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Yeni Y, Genc S, Ertugrul MS, Nadaroglu H, Gezer A, Mendil AS, Hacımuftuoglu A. Neuroprotective effects of L-Dopa-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles on the rat model of 6-OHDA-ınduced Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19077. [PMID: 39154054 PMCID: PMC11330516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative case. As the disease progresses, the response time to doses of levodopa (L-Dopa) becomes shorter and the effects of the drug are severely limited by some undesirable side effects such as the 'on-off' phenomenon. In several diseases, including Parkinson's, nanoparticles can deliver antioxidant compounds that reduce oxidative stress. This study evaluates and compares the neuroprotective effects of L-Dopa-modified zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat model. For this purpose, the synthesis of NPs was carried out. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer were used for characterization. The rats were randomized into 9 experimental groups: control, lesion group (6-OHDA), 6-OHDA + 5 mg/kg L-Dopa, 6-OHDA + 10 mg/kg L-Dopa, 6-OHDA + 20 mg/kg L-Dopa, 6-OHDA + 20 mg/kg ZnNPs, 6-OHDA + 40 mg/kg ZnNPs, 6-OHDA + 30 mg/kg ZnNPs + L-Dopa, and 6-OHDA + 60 mg/kg ZnNPs + L-Dopa. Behavioral tests were performed on all groups 14 days after treatment. Phosphatase and tensin homolog, Excitatory amino acid transporter 1/2, and Glutamine synthetase gene analyses were performed on brain samples taken immediately after the tests. In addition, histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to determine the general structure and properties of the tissues. We obtained important findings that L-Dopa-modified ZnNPs increased the activity of glutamate transporters. Our experiment showed that glutamate increases neuronal cell vitality and improves behavioral performance. Therefore, L-Dopa-modified ZnNPs can be used to prevent neurotoxicity. According to what we found, results show that L-Dopa-modified ZnNPs will lend to the effective avoidance and therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 44210, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Sıdıka Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Sait Ertugrul
- Department of Food, Feed and Medicine, Hemp Research Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational College of Technical Science, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Gezer
- Department of Health Care Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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2
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Bonastre-Sabater I, Lopera A, Martínez-Camarena Á, Blasco S, Doménech-Carbó A, Jiménez HR, Verdejo B, García-España E, Clares MP. Exo- or endo-1 H-pyrazole metal coordination modulated by the polyamine chain length in [1 + 1] condensation azamacrocycles. Binuclear complexes with remarkable SOD activity. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38973348 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The Cu2+ complexes of three [1 + 1] azacyclophane macrocycles having the 1H-pyrazole ring as the spacer and the pentaamine 1,5,8,11,15-pentaazadecane (L1) or hexaamines 1,5,8,12,15,19-hexaazanonadecane (L2) and 1,5,9,13,17,21-hexaazaheneicosane (L3) as bridges show endo- coordination of the pyrazolate bridge giving rise to discrete monomeric species. Previously reported pyrazolacyclophanes evidenced, however, exo-coordination with the formation of dimeric species of 2 : 2, 3 : 2 or even 4 : 2 Cu2+ : L stoichiometry. The complexes have been characterized in solution using potentiometric studies, UV-Vis spectroscopy, paramagnetic NMR, cyclic voltammetry and mass spectrometry. The measurements show that all three ligands have as many protonation steps in water as secondary amines are in the bridge, while they are able to form both mono- and binuclear Cu2+ species. The crystal structures of the complexes [Cu(HL1)Br]Br(1+x)(ClO4)(1-x)·yH2O (1) and [Cu2(H-1L2)Cl(ClO4)](ClO4)·H2O·C2H5OH (2) have been solved by X-ray diffraction studies. In 1 the metal ion lies at one side of the macrocyclic cavity being coordinated by one nitrogen of the pyrazolate moiety and the three consecutive nitrogen atoms of the polyamine bridge. The other nitrogen of the pyrazole ring is hydrogen-bonded to an amine group. In 2 the two metal ions are interconnected by a pyrazolate bis(monodentate) moiety and complete their coordination spheres with three amines and either a bromide or a perchlorate anion, which occupy the axial positions of distorted square pyramid geometries. Paramagnetic NMR studies of the binuclear complexes confirm the coordination pattern observed in the crystal structures. Cyclic voltamperommetry data show potentials within the adequate range to exhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The IC50 values calculated by McCord-Fridovich enzymatic assays show that the binuclear Cu2+ complexes of L2 and L3 have SOD activities that rank amongst the highest ones reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bonastre-Sabater
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular. Universidad de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Lopera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular. Universidad de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Camarena
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular. Universidad de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Blasco
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular. Universidad de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Calle Dr Moliner s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hermas R Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Calle Doctor Moliner s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Verdejo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular. Universidad de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Enrique García-España
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular. Universidad de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Paz Clares
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular. Universidad de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Ikram H, Zakir R, Haleem DJ. Memory enhancing and neuroprotective effects of apomorphine in a rat model of dementia. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01372-1. [PMID: 38896206 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress from generation of increased reactive oxygen species or has been reported to play an important role in dementia. Oxidative stress due to free radicals of oxygen or reactive oxygen species could be precipitating factors in the etiology of dementia. Apomorphine has been reported to have neuroprotective effects. To monitor memory enhancing and neuroprotective effects of apomorphine, we determined the antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in brain and plasma, following repetitive administration of apomorphine in rat model of dementia. Biogenic amine levels were also monitored in hippocampus. Repeated administration of scopolamine was taken as an animal model of dementia. Decreased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were observed in these animal models of dementia. While increased lipid peroxidation was also observed in the brain and plasma samples. The results showed significant effects of apomorphine. The activities of antioxidant enzymes displayed increased activities in both brain and plasma. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were found to be significantly higher in brain and plasma of apomorphine treated rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly decreased in plasma of scopolamine injected rats; and a decreased tendency (non-significant) of SOD in brain was also observed. AChE activity in brain and plasma was significantly decreased in scopolamine treated rats. Learning and memory of rats in the present study was assessed by Morris Water Maze (MWM). Short-term memory and long-term memory was impaired significantly in scopolamine treated rats, which was prevented by apomorphine. Moreover, a marked decrease in biogenic amines was also found in the brain of scopolamine treated rats and was reverted in apomorphine treated rats. Results showed that scopolamine-treatment induced memory impairment and induced oxidative stress in rats as compared to saline-treated controls. These impairments were significantly restored by apomorphine administration. In conclusion, our data suggests that apomorphine at the dose of 1 mg/kg could be a potential therapeutic agent to treat dementia and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Ikram
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Rumaisa Zakir
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research-ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Kalita K, Phukan SJ, Garai S, Sankaranarayanan K. Polyoxometalates Mediated Amyloid Fibrillation Dynamics and Restoration of Enzyme Activity of Hen Egg White Lysozyme Treated under Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3423-3429. [PMID: 38284079 PMCID: PMC10809371 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the most devastating disorders worldwide. Although a definite mechanistic pathway of neurodegenerative disorders is still not clear, it is almost clear that these diseases are initiated by protein misfolding. Hen Egg White Lysozyme (Lyz) can be converted to highly arranged amyloid fibrils and is therefore considered a good model protein for studying protein aggregation in connection to neurodegeneration. In this study, Lyz has been converted to fibrils using He-air gas fed single jet cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). The reactive oxygen species and the reactive nitrogen species produced by the plasma jet interact with the protein molecules and enhance the fibril formation. We monitored the fibrillation kinetics with the Thioflavin T (ThT) assay and observed that fibrils are formed when the samples are treated for 10 min with He-air gas fed CAP. Further, we studied the role of a special class of inorganic nanomaterials called polyoxometalates (POMs) in the process of the Lyz fibrillation using various biophysical techniques. The Keggin POMs used in this study are phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and silico molybdic acid (SMA). Keggin POMs bring in structural self-assembly of the protein and disrupt the fibrils as evidenced in the ThT assay and TEM analysis. Molecular docking studies together with electrokinetic potential studies show the interactions between POMs and Lyz dominated via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The enzyme activity of Lyz was assessed using the substrate Micrococcus lysodeikticus and after treatment with POMs results showed a significant increase in the activity. This study could pave way for looking into Keggin POMs for possible application in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaberi Kalita
- Physical
Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced
Study in Science and Technology (An Autonomous Institute Under DST,
Government of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Shankab J. Phukan
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somenath Garai
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamatchi Sankaranarayanan
- Physical
Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced
Study in Science and Technology (An Autonomous Institute Under DST,
Government of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
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5
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Ficiarà E, Molinar C, Gazzin S, Jayanti S, Argenziano M, Nasi L, Casoli F, Albertini F, Ansari SA, Marcantoni A, Tomagra G, Carabelli V, Guiot C, D’Agata F, Cavalli R. Developing Iron Nanochelating Agents: Preliminary Investigation of Effectiveness and Safety for Central Nervous System Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:729. [PMID: 38255803 PMCID: PMC10815234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive iron levels are believed to contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders by promoting oxidative stress and harmful protein clustering. Novel chelation treatments that can effectively remove excess iron while minimizing negative effects on the nervous system are being explored. This study focuses on the creation and evaluation of innovative nanobubble (NB) formulations, shelled with various polymers such as glycol-chitosan (GC) and glycol-chitosan conjugated with deferoxamine (DFO), to enhance their ability to bind iron. Various methods were used to evaluate their physical and chemical properties, chelation capacity in diverse iron solutions and impact on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, the GC-DFO NBs demonstrated the ability to decrease amyloid-β protein misfolding caused by iron. To assess potential toxicity, in vitro cytotoxicity testing was conducted using organotypic brain cultures from the substantia nigra, revealing no adverse effects at appropriate concentrations. Additionally, the impact of NBs on spontaneous electrical signaling in hippocampal neurons was examined. Our findings suggest a novel nanochelation approach utilizing DFO-conjugated NBs for the removal of excess iron in cerebral regions, potentially preventing neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ficiarà
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Chiara Molinar
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Sri Jayanti
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Lucia Nasi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM) CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.N.); (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Casoli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM) CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.N.); (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Franca Albertini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM) CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.N.); (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Shoeb Anwar Ansari
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.A.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Giulia Tomagra
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.A.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Federico D’Agata
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.A.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
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Yin J, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z, Li C, Ban X, Zhu L, Gu Z. A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Glycemic Carbohydrates on the Neurocognitive Functions Based on Gut Microenvironment Regulation and Glycemic Fluctuation Control. Nutrients 2023; 15:5080. [PMID: 38140339 PMCID: PMC10745758 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper glycemic carbohydrates (GCs) consumption can be a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which may lead to cognitive impairment. Although several potential mechanisms have been studied, the biological relationship between carbohydrate consumption and neurocognitive impairment is still uncertain. In this review, the main effects and mechanisms of GCs' digestive characteristics on cognitive functions are comprehensively elucidated. Additionally, healthier carbohydrate selection, a reliable research model, and future directions are discussed. Individuals in their early and late lives and patients with metabolic diseases are highly susceptible to dietary-induced cognitive impairment. It is well known that gut function is closely related to dietary patterns. Unhealthy carbohydrate diet-induced gut microenvironment disorders negatively impact cognitive functions through the gut-brain axis. Moreover, severe glycemic fluctuations, due to rapidly digestible carbohydrate consumption or metabolic diseases, can impair neurocognitive functions by disrupting glucose metabolism, dysregulating calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and accumulating advanced glycation end products. Unstable glycemic status can lead to more severe neurological impairment than persistent hyperglycemia. Slow-digested or resistant carbohydrates might contribute to better neurocognitive functions due to stable glycemic response and healthier gut functions than fully gelatinized starch and nutritive sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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7
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Padmanaban S, Pully D, Samrot AV, Gosu V, Sadasivam N, Park IK, Radhakrishnan K, Kim DK. Rising Influence of Nanotechnology in Addressing Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1405. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the survival and decline of various biological systems. In liver-related metabolic disorders such as steatohepatitis, ROS can act as both a cause and a consequence. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two distinct types of steatohepatitis. Recently, there has been growing interest in using medications that target ROS formation and reduce ROS levels as a therapeutic approach for oxidative stress-related liver disorders. Mammalian systems have developed various antioxidant defenses to protect against excessive ROS generation. These defenses modulate ROS through a series of reactions, limiting their potential impact. However, as the condition worsens, exogenous antioxidants become necessary to control ROS levels. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue, utilizing nanocomplex systems as efficient nano-antioxidants. These systems demonstrate enhanced delivery of antioxidants to the target site, minimizing leakage and improving targeting accuracy. Therefore, it is essential to explore the evolving field of nanotechnology as an effective means to lower ROS levels and establish efficient therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Durgasruthi Pully
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Vijayakumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanthini Sadasivam
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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8
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Padmanaban S, Pully D, Samrot AV, Gosu V, Sadasivam N, Park IK, Radhakrishnan K, Kim DK. Rising Influence of Nanotechnology in Addressing Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1405. [PMID: 37507944 PMCID: PMC10376173 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the survival and decline of various biological systems. In liver-related metabolic disorders such as steatohepatitis, ROS can act as both a cause and a consequence. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two distinct types of steatohepatitis. Recently, there has been growing interest in using medications that target ROS formation and reduce ROS levels as a therapeutic approach for oxidative stress-related liver disorders. Mammalian systems have developed various antioxidant defenses to protect against excessive ROS generation. These defenses modulate ROS through a series of reactions, limiting their potential impact. However, as the condition worsens, exogenous antioxidants become necessary to control ROS levels. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue, utilizing nanocomplex systems as efficient nano-antioxidants. These systems demonstrate enhanced delivery of antioxidants to the target site, minimizing leakage and improving targeting accuracy. Therefore, it is essential to explore the evolving field of nanotechnology as an effective means to lower ROS levels and establish efficient therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Durgasruthi Pully
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antony V Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Vijayakumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanthini Sadasivam
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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9
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Mohammad, Khan UA, Warsi MH, Alkreathy HM, Karim S, Jain GK, Ali A. Intranasal cerium oxide nanoparticles improves locomotor activity and reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in haloperidol-induced parkinsonism in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188470. [PMID: 37324485 PMCID: PMC10267740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to their potent and regenerative antioxidant activity. In the present study, CONPs were used to ameliorate the oxidative stress caused by free radicals in haloperidol-induced PD in rats following intranasal administration. Method: The antioxidant potential of the CONPs was evaluated in vitro using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The penetration and local toxicity of the CONPs was evaluated ex-vivo using goat nasal mucosa. The acute local toxicity of intranasal CONPs was also studied in rat. Gamma scintigraphy was used to assess the targeted brain delivery of CONPs. Acute toxicity studies were performed in rats to demonstrate safety of intranasal CONPs. Further, open field test, pole test, biochemical estimations and brain histopathology was performed to evaluate efficacy of intranasal CONPs in haloperidol-induced PD rat model. Results: The FRAP assay revealed highest antioxidant activity of prepared CONPs at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. Confocal microscopy showed deep and homogenous distribution of CONPs in the goat nasal mucus layers. No signs of irritation or injury were seen in goat nasal membrane when treated with optimized CONPs. Scintigraphy studies in rats showed targeted brain delivery of intranasal CONPs and acute toxicity study demonstrated safety. The results of open field and pole test showed highly significant (p < 0.001) improvement in locomotor activity of rats treated with intranasal CONPs compared to untreated rats. Further, brain histopathology of treatment group rats showed reduced neurodegeneration with presence of more live cells. The amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was reduced significantly, whereas the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GSH were increased significantly, while amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) showed significant reduction after intranasal administration of CONPs. Also, the intranasal CONPs, significantly high (p < 0.001) dopamine concentration (13.93 ± 0.85 ng/mg protein) as compared to haloperidol-induced control rats (5.76 ± 0.70 ng/mg protein). Conclusion: The overall results concluded that the intranasal CONPs could be safe and effective therapeutics for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Urooj Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
- Center for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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10
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Mirzaei M, Furxhi I, Murphy F, Mullins M. Employing Supervised Algorithms for the Prediction of Nanomaterial's Antioxidant Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032792. [PMID: 36769135 PMCID: PMC9918003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are compounds that readily transform into free radicals. Excessive exposure to ROS depletes antioxidant enzymes that protect cells, leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Nanomaterials (NMs) exhibit free radical scavenging efficiency representing a potential solution for oxidative stress-induced disorders. This study aims to demonstrate the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms for predicting the antioxidant efficiency of NMs. We manually compiled a comprehensive dataset based on a literature review of 62 in vitro studies. We extracted NMs' physico-chemical (P-chem) properties, the NMs' synthesis technique and various experimental conditions as input features to predict the antioxidant efficiency measured by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Following data pre-processing, various regression models were trained and validated. The random forest model showed the highest predictive performance reaching an R2 = 0.83. The attribute importance analysis revealed that the NM's type, core-size and dosage are the most important attributes influencing the prediction. Our findings corroborate with those of the prior research landscape regarding the importance of P-chem characteristics. This study expands the application of ML in the nano-domain beyond safety-related outcomes by capturing the functional performance. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to develop a model to forecast the antioxidant efficiency of NMs to complement conventional in vitro assays and (2) to underline the lack of a comprehensive database and the scarcity of relevant data and/or data management practices in the nanotechnology field, especially with regards to functionality assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mirzaei
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Irini Furxhi
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93 Limerick, Ireland
- Transgero Limited, Newcastle West, V42V384 Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-85-106-9771
| | - Finbarr Murphy
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Martin Mullins
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93 Limerick, Ireland
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11
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Majeed S, Mohd Rozi NAB, Danish M, Mohamad Ibrahim M, Joel EL. Invitro apoptosis and molecular response of engineered green iron oxide nanoparticles with l-arginine in MD-MBA 231 breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Wang M, Sun X, Wang Y, Deng X, Miao J, Zhao D, Sun K, Li M, Wang X, Sun W, Qin J. Construction of Selenium Nanoparticle-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Potential Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities as a Selenium Supplement. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44851-44860. [PMID: 36530304 PMCID: PMC9753530 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage cells and affect normal cell functions, which are related to various diseases. Selenium nanoparticles are a potential selenium supplement for their good biocompatibility and antioxidant activity. However, their poor stability has become an obstacle for further applications. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared as a carrier of selenium nanoparticles. Pluronic F68 (PF68) was used for the surface modification of the compounds to prevent the leakage of the selenium nanoparticles. The prepared MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles showed excellent antioxidant activity in HeLa tumor cells and zebrafish larvae. The cytotoxicity of MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles was concentration- and time-dependent in HeLa tumor cells. The MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles showed a negligible cytotoxicity of ≤2 μg/mL at 48 h. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL, the cell viability of the HeLa tumor cells decreased to about 50%. The results indicated that the MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles could be a potential antitumor agent. The embryonic development of zebrafish cocultured with the MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles showed that there was no lethal or obvious teratogenic toxicity. The results implied that the MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles could be a safe selenium supplement and have the potential for antioxidant and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Sun
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Deng
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Miao
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Donghe Zhao
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Kunqi Sun
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Minrui Li
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- School
of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Qin
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
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13
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Ajenikoko MK, Ajagbe AO, Onigbinde OA, Okesina AA, Tijani AA. Review of Alzheimer's disease drugs and their relationship with neuron-glia interaction. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 14:64-76. [PMID: 36593897 PMCID: PMC9803919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Because Alzheimer's disease has no known treatment, sufferers and their caregivers must concentrate on symptom management. Astrocytes and microglia are now known to play distinct physiological roles in synaptic function, the blood-brain barrier, and neurovascular coupling. Consequently, the search for drugs that can slow the degenerative process in dementia sufferers continues because existing drugs are designed to alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Drugs that address pathological changes without interfering with the normal function of glia, such as eliminating amyloid-beta deposits, are prospective treatments for neuroinflammatory illnesses. Because neuron-astrocytes-microglia interactions are so complex, developing effective, preventive, and therapeutic medications for AD will necessitate novel methodologies and strategic targets. This review focused on existing medications used in treating AD amongst which include Donepezil, Choline Alphoscerate, Galantamine, Dextromethorphan, palmitoylethanolamide, citalopram, resveratrol, and solanezumab. This review summarizes the effects of these drugs on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia interactions based on their pharmacokinetic properties, mechanism of action, dosing, and clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kunle Ajenikoko
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda,Correspondence to: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda.
| | - Abayomi Oyeyemi Ajagbe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, P.M.B. 900001 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwanisola Akanji Onigbinde
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, P.M.B. 900001 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Ayodeji Okesina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Ahmad Adekilekun Tijani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria
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14
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Laser empowered ‘chemo-free’ phytotherapy: Newer approach in anticancer therapeutics delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Ultra-fast sustainable synthesis, optimization and characterization of guava phenolic extract functionalized nanosilver with enhanced biomimetic attributes. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Biodegradable Nanoparticles Loaded with Levodopa and Curcumin for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092811. [PMID: 35566173 PMCID: PMC9101601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Levodopa (L-DOPA) remains the gold-standard drug available for treating PD. Curcumin has many pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-amyloid, and antitumor properties. Copolymers composed of Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and biodegradable polyesters such as Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs). This study describes the development of NH2–PEO–PCL diblock copolymer positively charged and modified by adding glutathione (GSH) on the outer surface, resulting in a synergistic delivery of L-DOPA curcumin that would be able to pass the blood–brain barrier. Methods: The NH2–PEO–PCL NPs suspensions were prepared by using a nanoprecipitation and solvent displacement method and coated with GSH. NPs were submitted to characterization assays. In order to ensure the bioavailability, Vero and PC12 cells were treated with various concentrations of the loaded and unloaded NPs to observe cytotoxicity. Results: NPs have successfully loaded L-DOPA and curcumin and were stable after freeze-drying, indicating advancing into in vitro toxicity testing. Vero and PC12 cells that were treated up to 72 h with various concentrations of L-DOPA and curcumin-loaded NP maintained high viability percentage, indicating that the NPs are biocompatible. Conclusions: NPs consisting of NH2–PEO–PCL were characterized as potential formulations for brain delivery of L-DOPA and curcumin. The results also indicate that the developed biodegradable nanomicelles that were blood compatible presented low cytotoxicity.
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17
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Jurcau A, Ardelean AI. Oxidative Stress in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries following Acute Ischemic Stroke. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030574. [PMID: 35327376 PMCID: PMC8945353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recanalization therapy is increasingly used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, in about one third of these patients, recanalization is followed by ischemia/reperfusion injuries, and clinically to worsening of the neurological status. Much research has focused on unraveling the involved mechanisms in order to prevent or efficiently treat these injuries. What we know so far is that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, despite promising results obtained in experimental research, clinical studies trying to interfere with the oxidative pathways have mostly failed. The current article discusses the main mechanisms leading to ischemia/reperfusion injuries, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, and reviews the clinical trials with antioxidant molecules highlighting recent developments and future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Municipal Hospital Oradea, Louis Pasteur Street nr 26, 410054 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-600-833
| | - Adriana Ioana Ardelean
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Universitatii Street nr 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency County Hospital Oradea, Gh. Doja Street nr 65, 410169 Oradea, Romania
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18
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Sarnatskaya V, Shlapa Y, Lykhova A, Brieieva O, Prokopenko I, Sidorenko A, Solopan S, Kolesnik D, Belous A, Nikolaev V. Structure and biological activity of particles produced from highly activated carbon adsorbent. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09163. [PMID: 35846471 PMCID: PMC9280586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the recent years, carbon particles have gained relevance in the field of biomedical application to diminish the level of endo-/exogenous intoxication and oxidative stress products, which occur at different pathological states. However, it is very important that such carbon particles, specially developed for parenteral administration or per oral usage, possess a high adsorption potential and can remove hazard toxic substances of the hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic nature usually accumulated in the blood due to the disease, and be absolutely safe for normal living cells and tissues of organism. In this work, the stable monodisperse suspension containing very small-sized (Dhydro = 1125.3 ± 243.8 nm) and highly pure carbon particles with an excellent accepting ability were obtained. UV-spectra, fluorescence quenching constant and binding association constant were provided by the information about conformational alterations in an albumin molecule in presence of carbon particles, about the dynamic type of quenching process and low binding affinity between carbon and protein. The later was confirmed by DSC method. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that carbon particles did not possess any cytotoxic effect towards all testing the normal cell lines of different histogenesis, did not show genotoxic effects and were absolutely safe for experimental animals during and after their parenteral administration. These observations may provide more information about how to develop a safe preparation of carbon particles for different biomedical applications, in particular, as a mean for intracorporeal therapy of various heavy diseases accompanied by the increased endogenous intoxication and the level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sarnatskaya
- Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Shlapa
- V. I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 32/34, Palladina Ave., Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
- Corresponding author.
| | - Alexandra Lykhova
- Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Olga Brieieva
- Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Igor Prokopenko
- Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Alexey Sidorenko
- Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Solopan
- V. I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 32/34, Palladina Ave., Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Denis Kolesnik
- Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Belous
- V. I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 32/34, Palladina Ave., Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Nikolaev
- Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
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19
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Targeting autophagy, oxidative stress, and ER stress for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. J Control Release 2022; 345:147-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Shah ST, Chowdhury ZZ, Johan MRB, Badruddin IA, Khaleed HMT, Kamangar S, Alrobei H. Surface Functionalization of Magnetite Nanoparticles with Multipotent Antioxidant as Potential Magnetic Nanoantioxidants and Antimicrobial Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030789. [PMID: 35164054 PMCID: PMC8840749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared using the coprecipitation method followed by functionalization with a multipotent antioxidant (MPAO). The MPAO was synthesized and analyzed using FTIR and NMR techniques. In this study, the functionalized nanoparticles (IONP@AO) were produced and evaluated using the FTIR, XRD, Raman, HRTEM, FESEM, VSM, and EDX techniques. The average determined particle size of IONP@AO was 10 nanometers. In addition, it demonstrated superparamagnetic properties. The magnitude of saturation magnetization value attained was 45 emu g−1. Virtual screenings of the MPAO’s potential bioactivities and safety profile were performed using PASS analysis and ADMET studies before the synthesis step. For the DPPH test, IONP@AO was found to have a four-fold greater ability to scavenge free radicals than unfunctional IONP. The antimicrobial properties of IONP@AO were also demonstrated against a variety of bacteria and fungi. The interaction of developed nanoantioxiants with biomolecules makes it a broad-spectrum candidate in biomedicine and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Tawab Shah
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.T.S.); (M.R.B.J.)
| | - Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.T.S.); (M.R.B.J.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-37-967-2929 or +60-10-267-5621
| | - Mohd. Rafie Bin Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.T.S.); (M.R.B.J.)
| | - Irfan Anjum Badruddin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.B.); (S.K.)
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. M. T. Khaleed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarfaraz Kamangar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Hussein Alrobei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia;
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Omran B, Baek KH. Nanoantioxidants: Pioneer Types, Advantages, Limitations, and Future Insights. Molecules 2021; 26:7031. [PMID: 34834124 PMCID: PMC8624789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are generated as byproducts of normal metabolic processes as well as due to exposure to several environmental pollutants. They are highly reactive species, causing cellular damage and are associated with a plethora of oxidative stress-related diseases and disorders. Antioxidants can control autoxidation by interfering with free radical propagation or inhibiting free radical formation, reducing oxidative stress, improving immune function, and increasing health longevity. Antioxidant functionalized metal nanoparticles, transition metal oxides, and nanocomposites have been identified as potent nanoantioxidants. They can be formulated in monometallic, bimetallic, and multi-metallic combinations via chemical and green synthesis techniques. The intrinsic antioxidant properties of nanomaterials are dependent on their tunable configuration, physico-chemical properties, crystallinity, surface charge, particle size, surface-to-volume ratio, and surface coating. Nanoantioxidants have several advantages over conventional antioxidants, involving increased bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted delivery to the site of action. This review emphasizes the most pioneering types of nanoantioxidants such as nanoceria, silica nanoparticles, polydopamine nanoparticles, and nanocomposite-, polysaccharide-, and protein-based nanoantioxidants. This review overviews the antioxidant potential of biologically synthesized nanomaterials, which have emerged as significant alternatives due to their biocompatibility and high stability. The promising nanoencapsulation nanosystems such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and liposome nanoparticles are highlighted. The advantages, limitations, and future insights of nanoantioxidant applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
- Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
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22
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Aloisio C, Shah AV, Longhi M, Serajuddin ATM. Development of self-microemulsifying lipid-based formulations of trans-resveratrol by systematically constructing lipid-surfactant-water phase diagrams using long-chain lipids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:897-907. [PMID: 34033503 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1934866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop self-microemulsifying lipid-based formulations of trans-resveratrol in cod liver oil, a long chain lipid, to increase its solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Ternary phase diagrams of cod liver oil with surfactant and water as well as pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the same by mixing cod liver oil (triglyceride) with glycerol monooleate (monoglyeride) were constructed to identify regions where microemulsions were formed. Kolliphor RH 40, Tween 80 and their 1:1-mixtures were evaluated as surfactants. No organic cosolvents were added. It was observed that cod liver oil alone did not form microemulsion with any of the surfactants used, and a 1:1 mixture of cod liver oil and glycerol monooleate was necessary to enable the formation of microemulsion. Among the surfactants, Kolliphor RH 40 provided the maximum microemulsification effect. Several formulations containing 6:4, 1:1, and 4:6 w/w ratios of lipid to surfactant using the 1:1 mixture of cod liver oil and glycerol monooleate as lipid components and Kolliphor RH 40 or its mixture with Tween 80 as surfactants were identified, and trans-resveratrol solubility in these formulations were determined. Drug concentrations used in the formulations were 80% of saturation solubility, and no organic cosolvents were used in any formulations to increase drug solubility or enable emulsification. In vitro dispersion testing in 250 mL of 0.01 N HCl (pH 2) according to the USP method 2 at 50 RPM showed that the formulations rapidly dispersed in aqueous media forming microemulsions and there was no drug precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aloisio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.,Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ankita V Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.,Freund-Vector Corporation, Marion, IA, USA
| | - Marcela Longhi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
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Kuo YC, Tsai HC, Rajesh R. Glutathione Liposomes Carrying Ceftriaxone, FK506, and Nilotinib to Control Overexpressed Dopamine Markers and Apoptotic Factors in Neurons. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3242-3255. [PMID: 34189904 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in liposomal formulation carrying multiple neuroprotective drugs, such as ceftriaxone (CEF), FK506, and nilotinib, can point toward an approach to obviating the difficulties in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. We prepared functionalized liposomes decorated with glutathione (GSH) to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cardiolipin (CL) to link up apoptotic neurons. Further, the effect of CEF-FK506-nilotinib-GSH-CL-liposomes on a PD model established by SH-SY5Y cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity was investigated. An increment of the mole percentage of dihexadecyl phosphate and CL increased the particle size and the absolute value of ζ potential, improved the entrapment efficiency of CEF, FK506, and nilotinib, and reduced the drug-releasing rate. The toxicity studies revealed that CEF, FK506, and nilotinib-encapsulated liposomes could enhance the survival of SH-SY5Y cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed that incorporation of CL in a lipid bilayer ameliorated the docking of CEF-FK506-nilotinib-GSH-CL-liposomes at α-synuclein (α-syn), indicating a better targeting capability of the liposomes to degenerated neurons. Treatment with CEF-FK506-nilotinib-GSH-CL-liposomes reduced the expression of Bax and α-syn and promoted the expression of Bcl-2, tyrosine hydroxylase, and the dopamine transporter. GSH- and CL-conjugated liposomes showed combined activity of targeting the BBB and α-syn and augmented the efficiency of the three drugs in rescuing dopaminergic neurons for neurodegenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - He-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Alleviation of silver nanoparticle-induced sexual behavior and testicular parameters dysfunction in male mice by yttrium oxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1121-1130. [PMID: 34141599 PMCID: PMC8188060 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to silver nanoparticles decreased the weight of the reproductive organs, sexual behavior, oxidative defense parameters, sperm count and their motility in male mice. In addition, serum testosterone, apoptotic germ cells and testicular histology were also disrupted due to silver nanoparticles. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles have protective effects on sexual behavior and spermatotoxicity induced by silver nanoparticles in male mice. The toxicity of silver nanoparticles altered testicular functions that were effectively ameliorated by yttrium oxide nanoparticles.
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can easily cross through the blood-testis barrier and encourage reproductive dysfunction. This study investigated the protective effects of yttrium oxide nanoparticles (YO-NPs) on sexual behavior and spermatotoxicity induced by Ag-NPs in male mice. Twenty-four male mice were separated into four groups and injected intraperitoneally once a week as the following: group I (Ag-NPs at the dose of 40 mg/kg), group II (YO-NPs at the dose of 40 mg/kg), group III (Ag + YO NPs at the doses of 40 mg/kg, each) and group IV (control; distilled water). After 35 days of the injections, the sexual behavior, oxidative parameters in testis, sperm parameters, serum testosterone, apoptotic germ cells and testicular histology were evaluated. Our findings showed that Ag-NPs decreased the weight of the reproductive organs, sexual behavior, oxidative defense parameters, sperm count and motility of male mice. In addition, the apoptotic cells in testicular cross-sections and TBARS level increased after Ag-NPs exposure when compared to other groups. However, the YO-NPs had protective effects in the studied parameters of testicles and minimized the Ag-NPs toxicity in male mice. In conclusion, the results revealed that the toxicity of Ag-NPS altered testicular functions in male mice that were effectively ameliorated by YO-NPs.
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New Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Antioxidant Activity by Surface Functionalization of Niosomes with Natural Phenolic Acids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060766. [PMID: 34063874 PMCID: PMC8224007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoantioxidants have emerged as smart devices able to provide improved stability and biocompatibility and sustained and targeted release of conventional antioxidants. In the current research, a new family of nanoantioxidants has been developed by covalently grafting gallic (GA), caffeic (CF) and ferulic (FR) acid on the surfaces of Tween 80 niosomes. First, empty and curcumin (CUR)-loaded vesicles were prepared using a thin-layer evaporation technique and then functionalized with phenolic acids using carbodiimide chemistry. Nanoantioxidants obtained were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and loading efficiency. Their antioxidant activity was studied by ABTS and DPPH assays. Surface functionalization of empty and CUR-loaded vesicles provided stable vesicles with intrinsic antioxidant properties. In vitro antioxidant assays highlighted that vesicles functionalized with FR or GA exhibited better antioxidant activity compared to CF-grafted niosomes. Furthermore, vesicles loaded with CUR and functionalized with GA and CF showed an enhanced scavenging ability of ABTS and DPPH radicals, compared to the single antioxidant-loaded formulations, highlighting an important synergic effect of CUR when used in combination with GA ad CF.
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The Role of Nanomaterials in Stroke Treatment: Targeting Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8857486. [PMID: 33815664 PMCID: PMC7990543 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8857486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke has a high rate of morbidity and disability, which seriously endangers human health. In stroke, oxidative stress leads to further damage to the brain tissue. Therefore, treatment for oxidative stress is urgently needed. However, antioxidative drugs have demonstrated obvious protective effects in preclinical studies, but the clinical studies have not seen breakthroughs. Nanomaterials, with their characteristically small size, can be used to deliver drugs and have demonstrated excellent performance in treating various diseases. Additionally, some nanomaterials have shown potential in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stroke according to the nature of nanomaterials. The drugs' delivery ability of nanomaterials has great significance for the clinical translation and application of antioxidants. It increases drug blood concentration and half-life and targets the ischemic brain to protect cells from oxidative stress-induced death. This review summarizes the characteristics and progress of nanomaterials in the application of antioxidant therapy in stroke, including ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and neural regeneration. We also discuss the prospect of nanomaterials for the treatment of oxidative stress in stroke and the challenges in their application, such as the toxicity and the off-target effects of nanomaterials.
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Chiang MC, Nicol CJB, Lin CH, Chen SJ, Yen C, Huang RN. Nanogold induces anti-inflammation against oxidative stress induced in human neural stem cells exposed to amyloid-beta peptide. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104992. [PMID: 33609598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive memory loss resulting in dementia. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease by promoting inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to neurodegeneration in the brains of AD patients. Numerous in vitro 3D cell culture models are useful mimics for understanding cellular changes that occur during AD under in vivo conditions. The 3D Bioprinter developed at the CELLINK INKREDIBLE was used in this study to directly investigate the influence of 3D conditions on human neural stem cells (hNSCs) exposed to Aβ. The development of anti-AD drugs is usually difficult, mainly due to a lack of therapeutic efficacy and enhanced serious side effects. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) demonstrate benefits in the treatment of several diseases, including AD, and may provide a novel therapeutic approach for AD patients. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms by which AuNPs exert these beneficial effects in hNSCs treated with Aβ are still not well understood. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that AuNPs protect against Aβ-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in hNSCs under 3D conditions. Here, we showed that AuNPs improved the viability of hNSCs exposed to Aβ, which was correlated with the reduction in the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, AuNPs rescued the levels of the transcripts of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK) in Aβ-treated hNSCs. The Aβ-mediated increases in mRNA, protein, and nuclear translocation levels of NF-κB (p65), a key transcription factor involved in inflammatory responses, were all significantly abrogated following co-treatment of hNSCs with AuNPs. In addition, treatment with AuNPs significantly restored iNOS and COX-2 levels in Aβ-treated hNSCs. Importantly, hNSCs co-treated with AuNPs were significantly protected from Aβ-induced oxidative stress, as detected using the DCFH-DA and DHE staining assays. Furthermore, hNSCs co-treated with AuNPs were significantly protected from the Aβ-induced reduction in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2 downstream antioxidant target genes (SOD-1, SOD-2, Gpx1, GSH, Catalase, and HO-1). Moreover, AuNPs reduced the aggregates and increased the proteasome activity and the expression of HSP27 and HSP70 genes in Aβ-treated hNSCs. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence extending our understanding of the molecular mechanisms under 3D scaffold conditions by which AuNPs reverse the inflammation and oxidative stress-induced in hNSCs exposed to Aβ. These findings may facilitate the development of novel treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.
| | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chiahui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, 111, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology and Research Center for Plant-Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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Yeo J, Lee J, Lee S, Kim WJ. Polymeric Antioxidant Materials for Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yeo
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- OmniaMed Co, Ltd Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggi Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio) Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- OmniaMed Co, Ltd Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio) Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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Hor SL, Teoh SL, Lim WL. Plant Polyphenols as Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson's Disease Targeting Oxidative Stress. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:458-476. [PMID: 31625473 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191017120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the human midbrain. Various ongoing research studies are competing to understand the pathology of PD and elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Current pharmacological treatments primarily focused on improving dopamine metabolism in PD patients, despite the side effects of long-term usage. In recent years, it is recognized that oxidative stress-mediated pathways lead to neurodegeneration in the brain, which is associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The importance of oxidative stress is often less emphasized when developing potential therapeutic approaches. Natural plant antioxidants have been shown to mediate the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD, which has gained considerable attention in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Yet, clinical trials on natural polyphenol compounds are limited, restricting the potential use of these compounds as an alternative treatment for PD. Therefore, this review provides an understanding of the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD by elucidating the underlying events contributing to oxidative stress and explore the potential use of polyphenols in improving the oxidative status in PD. Preclinical findings have supported the potential of polyphenols in providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced toxicity in PD. However, limiting factors, such as safety and bioavailability of polyphenols, warrant further investigations so as to make them the potential target for clinical applications in the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Lee Hor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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30
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Mosa IF, Abd HH, Abuzreda A, Assaf N, Yousif AB. Bio-evaluation of the role of chitosan and curcumin nanoparticles in ameliorating genotoxicity and inflammatory responses in rats' gastric tissue followed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles' oral uptake. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:493-508. [PMID: 32905138 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite has been extensively used in tissue engineering due to its osteogenic potency, but its present toxicological facts are relatively insufficient. Here, the possible gastric toxicity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was evaluated biochemically to determine oxidant and antioxidant parameters in rats' stomach tissues. At results, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have declined stomach antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione level, while an induction in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide has been observed. Furthermore, DNA oxidation was analyzed by the suppression of toll-like receptors 2, nuclear factor-kappa B and Forkhead box P3 gene expression and also 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine level as a genotoxicity indicator. Various pro-inflammatory gene products have been identified that intercede a vital role in proliferation and apoptosis suppression, among these products: tumor suppressor p53, tumor necrosis factor-α and interliukin-6. Moreover, the hydroxyapatite-treated group revealed wide histological alterations and significant elevation in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, which has been observed in the mucosal layer of the small intestine, and these alterations are an indication of small intestine injury, while the appearance of chitosan and curcumin nanoparticles in the combination group showed improvement in all the above parameters with inhibition of toxic-oxidant parameters and activation of antioxidant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa F Mosa
- Department of Biological Science and Animal Physiology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Haitham H Abd
- Department of Biological Science and Animal Physiology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Abdelsalam Abuzreda
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO), Benghazi, Libya
| | - Nadhom Assaf
- Department of Biological Science and Animal Physiology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amenh B Yousif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
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31
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Tahir H, Kosar N, Ayub K, Mahmood T. Outstanding NLO response of thermodynamically stable single and multiple alkaline earth metals doped C20 fullerene. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Casciaro B, Ghirga F, Quaglio D, Mangoni ML. Inorganic Gold and Polymeric Poly(Lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles as Novel Strategies to Ameliorate the Biological Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:429-438. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191203101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an interesting class of gene-encoded molecules
endowed with a broad-spectrum of anti-infective activity and immunomodulatory properties. They
represent promising candidates for the development of new antibiotics, mainly due to their membraneperturbing
mechanism of action that very rarely induces microbial resistance. However, bringing
AMPs into the clinical field is hampered by some intrinsic limitations, encompassing low peptide
bioavailability at the target site and high peptide susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. In this regard,
nanotechnologies represent an innovative strategy to circumvent these issues. According to the
literature, a large variety of nanoparticulate systems have been employed for drug-delivery, bioimaging,
biosensors or nanoantibiotics. The possibility of conjugating different types of molecules, including
AMPs, to these systems, allows the production of nanoformulations able to enhance the biological
profile of the compound while reducing its cytotoxicity and prolonging its residence time. In this minireview,
inorganic gold nanoparticles (NPs) and biodegradable polymeric NPs made of poly(lactide-coglycolide)
are described with particular emphasis on examples of the conjugation of AMPs to them, to
highlight the great potential of such nanoformulations as alternative antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Casciaro
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Arriagada F, Günther G, Morales J. Nanoantioxidant-Based Silica Particles as Flavonoid Carrier for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E302. [PMID: 32224905 PMCID: PMC7238062 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosystems used in pharmaceutical formulations have shown promising results in enhancing the administration of drugs of difficult formulations. In particular, porous silica nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent properties for application in biological systems; however, there are still several challenges related to the development of more effective and biocompatible materials. An interesting approach to enhance these nanomaterials has been the development of nanoantioxidant carriers. In this work, a hybrid nanoantioxidant carrier based on porous silica nanoplatform with rosmarinic acid antioxidant immobilized on its surface were developed and characterized. Techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) assay were used to characterize and evaluate the antioxidant activity of nanocarriers. In addition, drug release profile was evaluated using two biorelevant media. The antioxidant activity of rosmarinic acid was maintained, suggesting the correct disposition of the moiety. Kinetic studies reveal that more morin is released in the simulated intestinal fluid than in the gastric one, while an anomalous non-Fickian release mechanism was observed. These results suggest a promising antioxidant nanocarrier suitable for future application in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110033 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Germán Günther
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494 Santiago, Chile;
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Rajeswaran S, Somasundaram Thirugnanasambandan S, Dewangan NK, Moorthy RK, Kandasamy S, Vilwanathan R. Multifarious Pharmacological Applications of Green Routed Eco-Friendly Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized by Streptomyces Sp. (SRT12). Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:273-283. [PMID: 31256390 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple, eco-friendly, green routine co-precipitation method was experimented to synthesize iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) using the cell-free supernatant of actinobacteria. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), zeta potential analyser and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles were crystalline, quasi-spherical in shape and their average size ranged from 65.0 to 86.7 nm. In our radical scavenging assays, the nanoparticles have revealed a strong antioxidant activity with respective standard ascorbic acid. The nanoparticles also exhibited a wide bactericidal action on pathogens namely Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. At 75 μg/ml concentration, the nanoparticles showed the highest inhibition against S. aureus (16.2 ± 0.45 mm), the lowest zone of inhibition was seen against K. pneumoniae (12.3 ± 0.50 mm) and moderate inhibition on other strains. Further, its cytotoxicity was seen as effective against DU145 and PC3 cells. The morphological changes caused in the prostate cell lines due to antiproliferative effect were observed through DAPI and AO/EB staining. This synthesis method specifies a new route for biosynthesis of Fe-NPs and the accomplished results illustrates that it can be used for a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Rajeswaran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India.
| | | | - Naresh Kumar Dewangan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
| | - Rajesh Kannan Moorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Saravanan Kandasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Ravikumar Vilwanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Zayachkivska A, Lushchak O. Nanodelivery of Natural Antioxidants: An Anti-aging Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:447. [PMID: 31998711 PMCID: PMC6965023 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is known to be associated with heightened oxidative stress and related systemic inflammation. Therefore, antioxidant supplementation is regarded as a promising strategy to combat aging and associated pathological conditions. Food-grade antioxidants from plant-derived extracts are the most common ingredients of these supplements. Phyto-bioactive compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin are among the most commonly applied natural compounds used as potential modulators of the free radical-induced cellular damages. The therapeutic potential of these compounds is, however, restricted by their low bioavailability related to poor solubility, stability, and absorbance in gastrointestinal tract. Recently, novel nanotechnology-based systems were developed for therapeutic delivery of natural antioxidants with improved bioavailability and, consequently, efficacy in clinical practice. Such systems have provided many benefits in preclinical research over the conventional preparations, including superior solubility and stability, extended half-life, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and minimized side effects. The present review summarizes recent developments in nanodelivery of natural antioxidants and its application to combat pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Koliada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina Zayachkivska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Alavian F, Shams N. Oral and Intra-nasal Administration of Nanoparticles in the Cerebral Ischemia Treatment in Animal Experiments: Considering its Advantages and Disadvantages. CURRENT CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 15:20-29. [PMID: 31272358 PMCID: PMC7366001 DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666190704115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has dramatically advanced; from the precise strategies of synthesizing modern nanostructures to methods of entry into the body. Using nanotechnology in diagnosis, drug delivery, determining signaling pathways, and tissue engineering is great hope for the treatment of stroke. The drug-carrying nanoparticles are a way to increase drug absorption through the mouth or nose in treating the stroke. OBJECTIVE In this article, in addition to explaining pros and cons of oral and intra-nasal administration of nanoparticles in the brain ischemia treatment of animal models, the researchers introduce some articles in this field and briefly mentioned their work outcomes. METHODS A number of relevant published articles 183 were initially collected from three popular databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The articles not closely related to the main purpose of the present work were removed from the study process. The present data set finally included 125 published articles. RESULTS Direct delivery of the drug to the animal brain through the mouth and nose has more therapeutic effects than systemic delivery of drugs. The strategy of adding drugs to the nanoparticles complex can potentially improve the direct delivery of drugs to the CNS. CONCLUSION Despite the limitations of oral and intra-nasal routes, the therapeutic potential of oral and intra-nasal administration of nano-medicines is high in cerebral ischemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Alavian
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of biology, Faculty of basic science, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran;, Tel: +989133217068; E-mails: ;,
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Kuthati Y, Busa P, Goutham Davuluri VN, Wong CS. Manganese Oxide Nanozymes Ameliorate Mechanical Allodynia in a Rat Model of Partial Sciatic Nerve-Transection Induced Neuropathic Pain. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:10105-10117. [PMID: 31920306 PMCID: PMC6938959 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s225594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress is linked to numerous neurological diseases, including neuropathic pain. Natural ROS scavenging enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase have been found to be efficient in alleviating neuropathic pain. However, their sensitivity towards extreme pH and a short half-life limit their efficacy in vivo. Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are recently known to possess ROS scavenging properties. In this study, MONPs were examined for their therapeutic effect on neuropathic pain. METHODS The MONPs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The synthesized MONPs were characterized by UV/Vis, TEM, SEM, FTIR, NTA and XRD. The biocompatibility of the nanoparticles is evaluated in neural cells using LDH assay. MONPs were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. In addition, in vitro ROS scavenging properties were examined in bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of nanoparticles, neuropathic pain was induced in Wistar rats by partial sciatic nerve transection (PSNT). On post-transection days 14 to 18, rats were intrathecally injected with MONPs and paw withdrawal threshold was measured. The spinal cords were collected and processed for Western blotting and histological analysis. RESULTS The synthesized MONPs were biocompatible and showed effective antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical scavenging. Further, the nanoparticles scavenged ROS efficiently in vitro in BMDM and their intrathecal administration significantly reduced mechanical allodynia as well as the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an important mediator of chronic and inflammatory pain in the spinal dorsal horns of PSNT rats. CONCLUSION As ROS play a significant role in neuropathic pain, we expect that MONPs could be a promising tool for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases and might also serve as a potential nanocarrier for the delivery of analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Life Sciences, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Khalil I, Yehye WA, Etxeberria AE, Alhadi AA, Dezfooli SM, Julkapli NBM, Basirun WJ, Seyfoddin A. Nanoantioxidants: Recent Trends in Antioxidant Delivery Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:E24. [PMID: 31888023 PMCID: PMC7022483 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants interact with free radicals, terminating the adverse chain reactions and converting them to harmless products. Antioxidants thus minimize the oxidative stress and play a crucial role in the treatment of free radicals-induced diseases. However, the effectiveness of natural and/or synthetic antioxidants is limited due to their poor absorption, difficulties to cross the cell membranes, and degradation during delivery, hence contributing to their limited bioavailability. To address these issues, antioxidants covalently linked with nanoparticles, entrapped in nanogel, hollow particles, or encapsulated into nanoparticles of diverse origin have been used to provide better stability, gradual and sustained release, biocompatibility, and targeted delivery of the antioxidants with superior antioxidant profiles. This review aims to critically evaluate the recent scientific evaluations of nanoparticles as the antioxidant delivery vehicles, as well as their contribution in efficient and enhanced antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khalil
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (I.K.); (N.B.M.J.); (W.J.B.)
| | - Wageeh A. Yehye
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (I.K.); (N.B.M.J.); (W.J.B.)
| | - Alaitz Etxabide Etxeberria
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand; (A.E.E.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Abeer A. Alhadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Seyedehsara Masoomi Dezfooli
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand; (A.E.E.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Nurhidayatullaili Binti Muhd Julkapli
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (I.K.); (N.B.M.J.); (W.J.B.)
| | - Wan Jefrey Basirun
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (I.K.); (N.B.M.J.); (W.J.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Ali Seyfoddin
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand; (A.E.E.); (S.M.D.)
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Development of solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) to improve the solubility of resveratrol. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:626-641. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems was developed by using the spray-drying technique, to improve the solubility of resveratrol (RES). Materials & methods: Cod liver oil and three surfactant system were tested: soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC)/Eumulgin® HRE-40 (EU)/Sodium oleate (system A); SPC/Tween®80 (TW) /Sodium oleate (system B) and SPC/EU/TW (system C). Results: The greatest incorporation was obtained with system C (21.26 mg/ml). Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems with the highest yield were obtained with colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) (80.12%), and CSD sodium croscarmelose 9:1 and 5:5. RES dissolution attained 100% at 45 min with CSD:CS 5:5. Discussion: The surface modification to hydrophilic by CSD:sodium croscarmellose reduced the cohesive force among drug particles. Conclusion: The developed systems are a good approximation for the design of strategies that could allow increasing the oral bioavailability of RES.
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Sabahi MM, Ahmadi SA, Mahjub R, Ranjbar A. Oxidative Toxicity in Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Nanoparticles and Future Therapeutic Strategies. PRECISION NANOMEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.33218/prnano2(4)190809.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic medical conditions in the world. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic hyperglycemia can cause excessive production of free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS). Free radicals play important roles in tissue damage in diabetes. The relationship between exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) and diabetes has been reported in many previous studies. Evaluation of the potential benefits and toxic effects of NPs on diabetic disorders is of importance. This review highlights studies on the relationship between NPs and oxidative stress (OS) as well as the possible mechanisms in diabetic animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reza Mahjub
- 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- 4Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Gildawie KR, Galli RL, Shukitt-Hale B, Carey AN. Protective Effects of Foods Containing Flavonoids on Age-Related Cognitive Decline. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 7:39-48. [PMID: 29892789 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-018-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence suggests that flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds found in many plant-derived foods, such as berries, may allay cognitive impairment. We review recent research exploring the protective effects of flavonoids on age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals. We also address the mechanisms by which flavonoids may exert their effects and promising avenues of future research. RECENT FINDINGS Flavonoids have been found to decrease neuroinflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and mediate neuroplasticity in animal models of neurodegeneration and aging. Injecting flavonoids encased in metal nanoparticles may further enhance the efficacy of flavonoids. Animal studies also demonstrate that flavonoid supplementation may alleviate neurodegenerative cognitive and memory impairments. Limited human studies, however, demonstrate the need for further clinical research investigating flavonoids. Flavonoid supplementation, as well as dietary modification to include whole foods high in flavonoids, may provide therapeutic potential for aging individuals experiencing cognitive deficits resulting from neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsea R Gildawie
- Department of Psychology, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel L Galli
- Department of Psychology, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Amanda N Carey
- Department of Psychology, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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The absorptive effects of orobuccal non-liposomal nano-sized glutathione on blood glutathione parameters in healthy individuals: A pilot study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215815. [PMID: 31039164 PMCID: PMC6490881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione is an endogenous antioxidant found in oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) forms. Glutathione depletion is indicative of oxidative stress and occurs in various pathological conditions and following extreme exercise activity. Raising blood glutathione concentration has potential to attenuate and prevent chronic disease and also to improve recovery from exercise. There are a number of challenges to achieving this through traditional dietary supplements, and thus there is a need to develop optimized delivery methods to improve blood glutathione status. This study evaluated the effect of a novel glutathione formulation on blood glutathione parameters in healthy individuals. METHODS 15 (8 male) healthy individuals (25±5y old, 78.0±14.6kg) participated in a single-blinded randomized placebo-controlled crossover study, with a minimum one-week washout period between treatments. Participants were overnight fasted and administered 1mL of a non-liposomal nano-size glutathione solution (NLNG) containing 200mg of glutathione or 1mL of placebo lacking glutathione. The solution was held in the mouth for 90 seconds before the remainder was swallowed. Blood was collected at baseline, 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post-treatment. Protein-bound plasma and erythrocyte lysate concentrations of GSH and GSSG were measured at all time points using previously validated procedures. Linear mixed effects models were used to compare differences between baseline and post-treatment glutathione concentrations between NLNG and placebo for each parameter. RESULTS There was a significant main effect for treatment type, such that increases in GSH concentration in erythrocyte lysate were greater following NLNG than placebo (p = 0.001). Similar significant main effects for treatment were also found for total (protein bound + erythrocyte lysate) GSH (p = 0.015) and GSSG (p = 0.037) concentration, as well as total blood glutathione pool (GSH+GSSG, p = 0.006). DISCUSSION NLNG increased multiple blood glutathione parameters compared to placebo. Future research should examine whether NLNG can attenuate oxidative stress.
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Langasco R, Fancello S, Rassu G, Cossu M, Cavalli R, Galleri G, Giunchedi P, Migheli R, Gavini E. Increasing protective activity of genistein by loading into transfersomes: A new potential adjuvant in the oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:23-31. [PMID: 30599903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein is a soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Genistein has intrinsically low oral bioavailability that affects its dose-response activities. PURPOSE Nanotechnologies were used to obtain the delivery of genistein to the brain: lipid-based nanovesicles, transfersomes, loaded with the phytoestrogen were developed as potential therapeutic or preventive strategy against neurodegenerative diseases by intranasal administration. METHODS Phosphatidylcholine from soybean and different edge activators were used to prepare transfersomes. The effect of selected nanovesicles on the oxidative damage was studied in PC12 cell line. RESULTS Suitable nanovesicles as carrier of genistein were obtained; their composition affects deformability, drug permeation behavior and cytotoxicity. In particular, the formulation containing Span 80, GEN-TF2, showed efficiency of internalization into the cell and it was able to attenuate ROS formation and to reduce the amount of apoptotic cells generated by H2O2 treatment compared to genistein. CONCLUSION GEN-TF2 was able to reduce the oxidative damage suggesting a possible antioxidant role of this drug delivery system. These obtained data confer to GEN-TF2 a potential antioxidant activity and then it could be used as adjuvant therapy in oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Langasco
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Silvia Fancello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Massimo Cossu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Science and Technology of Pharmaceutics, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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Nurhasanah I, Safitri W, Arifin Z, Subagio A, Windarti T. Antioxidant activity and dose enhancement factor of CeO2 nanoparticles synthesized by precipitation method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/432/1/012031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Khanam S, Naz F, Ali F, Smita Jyoti R, Fatima A, Khan W, Singh BR, Naqvi AH, Siddique YH. Effect of cabergoline alginate nanocomposite on the transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson’s disease. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:699-708. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1502386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khanam
- Department of Zoology, Section of Genetics, Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Falaq Naz
- Department of Zoology, Section of Genetics, Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fahad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Section of Genetics, Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Smita Jyoti
- Department of Zoology, Section of Genetics, Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ambreen Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Section of Genetics, Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wasi Khan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Braj Raj Singh
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, GualPahari, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - A. H. Naqvi
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Department of Zoology, Section of Genetics, Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Metallic Nanoantioxidants as Potential Therapeutics for Type 2 Diabetes: A Hypothetical Background and Translational Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3407375. [PMID: 30050652 PMCID: PMC6040303 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3407375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important contributor to type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. The conventional antioxidant therapy, however, proved to be ineffective for its treatment. This may likely be due to limited absorption profiles and low bioavailability of orally administered antioxidants. Therefore, novel antioxidant agents that may be delivered to specific target organs are actively developed now. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs), nanosized materials with a dimension of 1–100 nm, appear very promising for the treatment of T2D due to their tuned physicochemical properties and ability to modulate the level of oxidative stress. An excessive generation of ROS is considered to be the most common negative outcome related to the application of NPs. Several nanomaterials, however, were shown to exhibit enzyme-like antioxidant properties in animal models. Such NPs are commonly referred to as “nanoantioxidants.” Since NPs can provide specifically targeted or localized therapy, their use is a promising therapeutic option in addition to conventional therapy for T2D. NP-based therapies should certainly be used with caution given their potential toxicity and risk of adverse health outcomes. However, despite these challenges, NP-based therapeutic approaches have a great clinical potential and further translational studies are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy.
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Ran W, Xue X. Theranostical application of nanomedicine for treating central nervous system disorders. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:392-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Quispe RL, Canto RFS, Jaramillo ML, Barbosa FAR, Braga AL, de Bem AF, Farina M. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of a Novel Probucol Derivative: Protective Activity in Neuronal Cells Through GPx Upregulation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7619-7634. [PMID: 29430618 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that probucol (PB), a hipocholesterolemic agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, presents neuroprotective properties. On the other hand, adverse effects have limited PB's clinical application. Thus, the search for PB derivatives with no or less adverse effects has been a topic of research. In this study, we present a novel organoselenium PB derivative (RC513) and investigate its potential protective activity in an in vitro experimental model of oxidative toxicity induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) in HT22 neuronal cells, as well as exploit potential protective mechanisms. tBuOOH exposure caused a significant decrease in the cell viability, which was preceded by (i) increased reactive species generation and (ii) decreased mitochondrial maximum oxygen consumption rate. RC513 pretreatment (48 h) significantly prevented the tBuOOH-induced decrease of cell viability, RS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Of note, RC513 significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and mRNA expression of GPx1, a key enzyme involved in peroxide detoxification. The use of mercaptosuccinic acid, an inhibitor of GPx, significantly decreased the protective activity of RC513 against tBuOOH-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells, highlighting the importance of GPx upregulation in the observed protection. In summary, the results showed a significant protective activity of a novel PB derivative against tBuOOH-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which was related to the upregulation of GPx. Our results point to RC513 as a promising neuroprotective molecule, even though studies concerning potential beneficial effects and safety aspects of RC513 under in vivo conditions are well warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Liliám Quispe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Bloco C, CEP, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Faria Santos Canto
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Lorenz Jaramillo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flavio Augusto Rocha Barbosa
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luiz Braga
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Bloco C, CEP, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Bloco C, CEP, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Resveratrol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles attenuate mitochondrial oxidative stress in vascular dementia by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Neurochem Int 2018; 112:239-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Amani H, Habibey R, Hajmiresmail SJ, Latifi S, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Akhavan O. Antioxidant nanomaterials in advanced diagnoses and treatments of ischemia reperfusion injuries. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9452-9476. [PMID: 32264560 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ ischemia with inadequate oxygen supply followed by reperfusion (which initiates a complex of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress) occurs in different clinical conditions and surgical procedures including stroke, myocardial infarction, limb ischemia, renal failure, organ transplantation, free-tissue-transfer, cardiopulmonary bypass, and vascular surgery. Even though pharmacological treatments protect against experimental ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, there has not been enough success in their application for patient benefits. The main hurdles in the treatment of I/R injury are the lack of diagnosis tools for understanding the complicated chains of I/R-induced signaling events, especially in the acute phase after ischemia, determining the affected regions of the tissue over time, and then, targeting and safe delivery of antioxidants, drugs, peptides, genes and cells to the areas requiring treatment. Besides the innate antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, some nanoparticles also show higher flexibility in drug delivery and imaging. This review highlights three main approaches in nanoparticle-mediated targeting of I/R injury: nanoparticles (1) as antioxidants for reducing tissue oxidative stress, (2) for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the ischemic regions or cells, and (3) for imaging I/R injury at the molecular, cellular or tissue level and monitoring its evolution using contrasts induced by nanoparticles. These approaches can also be combined to realize so called theranostics for providing simultaneous diagnosis of ischemic regions and treatments by targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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