1
|
Shao B, Killion M, Oliver A, Vang C, Zeleke F, Neikirk K, Vue Z, Garza-Lopez E, Shao JQ, Mungai M, Lam J, Williams Q, Altamura CT, Whiteside A, Kabugi K, McKenzie J, Ezedimma M, Le H, Koh A, Scudese E, Vang L, Marshall AG, Crabtree A, Tanghal JI, Stephens D, Koh HJ, Jenkins BC, Murray SA, Cooper AT, Williams C, Damo SM, McReynolds MR, Gaddy JA, Wanjalla CN, Beasley HK, Hinton A. Ablation of Sam50 is associated with fragmentation and alterations in metabolism in murine and human myotubes. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31293. [PMID: 38770789 PMCID: PMC11324413 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) Complex is responsible for assembling β-barrel proteins in the mitochondrial membrane. Comprising three subunits, Sam35, Sam37, and Sam50, the SAM complex connects the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes by interacting with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system complex. Sam50, in particular, stabilizes the mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB) complex, which is crucial for protein transport, respiratory chain complex assembly, and regulation of cristae integrity. While the role of Sam50 in mitochondrial structure and metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear, this study aims to investigate its impact. Serial block-face-scanning electron microscopy and computer-assisted 3D renderings were employed to compare mitochondrial structure and networking in Sam50-deficient myotubes from mice and humans with wild-type (WT) myotubes. Furthermore, autophagosome 3D structure was assessed in human myotubes. Mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes were assessed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics to explore differential changes in WT and Sam50-deficient myotubes. The results revealed increased mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagosome formation in Sam50-deficient myotubes compared to controls. Metabolomic analysis indicated elevated metabolism of propanoate and several amino acids, including ß-Alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, along with increased amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in Sam50-deficient myotubes. Furthermore, impairment of oxidative capacity was observed upon Sam50 ablation in both murine and human myotubes, as measured with the XF24 Seahorse Analyzer. Collectively, these findings support the critical role of Sam50 in establishing and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, cristae structure, and mitochondrial metabolism. By elucidating the impact of Sam50-deficiency, this study enhances our understanding of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Faben Zeleke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jian-Qiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Qiana Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher T Altamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica McKenzie
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Ezedimma
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brenita C Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthonya T Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clintoria Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duan Y, Nan Y, Xiao M, Yang Y. Toxicity of three microcystin variants on the histology, physiological and metabolism of hepatopancreas and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109904. [PMID: 38508355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are prevalent harmful contaminants within shrimp aquaculture systems, exhibiting a diverse array of variants. Gut microbiota can engage in mutual interactions with the host through the gut-liver axis. In this study, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were subjected to three different variants of MCs (LR, YR, RR) at a concentration of 1 μg/L each, and elucidated the alterations in both intestinal microbiota and hepatopancreas physiological homeostasis. The results showed that all three variants of MCs prompted histological alterations in the hepatopancreas, induced elevated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (H2O2, T-SOD, and CAT), disturbed the transcription levels of immune-related genes (Crus, ALF, and Lys), along with an increase in apoptotic genes (Casp-3 and P53). Furthermore, the metabolic profiles of the hepatopancreas were perturbed, particularly in amino acid metabolism such as "lysine degradation" and "β-alanine metabolism"; the mTOR and FoxO signaling were also influenced, encompassing alterations in the transcription levels of related genes. Additionally, the alterations were observed in the intestinal microbiota's diversity and composition, particularly potential beneficial bacteria (Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Collinsella, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001), which exhibited a positive correlation with the metabolite berberine. These findings reveal that the three MCs variants can impact the health of the shrimp by interfering with the homeostasis of intestinal microbial and hepatopancreas physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, PR China.
| | - Yuxiu Nan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yukai Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu L, Guo X, Gao Y, Yu W, Qin W, Kuang H, Su Y. Untargeted metabolomics reveals intervention effects of wine-processed Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide on Alzheimer's disease mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:130804. [PMID: 38565361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC) is a traditional sedative in China, with wide applications for treating various neurological disorders. Its polysaccharide component has been gaining increased attention for its potential in nerve protection. While raw SC is the primary focus of current research, its processed products are primarily utilized as clinical medicines. Notably, limited research exists on the mechanisms underlying the effects of wine-processed Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide (WSCP) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Therefore, this study seeks to assess the therapeutic impact of WSCP on AD mice and investigate the underlying mechanisms through biochemical and metabolomics analyses. The results demonstrate that WSCP exerts significant therapeutic effects on AD mice by enhancing learning and memory abilities, mitigating hippocampal neuronal damage, reducing abnormal amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, and attenuating hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Biochemical analysis revealed that WSCP can increase SOD content and decrease MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α content in AD mice. Furthermore, serum metabolomic results showed that WSCP intervention can reverse metabolic disorders in AD mice. 43 endogenous metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers for WSCP treatment of AD, and the major metabolic pathways were Ala, Glu and Asp metabolism, TCA cycle. Overall, these findings will provide a basis for further development of WSCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Xingyu Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Wenting Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Wen Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yang Su
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gorman-Sandler E, Wood G, Cloude N, Frambes N, Brennen H, Robertson B, Hollis F. Mitochondrial might: powering the peripartum for risk and resilience. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1286811. [PMID: 38187925 PMCID: PMC10767224 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1286811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The peripartum period, characterized by dynamic hormonal shifts and physiological adaptations, has been recognized as a potentially vulnerable period for the development of mood disorders such as postpartum depression (PPD). Stress is a well-established risk factor for developing PPD and is known to modulate mitochondrial function. While primarily known for their role in energy production, mitochondria also influence processes such as stress regulation, steroid hormone synthesis, glucocorticoid response, GABA metabolism, and immune modulation - all of which are crucial for healthy pregnancy and relevant to PPD pathology. While mitochondrial function has been implicated in other psychiatric illnesses, its role in peripartum stress and mental health remains largely unexplored, especially in relation to the brain. In this review, we first provide an overview of mitochondrial involvement in processes implicated in peripartum mood disorders, underscoring their potential role in mediating pathology. We then discuss clinical and preclinical studies of mitochondria in the context of peripartum stress and mental health, emphasizing the need for better understanding of this relationship. Finally, we propose mitochondria as biological mediators of resilience to peripartum mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gorman-Sandler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
- Columbia VA Healthcare System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Gabrielle Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Nazharee Cloude
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Noelle Frambes
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hannah Brennen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Breanna Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Fiona Hollis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
- Columbia VA Healthcare System, Columbia, SC, United States
- USC Institute for Cardiovascular Disease Research, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adams GJ, O'Brien PA. The unified theory of sleep: Eukaryotes endosymbiotic relationship with mitochondria and REM the push-back response for awakening. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 15:100100. [PMID: 37484687 PMCID: PMC10362302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2023.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Unified Theory suggests that sleep is a process that developed in eukaryotic animals from a relationship with an endosymbiotic bacterium. Over evolutionary time the bacterium evolved into the modern mitochondrion that continues to exert an effect on sleep patterns, e.g. the bacterium Wolbachia establishes an endosymbiotic relationship with Drosophila and many other species of insects and is able to change the host's behaviour by making it sleep. The hypothesis is supported by other host-parasite relationships, e.g., Trypanosoma brucei which causes day-time sleepiness and night-time insomnia in humans and cattle. For eukaryotes such as Monocercomonoids that don't contain mitochondria we find no evidence of them sleeping. Mitochondria produce the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and ornithine a precursor of the neurotransmitter GABA, together with substances such as 3,4dihydroxy phenylalanine (DOPA) a precursor for the neurotransmitter dopamine: These substances have been shown to affect the sleep/wake cycles in animals such as Drosophilia and Hydra. Eukaryote animals have traded the very positive side of having mitochondria providing aerobic respiration for them with the negative side of having to sleep. NREM (Quiet sleep) is the process endosymbionts have imposed upon their host eukaryotes and REM (Active sleep) is the push-back adaptation of eukaryotes with brains, returning to wakefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip A. O'Brien
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shao B, Killion M, Oliver A, Vang C, Zeleke F, Neikirk K, Vue Z, Garza-Lopez E, Shao JQ, Mungai M, Lam J, Williams Q, Altamura CT, Whiteside A, Kabugi K, McKenzie J, Koh A, Scudese E, Vang L, Marshall AG, Crabtree A, Tanghal JI, Stephens D, Koh HJ, Jenkins BC, Murray SA, Cooper AT, Williams C, Damo SM, McReynolds MR, Gaddy JA, Wanjalla CN, Beasley HK, Hinton A. Ablation of Sam50 is associated with fragmentation and alterations in metabolism in murine and human myotubes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.20.541602. [PMID: 37292887 PMCID: PMC10245823 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.20.541602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Sorting and Assembly Machinery (SAM) Complex is responsible for assembling β-barrel proteins in the mitochondrial membrane. Comprising three subunits, Sam35, Sam37, and Sam50, the SAM complex connects the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes by interacting with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. Sam50, in particular, stabilizes the mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB) complex, which is crucial for protein transport, respiratory chain complex assembly, and regulation of cristae integrity. While the role of Sam50 in mitochondrial structure and metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear, this study aims to investigate its impact. Serial block-face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and computer-assisted 3D renderings were employed to compare mitochondrial structure and networking in Sam50-deficient myotubes from mice and humans with wild-type (WT) myotubes. Furthermore, autophagosome 3D structure was assessed in human myotubes. Mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes were assessed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics to explore differential changes in WT and Sam50-deficient myotubes. The results revealed increased mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagosome formation in Sam50-deficient myotubes compared to controls. Metabolomic analysis indicated elevated metabolism of propanoate and several amino acids, including ß-Alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, along with increased amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in Sam50-deficient myotubes. Furthermore, impairment of oxidative capacity was observed upon Sam50 ablation in both murine and human myotubes, as measured with the XF24 Seahorse Analyzer. Collectively, these findings support the critical role of Sam50 in establishing and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, cristae structure, and mitochondrial metabolism. By elucidating the impact of Sam50-deficiency, this study enhances our understanding of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Faben Zeleke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jian-Qiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Qiana Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christopher T Altamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jessica McKenzie
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
| | - Brenita C Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Anthonya T Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Clintoria Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Astrocytes regulate inhibitory neurotransmission through GABA uptake, metabolism, and recycling. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:77-91. [PMID: 36806927 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic regulation of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is essential for brain function. Cerebral GABA homeostasis is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms and is directly coupled to the metabolic collaboration between neurons and astrocytes. In this essay, we outline and discuss the fundamental roles of astrocytes in regulating synaptic GABA signaling. A major fraction of synaptic GABA is removed from the synapse by astrocytic uptake. Astrocytes utilize GABA as a metabolic substrate to support glutamine synthesis. The astrocyte-derived glutamine is subsequently transferred to neurons where it serves as the primary precursor of neuronal GABA synthesis. The flow of GABA and glutamine between neurons and astrocytes is collectively termed the GABA-glutamine cycle and is essential to sustain GABA synthesis and inhibitory signaling. In certain brain areas, astrocytes are even capable of synthesizing and releasing GABA to modulate inhibitory transmission. The majority of oxidative GABA metabolism in the brain takes place in astrocytes, which also leads to synthesis of the GABA-related metabolite γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). The physiological roles of endogenous GHB remain unclear, but may be related to regulation of tonic inhibition and synaptic plasticity. Disrupted inhibitory signaling and dysfunctional astrocyte GABA handling are implicated in several diseases including epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Synaptic GABA homeostasis is under astrocytic control and astrocyte GABA uptake, metabolism, and recycling may therefore serve as relevant targets to ameliorate pathological inhibitory signaling.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Ren L, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ge B, Yang H, Du G, Tang B, Wang H, Wang J. GABAergic signaling as a potential therapeutic target in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114410. [PMID: 36812710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. Synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase, GABA could specifically bind with two GABA receptors to transmit inhibition signal stimuli into cells: GABAA receptor and GABAB receptor. In recent years, emerging studies revealed that GABAergic signaling not only participated in traditional neurotransmission but was involved in tumorigenesis as well as regulating tumor immunity. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge of the GABAergic signaling pathway in tumor proliferation, metastasis, progression, stemness, and tumor microenvironment as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. We also discussed the therapeutical advances in targeting GABA receptors to provide the theoretical basis for pharmacological intervention of GABAergic signaling in cancer treatment especially immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Binbin Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, 300060, China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, 300060, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gong X, Zhang F, Li Y, Peng C. Study on the mechanism of acute liver injury protection in Rhubarb anthraquinone by metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1141147. [PMID: 36950014 PMCID: PMC10025310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1141147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, rhubarb has been used in a variety of liver diseases and it is widely used in clinic to prevent and treat acute liver injury. Anthraquinone, as the main medicinal component of rhubarb, can reverse the further development of liver fibrosis caused by acute liver injury. In this study, metabonomics was used to explore the mechanism of different doses of rhubarb anthraquinone on acute liver injury in rats. Rhubarb anthraquinone was administered intragastric to rats at doses of 3.9, 7.8 and 15.6 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 days, and then 30% CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 1 ml/kg to replicate the acute liver injury model. The biochemical indicators content of ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, TG, TC, LDL, HDL in serum and GSH, Hyp, SOD, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in liver tissue extract were tested respectively, and liver tissue was histopathologically analysis. At the same time, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with non-targeted metabolomics were used to study the metabolites and metabolic pathways of rhubarb anthraquinone in treating acute liver injury. Compared with normal rats, the contents of ALT, AST, ALP, TG, TC, LDL, γ-GT in serum and Hyp, MDA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α in the liver tissue extract were significantly increased in model rats (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), and the content of HDL in the serum was significantly decreased (p < 0.05); the activities of GSH and SOD in liver tissue extract were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). After administration of rhubarb anthraquinone, compared with the model group, with the increase of dosage, some biochemical indexes showed opposite changes, and gradually approached to normal rats. 12 different metabolites were identified by metabonomics, and the biosynthesis and metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, the metabolism of amino sugars, nucleotide sugars and pyrimidines metabolism, and the biosynthesis of steroid hormone were identified based on the biomarker analysis. Based on the biochemical analysis and metabonomics analysis of rats with acute liver injury treated with different doses of rhubarb anthraquinone, combined with histopathological observation, the results show that the protective effect of rhubarb anthraquinone on acute liver injury is related to the dosage; Meanwhile, the metabolic pathway analysis suggested that rhubarb anthraquinone alleviate acute liver injury by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis disorders. This study explained the therapeutic effect of rhubarb anthraquinone on acute liver injury from both material basis and action pathway, and provided safe and effective research ideas for clinical application of rhubarb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunxia Li
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Li, ; Cheng Peng,
| | - Cheng Peng
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Li, ; Cheng Peng,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen L, Li X, Lou X, Shu W, Hai Y, Wen X, Yang H. NMR-based metabolomics reveals the antibacterial effect of electrolysed water combined with citric acid on Aeromonas spp. in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fillets. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Hagan DW, Ferreira SM, Santos GJ, Phelps EA. The role of GABA in islet function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:972115. [PMID: 36246925 PMCID: PMC9558271 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.972115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and neurotransmitter that is produced in the islet at levels as high as in the brain. GABA is synthesized by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), of which the 65 kDa isoform (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Originally described to be released via synaptic-like microvesicles or from insulin secretory vesicles, beta cells are now understood to release substantial quantities of GABA directly from the cytosol via volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). Once released, GABA influences the activity of multiple islet cell types through ionotropic GABAA receptors and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABA also interfaces with cellular metabolism and ATP production via the GABA shunt pathway. Beta cells become depleted of GABA in type 1 diabetes (in remaining beta cells) and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that loss or reduction of islet GABA correlates with diabetes pathogenesis and may contribute to dysfunction of alpha, beta, and delta cells in diabetic individuals. While the function of GABA in the nervous system is well-understood, the description of the islet GABA system is clouded by differing reports describing multiple secretion pathways and effector functions. This review will discuss and attempt to unify the major experimental results from over 40 years of literature characterizing the role of GABA in the islet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Walker Hagan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sandra M. Ferreira
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gustavo J. Santos
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab – I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Andersen JV, Schousboe A, Verkhratsky A. Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102331. [PMID: 35872221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the complex cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurons and astrocytes function in close collaboration through neurotransmitter recycling, collectively known as the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, which is essential to sustain neurotransmission. Neurotransmitter recycling is intimately linked to astrocyte energy metabolism. In the course of AD, astrocytes undergo extensive metabolic remodeling, which may profoundly affect the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. The consequences of altered astrocyte function and metabolism in relation to neurotransmitter recycling are yet to be comprehended. Metabolic alterations of astrocytes in AD deprive neurons of metabolic support, thereby contributing to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In addition, several astrocyte-specific components of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, including glutamine synthesis and synaptic neurotransmitter uptake, are perturbed in AD. Integration of the complex astrocyte biology within the context of AD is essential for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the disease, while restoring astrocyte metabolism may serve as an approach to arrest or even revert clinical progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Bie TH, Balvers MGJ, de Vos RCH, Witkamp RF, Jongsma MA. The influence of a tomato food matrix on the bioavailability and plasma kinetics of oral gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its precursor glutamate in healthy men. Food Funct 2022; 13:8399-8410. [PMID: 35852458 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its precursor glutamate play signaling roles in a range of tissues. Both function as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, but they also modulate pancreatic and immune functioning, for example. Besides endogenous production, both compounds are found in food products, reaching relatively high levels in tomatoes. Recent studies in rodents suggest beneficial effects of oral GABA on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure. However, the bioavailability from food remains unknown. We studied the bioavailability of GABA and glutamate from tomatoes relative to a solution in water. After a fasting blood sample was taken, eleven healthy men randomly received 1 liter of 4 different drinks in a cross-over design with a one-week interval. The drinks were a solution of 888 mg L-1 GABA, a solution of 3673 mg L-1 glutamate, pureed fresh tomatoes and plain water as the control. Following intake, 18 blood samples were taken at intervals for 24 hours. Plasma GABA and glutamate concentrations were determined by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fasting plasma GABA and glutamate concentrations were found to be 16.71 (SD 2.18) ng mL-1 and 4626 (SD 1666) ng mL-1, respectively. Fasting GABA levels were constant (5.8 CV%) between individuals, while fasting glutamate levels varied considerably (23.5 CV%). GABA from pureed tomatoes showed similar bioavailability to that of a solution in water. For glutamate, the absorption from pureed tomatoes occurred more slowly as seen from a longer tmax (0.98 ± 0.14 h vs. 0.41 ± 0.04 h, P = 0.003) and lower Cmax (7815 ± 627 ng mL-1vs. 16 420 ± 2778 ng mL-1, P = 0.006). These data suggest that GABA is bioavailable from tomatoes, and that food products containing GABA could potentially induce health effects similar to those claimed for GABA supplements. The results merit further studies on the bioavailability of GABA from other food products and the health effects of GABA-rich diets. The clinical trial registry number is NCT04086108 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04303468).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa H de Bie
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel G J Balvers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ric C H de Vos
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten A Jongsma
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Legendre F, MacLean A, Tharmalingam S, Appanna VD. A Metabolic Network Mediating the Cycling of Succinate, a Product of ROS Detoxification into α-Ketoglutarate, an Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030560. [PMID: 35326210 PMCID: PMC8945261 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element for life. However, the soil microbe Pseudomonas (P.) fluorescens can survive in a low sulfur environment. When cultured in a sulfur-deficient medium, the bacterium reprograms its metabolic pathways to produce α-ketoglutarate (KG) and regenerate this keto-acid from succinate, a by-product of ROS detoxification. Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) and KG decarboxylase (KGDC) work in partnership to synthesize KG. This process is further aided by the increased activity of the enzymes glutamate decarboxylase (GDC) and γ-amino-butyrate transaminase (GABAT). The pool of succinate semialdehyde (SSA) generated is further channeled towards the formation of the antioxidant. Spectrophotometric analyses, HPLC experiments and electrophoretic studies with intact cells and cell-free extracts (CFE) pointed to the metabolites (succinate, SSA, GABA) and enzymes (SSADH, GDC, KGDC) contributing to this KG-forming metabolic machinery. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed significant increase in transcripts of such enzymes as SSADH, GDC and KGDC. The findings of this study highlight a novel pathway involving keto-acids in ROS scavenging. The cycling of succinate into KG provides an efficient means of combatting an oxidative environment. Considering the central role of KG in biological processes, this metabolic network may be operative in other living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Legendre
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (F.L.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Alex MacLean
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (F.L.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (F.L.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Vasu D. Appanna
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (F.L.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Coupling of GABA Metabolism to Mitochondrial Glucose Phosphorylation. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:470-480. [PMID: 34623563 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucose and oxygen (O2) are vital to the brain. Glucose metabolism and mitochondria play a pivotal role in this process, culminating in the increase of reactive O2 species. Hexokinase (HK) is a key enzyme on glucose metabolism and is coupled to the brain mitochondrial redox modulation by recycling ADP for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). GABA shunt is an alternative pathway to GABA metabolism that increases succinate levels, a Krebs cycle intermediate. Although glucose and GABA metabolisms are intrinsically connected, their interplay coordinating mitochondrial function is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that the HK and the GABA shunt interact to control mitochondrial metabolism differently in the cortex and the hypothalamus. The GABA shunt stimulated mitochondrial O2 consumption and H2O2 production higher in hypothalamic synaptosomes (HSy) than cortical synaptosomes (CSy). The GABA shunt increased the HK coupled to OXPHOS activity in both population of synaptosomes, but the rate of activation was higher in HSy than CSy. Significantly, malonate and vigabatrin blocked the effects of the GABA shunt in the HK activity coupled to OXPHOS. It indicates that the glucose phosphorylation is linked to GABA and Krebs cycle reactions. Together, these data shed light on the HK and SDH role on the metabolism of each region fed by GABA turnover, which depends on the neurons' metabolic route.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen S, Lee J, Truong TM, Alhassen S, Baldi P, Alachkar A. Age-Related Neurometabolomic Signature of Mouse Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2887-2902. [PMID: 34283556 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurometabolites are the ultimate gene products in the brain and the most precise biomolecular indicators of brain endophenotypes. Metabolomics is the only "omics" that provides a moment-to-moment "snapshot" of brain circuits' biochemical activities in response to external stimuli within the context of specific genetic variations. Although the expression levels of neurometabolites are highly dynamic, the underlying metabolic processes are tightly regulated during brain development, maturation, and aging. Therefore, this study aimed to identify mouse brain metabolic profiles in neonatal and adult stages and reconstruct both the active metabolic network and the metabolic pathway functioning. Using high-throughput metabolomics and bioinformatics analyses, we show that the neonatal mouse brain has its distinct metabolomic signature, which differs from the adult brain. Furthermore, lipid metabolites showed the most profound changes between the neonatal and adult brain, with some lipid species reaching 1000-fold changes. There were trends of age-dependent increases and decreases among lipids and non-lipid metabolites, respectively. A few lipid metabolites such as HexCers and SHexCers were almost absent in neonatal brains, whereas other non-lipid metabolites such as homoarginine were absent in the adult brains. Several molecules that act as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators showed age-dependent levels, with adenosine and GABA exhibiting around 100- and 10-fold increases in the adult compared with the neonatal brain. Of particular interest is the observation that purine and pyrimidines nucleobases exhibited opposite age-dependent changes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed an enrichment of lipid biosynthesis pathways in metabolites, whose levels increased in adult brains. In contrast, pathways involved in the metabolism of amino acids, nucleobases, glucose (glycolysis), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) were enriched in metabolites whose levels were higher in the neonatal brains. Many of these pathways are associated with pathological conditions, which can be predicted as early as the neonatal stage. Our study provides an initial age-related biochemical directory of the mouse brain and warrants further studies to identify temporal brain metabolome across the lifespan, particularly during adolescence and aging. Such neurometabolomic data may provide important insight about the onset and progression of neurological/psychiatric disorders and may ultimately lead to the development of precise diagnostic biomarkers and more effective preventive/therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justine Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Tri Minh Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sammy Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Habitual Sleep Duration and the Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota in Humans-A Pilot Study. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:387-397. [PMID: 34287254 PMCID: PMC8293063 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between the colonic adherent microbiota and nocturnal sleep duration in humans. In a cross-sectional study, 63 polyp-free adults underwent a colonoscopy and donated 206 mucosal biopsies. The gut microbiota was profiled using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V4 region. The sequence reads were processed using UPARSE and DADA2, respectively. Lifestyle factors, including sleep habits, were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We categorized the participants into short sleepers (<6 h per night; n = 16) and normal sleepers (6–8 h per night; n = 47) based on self-reported data. Differences in bacterial biodiversity and the taxonomic relative abundance were compared between short vs. normal sleepers, followed by multivariable analysis. A false discovery rate-adjusted p value (q value) < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The bacterial community composition differed in short and normal sleepers. The relative abundance of Sutterella was significantly lower (0.38% vs. 1.25%) and that of Pseudomonas was significantly higher (0.14% vs. 0.08%) in short sleepers than in normal sleepers (q values < 0.01). The difference was confirmed in the multivariable analysis. Nocturnal sleep duration was associated with the bacterial community composition and structure in the colonic gut microbiota in adults.
Collapse
|
18
|
Alhassen S, Chen S, Alhassen L, Phan A, Khoudari M, De Silva A, Barhoosh H, Wang Z, Parrocha C, Shapiro E, Henrich C, Wang Z, Mutesa L, Baldi P, Abbott GW, Alachkar A. Intergenerational trauma transmission is associated with brain metabotranscriptome remodeling and mitochondrial dysfunction. Commun Biol 2021; 4:783. [PMID: 34168265 PMCID: PMC8225861 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intergenerational trauma increases lifetime susceptibility to depression and other psychiatric disorders. Whether intergenerational trauma transmission is a consequence of in-utero neurodevelopmental disruptions versus early-life mother–infant interaction is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that trauma exposure during pregnancy induces in mouse offspring social deficits and depressive-like behavior. Normal pups raised by traumatized mothers exhibited similar behavioral deficits to those induced in pups raised by their biological traumatized mothers. Good caregiving by normal mothers did not reverse prenatal trauma-induced behaviors, indicating a two-hit stress mechanism comprising both in-utero abnormalities and early-life poor parenting. The behavioral deficits were associated with profound changes in the brain metabotranscriptome. Striking increases in the mitochondrial hypoxia marker and epigenetic modifier 2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the brains of neonates and adults exposed prenatally to trauma indicated mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic mechanisms. Bioinformatic analyses revealed stress- and hypoxia-response metabolic pathways in the neonates, which produced long-lasting alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism and epigenetic processes (DNA and chromatin modifications). Most strikingly, early pharmacological interventions with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) supplementation produced long-lasting protection against intergenerational trauma-induced depression. Sammy Alhassen, Siwei Chen, et al. use mouse models to examine the effects of prenatal and postnatal stress on metabolomic and transcriptomic pathways in the brain. Their results suggest that altered mitochondrial metabolism may underlie trauma-induced behavioral deficits, and that correcting metabolism with ALCAR supplementation may protect against intergenerational transmission of traumatic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lamees Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alvin Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Khoudari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Angele De Silva
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Huda Barhoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea Parrocha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Emily Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charity Henrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Mystery of Extramitochondrial Proteins Lysine Succinylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116085. [PMID: 34199982 PMCID: PMC8200203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine succinylation is a post-translational modification which alters protein function in both physiological and pathological processes. Mindful that it requires succinyl-CoA, a metabolite formed within the mitochondrial matrix that cannot permeate the inner mitochondrial membrane, the question arises as to how there can be succinylation of proteins outside mitochondria. The present mini-review examines pathways participating in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation that lead to succinyl-CoA production, potentially supporting succinylation of extramitochondrial proteins. Furthermore, the influence of the mitochondrial status on cytosolic NAD+ availability affecting the activity of cytosolic SIRT5 iso1 and iso4—in turn regulating cytosolic protein lysine succinylations—is presented. Finally, the discovery that glia in the adult human brain lack subunits of both alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and succinate-CoA ligase—thus being unable to produce succinyl-CoA in the matrix—and yet exhibit robust pancellular lysine succinylation, is highlighted.
Collapse
|
20
|
El-Ansary A, Zayed N, Al-Ayadhi L, Qasem H, Anwar M, Meguid NA, Bhat RS, Doşa MD, Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. GABA synaptopathy promotes the elevation of caspases 3 and 9 as pro-apoptotic markers in Egyptian patients with autism spectrum disorder. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:489-501. [PMID: 31673995 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-019-01226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social communication as well as repetitive behaviors. Many studies have proved that defective synapses in ASD influence how neurons in the brain connect and communicate with each other. Synaptopathies arise from alterations that affecting the integrity and/or functionality of synapses and can contribute to synaptic pathologies. This study investigated the GABA levels in plasma being an inhibitory neurotransmitter, caspase 3 and 9 as pro-apoptotic proteins in 20 ASD children and 20 neurotypical controls using the ELISA technique. Analysis of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) of the data that was obtained to evaluate the diagnostic value of the aforementioned evaluated biomarkers. Pearson's correlations and multiple regressions between the measured variables were also done. While GABA level was reduced in ASD patients, levels of caspases 3 and 9 were significantly higher when compared to neurotypical control participants. ROC and predictiveness curves showed that caspases 3, caspases 9, and GABA might be utilized as predictive markers in autism diagnosis. The present study indicates that the presence of GABAergic dysfunction promotes apoptosis in Egyptian ASD children. The obtained GABA synaptopathies and their connection with apoptosis can both relate to neuronal excitation, and imbalance of the inhibition system, which can be used as reliable predictive biomarkers for ASD.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang M, Li N, Jing S, Wang C, Sun J, Li H, Liu J, Chen J. Schisandrin B exerts hypnotic effects in PCPA-treated rats by increasing hypothalamic 5-HT and γ-aminobutyric acid levels. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:142. [PMID: 33093880 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin B (SchB) is one of the primary active components of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., a traditional Chinese herb that has been used to treat insomnia for hundreds of years. Our previous studies revealed that SchB exerts sedative and hypnotic effects, increasing the content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the expression of its receptors in the brain tissues of rats. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is another important neurotransmitter involved in sleep regulation, although, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of its association with SchB. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether the hypnotic effect of SchB was partly due to alterations in the expression of 5-HT. The results indicated that SchB reduced sleep latency and increased sleep duration in parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced rats with insomnia by increasing 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and upregulating the expression of the 5-HT receptor 1A in the hypothalamus. SchB also increased the ratio of GABA to glutamic acid and the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, decreased the activity of GABA transaminase, and upregulated the expression of GABAA receptor α1 and GABAA receptor γ2 in the rat hypothalamus. These results suggested that SchB improved PCPA-induced insomnia in rats, and its effects may be associated with the regulation of GABA and 5-HT levels in the hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Shu Jing
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132001, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, Jilin 132001, P.R. China
| | - Jianguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Di J, Li J, O’Hara B, Alberts I, Xiong L, Li J, Li X. The role of GABAergic neural circuits in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:73-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Di
- Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pediatrics the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Bruce O’Hara
- Department of Biology University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
| | - Ian Alberts
- Department of Natural Sciences LaGuardia CCCUNY New York NY USA
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Clinical Medicine Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming P.R. China
| | - Jijun Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine on Pediatrics Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Neurochemistry New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities New York NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The Roles of GABA in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Organs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4028394. [PMID: 31814874 PMCID: PMC6878816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4028394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process, which may lead to dysfunctions and failures of multiple organs. A flawless medical way of endogenous therapeutic target can illuminate accurate clinical applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been known as a marker in I/R injury of the central nervous system (mainly in the brain) for a long time, and it may play a vital role in the occurrence of I/R injury. It has been observed that throughout cerebral I/R, levels, syntheses, releases, metabolisms, receptors, and transmissions of GABA undergo complex pathological variations. Scientists have investigated the GABAergic enhancers for attenuating cerebral I/R injury; however, discussions on existing problems and mechanisms of available drugs were seldom carried out so far. Therefore, this review would summarize the process of pathological variations in the GABA system under cerebral I/R injury and will cover corresponding probable issues and mechanisms in using GABA-related drugs to illuminate the concern about clinical illness for accurately preventing cerebral I/R injury. In addition, the study will summarize the increasing GABA signals that can prevent I/R injuries occurring in peripheral organs, and the roles of GABA were also discussed correspondingly.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Kim W, Nam SM, Kim JW, Hahn KR, Yoo DY, Yoon YS, Choi SY, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Role of pyridoxine in GABA synthesis and degradation in the hippocampus. Tissue Cell 2019; 61:72-78. [PMID: 31759410 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, is associated with activities of several enzymes and the treatment of various neurological disorders. Here, we investigated the effects of pyridoxine on the immunoreactivity and protein levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing and degradation enzymes such as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GABA transaminase (GABA-T), and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH), in the hippocampus of mice. The mice intraperitonially received physiological saline and 350 mg/kg pyridoxine, twice a day for 21 days, and were euthanized 2 h after the final dose. In the vehicle-treated group, we observed GAD67 immunoreactivity in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 and CA3 region, Schaffer collateral, polymorphic layer, and outer granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Pyridoxine administration significantly increased GAD67 immunoreactivity, while significantly decreasing GABA-T immunoreactivity in pyridoxine-treated mouse hippocampi (CA1 region and dentate gyrus). In the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1 region, GABA-T immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the pyridoxine-treated group compared to that in the vehicle-treated group, although GAD67 immunoreactivity was similarly observed in these groups. Alternatively, there were no significant differences in SSADH immunoreactivity in any regions of the hippocampus between the vehicle- and pyridoxine-treated groups. Western blot analysis showed significant increases in GAD67 and GABA-T protein levels in the pyridoxine-treated group compared with those in the vehicle-treated group. Therefore, pyridoxine administration facilitates GABA turnover in mouse hippocampus by modulating the GABA-synthesizing and degradation enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, South Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kennedy AD, Pappan KL, Donti T, Delgado MR, Shinawi M, Pearson TS, Lalani SR, Craigen WE, Sutton VR, Evans AM, Sun Q, Emrick LT, Elsea SH. 2-Pyrrolidinone and Succinimide as Clinical Screening Biomarkers for GABA-Transaminase Deficiency: Anti-seizure Medications Impact Accurate Diagnosis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:394. [PMID: 31133775 PMCID: PMC6517487 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-scale untargeted biochemical phenotyping is a technology that supplements widely accepted assays, such as organic acid, amino acid, and acylcarnitine analyses typically utilized for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. In this study, we investigate the analyte changes associated with 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT, GABA transaminase) deficiency and treatments that affect GABA metabolism. GABA-transaminase deficiency is a rare neurodevelopmental and neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in ABAT and resulting in accumulation of GABA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For that reason, measurement of GABA in CSF is currently the primary approach to diagnosis. GABA-transaminase deficiency results in severe developmental delay with intellectual disability, seizures, and movement disorder, and is often associated with death in childhood. Using an untargeted metabolomics platform, we analyzed EDTA plasma, urine, and CSF specimens from four individuals with GABA-transaminase deficiency to identify biomarkers by comparing the biochemical profile of individual patient samples to a pediatric-centric population cohort. Metabolomic analyses of over 1,000 clinical plasma samples revealed a rich source of biochemical information. Three out of four patients showed significantly elevated levels of the molecule 2-pyrrolidinone (Z-score ≥2) in plasma, and whole exome sequencing revealed variants of uncertain significance in ABAT. Additionally, these same patients also had elevated levels of succinimide in plasma, urine, and CSF and/or homocarnosine in urine and CSF. In the analysis of clinical EDTA plasma samples, the levels of succinimide and 2-pyrrolidinone showed a high level of correlation (R = 0.73), indicating impairment in GABA metabolism and further supporting the association with GABA-transaminase deficiency and the pathogenicity of the ABAT variants. Further analysis of metabolomic data across our patient population revealed the association of elevated levels of 2-pyrrolidinone with administration of vigabatrin, a commonly used anti-seizure medication and a known inhibitor of GABA-transaminase. These data indicate that anti-seizure medications may alter the biochemical and metabolomic data, potentially impacting the interpretation and diagnosis for the patient. Further, these data demonstrate the power of combining broad scale genotyping and phenotyping technologies to diagnose inherited neurometabolic disorders and support the use of metabolic phenotyping of plasma to screen for GABA-transaminase deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taraka Donti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mauricio R Delgado
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Toni S Pearson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William E Craigen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Qin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa T Emrick
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Flores RE, Brown AK, Taus L, Khoury J, Glover F, Kami K, Sarangarajan R, Walshe TE, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Shelton LM, Chinopoulos C, Seyfried TN. Mycoplasma infection and hypoxia initiate succinate accumulation and release in the VM-M3 cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:975-983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Silverman RB. Design and Mechanism of GABA Aminotransferase Inactivators. Treatments for Epilepsies and Addictions. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4037-4070. [PMID: 29569907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
When the brain concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) diminishes below a threshold level, the excess neuronal excitation can lead to convulsions. This imbalance in neurotransmission can be corrected by inhibition of the enzyme γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), which catalyzes the conversion of GABA to the excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamic acid. It also has been found that raising GABA levels can antagonize the rapid elevation and release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, which is responsible for the reward response in addiction. Therefore, the design of new inhibitors of GABA-AT, which increases brain GABA levels, is an important approach to new treatments for epilepsy and addiction. This review summarizes findings over the last 40 or so years of mechanism-based inactivators (unreactive compounds that require the target enzyme to catalyze their conversion to the inactivating species, which inactivate the enzyme prior to their release) of GABA-AT with emphasis on their catalytic mechanisms of inactivation, presented according to organic chemical mechanism, with minimal pharmacology, except where important for activity in epilepsy and addiction. Patents, abstracts, and conference proceedings are not covered in this review. The inactivation mechanisms described here can be applied to the inactivations of a wide variety of unrelated enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zeng HL, Yang Q, Du H, Li H, Shen Y, Liu T, Chen X, Kamal GM, Guan Q, Cheng L, Wang J, Xu F. Proteomics and metabolomics analysis of hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in alcohol-preferring and non-preferring rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102020-102032. [PMID: 29254222 PMCID: PMC5731932 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol preference induced tolerance in humans and animals when their bodily functions adapt to compensate for the disruption caused by alcohol consumption. This was thought to be an important component of the genetic predisposition to alcoholism. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of hepatic metabolic tolerance during alcohol preference, the alcohol preferring and alcohol non-preferring rats were used in this study. The liver mitochondria were purified for comparative quantitative proteomics analysis, and the liver metabolite extracts were collected for metabolomics analysis. Our study identified 96 differentially expressed hepatic mitochondrial proteins that associated with alcohol preference, the further gene ontology and protein interaction network analysis suggest a down-regulation of amino acid metabolism and up-regulation of lipid metabolism. We found alcohol preference induced a series of enzymes decreased (e.g. SSADH and GABA-T) and several amino acids increased (e.g. glutamate and aspartate) in rat liver, indicating down-regulations of glutamate degradation occurred during alcohol preference. Most of these changes were due to the genetic differences between alcohol preferring and non-preferring animals. Furthermore, this study would provided new insights to further clarify the mechanisms of hepatic metabolic tolerance during alcohol preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Long Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Polster BM, Carrì MT, Beart PM. Mitochondria in the nervous system: From health to disease, Part I. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:1-4. [PMID: 28917714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Part I of this Special Issue on "Mitochondria in the Nervous System: From Health to Disease", the editors bring together contributions from experts in brain mitochondrial research to provide an up-to-date overview of mitochondrial functioning in physiology and pathology. The issue provides cutting edge reviews on classical areas of mitochondrial biology that include energy substrate utilization, calcium handling, mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum communication, and cell death regulation. Additional reviews and original research articles touch upon key mitochondrial defects seen across multiple neurodegenerative conditions, including fragmentation, loss of respiratory capacity, calcium overload, elevated reactive oxygen species generation, perturbed NAD+ metabolism, altered protein acetylation, and compromised mitophagy. Emerging links between the genetics of neurodegenerative disorders and disruption in mitochondrial function are discussed, and a new mouse model of Complex I deficiency is described. Finally, novel ways to rescue mitochondrial structure and function in acute and chronic brain injury are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Maria Teresa Carrì
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome, Italy
| | - Philip M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|