1
|
Emre M, Karamazi Y, Emre T, Avci Ç, Aydin C, Ebrahimi S, Pekmezekmek AB. The effect of 6GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on rat pain perception. Electromagn Biol Med 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38521997 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2331134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents data on pain perception in rats exposed to 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). Rats were divided into two groups: control (n = 10, 4 replicates per test) and RF-EMR exposed group (n = 10, 4 replicates per test). Nociceptive responses of the groups were measured using rodent analgesiometry. Rats were divided into control and RF-EMR exposed groups. Nociceptive responses were measured using rodent analgesiometry. RF-EMR exposed rats had a 15% delay in responding to hot plate thermal stimulation compared to unexposed rats. The delay in responding to radiant heat thermal stimulation was 21%. We determined that RF-EMR promoted the occurrence of pressure pain as statistical significance by + 42% (p < 0.001). We observed that RF-EMR exposure increased nociceptive pain by + 35% by promoting cold plate stimulation (p < 0.05). RF-EMR exposure did not affect thermal preference as statistical significance but did support the formation of pressure pain perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Emre
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Yasin Karamazi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Toygar Emre
- Department of Industry, Faculty of Engineering, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Çağrı Avci
- Department of Virology, Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Cagatay Aydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Sonia Ebrahimi
- Department of Electrical-Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murugan NJ, Cariba S, Abeygunawardena S, Rouleau N, Payne SL. Biophysical control of plasticity and patterning in regeneration and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:9. [PMID: 38099951 PMCID: PMC10724343 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cells and tissues display a remarkable range of plasticity and tissue-patterning activities that are emergent of complex signaling dynamics within their microenvironments. These properties, which when operating normally guide embryogenesis and regeneration, become highly disordered in diseases such as cancer. While morphogens and other molecular factors help determine the shapes of tissues and their patterned cellular organization, the parallel contributions of biophysical control mechanisms must be considered to accurately predict and model important processes such as growth, maturation, injury, repair, and senescence. We now know that mechanical, optical, electric, and electromagnetic signals are integral to cellular plasticity and tissue patterning. Because biophysical modalities underly interactions between cells and their extracellular matrices, including cell cycle, metabolism, migration, and differentiation, their applications as tuning dials for regenerative and anti-cancer therapies are being rapidly exploited. Despite this, the importance of cellular communication through biophysical signaling remains disproportionately underrepresented in the literature. Here, we provide a review of biophysical signaling modalities and known mechanisms that initiate, modulate, or inhibit plasticity and tissue patterning in models of regeneration and cancer. We also discuss current approaches in biomedical engineering that harness biophysical control mechanisms to model, characterize, diagnose, and treat disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha J Murugan
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Solsa Cariba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nicolas Rouleau
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarimov RM, Serov DA, Gudkov SV. Biological Effects of Magnetic Storms and ELF Magnetic Fields. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1506. [PMID: 38132332 PMCID: PMC10740910 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic fields are a constant and essential part of our environment. The main components of ambient magnetic fields are the constant part of the geomagnetic field, its fluctuations caused by magnetic storms, and man-made magnetic fields. These fields refer to extremely-low-frequency (<1 kHz) magnetic fields (ELF-MFs). Since the 1980s, a huge amount of data has been accumulated on the biological effects of magnetic fields, in particular ELF-MFs. However, a unified picture of the patterns of action of magnetic fields has not been formed. Even though a unified mechanism has not yet been generally accepted, several theories have been proposed. In this review, we attempted to take a new approach to analyzing the quantitative data on the effects of ELF-MFs to identify new potential areas for research. This review provides general descriptions of the main effects of magnetic storms and anthropogenic fields on living organisms (molecular-cellular level and whole organism) and a brief description of the main mechanisms of magnetic field effects on living organisms. This review may be of interest to specialists in the fields of biology, physics, medicine, and other interdisciplinary areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (D.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beltran-Huarac J, Yamaleyeva DN, Dotti G, Hingtgen S, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Kabanov AV. Magnetic Control of Protein Expression via Magneto-mechanical Actuation of ND-PEGylated Iron Oxide Nanocubes for Cell Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19877-19891. [PMID: 37040569 PMCID: PMC10143622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cells used as smart vehicles for delivery of secreted therapeutic proteins enable effective treatment of cancer and certain degenerative, autoimmune, and genetic disorders. However, current cell-based therapies use mostly invasive tools for tracking proteins and do not allow for controlled secretion of therapeutic proteins, which could result in unconstrained killing of surrounding healthy tissues or ineffective killing of host cancer cells. Regulating the expression of therapeutic proteins after success of therapy remains elusive. In this study, a noninvasive therapeutic approach mediated by magneto-mechanical actuation (MMA) was developed to remotely regulate the expression of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein, which is secreted by transduced cells. Stem cells, macrophages, and breast cancer cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding the SGpL2TR protein. SGpL2TR comprises TRAIL and GpLuc domains optimized for cell-based applications. Our approach relies on the remote actuation of cubic-shape highly magnetic field responsive superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with nitrodopamine PEG (ND-PEG), which are internalized within the cells. Cubic ND-PEG-SPIONs actuated by superlow frequency alternating current magnetic fields can translate magnetic forces into mechanical motion and in turn spur mechanosensitive cellular responses. Cubic ND-PEG-SPIONs were artificially designed to effectively operate at low magnetic field strengths (<100 mT) retaining approximately 60% of their saturation magnetization. Compared to other cells, stems cells were more sensitive to the interaction with actuated cubic ND-PEG-SPIONs, which clustered near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Luciferase, ELISA, and RT-qPCR analyses revealed a marked TRAIL downregulation (secretion levels were depleted down to 30%) when intracellular particles at 0.100 mg/mL Fe were actuated by magnetic fields (65 mT and 50 Hz for 30 min). Western blot studies indicated actuated, intracellular cubic ND-PEG-SPIONs can cause mild ER stress at short periods (up to 3 h) of postmagnetic field treatment thus leading to the unfolded protein response. We observed that the interaction of TRAIL polypeptides with ND-PEG can also contribute to this response. To prove the applicability of our approach, we used glioblastoma cells, which were exposed to TRAIL secreted from stem cells. We demonstrated that in the absence of MMA treatment, TRAIL essentially killed glioblastoma cells indiscriminately, but when treated with MMA, we were able to control the cell killing rate by adjusting the magnetic doses. This approach can expand the capabilities of stem cells to serve as smart vehicles for delivery of therapeutic proteins in a controlled manner without using interfering and expensive drugs, while retaining their potential to regenerate damaged tissue after treatment. This approach brings forth new alternatives to regulate protein expression noninvasively for cell therapy and other cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Beltran-Huarac
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering
and Molecular Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Physics, Howell Science Complex, East
Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Dina N. Yamaleyeva
- Joint
UNC/NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Division
of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Therapeutics, Eshelman School
of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering
and Molecular Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering
and Molecular Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salari M, Eftekhar-Vaghefi SH, Asadi-Shekaari M, Esmaeilpour K, Solhjou S, Amiri M, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Impact of ketamine administration on chronic unpredictable stress-induced rat model of depression during extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure: Behavioral, histological and molecular study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2986. [PMID: 37032465 PMCID: PMC10176018 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the study, we examined the effects of ketamine and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on depression-like behavior, learning and memory, expression of GFAP, caspase-3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptor in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). METHODS After applying 21 days of chronic unpredictable stress, male rats received intraperitoneal (IP) of ketamine (5 mg/kg) and then were exposed to ELF-EMF (10-Hz, 10-mT exposure conditions) for 3 days (3 h per day) and behavioral assessments were performed 24 h after the treatments. Instantly after the last behavioral test, the brain was extracted for Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR analyses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to assess the effect of ketamine and ELF-EMF on the expression of astrocyte marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Also, real-time PCR analyses were used to investigate the impacts of the combination of ketamine and ELF-EMF on the expression of caspase3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus in rats submitted to the CUS procedure. Results were considered statistically significant when p < .05. RESULTS Our results revealed that the combination of ketamine and ELF-EMF increased depression-like behavior, increased degenerated neurons and decreased the number of GFAP (+) cells in the CA1 area and mPFC, incremented the expression of caspase-3, and reduced the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus but showed no effect on the expression of p53 and NMDA-R. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that combining ketamine and ELF-EMF has adverse effects on animals under chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moein Salari
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Eftekhar-Vaghefi
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayeh Solhjou
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A novel implant surface modification mode of Fe3O4-containing TiO2 nanorods with sinusoidal electromagnetic field for osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100590. [PMID: 36910272 PMCID: PMC9996442 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Implants made of Ti and its alloys are widely utilized in orthopaedic surgeries. However, insufficient osseointegration of the implants often causes complications such as aseptic loosening. Our previous research discovered that disordered titanium dioxide nanorods (TNrs) had satisfactory antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, but TNrs harmed angiogenic differentiation, which might retarded the osseointegration process of the implants. Magnetic nanomaterials have a certain potential in promoting osseointegration, electromagnetic fields within a specific frequency and intensity range can facilitate angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, this study used Fe3O4 to endow magnetism to TNrs and explored the regulation effects of Ti, TNrs, and Fe3O4-TNrs under 1 mT 15 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) on osteoblastogenesis, osseointegration, angiogenesis, and its mechanism. We discovered that after the addition of SEMF treatment to VR-EPCs cultured on Fe3O4-TNrs, the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway was activated, which then reversed the inhibitory effect of Fe3O4-TNrs on angiogenesis. Besides, Fe3O4-TNrs with SEMF enhanced osteogenic differentiation and osseointegration. Therefore, the implant modification mode of Fe3O4-TNrs with the addition of SEMF could more comprehensively promote osseointegration and provided a new idea for the modification of implants.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong L, Xia P, Tian L, Tian C, Zhao W, Zhao L, Duan J, Zhao Y, Zheng Y. A Review of Aspects of Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampus via mT Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2023; 44:63-70. [PMID: 36786476 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The subthreshold magnetic modulation technique stimulates cells with mT extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs), which are insufficient to induce neuronal action potentials. Although they cannot directly induce resting neurons to discharge, mT magnetic stimulation can regulate the excitability of the nervous system, which regulates learning and memory by some unknown mechanisms. Herein, we describe the regulation of mT ELF-MFs with different parameters on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Additionally, we summarize the latest research on the possible mechanism of the effect of ELF-MFs on synaptic plasticity. Some studies have shown that ELF-MFs are able to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP) by increasing concentration of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ), as well as concentration of reactive oxygen species. The research in this paper has significance for the comprehensive understanding of relevant neurological mechanisms of learning and memory by mT ELF-MFs stimulation. However, more high-quality research is necessary to determine the regulatory mechanism of mT ELF-MFs on synaptic plasticity in order to optimize this technique as a treatment for neurological diseases. © 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiakang Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220325. [PMID: 35919980 PMCID: PMC9346374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lai H. Neurological effects of static and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:201-221. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2064489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Radical pairs may play a role in microtubule reorganization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6109. [PMID: 35414166 PMCID: PMC9005667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanism behind general anesthesia remains an open question in neuroscience. It has been proposed that anesthetics selectively prevent consciousness and memory via acting on microtubules (MTs). It is known that the magnetic field modulates MT organization. A recent study shows that a radical pair model can explain the isotope effect in xenon-induced anesthesia and predicts magnetic field effects on anesthetic potency. Further, reactive oxygen species are also implicated in MT stability and anesthesia. Based on a simple radical pair mechanism model and a simple mathematical model of MT organization, we show that magnetic fields can modulate spin dynamics of naturally occurring radical pairs in MT. We propose that the spin dynamics influence a rate in the reaction cycle, which translates into a change in the MT density. We can reproduce magnetic field effects on the MT concentration that have been observed. Our model also predicts additional effects at slightly higher fields. Our model further predicts that the effect of zinc on the MT density exhibits isotopic dependence. The findings of this work make a connection between microtubule-based and radical pair-based quantum theories of consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elamin AAE, Deniz OG, Kaplan S. The effects of Gum Arabic, curcumin (Curcuma longa) and Garcinia kola on the rat hippocampus after electromagnetic field exposure: A stereological and histological study. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 120:102060. [PMID: 34915150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to focus on the potential effects of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by mobile phones on hippocampal pyramidal neurons and to investigate the role of curcumin (Cur), Garcinia kola (GK) and Gum Arabic (GA) in reducing these adverse effects. Fifty-four 12-week-old male Wistar albino rats were used. These were randomly divided into nine groups of six rats each. The control, Cur, GK and GA groups were not exposed to EMF, while the sham group was kept in the EMF exposure system without being exposed to EMF. The EMF+Cur, EMF+GK, EMF+GA and EMF groups were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour a day for 28 days. The number of the pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis (CA) of the hippocampus was estimated using the optical fractionator technique. Histopathological changes were evaluated under light and electron microscopes. The activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were also evaluated from serum samples. Significant levels of CAT and SOD activities were observed in the EMF group compared to the control group (p = 0.000; p = 0.001) respectively. Microscopic observations showed that dark-coloured nuclei with unclear neuron boundaries were frequently observed in the EMF group. Stereological data analysis revealed a significant decrease in the CA's total number of pyramidal neurons in the EMF group compared to the control and sham groups (p = 0.000; p = 0.000) respectively. Cur and GK were observed to provide significant protection in the EMF+Cur and EMF+GK groups compared to the EMF group (p = 0.000; p = 0.000) respectively. No significant difference was observed between the EMF+GA group and EMF group (p = 0.989). Exposure to 900 MHz EMF causes severe alterations in the number and structure of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Cur and GK exhibit a protective effect against these deleterious effects, but GA showed no protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omur Gulsum Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Heidari S, Abdi S, Karizi SZ. EVALUATION OF BCL2 AND ITS REGULATORY MIRS, MIR-15-B AND MIR-16 EXPRESSION CHANGES UNDER THE EXPOSURE OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINE. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 197:93-100. [PMID: 34791478 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this research, changes in the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), miR-15-b and miR-16 in human adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line (AGS) following the exposure to magnetic flux densities (MFDs) of 0.2 and 2 mT continuously and discontinuously (1.5 h on/1.5 h off) for 18 h were investigated. Changes in the cell viability were evaluated by the MTT assay. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression changes of BCL2, miR-15-b and miR-16. The results showed that extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) could significantly reduce the viability of AGS cells in the continuous MFD of 2 mT. The BCL2 expression was significantly decreased following the exposure to continuous MFDs of 0.2 and 2 mT and discontinuous MFD of 2 mT. The expressions of miR-15-b and miR-16 were significantly increased in continuous and discontinuous MFD of 2 mT. According to the results, weak and moderate extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields can change the expressions of BCL2, miR-15-b and miR-16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Heidari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Soheila Abdi
- Department of Physics, Safadasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 316433530, Iran
| | - Shohreh Zare Karizi
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin 3381774895, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng Y, Xia P, Dong L, Tian L, Tian C. Development and review of a sub-millimeter-sized cell-scale micro-magnetic stimulation device. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 34020437 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of modern micro-processing technology has led to the design and production of sub-millimeter-sized coils. A novel type of micro-magnetic stimulation (μMS) regulatory technology has widely been researched in recent years. This technology has several advantages, including small size, no contact between tissues and the metal coil, and high spatial resolution. Considering some problems with theμMS control technology in practical applications, different kinds ofμMS devices have been developed, including anin vitrosingle-pointμMS device, anin vivoimplantable single-pointμMs device, a discrete-arrayμMS device, and anin vivoimplantable-arrayμMs device. Given the problems that currently exist in the design and implementation of this device, such as the key problems of structural design, implantation method, experimental safety, and reliability of the device, we review the development process in detail. We also discuss the precise targeting advantage of this device, which is likely to be of great significance for wide-ranging applications of magnetic stimulation technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong university, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong university, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong university, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong university, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Özgün A, Garipcan B. Magnetic field-induced Ca 2+ intake by mesenchymal stem cells is mediated by intracellular Zn 2+ and accompanied by a Zn 2+ influx. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119062. [PMID: 34033861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to magnetic fields (MFs) has a diverse range of effects on biological systems but definitive molecular mechanisms of the interaction remain largely unknown. One of the most frequently reported effects of MF exposure is an elevated concentration of intracellular Ca2+ through disputed pathways. Other prominent effects include increased oxidative stress and upregulation of neural markers through EGFR activation in stem cells. Further characterization of cascades triggered by MF exposure is hindered by the phenotype diversity of biological models used in the literature. In an attempt to reveal more mechanistic data in this field, we combined the most commonly used biological model and MF parameters with the most commonly reported effects of MFs. Based on clues from the pathways previously defined as sensitive to MFs (EGFR and Zn2+-binding enzymes), the roles of different types of channels (voltage gated Ca2+ channels, NMDA receptors, TRP channels) were inquired in the effects of 50 Hz MFs on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We report that, an influx of Zn2+ accompanies MF-induced Ca2+ intake, which is only attenuated by the broad-range inhibitor of TRP channels and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) among other blockers (memantine, nifedipine, ethosuximide and gabapentin). Interestingly, cation influx completely disappears when intracellular Zn2+ is chelated. Our results rule out voltage gated Ca2+ channels as a gateway to MF-induced Ca2+ intake and suggest Zn2+-related channels as a new focus in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alp Özgün
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bertagna F, Lewis R, Silva SRP, McFadden J, Jeevaratnam K. Effects of electromagnetic fields on neuronal ion channels: a systematic review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1499:82-103. [PMID: 33945157 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of chemistry and biology are mediated by electromagnetic field (EMF) interactions. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly sensitive to EMF stimuli. Studies have explored the direct effect of different EMFs on the electrical properties of neurons in the last two decades, particularly focusing on the role of voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs). This work aims to systematically review published evidence in the last two decades detailing the effects of EMFs on neuronal ion channels as per the PRISM guidelines. Following a predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria, 22 papers were included after searches on three online databases. Changes in calcium homeostasis, attributable to the voltage-gated calcium channels, were found to be the most commonly reported result of EMF exposure. EMF effects on the neuronal landscape appear to be diverse and greatly dependent on parameters, such as the field's frequency, exposure time, and intrinsic properties of the irradiated tissue, such as the expression of VGCs. Here, we systematically clarify how neuronal ion channels are particularly affected and differentially modulated by EMFs at multiple levels, such as gating dynamics, ion conductance, concentration in the membrane, and gene and protein expression. Ion channels represent a major transducer for EMF-related effects on the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bertagna
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Johnjoe McFadden
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Díaz-Del Cerro E, Vida C, Martínez de Toda I, Félix J, De la Fuente M. The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging. Environ Health 2020; 19:118. [PMID: 33228714 PMCID: PMC7685570 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system, as a homeostatic system, is an excellent marker of health and has also been proposed as an indicator of the rate of aging. The base of the age-related changes in the immune system, "immunosenescence", is oxidative-inflammatory stress. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produced by technology causes inhibitory effects on the immune response and increases oxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resting on an EMF-insulated system on several immune functions, the oxidative-inflammatory state and subsequently the rate of aging (biological age). METHODS Several immune functions, in peripheral blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells, of 31 volunteers were analyzed before and after 2 months of using a bed with the patented HOGO system, which insulated participants against EMFs. Several oxidative and inflammatory parameters, in whole blood cells, were also studied. The biological age was calculated using a mathematical formula, which was based on several immune function parameters. A placebo group of 11 people using beds without that property were used as a control. RESULTS The results showed a significant improvement of immune functions and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses after using the HOGO system for 2 months. In addition, a decrease in oxidants and pro-inflammatory compounds, a lowering of oxidative damage in lipids and in DNA as well as a reduction of calculated biological age was also observed. The placebo group did not show any changes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, 2 months of resting on a bed insulated from EMFs demonstrates improvement in immune function, oxidative-inflammatory state and biological age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Applied Molecular Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Félix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Azimzadeh M, Jelodar G. Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to radiofrequency waves (900 MHz) adversely affects passive avoidance learning and memory. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:1024-1030. [PMID: 33200679 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720973143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and early postnatal are the most sensitive and high-risk periods to expose to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves (RFWs) emitted from a base transceiver station antenna on passive avoidance learning and memory (PALM) and hippocampus histomorphology. Female Sprague Dawley rats (190-230 g) were paired with males. The mated rats, confirmed by observing a vaginal plug, were divided into two groups; control and exposed. The control group (n = 7) was not exposed to RFW. The exposed group was divided into three subgroups (n = 8); exposed Ⅰ, exposed during the gestational period (fetal life), and exposed Ⅱ and Ⅲ (postnatal exposure), exposed to RFW during the first 21 days of life, for 2 h/d and 4 h/d, respectively. PALM was evaluated by a shuttle box in 45-day-old pups. Learning and memory of animals were demonstrated as the duration of remaining within the light area, which is called the lighting time. Histological sections were prepared from brain tissues and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. An impairment in the PALM performance was noticed in all exposed subgroups (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ) (p < 0.05). Learning (short-term memory) and retention (long-term memory) behaviors were more affected in exposed subgroup Ⅰ (prenatal exposed) compared to other postnatal exposed subgroups (Ⅱ and Ⅲ). Also, a mild decrease in the density of pyramidal cells was observed in the hippocampus of exposed subgroups (Ⅰ and Ⅲ). Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to 900 MHz RFW adversely affected PALM performance and hippocampus tissue in rat pups with more impact for prenatal period exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Azimzadeh
- Department of Basic Science, 108911School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamali Jelodar
- Department of Basic Science, 108911School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dong L, Li G, Gao Y, Lin L, Zheng Y, Cao XB. Exploring the form- And time-dependent effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on maintenance of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3166-3180. [PMID: 32065697 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) stimulation is an emerging neuromodulation tool that is attracting more attention because of its non-invasive and well-controlled characteristics. However, the effect of different LF-EMF features including the forms and the time of addition on neuronal activity has not been completely understood. In this study, we used multi-electrode array (MEA) systems to develop a flexible in vitro magnetic stimulation device with plug-and-play features that allows for real-time delivery of LF-EMFs to biological tissues. Crucially, the method enables different forms of LF-EMF to be added at any time to a long-term potentiation (LTP) experiment without interrupting the process of LTP induction. We demonstrated that the slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) decreased significantly under post or priming uninterrupted sine LF-EMFs. The fEPSPs slope would continue to decline significantly when LF-EMFs were added two times with a 20-min interval. Paired-pulse ratio (PPR) was analyzed and the results reflected that LF-EMFs induced LTP was expressed postsynaptically. The results of pharmacological experiments indicated that AMPA receptor activity was involved in the process of LTP loss caused by post-LF-EMFs. Moreover, the effect of priming sine or Quadripulse stimulation (QPS)-patterned LF-EMFs depended on the time interval between the end of LF-EMF and the beginning of baseline recording. Interestingly, the effect of sine LF-EMFs on LTP would not disappear within 120 min, while the impact of QPS-patterned LF-EMFs on LTP might disappear after 90 min. These results indicated that LF-EMF might have a form- and time-dependent effect on LTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Capone F, Pellegrino G, Motolese F, Rossi M, Musumeci G, Di Lazzaro V. Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Do Not Affect LTP-Like Plasticity in Healthy Humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:14. [PMID: 32116603 PMCID: PMC7014826 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies explored the biological effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) in vitro, reporting the induction of functional changes in neuronal activity. In particular, ELF-MFs can influence synaptic plasticity both in vitro and in animal models but some studies reported an increase in long-term potentiation (LTP) whereas others suggested its reduction. However, no specific study has investigated such effect on humans. Aims To evaluate whether ELF-MFs affect the propensity of the human cortex to undergo LTP-like plasticity. Methods We designed a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled, cross-over study on 10 healthy subjects. Cortical plasticity was induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) before and after 45-min ELF-MFs (75 Hz; 1.8 mT) or sham exposure and was estimated by measuring the changes of motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitude before and after each iTBS. Results No adverse events were reported. No significant effects of ELF-MFs on cortical plasticity were found. Conclusion Whole-brain exposure to ELF-MFs (75 Hz; 1.8 mT) is safe and does not seem to significantly affect LTP-like plasticity in human motor cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fioravante Capone
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.,NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellegrino
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francesco Motolese
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.,NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Rossi
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.,NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Musumeci
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.,NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yahyazadeh A, Altunkaynak BZ. Investigation of the neuroprotective effects of thymoquinone on rat spinal cord exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 100:101657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
22
|
Zheng Y, Ma XX, Dong L, Ma W, Cheng JH. Effects of uninterrupted sinusoidal LF-EMF stimulation on LTP induced by different combinations of TBS/HFS at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 of synapses. Brain Res 2019; 1725:146487. [PMID: 31580873 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an important aspect of synaptic plasticity and is one of the main mechanisms involved in memory. Low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMFs) such as transcranial magnetic stimulation are emerging neuromodulation tools for the regulation of LTP. However, whether LF-EMFs have different effects on different types of LTP has not yet been verified. Herein, we studied the regulatory effects of 15 Hz/2 mT sinusoidal magnetic field as pre-magnetic stimulation on several types of LTP, which were induced by theta-burst(TBS) or high-frequency stimulation (HFS) or some combination of them, and applied N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR) antagonists to observe the relationship between the regulation of LTP by LF-EMFs and NMDAR in the Schaffer collateral pathway of rat brain slices in vitro. The results presented in this paper are the performance of TBS and HFS was not exactly the same and the recovery speed of TBS-LTP was faster than HFS-LTP after receiving the regulation of LF-EMFs; moreover, the LTP level was affected by the order of combination and the effect of pre-magnetic stimulation could maintain the entire process of the combined induction experiment, while NMDAR antagonists could not completely offset the influence of LF-EMFs. The memory patterns are diverse, and this study has shown LF-EMFs can regulate LTP such as TBS-LTP and HFS-LTP and can continuously affect multiple LTP induction processes. However, different memory processes may have different performance in the face of LF-EMFs regulation. In terms of the mechanism of LF-EMFs-induced LTP regulation, NMDARs may be involved in the process of LF-EMF regulation of LTP, but are not the only factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiao-Xu Ma
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jian-Hao Cheng
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The extremely low frequency electromagnetic stimulation selective for cancer cells elicits growth arrest through a metabolic shift. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1389-1397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
24
|
Li J, Duan H, Pu K. Nanotransducers for Near-Infrared Photoregulation in Biomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901607. [PMID: 31199021 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoregulation, which utilizes light to remotely control biological events, provides a precise way to decipher biology and innovate in medicine; however, its potential is limited by the shallow tissue penetration and/or phototoxicity of ultraviolet (UV)/visible light that are required to match the optical responses of endogenous photosensitive substances. Thereby, biologically friendly near-infrared (NIR) light with improved tissue penetration is desired for photoregulation. Since there are a few endogenous biomolecules absorbing or emitting light in the NIR region, the development of molecular transducers is essential to convert NIR light into the cues for regulation of biological events. In this regard, optical nanomaterials able to convert NIR light into UV/visible light, heat, or free radicals are suitable for this task. Here, the recent developments of optical nanotransducers for NIR-light-mediated photoregulation in medicine are summarized. The emerging applications, including photoregulation of neural activity, gene expression, and visual systems, as well as photochemical tissue bonding, are highlighted, along with the design principles of nanotransducers. Moreover, the current challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Özgün A, Marote A, Behie LA, Salgado A, Garipcan B. Extremely low frequency magnetic field induces human neuronal differentiation through NMDA receptor activation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1281-1290. [PMID: 31317262 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic fields with different frequency and intensity parameters exhibit a wide range of effects on different biological models. Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) exposure is known to augment or even initiate neuronal differentiation in several in vitro and in vivo models. This effect holds potential for clinical translation into treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as autism, Parkinson's disease and dementia by promoting neurogenesis, non-invasively. However, the lack of information on underlying mechanisms hinders further investigation into this phenomenon. Here, we examine involvement of glutamatergic Ca2+ channel, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the process of human neuronal differentiation under ELF MF exposure. We show that human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) differentiate more efficiently under ELF MF exposure in vitro, as demonstrated by the abundance of neuronal markers. Furthermore, they exhibit higher intracellular Ca2+ levels as evidenced by c-fos expression and more elongated mature neurites. We were able to neutralize these effects by blocking NMDA receptors with memantine. As a result, we hypothesize that the effects of ELF MF exposure on neuronal differentiation originate from the effects on NMDA receptors, which sequentially triggers Ca2+-dependent cascades that lead to differentiation. Our findings identify NMDA receptors as a new key player in this field that will aid further research in the pursuit of effect mechanisms of ELF MFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alp Özgün
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Leo A Behie
- Canada Research Chair in Biomedical Engineering (Emeritus), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - António Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The protective role of spermine against male reproductive aberrations induced by exposure to electromagnetic field – An experimental investigation in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:117-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
27
|
Dong L, Zheng Y, Li ZY, Li G, Lin L. Modulating effects of on-line low frequency electromagnetic fields on hippocampal long-term potentiation in young male Sprague-Dawley rat. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1775-1785. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques & Instruments; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Ze-Yan Li
- Viterbi School of Engineering; University of Southern California; Los Angeles 90007
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques & Instruments; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques & Instruments; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Effects of Prenatal Combined Stress on Passive Avoidance Learning and Memory in Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-018-9725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
29
|
Hong I, Garrett A, Maker G, Mullaney I, Rodger J, Etherington SJ. Repetitive low intensity magnetic field stimulation in a neuronal cell line: a metabolomics study. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4501. [PMID: 29576970 PMCID: PMC5853602 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation of neural tissue modulates neuronal excitability and has promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the underpinning cellular and biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the behavioural effects of low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) at a cellular and biochemical level. We delivered LI-rMS (10 mT) at 1 Hz and 10 Hz to B50 rat neuroblastoma cells in vitro for 10 minutes and measured levels of selected metabolites immediately after stimulation. LI-rMS at both frequencies depleted selected tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites without affecting the main energy supplies. Furthermore, LI-rMS effects were frequency-specific with 1 Hz stimulation having stronger effects than 10 Hz. The observed depletion of metabolites suggested that higher spontaneous activity may have led to an increase in GABA release. Although the absence of organised neural circuits and other cellular contributors (e.g., excitatory neurons and glia) in the B50 cell line limits the degree to which our results can be extrapolated to the human brain, the changes we describe provide novel insights into how LI-rMS modulates neural tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hong
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Garrett
- School of Biological Sciences, Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Garth Maker
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ian Mullaney
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Brain Plasticity laboratory, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah J Etherington
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Saito A, Takahashi M, Makino K, Suzuki Y, Jimbo Y, Nakasono S. Response of Cultured Neuronal Network Activity After High-Intensity Power Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure. Front Physiol 2018; 9:189. [PMID: 29662453 PMCID: PMC5890104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity and low frequency (1-100 kHz) time-varying electromagnetic fields stimulate the human body through excitation of the nervous system. In power frequency range (50/60 Hz), a frequency-dependent threshold of the external electric field-induced neuronal modulation in cultured neuronal networks was used as one of the biological indicator in international guidelines; however, the threshold of the magnetic field-induced neuronal modulation has not been elucidated. In this study, we exposed rat brain-derived neuronal networks to a high-intensity power frequency magnetic field (hPF-MF), and evaluated the modulation of synchronized bursting activity using a multi-electrode array (MEA)-based extracellular recording technique. As a result of short-term hPF-MF exposure (50-400 mT root-mean-square (rms), 50 Hz, sinusoidal wave, 6 s), the synchronized bursting activity was increased in the 400 mT-exposed group. On the other hand, no change was observed in the 50-200 mT-exposed groups. In order to clarify the mechanisms of the 400 mT hPF-MF exposure-induced neuronal response, we evaluated it after blocking inhibitory synapses using bicuculline methiodide (BMI); subsequently, increase in bursting activity was observed with BMI application, and the response of 400 mT hPF-MF exposure disappeared. Therefore, it was suggested that the response of hPF-MF exposure was involved in the inhibitory input. Next, we screened the inhibitory pacemaker-like neuronal activity which showed autonomous 4-10 Hz firing with CNQX and D-AP5 application, and it was confirmed that the activity was reduced after 400 mT hPF-MF exposure. Comparison of these experimental results with estimated values of the induced electric field (E-field) in the culture medium revealed that the change in synchronized bursting activity occurred over 0.3 V/m, which was equivalent to the findings of a previous study that used the external electric fields. In addition, the results suggested that the potentiation of neuronal activity after 400 mT hPF-MF exposure was related to the depression of autonomous activity of pacemaker-like neurons. Our results indicated that the synchronized bursting activity was increased by hPF-MF exposure (E-field: >0.3 V/m), and the response was due to reduced inhibitory pacemaker-like neuronal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Biological Environment Sector, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Biological Environment Sector, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Makino
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Suzuki
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Jimbo
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakasono
- Biological Environment Sector, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sakhaie MH, Soleimani M, Pourheydar B, Majd Z, Atefimanesh P, Asl SS, Mehdizadeh M. Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neurogenesis and Cognitive Behavior in an Experimental Model of Hippocampal Injury. Behav Neurol 2017; 2017:9194261. [PMID: 29259353 PMCID: PMC5702423 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9194261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields may induce constant modulation in neuronal plasticity. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to design a suitable strategy for enhancing adult neurogenesis, which seems to be deterred due to brain senescence and several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ELF-EMF on neurogenesis and memory, following treatment with trimethyltin chloride (TMT) as a neurotoxicant. The mice in all groups (n = 56) were injected with BrdU during the experiment for seven consecutive days to label newborn cells. Spatial memory was assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. By the end of the experiment, neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation were assessed in the hippocampus, using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Based on the findings, exposure to ELF-EMF enhanced spatial learning and memory in the MWM test. ELF-EMF exposure significantly enhanced the number of BrdU+ and NeuN+ cells in the dentate gyrus of adult mice (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, resp.). Western blot analysis revealed significant upregulation of NeuroD2 in ELF-EMF-exposed mice compared to the TMT-treated group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that ELF-EMF might have clinical implications for the improvement of neurodegenerative processes and could help develop a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sakhaie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Majd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pezhman Atefimanesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Farashi S. Interaction between pancreatic β cell and electromagnetic fields: A systematic study toward finding the natural frequency spectrum of β cell system. Electromagn Biol Med 2017; 36:341-356. [PMID: 29087732 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1389751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between biological systems and environmental electric or magnetic fields has gained attention during the past few decades. Although there are a lot of studies that have been conducted for investigating such interaction, the reported results are considerably inconsistent. Besides the complexity of biological systems, the important reason for such inconsistent results may arise due to different excitation protocols that have been applied in different experiments. In order to investigate carefully the way that external electric or magnetic fields interact with a biological system, the parameters of excitation, such as intensity or frequency, should be selected purposefully due to the influence of these parameters on the system response. In this study, pancreatic β cell, the main player of blood glucose regulating system, is considered and the study is focused on finding the natural frequency spectrum of the system using modeling approach. Natural frequencies of a system are important characteristics of the system when external excitation is applied. The result of this study can help researchers to select proper frequency parameter for electrical excitation of β cell system. The results show that there are two distinct frequency ranges for natural frequency of β cell system, which consist of extremely low (or near zero) and 100-750 kHz frequency ranges. There are experimental works on β cell exposure to electromagnetic fields that support such finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Farashi
- a Faculty of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kıvrak EG, Yurt KK, Kaplan AA, Alkan I, Altun G. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017; 5:167-176. [PMID: 30023251 PMCID: PMC6025786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological devices have become essential components of daily life. However, their deleterious effects on the body, particularly on the nervous system, are well known. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have various chemical effects, including causing deterioration in large molecules in cells and imbalance in ionic equilibrium. Despite being essential for life, oxygen molecules can lead to the generation of hazardous by-products, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), during biological reactions. These reactive oxygen species can damage cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. Antioxidant defense systems exist in order to keep free radical formation under control and to prevent their harmful effects on the biological system. Free radical formation can take place in various ways, including ultraviolet light, drugs, lipid oxidation, immunological reactions, radiation, stress, smoking, alcohol and biochemical redox reactions. Oxidative stress occurs if the antioxidant defense system is unable to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals. Several studies have reported that exposure to EMF results in oxidative stress in many tissues of the body. Exposure to EMF is known to increase free radical concentrations and traceability and can affect the radical couple recombination. The purpose of this review was to highlight the impact of oxidative stress on antioxidant systems. Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP, heat shock protein; EMF/RFR, electromagnetic frequency and radiofrequency exposures; ELF-EMFs, exposure to extremely low frequency; MEL, melatonin; FA, folic acid; MDA, malondialdehyde.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elfide Gizem Kıvrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Işınsu Alkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kivrak EG, Altunkaynak BZ, Alkan I, Yurt KK, Kocaman A, Onger ME. Effects of 900-MHz radiation on the hippocampus and cerebellum of adult rats and attenuation of such effects by folic acid and Boswellia sacra. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017; 5:216-224. [PMID: 30023257 PMCID: PMC6025788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiation emitted from mobile phones has various deleterious effects on human health. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to the 900-MHz radiation electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by mobile phones on Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus and cerebellum of male Wistar albino rats. We also investigated the neuroprotective effects of the antioxidants Boswellia sacra (BS) and folic acid (FA) against exposure to EMF. Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each, an EMF group, an EMF + FA exposure group (EFA), an EMF + BS exposure group (EBS) and a control group (Cont). The EMF, EFA and EBS groups were exposed to 900-MHz EMF radiation inside a tube once daily over 21 days (60 min/day). The Cont group was not exposed to 900-MHz EMF. The results showed that EMF caused a significant decrease in total pyramidal and granular cell numbers in the hippocampus, and DG and in Purkinje cell numbers in the cerebellum in the EMF group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). BS and FA attenuated the neurodegenerative effects of EMF in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Significant differences were also determined between the numbers of neurons in the EFA and EMF groups, and between the EBS and EMF groups (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences among Cont, EFA and EBS (p > 0.05). Our results may contribute to ongoing research into the effects of 900-MHz EMF exposure. Abbreviations: BS, Boswellia sacra; CA, cornu ammonis; CAT, catalase; CE, coefficient of error; CV, coefficient of variation; DG, dentate gyrus; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; EMF, electromagnetic field; EBS, the group that is exposed to EMF and received a single daily gavage of BS (500 mg/kg/day) during 21 days; EEG, electroencephalogram; EFA, the group that is exposed to EMF and received a single daily gavage of folic acid (50 mg/kg/day) during 21 days; FA, folic acid; gr, granular layer; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; MHz, Megahertz; ml, molecular layer; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen specimens; SEM, standard error of the mean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elfide Gizem Kivrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Isinsu Alkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kiymet Kubra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Adem Kocaman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Onger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Doyon P, Johansson O. Electromagnetic fields may act via calcineurin inhibition to suppress immunity, thereby increasing risk for opportunistic infection: Conceivable mechanisms of action. Med Hypotheses 2017; 106:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Lucia U, Grisolia G, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. An engineering thermodynamic approach to select the electromagnetic wave effective on cell growth. J Theor Biol 2017; 429:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
37
|
Haghighat N, Abdolmaleki P, Behmanesh M, Satari M. Stable morphological-physiological and neural protein expression changes in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated with electromagnetic field and nitric oxide. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:592-601. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Haghighat
- Faculty of Biological Science; Department of Biophysics; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Faculty of Biological Science; Department of Biophysics; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Faculty of Biological Science; Department of Genetics; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Satari
- Faculty of Biological Science; Department of Biophysics; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gökçek-Saraç Ç, Er H, Kencebay Manas C, Kantar Gok D, Özen Ş, Derin N. Effects of acute and chronic exposure to both 900 MHz and 2100 MHz electromagnetic radiation on glutamate receptor signaling pathway. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:980-989. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1337279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Gökçek-Saraç
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Er
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ceren Kencebay Manas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kantar Gok
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Özen
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Narin Derin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang H, Dai Y, Cheng Y, He Y, Manyakara Z, Duan Y, Sun G, Sun X. Influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on Ca2+signaling and double messenger system in mice hippocampus and reversal function of procyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:436-446. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yuanqing He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Zandile Manyakara
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Megha K, Deshmukh PS, Ravi AK, Tripathi AK, Abegaonkar MP, Banerjee BD. Effect of Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Monoamine Neurotransmitters and Their Key Regulating Enzymes in Rat Brain. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 73:93-100. [PMID: 25672490 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of wireless communication devices has raised major concerns towards deleterious effects of microwave radiation on human health. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effect of low-intensity microwave radiation on levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and gene expression of their key regulating enzymes in brain of Fischer rats. Animals were exposed to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz microwave radiation for 30 days (2 h/day, 5 days/week) with respective specific absorption rates as 5.953 × 10(-4) and 5.835 × 10(-4) W/kg. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters viz. dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and serotonin (5-HT) were detected using LC-MS/MS in hippocampus of all experimental animals. In addition, mRNA expression of key regulating enzymes for these neurotransmitters viz. tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (for DA, NE and E) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1 and TPH2) (for serotonin) was also estimated. Results showed significant reduction in levels of DA, NE, E and 5-HT in hippocampus of microwave-exposed animals in comparison with sham-exposed (control) animals. In addition, significant downregulation in mRNA expression of TH, TPH1 and TPH2 was also observed in microwave-exposed animals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that low-intensity microwave radiation may cause learning and memory disturbances by altering levels of brain monoamine neurotransmitters at mRNA and protein levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanu Megha
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B. Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Pravin S Deshmukh
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B. Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Alok K Ravi
- Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, Department of Ocular Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashok K Tripathi
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B. Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Mahesh P Abegaonkar
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics (CARE), Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B. Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bernal-Mondragón C, Arriaga-Avila V, Martínez-Abundis E, Barrera-Mera B, Mercado-Gómez O, Guevara-Guzmán R. Effects of repeated 9 and 30-day exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on social recognition behavior and estrogen receptors expression in olfactory bulb of Wistar female rats. Neurol Res 2016; 39:165-175. [PMID: 27892794 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1252875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the short- and long-term effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on social recognition behavior and expression of α- and β-estrogen receptors (ER). METHODS Rats were exposed to 60-Hz electromagnetic fields for 9 or 30 days and tested for social recognition behavior. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assays were performed to evaluate α- and β-ER expression in the olfactory bulb of intact, ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized+estradiol (E2) replacement (OVX+E2). RESULTS Ovariectomization showed impairment of social recognition after 9 days of EMF exposure and a complete recovery after E2 replacement and so did those after 30 days. Short EMF exposure increased expression of β-ER in intact, but not in the others. Longer exposure produced a decrease in intact but an increase in OVX and OVX+E2. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest a significant role for β-estrogen receptors and a lack of effect for α-estrogen receptors on a social recognition task. ABBREVIATIONS EMF: extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields; ERs: estrogen receptors; OB: olfactory bulb; OVX: ovariectomized; OVX + E2: ovariectomized + estradiol replacement; IEI: interexposure interval; β-ER: beta estrogen receptor; E2: replacement of estradiol; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; WB: Western blot; PBS: phosphate-buffer saline; PB: phosphate-buffer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bernal-Mondragón
- a Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - V Arriaga-Avila
- a Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - E Martínez-Abundis
- b División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco , Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco , Comalcalco , Mexico
| | - B Barrera-Mera
- a Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - O Mercado-Gómez
- a Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - R Guevara-Guzmán
- a Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vadalà M, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, Palmieri B, Laurino C, Iannitti T. Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in oncology. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3128-3139. [PMID: 27748048 PMCID: PMC5119968 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Available treatments are associated with numerous side effects and only a low percentage of patients achieve complete remission. Therefore, there is a strong need for new therapeutic strategies. In this regard, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy presents several potential advantages including non-invasiveness, safety, lack of toxicity for non-cancerous cells, and the possibility of being combined with other available therapies. Indeed, PEMF stimulation has already been used in the context of various cancer types including skin, breast, prostate, hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, bladder, thyroid, and colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. At present, only limited application of PEMF in cancer has been documented in humans. In this article, we review the experimental and clinical evidence of PEMF therapy discussing future perspectives in its use in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vadalà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmen Laurino
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kaplan S, Deniz OG, Önger ME, Türkmen AP, Yurt KK, Aydın I, Altunkaynak BZ, Davis D. Electromagnetic field and brain development. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 75:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
44
|
Erdem Koç G, Kaplan S, Altun G, Gümüş H, Gülsüm Deniz Ö, Aydin I, Emin Onger M, Altunkaynak Z. Neuroprotective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on hippocampal cells prenatally exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:590-5. [PMID: 27442260 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1206223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse effects on human health caused by electromagnetic fields (EMF) associated with the use of mobile phones, particularly among young people, are increasing all the time. The potential deleterious effects of EMF exposure resulting from mobile phones being used in close proximity to the brain require particular evaluation. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to EMF in the development of the pyramidal cells using melatonin (MEL) and omega-3 (ω-3). MATERIALS AND METHODS We established seven groups of pregnant rats consisting of three animals each; control (CONT), SHAM, EMF, EMF + MEL, MEL, EMF + ω-3 and ω-3 alone. The rats in the EMF, EMF + MEL, EMF + ω-3 groups were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 60 min/day in an exposure tube during the gestation period. The CONT, MEL and ω-3 group rats were not placed inside the exposure tube or exposed to EMF during the study period. After delivery, only spontaneously delivered male rat pups were selected for the establishment of further groups. Each group of offspring consisted of six animals. The optical fractionator technique was used to determine total pyramidal neuron numbers in the rat hippocampal region. RESULTS The total number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis (CA) in the EMF group was significantly lower than in the CONT, SHAM, EMF + MEL, and EMF + ω-3 groups. No significant difference was observed between the EMF, MEL and ω-3 groups. No difference was also observed between any groups in terms of rats' body or brain weights. CONCLUSION MEL and ω-3 can protect the cell against neuronal damage in the hippocampus induced by 900 MHz EMF. However, further studies are now needed to evaluate the chronic effects of 900 MHz EMF on the brain in the prenatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülüna Erdem Koç
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Adnan Menderes University , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Hasan Gümüş
- c Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Isinsu Aydin
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Onger
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Zuhal Altunkaynak
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Current models that frame consciousness in terms of electromagnetic field theory carry implications that have yet to be fully explored. Endogenous weak extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields are generated by ionic charge flow in axons, dendrites and synaptic transmitters. Because neural tissues are transparent to such fields, these provide the basis for the globally unifying qualities required to properly describe consciousness as a field. At the same time, however, an electromagnetic approach predicts partial transmission of this 1-100 nT field, suggesting external interactions similar to the various ELF magnetic perturbations that are linked to homeostatic and endocrine-related physiological effects. It follows that humans may represent an additional, previously unrecognized source of weak (1-10 nT) ambient ELF magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Liboff
- a Department of Physics , Oakland University , Rochester Hills , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yin C, Luo X, Duan Y, Duan W, Zhang H, He Y, Sun G, Sun X. Neuroprotective effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins on extremely low frequency electromagnetic field-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:628-39. [PMID: 27470406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) on extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons and the underlying molecular mechanism. The results of MTT, morphological observation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays showed that compared with control, incubating neurons under ELF-EMF exposure significantly decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic cells, whereas LSPCs evidently protected the hippocampal neurons against ELF-EMF-induced cell damage. Moreover, a certain concentration of LSPCs inhibited the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) level, as well as prevented the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by ELF-EMF exposure. In addition, supplementation with LSPCs could alleviate DNA damage, block cell cycle arrest at S phase, and inhibit apoptosis and necrosis of hippocampal neurons under ELF-EMF exposure. Further study demonstrated that LSPCs up-regulated the activations of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl proteins and suppressed the expressions of Bad, Bax proteins caused by ELF-EMF exposure. In conclusion, these findings revealed that LSPCs protected against ELF-EMF-induced neurotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Wenyi Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yuanqing He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou Z, Shan J, Zu J, Chen Z, Ma W, Li L, Xu J. Social behavioral testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging in chicks exposed to mobile phone radiation during development. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:36. [PMID: 27287450 PMCID: PMC4902983 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential adverse effect of mobile phone radiation is currently an area of great concern in the field of public health. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mobile phone radiation (900 MHz radiofrequency) during hatching on postnatal social behaviors in chicks, as well as the effect on brain size and structural maturity estimated using 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging. At day 4 of incubation, 76 normally developing chick embryos were divided into the control group (n = 39) and the radiation group (n = 37). Eggs in the radiation group were exposed to mobile phone radiation for 10 h each day from day 4 to 19 of incubation. Behavioral tests were performed 4 days after hatching. T2-weighted MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were subsequently performed. The size of different brain subdivisions (telencephalon, optic lobe, brain stem, and cerebellum) and corresponding DTI parameters were measured. The Chi-square test and the student’s t test were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Compared with controls, chicks in the radiation group showed significantly slower aggregation responses (14.87 ± 10.06 vs. 7.48 ± 4.31 s, respectively; P < 0.05), lower belongingness (23.71 ± 8.72 vs. 11.45 ± 6.53 s, respectively; P < 0.05), and weaker vocalization (53.23 ± 8.60 vs. 60.01 ± 10.45 dB/30 s, respectively; P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the radiation and control group for brain size and structural maturity, except for cerebellum size, which was significantly smaller in the radiation group (28.40 ± 1.95 vs. 29.95 ± 1.41 cm2, P < 0.05). The hatching and heteroplasia rates were also calculated and no significant difference was found between the two groups. Conclusions Mobile phone radiation exposure during chick embryogenesis impaired social behaviors after hatching and possibly induced cerebellar retardation. This indicates potential adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zien Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jiehui Shan
- Department of Geriatrics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Zu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zengai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kantserova NP, Lysenko LA, Ushakova NV, Krylov VV, Nemova NN. [Modulation of Ca(2+)-Dependent Proteiolysis under the Action of Weak Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016; 41:725-30. [PMID: 27125027 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the molecular targets of magnetic fields in living objects. Time-dependent effects of weak low-frequency magnetic field tuned to the parametric resonance for calcium ions were studied on model organisms (fish, whelk). The dynamics of Ca(2+)-dependent proteinase activity under the exposure to magnetic fields with given parameters was determined and minimal time of exposure in order to achieve inactivation of these proteinases was find out as well. As hyperactivation of Ca(2+)-dependent proteinases is a basis of degenerative pathology development the therapeutic potential of weak low-frequency magnetic fields enabling to modulate Ca(2+)-dependent proteinase activity is supported.
Collapse
|
49
|
Akpınar D, Gok DK, Hidisoglu E, Aslan M, Ozen S, Agar A, Yargicoglu P. Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to extremely low-frequency electric fields on mismatch negativity component of the auditory event-related potentials: Relation to oxidative stress. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:245-59. [PMID: 27070942 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1076727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, the developmental effects of extremely low-frequency electric fields (ELF-EF) on visual and somatosensory evoked potentials in adult rats were studied. There is no study so far examining the effects of 50 Hz electric field (EF) on mismatch negativity (MMN) recordings after exposure of rats during development. Therefore, our present study aimed to investigate MMN and oxidative brain damage in rats exposed to EF (12 kV/m, 1 h/day). Rats were divided into four groups, namely control (C), prenatal (Pr), postnatal (Po), and prenatal+postnatal (PP). Pregnant rats of Pr and PP groups were exposed to EF during pregnancy. Following birth, rats of PP and Po groups were exposed to EF for three months. After exposure to EF, MMN was recorded by electrodes positioned stereotaxically to the surface of the dura, and then brain tissues were removed for histological and biochemical analyses. The MMN amplitude was higher to deviant tones than to standard tones. It was decreased in all experimental groups compared with the C group. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) levels were significantly increased in the Po group with respect to the C group, whereas they were significantly decreased in the PP group compared with Pr and Po groups. Protein carbonyl levels were significantly decreased in the PP group compared with C, Pr, and Po groups. EF decreased MMN amplitudes were possibly induced by lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Akpınar
- a Department of Biophysics , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Deniz Kantar Gok
- a Department of Biophysics , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Enis Hidisoglu
- a Department of Biophysics , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- b Department of Biochemistry , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Sukru Ozen
- c Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Aysel Agar
- d Department of Physiology , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
We examine the hypothesis that consciousness is a manifestation of the electromagnetic field, finding supportive factors not previously considered. It is not likely that traditional electrophysiological signaling modes can be readily transmitted throughout the brain to properly enable this field because of electric field screening arising from the ubiquitous distribution of high dielectric lipid membranes, a problem that vanishes for low-frequency magnetic fields. Many reports over the last few decades have provided evidence that living tissue is robustly sensitive to ultrasmall (1-100 nT) ELF magnetic fields overlapping the γ-frequency range often associated with awareness. An example taken from animal behavior (coherent bird flocking) lends support to the possibility of a disembodied electromagnetic consciousness. In contrast to quantum consciousness hypotheses, the present approach is open to experimental trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Liboff
- a Department of Physics , Oakland University , Rochester , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|