33:7721-7733. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802649r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Rong-Chen Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Lei-Qing Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Da-Long Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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17
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Liu Q, Yin T, Wang G, Guo F, Ou Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Vascular endothelial growth receptor 1 acts as a stress-associated protein in the therapeutic response to thalidomide. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4263-4271. [PMID: 29075340 PMCID: PMC5647747 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide (THD) exhibits antitumor effects in several types of cancer. However, the failure of THD to inhibit tumor growth has also been observed in a number of murine models in vivo. The mechanism involved in the therapeutic failure of THD remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that, accompanied by growth-arresting and apoptosis-inducing effects (P<0.05), THD upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) expression levels in CT26 murine colorectal carcinoma cell lines. This in vitro phenomenon was also observed in various other cell lines, including human umbilical vein endothelial cells, SW480, SW620 and HCT116. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased compared with those in the untreated control when cells were exposed to THD (P<0.05). Furthermore, results suggested that ROS suppression may have provoked the induction of VEGFR1 expression to some extent. In addition, the results revealed that THD failed to inhibit CT26 tumor growth in vivo and the expression of VEGFR1 protein was elevated by THD treatment compared with the control group in the murine colorectal tumor model (P<0.05). The results of further experiments suggested that VEGFR1 was elevated in response to various stress-associated situations, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and thermotherapy, which indicate that it may act as a stress-associated protein. The present findings provide a foundation for the future study of VEGFR1-targeted therapy to enhance the efficacy of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fuchun Guo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Ou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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18
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Ousman SS, Frederick A, Lim EMF. Chaperone Proteins in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System after Nerve Injury. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:79. [PMID: 28270745 PMCID: PMC5318438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to axons of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is accompanied by the upregulation and downregulation of numerous molecules that are involved in mediating nerve repair, or in augmentation of the original damage. Promoting the functions of beneficial factors while reducing the properties of injurious agents determines whether regeneration and functional recovery ensues. A number of chaperone proteins display reduced or increased expression following CNS and PNS damage (crush, transection, contusion) where their roles have generally been found to be protective. For example, chaperones are involved in mediating survival of damaged neurons, promoting axon regeneration and remyelination and, improving behavioral outcomes. We review here the various chaperone proteins that are involved after nervous system axonal damage, the functions that they impact in the CNS and PNS, and the possible mechanisms by which they act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalina S Ousman
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ariana Frederick
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erin-Mai F Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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19
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Maes ME, Schlamp CL, Nickells RW. BAX to basics: How the BCL2 gene family controls the death of retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 57:1-25. [PMID: 28064040 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is the principal consequence of injury to the optic nerve. For several decades, we have understood that the RGC death process was executed by apoptosis, suggesting that there may be ways to therapeutically intervene in this cell death program and provide a more direct treatment to the cells and tissues affected in diseases like glaucoma. A major part of this endeavor has been to elucidate the molecular biological pathways active in RGCs from the point of axonal injury to the point of irreversible cell death. A major component of this process is the complex interaction of members of the BCL2 gene family. Three distinct family members of proteins orchestrate the most critical junction in the apoptotic program of RGCs, culminating in the activation of pro-apoptotic BAX. Once active, BAX causes irreparable damage to mitochondria, while precipitating downstream events that finish off a dying ganglion cell. This review is divided into two major parts. First, we summarize the extent of knowledge of how BCL2 gene family proteins interact to facilitate the activation and function of BAX. This area of investigation has rapidly changed over the last few years and has yielded a dramatically different mechanistic understanding of how the intrinsic apoptotic program is run in mammalian cells. Second, we provided a comprehensive analysis of nearly two decades of investigation of the role of BAX in the process of RGC death, much of which has provided many important insights into the overall pathophysiology of diseases like glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Maes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cassandra L Schlamp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert W Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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20
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Williams DL. Regenerating reptile retinas: a comparative approach to restoring retinal ganglion cell function. Eye (Lond) 2016; 31:167-172. [PMID: 27834958 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transection or damage to the mammalian optic nerve generally results in loss of retinal ganglion cells by apoptosis. This cell death is seen less in fish or amphibians where retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration leads to recovery of sight. Reptiles lie somewhere in the middle of this spectrum of nerve regeneration, and different species have been reported to have a significant variation in their retinal ganglion cell regenerative capacity. The ornate dragon lizard Ctenophoris ornatus exhibits a profound capacity for regeneration, whereas the Tenerife wall lizard Gallotia galloti has a more variable response to optic nerve damage. Some individuals regain visual activity such as the pupillomotor responses, whereas in others axons fail to regenerate sufficiently. Even in Ctenophoris, although the retinal ganglion cell axons regenerate adequately enough to synapse in the tectum, they do not make long-term topographic connections allowing recovery of complex visually motivated behaviour. The question then centres on where these intraspecies differences originate. Is it variation in the innate ability of retinal ganglion cells from different species to regenerate with functional validity? Or is it variances between different species in the substrate within which the nerves regenerate, the extracellular environment of the damaged nerve or the supporting cells surrounding the regenerating axons? Investigations of retinal ganglion cell regeneration between different species of lower vertebrates in vivo may shed light on these questions. Or perhaps more interesting are in vitro studies comparing axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells from various species placed on differing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Shi W, Fang Z, Li L, Luo L. Using zebrafish as the model organism to understand organ regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:343-51. [PMID: 25862658 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of several organs, such as central nervous system (CNS), heart and limb in mammals makes related major diseases quite difficult to recover. Therefore, dissection of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying organ regeneration is of great scientific and clinical interests. Tremendous progression has already been made after extensive investigations using several model organisms for decades. Unfortunately, distance to the final achievement of the goal still remains. Recently, zebrafish became a popular model organism for the deep understanding of regeneration based on its powerful regenerative capacity, in particular the organs that are limitedly regenerated in mammals. Additionally, zebrafish are endowed with other advantages good for the study of organ regeneration. This review summarizes the recent progress in the study of zebrafish organ regeneration, in particular regeneration of fin, heart, CNS, and liver as the representatives. We also discuss reasons of the reduced regenerative capacity in higher vertebrate, the roles of inflammation during regeneration, and the difference between organogenesis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenChao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Becker T, Becker CG. Axonal regeneration in zebrafish. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 27:186-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Li N, Li Y, Duan X. Heat shock protein 72 confers protection in retinal ganglion cells and lateral geniculate nucleus neurons via blockade of the SAPK/JNK pathway in a chronic ocular-hypertensive rat model. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1395-401. [PMID: 25221598 PMCID: PMC4160872 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.137595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve transection increased the expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in the lateral geniculate body, indicating that this protein is involved in the prevention of neuronal injury. Zinc sulfate and quercetin induced and inhibited the expression of HSP72, respectively. Intraperitoneal injections of zinc sulfate, SP600125 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor), or quercetin were performed on retinal ganglion cells in a Wistar rat model of chronic ocular hypertension. Our results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of HSP72 in retinal ganglion cells and the lateral geniculate body was increased after the injection of zinc sulfate, but was decreased after the injection of quercetin. The expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases and phosphorylated c-Jun were visible 3 days after injection in the control group, and reached a peak at 7 days. Zinc sulfate and SP600125 significantly decreased the expression of p-c-Jun, whereas quercetin significantly enhanced the expression of this protein. These results suggest that HSP72 protects retinal ganglion cells and lateral geniculate body in a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension from injury by blocking the activation of the stress-activated kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuanchu Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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24
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Koriyama Y, Sugitani K, Ogai K, Kato S. Heat shock protein 70 induction by valproic acid delays photoreceptor cell death by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in mice. J Neurochem 2014; 130:707-19. [PMID: 24773621 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases (RDs) are a group of inherited diseases characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells. Selective photoreceptor loss can be induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and, because of its selectivity, this model is widely used to study the mechanism of RDs. Although it is known that calcium-calpain activation and lipid peroxidation are involved in the initiation of cell death, the precise mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been shown to function as a chaperone molecule to protect cells against environmental and physiological stresses. In this study, we investigated the role of HSP70 on photoreceptor cell death in mice. HSP70 induction by valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, attenuated the photoreceptor cell death by MNU through inhibition of apoptotic caspase signals. Furthermore, HSP70 itself was rapidly and calpain-dependently cleaved after MNU treatment. Therefore, HSP70 induction by valproic acid was dually effective against MNU-induced photoreceptor cell loss as a result of its anti-apoptotic actions and its ability to prevent HSP70 degradation. These findings might help lead us to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of RDs. Retinal degenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells. We proposed the following cascade for N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor cell death: MNU gives rise to cleavage of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70); HSP70 induction by valproic acid (VPA) is dually effective against MNU-induced photoreceptor cell loss because of its anti-apoptotic actions and its ability to prevent HSP70 degradation. We hope that the present study heralds a new era in developing therapeutic tools against retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Koriyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
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25
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Schmidt JG, Nielsen ME. Expression of immune system-related genes during ontogeny in experimentally wounded common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae and juveniles. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 42:186-196. [PMID: 24064235 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of full-thickness incisional wounding on expression of genes related to the immune system in larvae and juveniles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The wounds were inflicted by needle puncture immediately below the anterior part of the dorsal fin on days 7, 14, 28 and 49 after fertilization. We followed the local gene expression 1, 3 and 7 days after wounding by removing head and viscera before extracting RNA from the remaining part of the fish, including the wound area. In addition, we visually followed wound healing. Overall the wounds had regenerated to a point where they were microscopically indistinguishable from normal tissue by day 3 post-wounding in all but the juvenile carp wounded on day 49 post-fertilization. In these juveniles the wounded area was still visible even 7 days post-wounding. On the transcriptional level a very limited response was observed in the investigated genes as a result of the wounding. HSP70 was downregulated 1 and 3 days post-wounding in the smallest larvae. However, HSP70 was differentially expressed at different time-points in a similar manner in wounded and mock-wounded groups, thus suggesting a stress effect of the handling, which may have overshadowed some transcriptional effects of the wounding. MMP-9, TGF-β1 and IgZ1 were slightly but significantly upregulated at few time-points, while no effect of wounding was detected on the expression of IgM, C3, IL-1β and IL-6 family member M17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Schmidt
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Biological Quality Research Group, Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, Building FG, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
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26
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Regeneration-associated genes on optic nerve regeneration in fish retina. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 801:441-6. [PMID: 24664729 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been well documented that fish central nervous system, including retina and optic nerve, can regenerate and recover its function after nerve injury. Within a few decades, a number of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs) have been identified in fish retina following optic nerve injury (ONI). RAGs can be classified into two groups: cell survival- and axonal outgrowth-related genes. In fish retina after ONI, cell survival-related genes were upregulated in 1-6 days after ONI, which corresponds to the preparation stage for cell survival and axonal sprouting. Subsequently, axonal outgrowth-related genes were upregulated in 1-6 weeks after ONI, which corresponds to the axonal regrowth stage. Recently, we've found a novel type of RAGs, dedifferentiation-related genes, that are upregulated in overlapping time between cell survival and axonal regrowth (3-10 days after ONI). In this chapter we summarize these three types of RAGs that promote optic nerve regeneration in the fish retina after ONI.
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27
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Kashyap B, Pegorsch L, Frey RA, Sun C, Shelden EA, Stenkamp DL. Eye-specific gene expression following embryonic ethanol exposure in zebrafish: roles for heat shock factor 1. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 43:111-24. [PMID: 24355176 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms through which ethanol exposure results in developmental defects remain unclear. We used the zebrafish model to elucidate eye-specific mechanisms that underlie ethanol-mediated microphthalmia (reduced eye size), through time-series microarray analysis of gene expression within eyes of embryos exposed to 1.5% ethanol. 62 genes were differentially expressed (DE) in ethanol-treated as compared to control eyes sampled during retinal neurogenesis (24-48 h post-fertilization). The EDGE (extraction of differential gene expression) algorithm identified >3000 genes DE over developmental time in ethanol-exposed eyes as compared to controls. The DE lists included several genes indicating a mis-regulated cellular stress response due to ethanol exposure. Combined treatment with sub-threshold levels of ethanol and a morpholino targeting heat shock factor 1 mRNA resulted in microphthalmia, suggesting convergent molecular pathways. Thermal preconditioning partially prevented ethanol-mediated microphthalmia while maintaining Hsf-1 expression. These data suggest roles for reduced Hsf-1 in mediating microphthalmic effects of embryonic ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Kashyap
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Laurel Pegorsch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Ruth A Frey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Eric A Shelden
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States; Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Deborah L Stenkamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States; Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States.
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Kato S, Matsukawa T, Koriyama Y, Sugitani K, Ogai K. A molecular mechanism of optic nerve regeneration in fish: the retinoid signaling pathway. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 37:13-30. [PMID: 23994437 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fish optic nerve regeneration process takes more than 100 days after axotomy and comprises four stages: neurite sprouting (1-4 days), axonal elongation (5-30 days), synaptic refinement (35-80 days) and functional recovery (100-120 days). We screened genes specifically upregulated in each stage from axotomized fish retina. The mRNAs for heat shock protein 70 and insulin-like growth factor-1 rapidly increased in the retinal ganglion cells soon after axotomy and function as cell-survival factors. Purpurin mRNA rapidly and transiently increased in the photoreceptors and purpurin protein diffusely increased in all nuclear layers at 1-4 days after injury. The purpurin gene has an active retinol-binding site and a signal peptide. Purpurin with retinol functions as a sprouting factor for thin neurites. This neurite-sprouting effect was closely mimicked by retinoic acid and blocked by its inhibitor. We propose that purpurin works as a retinol transporter to supply retinoic acid to damaged RGCs which in turn activates target genes. We also searched for genes involved in the second stage of regeneration. The mRNA of retinoid-signaling molecules increased in retinal ganglion cells at 7-14 days after injury and tissue transglutaminase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase mRNAs, RA-target genes, increased in retinal ganglion cells at 10-30 days after injury. They function as factors for the outgrowth of thick, long neurites. Here we present a retinoid-signaling hypothesis to explain molecular events during the early stages of optic nerve regeneration in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kato
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
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29
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LIU HAITAO, HOU FENG, LIANG HAIYING, LIU GUOCHENG, LI YUNFEI. Effects of diagnostic ultrasound on HSP70 expression in chorionic villi in rats during early pregnancy and the role of HSP70 in apoptosis in chorionic villi. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1085-92. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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Athanasiou D, Aguilà M, Bevilacqua D, Novoselov SS, Parfitt DA, Cheetham ME. The cell stress machinery and retinal degeneration. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2008-17. [PMID: 23684651 PMCID: PMC4471140 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerations are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterised by progressive loss of vision due to neurodegeneration. The retina is a highly specialised tissue with a unique architecture and maintaining homeostasis in all the different retinal cell types is crucial for healthy vision. The retina can be exposed to a variety of environmental insults and stress, including light-induced damage, oxidative stress and inherited mutations that can lead to protein misfolding. Within retinal cells there are different mechanisms to cope with disturbances in proteostasis, such as the heat shock response, the unfolded protein response and autophagy. In this review, we discuss the multiple responses of the retina to different types of stress involved in retinal degenerations, such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain and re-establish proteostasis in the retina is important for developing new therapeutic approaches to fight blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Aguilà
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Dalila Bevilacqua
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - David A. Parfitt
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
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31
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Sugitani K, Ogai K, Hitomi K, Nakamura-Yonehara K, Shintani T, Noda M, Koriyama Y, Tanii H, Matsukawa T, Kato S. A distinct effect of transient and sustained upregulation of cellular factor XIII in the goldfish retina and optic nerve on optic nerve regeneration. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:423-32. [PMID: 22709671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Unlike in mammals, fish retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have a capacity to repair their axons even after optic nerve transection. In our previous study, we isolated a tissue type transglutaminase (TG) from axotomized goldfish retina. The levels of retinal TG (TG(R)) mRNA increased in RGCs 1-6weeks after nerve injury to promote optic nerve regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we screened other types of TG using specific FITC-labeled substrate peptides to elucidate the implications for optic nerve regeneration. This screening showed that the activity of only cellular coagulation factor XIII (cFXIII) was increased in goldfish optic nerves just after nerve injury. We therefore cloned a full-length cDNA clone of FXIII A subunit (FXIII-A) and studied temporal changes of FXIII-A expression in goldfish optic nerve and retina during regeneration. FXIII-A mRNA was initially detected at the crush site of the optic nerve 1h after injury; it was further observed in the optic nerve and achieved sustained long-term expression (1-40days after nerve injury). The cells producing FXIII-A were astrocytes/microglial cells in the optic nerve. By contrast, the expression of FXIII-A mRNA and protein was upregulated in RGCs for a shorter time (3-10days after nerve injury). Overexpression of FXIII-A in RGCs achieved by lipofection induced significant neurite outgrowth from unprimed retina, but not from primed retina with pretreatment of nerve injury. Addition of extracts of optic nerves with injury induced significant neurite outgrowth from primed retina, but not from unprimed retina without pretreatment of nerve injury. The transient increase of cFXIII in RGCs promotes neurite sprouting from injured RGCs, whereas the sustained increase of cFXIII in optic nerves facilitates neurite elongation from regrowing axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Sugitani
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan.
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32
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Wan W, Liu Z, Wang X, Luo X. Dark rearing maintains tyrosine hydroxylase expression in retinal amacrine cells following optic nerve transection. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:18-23. [PMID: 25806053 PMCID: PMC4354110 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined changes in retinal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in rats having undergone optic nerve transection and housed under a normal day/night cycle or in the dark. The aim was to investigate the effects of amacrine cells on axonal regeneration in retinal ganglion cells and on the synapses that transmit visual signals. The results revealed that retinal TH expression gradually decreased following optic nerve transection in rats housed under a normal day/night cycle, reaching a minimum at 5 days. In contrast, retinal TH expression decreased to a minimum at 1 day following optic nerve transection in dark reared rats, gradually increasing afterward and reaching a normal level at 5–7 days. The number of TH-positive synaptic particles correlated with the TH levels, indicating that dark rearing can help maintain TH expression during the synaptic degeneration stage (5–7 days after optic nerve injury) in retinal amacrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China ; Department of Human Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhenghai Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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