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Lv Y, Wen L, Hu WJ, Deng C, Ren HW, Bao YN, Su BW, Gao P, Man ZY, Luo YY, Li CJ, Xiang ZX, Wang B, Luan ZL. Schizophrenia in the genetic era: a review from development history, clinical features and genomic research approaches to insights of susceptibility genes. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:147-171. [PMID: 37542622 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world population and ranks as one of the disorders providing the most severe burden for society. Schizophrenia etiology remains obscure involving multi-risk factors, such as genetic, environmental, nutritional, and developmental factors. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. This review provides an overview of the historical origins, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical symptoms and corresponding treatment of schizophrenia. In addition, as schizophrenia is a polygenic, genetic disorder caused by the combined action of multiple micro-effective genes, we further detail several approaches, such as candidate gene association study (CGAS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS), which are commonly used in schizophrenia genomics studies. A number of GWASs about schizophrenia have been performed with the hope to identify novel, consistent and influential risk genetic factors. Finally, some schizophrenia susceptibility genes have been identified and reported in recent years and their biological functions are also listed. This review may serve as a summary of past research on schizophrenia genomics and susceptibility genes (NRG1, DISC1, RELN, BDNF, MSI2), which may point the way to future schizophrenia genetics research. In addition, depending on the above discovery of susceptibility genes and their exact function, the development and application of antipsychotic drugs will be promoted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lv
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wen-Juan Hu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Hui-Wen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ya-Nan Bao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bo-Wei Su
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zi-Yue Man
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yi-Yang Luo
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Xiang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Central hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Zhi-Lin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Yoon J, Mao Y. Dissecting Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of 1q21.1 CNV in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5811. [PMID: 34071723 PMCID: PMC8197994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to the etiology of neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders (NDs). Increased CNV burden has been found to be critically involved in NDs compared with controls in clinical studies. The 1q21.1 CNVs, rare and large chromosomal microduplications and microdeletions, are detected in many patients with NDs. Phenotypes of duplication and deletion appear at the two ends of the spectrum. Microdeletions are predominant in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and microcephaly, whereas microduplications are predominant in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and macrocephaly. However, its complexity hinders the discovery of molecular pathways and phenotypic networks. In this review, we summarize the recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) that have identified candidate genes positively correlated with 1q21.1 CNVs, which are likely to contribute to abnormal phenotypes in carriers. We discuss the clinical data implicated in the 1q21.1 genetic structure that is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental dysfunctions like cognitive impairment and reduced synaptic plasticity. We further present variations reported in the phenotypic severity, genomic penetrance and inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
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3
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Addepalli A, Kalyani S, Singh M, Bandyopadhyay D, Naga Mohan K. CalPen (Calculator of Penetrance), a web-based tool to estimate penetrance in complex genetic disorders. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228156. [PMID: 31995602 PMCID: PMC6988981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations conferring susceptibility to complex disorders also occur in healthy individuals but at significantly lower frequencies than in patients, indicating that these mutations are not completely penetrant. Therefore, it is important to estimate the penetrance or the likelihood of developing a disease in presence of a mutation. Recently, a method to calculate penetrance and its credible intervals was developed on the basis of the Bayesian method and since been used in literature. However, in the present form, this approach demands programming skills for its utility. Here, we developed ‘CalPen’, a web-based tool for straightforward calculation of penetrance and its credible intervals by entering the number of mutations identified in controls and patients, and the number of patients and controls studied. For validation purposes, we show that CalPen-derived penetrance values are in good agreement with the published values. As further demonstration of its utility, we used schizophrenia as an example of complex disorder and estimated penetrance values for 15 different copy number variants (CNVs) reported in 39,059 patients and 55,084 controls, and 145 SNPs reported in 45,405 patients and 122,761 controls. CNVs showed an average penetrance of 7% with 22q11.21 CNVs having highest value (~20%) and 15q11.2 deletions with lowest value (~1.4%). Most SNPs, on the other hand showed a penetrance of 0.7% with rs1801028 having the highest penetrance (1.6%). In summary, CalPen is an accurate and user-friendly web-based tool useful in human genetic research to ascertain the ability of the mutation/ variant to cause a complex genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minali Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - K. Naga Mohan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail: (DB); (KNM)
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4
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Liu W, Guo Y, Liu X, Zhang R, Dong J, Deng H, He F, Che F, Liu S, Yi M. Family-Based Analysis Combined with Case-Controls Study Implicate Roles of PCNT in Tourette Syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:349-354. [PMID: 32099372 PMCID: PMC6999768 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s229420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neuro-developmental disorder and the genetic factors play an important role in its etiology. As pericentrin (PCNT) binds to disruption-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and is a risk factor for many mental illnesses, we aimed to investigate the effect of PCNT on TS in the Chinese Han population. METHODS Five tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs17371795, rs2839227, rs2839228, rs6518291 and rs9983522) in PCNT were screened in 407 TS nuclear family trios and 506 healthy persons by the TaqMan assays real-time. A common case-control study was designed to recognize differences in the genetic distributions. Additionally, we conducted a family based association study including transmission disequilibrium test, haplotype relative risk, and haplotype-based haplotype relative risk for these SNPs. RESULTS The allele frequencies revealed a significant difference of rs17371795, rs2839227 and rs2839228 between TS patients and controls (for rs17371795: P=0.002, OR=0.691, 95% CI=0.547-0.874; for rs2839227: P=0.001, OR=0.682, 95% CI=0.540-0.860; for rs2839228: P=0.028, OR=0.775, 95% CI=0.618-0.973) and genotypic distributions showed a positive association only in rs17371795 and rs2839227 (for rs17371795: P=0.010; for rs2839227: P=0.008). Moreover, only rs2839227 remained significant after Bonferroni correction (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Our study suggested genetic variability at the PCNT locus may be associated with TS risk in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmiao Liu
- Medical Genetics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixia Guo
- Child Health Care Department, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Medical Genetics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingji Yi
- Child Health Care Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Dahoun T, Nour MM, Adams RA, Trossbach S, Lee SH, Patel H, Curtis C, Korth C, Howes OD. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 functional polymorphisms and D 2 /D 3 receptor availability: A [ 11 C]-(+)-PHNO imaging study. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 18:e12596. [PMID: 31264367 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein has been implicated in a range of biological mechanisms underlying chronic mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is associated with abnormal striatal dopamine signalling, and all antipsychotic drugs block striatal dopamine 2/3 receptors (D2/3 Rs). Importantly, the DISC1 protein directly interacts and forms a protein complex with the dopamine D2 receptor (D2 R) that inhibits agonist-induced D2 R internalisation. Moreover, animal studies have found large striatal increases in the proportion of D2 R receptors in a high affinity state (D2 high R) in DISC1 rodent models. Here, we investigated the relationship between the three most common polymorphisms altering the amino-acid sequence of the DISC1 protein (Ser704Cys (rs821616), Leu607Phe (rs6675281) and Arg264Gln (rs3738401)) and striatal D2/3 R availability in 41 healthy human volunteers, using [11 C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography. We found no association between DISC1 polymorphisms and D2/3 R availability in the striatum and D2 R availability in the caudate and putamen. Therefore, despite a direct interaction between DISC1 and the D2 R, none of its main functional polymorphisms impact striatal D2/3 R binding potential, suggesting DISC1 variants act through other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Dahoun
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew M Nour
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, Russell Square House, London, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (WCHN), University College London, London, UK
| | - Rick A Adams
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Svenja Trossbach
- Department Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sang H Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hamel Patel
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Curtis
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Ma JH, Sun XY, Guo TJ, Barot E, Wang DF, Yan LL, Ni DW, Huang NH, Xie Q, Zeng J, Ou-Yang L, Liu YQ, Lu QB. Association on DISC1 SNPs with schizophrenia risk: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:306-309. [PMID: 30286368 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder with complex genetic, environmental, and psychological etiologies. Although DISC1 gene has been shown as a risk factor for schizophrenia in some reports, there is a lack of a consensus. We therefore performed separate meta-analyses aiming to assess the associations between DISC1 SNPs and schizophrenia risk. We found that SNP rs821597 is significantly associated with schizophrenia risk in terms of both allelic and genotypic distribution, while SNP rs821616 is associated with schizophrenia in terms of genotypic distribution, especially in cases above 40 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Ma
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Sun
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Tong-Jun Guo
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Emily Barot
- Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
| | | | - Lai-Lai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Da-Wei Ni
- Central Hospital of Fengxian, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Ning-Hua Huang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Li Ou-Yang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Ya-Qiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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7
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Dahoun T, Pardiñas AF, Veronese M, Bloomfield MAP, Jauhar S, Bonoldi I, Froudist-Walsh S, Nosarti C, Korth C, Hennah W, Walters J, Prata D, Howes OD. The effect of the DISC1 Ser704Cys polymorphism on striatal dopamine synthesis capacity: an [18F]-DOPA PET study. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:3498-3506. [PMID: 29945223 PMCID: PMC6168972 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst the role of the Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene in the aetiology of major mental illnesses is debated, the characterization of its function lends it credibility as a candidate. A key aspect of this functional characterization is the determination of the role of common non-synonymous polymorphisms on normal variation within these functions. The common allele (A) of the DISC1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs821616 encodes a serine (ser) at the Ser704Cys polymorphism, and has been shown to increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein Kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) that stimulate the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine biosynthesis. We therefore set out to test the hypothesis that human ser (A) homozygotes would show elevated dopamine synthesis capacity compared with cysteine (cys) homozygotes and heterozygotes (TT and AT) for rs821616. [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography (PET) was used to index striatal dopamine synthesis capacity as the influx rate constant Kicer in healthy volunteers DISC1 rs821616 ser homozygotes (N = 46) and healthy volunteers DISC1 rs821616 cys homozygotes and heterozygotes (N = 56), matched for age, gender, ethnicity and using three scanners. We found DISC1 rs821616 ser homozygotes exhibited a significantly higher striatal Kicer compared with cys homozygotes and heterozygotes (P = 0.012) explaining 6.4% of the variance (partial η2 = 0.064). Our finding is consistent with its previous association with heightened activation of ERK1/2, which stimulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity for dopamine synthesis. This could be a potential mechanism mediating risk for psychosis, lending further credibility to the fact that DISC1 is of functional interest in the aetiology of major mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Dahoun
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37 JX, UK
| | - Antonio F Pardiñas
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A P Bloomfield
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - William Hennah
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Mental Health Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James Walters
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Diana Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
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8
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Gene polymorphisms of DISC1 is associated with schizophrenia: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:64-73. [PMID: 29031911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest an association between Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) polymorphisms and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the available data are often inconsistent, regarding the difference in sample size, ethnicity, genotyping method, etc. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to determine whether DISC1 polymorphisms contributed susceptibility to SCZ. METHODS A methodical literature review was operated using the English and Chinese core electronic databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to determine the correlation between DISC1 gene polymorphisms and SCZ susceptibility. Subgroup analyses were carried out by stratification of ethnicity. P values were Bonferroni adjusted to account for multiple testing. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Egger's test and the trim and fill method. RESULTS Meta-analyses results suggested that DISC1 polymorphisms (rs821616 and rs821597) increased SCZ risk in overall populations. In subgroups of ethnicity, DISC1 polymorphisms (rs821616 and rs821597) was associated with susceptibility to SCZ among the Chinese population (for rs821616: TT+AT vs. AA: OR=1.338, 95% CI=1.124-1.592, P=0.001; T vs. A: OR=1.300, 95% CI=1.124-1.504, P<0.000; for rs821597: AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.508, 95% CI=1.268-1.794, P<0.001; A vs. G: OR=1.345, 95% CI=1.184-1.527, P<0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between the single marker rs821616 and SCZ among the Japanese population in the recessive model (TT vs. AT+AA: OR=1.524, 95% CI=1.185-1.959, P=0.001). There was no significant relationship between other DISC1 polymorphisms (rs3738401, rs2273890, rs3738398, rs3738402, rs2492367, rs843979, rs3737597, rs4658971, rs1538979, rs1000731 and rs3738399) and SCZ. CONCLUSIONS DISC1 polymorphisms increased a risk of SCZ, especially in the Chinese population. In order to further corroborate our findings, large well-designed epidemiological studies are needed.
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9
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Xu Y, Ren J, Ye H. Association between variations in the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 gene and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Gene 2018; 651:94-99. [PMID: 29410289 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder. Genetic and functional studies have strongly implicated the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 gene (DISC1) as a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Moreover, recent association studies have indicated that several DISC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with schizophrenia. However, the association is hardly replicate in different ethnic group. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of the association between DISC1 SNPs and schizophrenia in which the samples were divided into subgroups according to ethnicity. Both rs3738401 and rs821616 showed not significantly association with schizophrenia in the Caucasian, Asian, Japanese or Han Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haihong Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Deng D, Jian C, Lei L, Zhou Y, McSweeney C, Dong F, Shen Y, Zou D, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang L, Mao Y. A prenatal interruption of DISC1 function in the brain exhibits a lasting impact on adult behaviors, brain metabolism, and interneuron development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84798-84817. [PMID: 29156684 PMCID: PMC5689574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental illnesses like schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depression disorder (MDD) are devastating brain disorders. The SCZ risk gene, disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), has been associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. However, little is known regarding the long-lasting impacts on brain metabolism and behavioral outcomes from genetic insults on fetal NPCs during early life. We have established a new mouse model that specifically interrupts DISC1 functions in NPCs in vivo by a dominant-negative DISC1 (DN-DISC1) with a precise temporal and spatial regulation. Interestingly, prenatal interruption of mouse Disc1 function in NPCs leads to abnormal depression-like deficit in adult mice. Here we took a novel unbiased metabonomics approach to identify brain-specific metabolites that are significantly changed in DN-DISC1 mice. Surprisingly, the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, is augmented. Consistently, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are increased in the cingulate cortex, retrosplenial granular cortex, and motor cortex. Interestingly, somatostatin (SST) positive and neuropeptide Y (NPY) interneurons are decreased in some brain regions, suggesting that DN-DISC1 expression affects the localization of interneuron subtypes. To further explore the cellular mechanisms that cause this change, DN-DISC1 suppresses proliferation and promotes the cell cycle exit of progenitors in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), whereas it stimulates ectopic proliferation of neighboring cells through cell non-autonomous effect. Mechanistically, it modulates GSK3 activity and interrupts Dlx2 activity in the Wnt activation. In sum, our results provide evidence that specific genetic insults on NSCs at a short period of time could lead to prolonged changes of brain metabolism and development, eventually behavioral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Deng
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chongdong Jian
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Health Examination Center, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Colleen McSweeney
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fengping Dong
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yilun Shen
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Donghua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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11
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The role of the thalamus in schizophrenia from a neuroimaging perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 54:57-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Norlelawati AT, Kartini A, Norsidah K, Ramli M, Tariq AR, Wan Rohani WT. Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 SNPs and Susceptibility to Schizophrenia: Evidence from Malaysia. Psychiatry Investig 2015; 12:103-11. [PMID: 25670952 PMCID: PMC4310907 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even though the role of the DICS1 gene as a risk factor for schizophrenia is still unclear, there is substantial evidence from functional and cell biology studies that supports the connection of the gene with schizophrenia. The studies associating the DISC1 gene with schizophrenia in Asian populations are limited to East-Asian populations. Our study examined several DISC1 markers of schizophrenia that were identified in the Caucasian and East-Asian populations in Malaysia and assessed the role of rs2509382, which is located at 11q14.3, the mutual translocation region of the famous DISC1 translocation [t (1; 11) (p42.1; q14.3)]. METHODS We genotyped eleven single-neucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) within or related to DISC1 (rs821597, rs821616, rs4658971, rs1538979, rs843979, rs2812385, rs1407599, rs4658890, and rs2509382) using the PCR-RFLP methods. RESULTS In all, there were 575 participants (225 schizophrenic patients and 350 healthy controls) of either Malay or Chinese ethnicity. The case-control analyses found two SNPs that were associated with schizophrenia [rs4658971 (p=0.030; OR=1.43 (1.35-1.99) and rs1538979-(p=0.036; OR=1.35 (1.02-1.80)] and rs2509382-susceptibility among the males schizophrenics [p=0.0082; OR=2.16 (1.22-3.81)]. This is similar to the meta-analysis findings for the Caucasian populations. CONCLUSION The study supports the notion that the DISC1 gene is a marker of schizophrenia susceptibility and that rs2509382 in the mutual DISC1 translocation region is a susceptibility marker for schizophrenia among males in Malaysia. However, the finding of the study is limited due to possible genetic stratification and the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Talib Norlelawati
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Kartini
- Department of Psychiatry, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Kuzaifah Norsidah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Musa Ramli
- Department of Psychiatry, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Razak Tariq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Taib Wan Rohani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Liu B, Fan L, Cui Y, Zhang X, Hou B, Li Y, Qin W, Wang D, Yu C, Jiang T. DISC1 Ser704Cys impacts thalamic-prefrontal connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 220:91-100. [PMID: 24146131 PMCID: PMC4286634 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene has been thought as a putative susceptibility gene for various psychiatric disorders, and DISC1 Ser704Cys is associated with variations of brain morphology and function. Moreover, our recent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) study reported that DISC1 Ser704Cys was associated with information transfer efficiency in the brain anatomical network. However, the effects of the DISC1 gene on functional brain connectivity and networks, especially for thalamic-prefrontal circuit, which are disrupted in various psychiatric disorders, are largely unknown. Using a functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping method based on functional magnetic resonance imaging data in a large sample of healthy Han Chinese subjects, we first investigated the association between DISC1 Ser704Cys and short- and long-range FCD hubs. Compared with Ser homozygotes, Cys-allele individuals had increased long-range FCD hubs in the bilateral thalami. The functional and anatomical connectivity of the thalamus to the prefrontal cortex was further analyzed. Significantly increased thalamic-prefrontal functional connectivity and decreased thalamic-prefrontal anatomical connectivity were found in DISC1 Cys-allele carriers. Our findings provide consistent evidence that the DISC1 Ser704Cys polymorphism influences the thalamic-prefrontal circuits in humans and may provide new insights into the neural mechanisms that link DISC1 and the risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Bing Hou
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
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Booth CA, Brown JT, Randall AD. Neurophysiological modification of CA1 pyramidal neurons in a transgenic mouse expressing a truncated form of disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1074-90. [PMID: 24712988 PMCID: PMC4232873 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A t(1;11) balanced chromosomal translocation transects the Disc1 gene in a large Scottish family and produces genome-wide linkage to schizophrenia and recurrent major depressive disorder. This study describes our in vitro investigations into neurophysiological function in hippocampal area CA1 of a transgenic mouse (DISC1tr) that expresses a truncated version of DISC1 designed to reproduce aspects of the genetic situation in the Scottish t(1;11) pedigree. We employed both patch-clamp and extracellular recording methods in vitro to compare intrinsic properties and synaptic function and plasticity between DISC1tr animals and wild-type littermates. Patch-clamp analysis of CA1 pyramidal neurons (CA1-PNs) revealed no genotype dependence in multiple subthreshold parameters, including resting potential, input resistance, hyperpolarization-activated ‘sag’ and resonance properties. Suprathreshold stimuli revealed no alteration to action potential (AP) waveform, although the initial rate of AP production was higher in DISC1tr mice. No difference was observed in afterhyperpolarizing potentials following trains of 5–25 APs at 50 Hz. Patch-clamp analysis of synaptic responses in the Schaffer collateral commissural (SC) pathway indicated no genotype-dependence of paired pulse facilitation, excitatory postsynaptic potential summation or AMPA/NMDA ratio. Extracellular recordings also revealed an absence of changes to SC synaptic responses and indicated input–output and short-term plasticity were also unaltered in the temporoammonic (TA) input. However, in DISC1tr mice theta burst-induced long-term potentiation was enhanced in the SC pathway but completely lost in the TA pathway. These data demonstrate that expressing a truncated form of DISC1 affects intrinsic properties of CA1-PNs and produces pathway-specific effects on long-term synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair A Booth
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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15
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Arias B, Fabbri C, Serretti A, Drago A, Mitjans M, Gastó C, Catalán R, Fañanás L. DISC1-TSNAX and DAOA genes in major depression and citalopram efficacy. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:91-7. [PMID: 25043320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common disease with high morbidity and still unsatisfying treatment response. Both MDD pathogenesis and antidepressant effect are supposed to be strongly affected by genetic polymorphisms. Among promising candidate genes, distrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), translin-associated factor X (TSNAX) and D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA) were suggested since their regulator role in neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity and neurotransmission, and previous evidence of cross-involvement in major psychiatric diseases. METHODS The present paper investigated the role of 13 SNPs within the reported genes in MDD susceptibility through a case-control (n=320 and n=150, respectively) study and in citalopram efficacy (n=157). Measures of citalopram efficacy were response (4th week) and remission (12th week). Pharmacogenetic findings were tested in the STAR(⁎)D genome-wide dataset (n=1892) for replication. RESULTS Evidence of association among rs3738401 (DISC1), rs1615409 and rs766288 (TSNAX) and MDD was found (p=0.004, p=0.0019, and p=0.008, respectively). A trend of association between remission and DISC1 rs821616 and DAOA rs778294 was detected, and confirmation was found for rs778294 by repeated-measure ANOVA (p=0.0008). In the STAR(⁎)D a cluster of SNPs from 20 to 40Kbp from DISC1 findings in the original sample was associated with citalopram response, as well as rs778330 (12,325bp from rs778294). LIMITATIONS Relatively small size of the original sample and focus on only three candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS The present study supported a role of DISC1-TSNAX variants in MDD susceptibility. On the other hand, genetic regions around DAOA rs778294 and DISC1 rs6675281-rs1000731 may influence citalopram efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Arias
- Unitat d'Antropologia (Dep de Biologia Animal) Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Drago
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Mitjans
- Unitat d'Antropologia (Dep de Biologia Animal) Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Gastó
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centre de Salut Mental Esquerre de l´Eixample, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona. Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Catalán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centre de Salut Mental Esquerre de l´Eixample, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona. Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Unitat d'Antropologia (Dep de Biologia Animal) Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Lipina TV, Roder JC. Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) interactome and mental disorders: impact of mouse models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:271-94. [PMID: 25016072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has captured much attention because it predisposes individuals to a wide range of mental illnesses. Notably, a number of genes encoding proteins interacting with DISC1 are also considered to be relevant risk factors of mental disorders. We reasoned that the understanding of DISC1-associated mental disorders in the context of network principles will help to address fundamental properties of DISC1 as a disease gene. Systematic integration of behavioural phenotypes of genetic mouse lines carrying perturbation in DISC1 interacting proteins would contribute to a better resolution of neurobiological mechanisms of mental disorders associated with the impaired DISC1 interactome and lead to a development of network medicine. This review also makes specific recommendations of how to assess DISC1 associated mental disorders in mouse models and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Lipina
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - John C Roder
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Molecular & Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cao F, Zhang H, Feng J, Gao C, Li S. Association study of three microsatellite polymorphisms located in introns 1, 8, and 9 of DISC1 with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:407-11. [PMID: 23581481 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study explores more polymorphisms in Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) for schizophrenia, which confer risk of developing the disorder. RESULTS We report three short tandem repeat (STR) loci ((ATCC)n1, D1S1621, and (ATCC)n2) in DISC1 that showed a significant association with schizophrenia in a set of Chinese Han individuals, including 310 schizophrenics and 400 controls. The STRs in DISC1 associated with schizophrenia occur in intronic sequences in the vicinity of a critical splice junction that gives rise to the expression of DISC1 isoforms. The frequencies of allele 12 of (ATCC)n1, alleles 11 and 12, allele 13 and allele 15 of D1S1621, and allele 10 of (ATCC)n2 were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in controls. In contrast, the frequencies of alleles 9 and 10 of (ATCC)n1 and allele 16 and alleles17 and 18 of D1S1621 were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence for an effect of the DISC1 gene on the etiology of schizophrenia and suggest that STRs in the DISC1 gene may be genetic risk factors for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- The Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Republic of China
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18
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Sayın A, Yüksel N, Konac E, Yılmaz A, Doğan B, Tönge S, Sahiner S, Menevşe A. Effects of the adverse life events and Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene polymorphisms on acute symptoms of schizophrenia. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:73-80. [PMID: 23347445 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of traumatic childhood events and recent adverse life events, as well as the Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene polymorphisms on types of last acute symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Hundred patients with schizophrenia were given the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). The patients' and healthy controls' DISC1 gene was evaluated for the -274G>C, c.791G>A, and c.2110A>T polymorphisms. There was no statistically significant difference with regard to the DISC1 gene polymorphisms between patient and healthy control groups. No significant relationship was found between the -274G>C, c.791G>A, and c.2110A>T haplotypes and development of different acute symptoms of schizophrenia. Having a recent stressful life event significantly affected SAPS (95% confidence interval [CI]=-67.547, -21.473; p=0.00) and BPRS-1 scores (95% CI=-51.405, -6.885; p=0.01), whereas emotional abuse at childhood significantly affected SANS scores (95% CI=-37.300, -10.401; p=0.00). This study shows that features of acute symptoms in schizophrenia are not influenced by the polymorphisms on the DISC1 gene, but are influenced by recent adverse life events and emotional abuse at childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Sayın
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Trost S, Platz B, Usher J, Scherk H, Wobrock T, Ekawardhani S, Meyer J, Reith W, Falkai P, Gruber O. DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) is associated with cortical grey matter volumes in the human brain: a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:188-96. [PMID: 23140672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DISC1 (Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1), one of the top candidate genes for schizophrenia, has been associated with a range of major mental illnesses over the last two decades. DISC1 is crucially involved in neurodevelopmental processes of the human brain. Several haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms of DISC1 have been associated with changes of grey matter volumes in brain regions known to be altered in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DISC1 on grey matter volumes in human subjects using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). 114/113 participating subjects (psychiatric patients and healthy controls) were genotyped with respect to two at-risk SNPs of DISC1, rs6675281 and rs821616. All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI data was statistically analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. We found significant alterations of grey matter volumes in prefrontal and temporal brain regions in association with rs6675281 and rs821616. These effects of DISC1 polymorphisms on brain morphology provide further support for an involvement of DISC1 in the neurobiology of major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Trost
- Centre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany.
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Gender-specific association of TSNAX/DISC1 locus for schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in South Indian population. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:523-30. [PMID: 22673686 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetic association studies have implicated the TSNAX/DISC1 (disrupted in schizophrenia 1) in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and major depression. This study was performed to assess the possible involvement of TSNAX/DISC1 locus in the aetiology of BPAD and SCZ in the Southern Indian population. We genotyped seven single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) from TSNAX/DISC1 region in 1252 individuals (419 BPAD patients, 408 SCZ patients and 425 controls). Binary logistic regression revealed a nominal association for rs821616 in DISC1 for BPAD and also combined cases of BPAD or SCZ, but after correcting for multiple testing, these results were non-significant. However, significant association was observed with BPAD, as well as combined cases of BPAD or SCZ, within the female subjects for the rs766288 after applying false discovery rate corrections at the 0.05 level. Two-locus analysis showed C-C (rs766288-rs2812393) as a risk combination in BPAD, and G-T (rs2812393-rs821616) as a protective combination in SCZ and combined cases of BPAD or SCZ. Female-specific associations were observed for rs766288-rs2812393, rs766288-rs821616 and rs8212393-rs821616 in two-locus analysis. Our results provide further evidence for sex-dependent effects of the TSNAX/DISC1 locus in the aetiology of SCZ and BPAD.
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Bradshaw NJ, Porteous DJ. DISC1-binding proteins in neural development, signalling and schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:1230-41. [PMID: 21195721 PMCID: PMC3275753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the decade since Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) was first identified it has become one of the most convincing risk genes for major mental illness. As a multi-functional scaffold protein, DISC1 has multiple identified protein interaction partners that highlight pathologically relevant molecular pathways with potential for pharmaceutical intervention. Amongst these are proteins involved in neuronal migration (e.g. APP, Dixdc1, LIS1, NDE1, NDEL1), neural progenitor proliferation (GSK3β), neurosignalling (Girdin, GSK3β, PDE4) and synaptic function (Kal7, TNIK). Furthermore, emerging evidence of genetic association (NDEL1, PCM1, PDE4B) and copy number variation (NDE1) implicate several DISC1-binding partners as risk factors for schizophrenia in their own right. Thus, a picture begins to emerge of DISC1 as a key hub for multiple critical developmental pathways within the brain, disruption of which can lead to a variety of psychiatric illness phenotypes.
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Key Words
- disc1
- schizophrenia
- neurodevelopment
- signalling
- synapse
- association studies
- app, amyloid precursor protein
- atf4, activating transcription factor 4
- bace1, β-site app-cleaving enzyme-1
- bbs4, bardet–biedl syndrome 4
- cep290, centrosomal protein 290 kda
- cnv, copy number variation
- cre, camp response element
- dbz, disc1-binding zinc finger
- disc1, disrupted in schizophrenia 1
- dixdc1, dishevelled-axin domain containing-1
- fez1, fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1
- glur, glutamate receptor
- gsk3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β
- kal7, kalirin-7
- lef/tcf, lymphoid enhancer factor/t cell factor
- lis1, lissencephaly 1
- mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin
- nde1, nuclear distribution factor e homologue 1 or nuclear distribution element 1
- ndel1, nde-like 1
- nrg, neuregulin
- pacap, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
- pcm1, pericentriolar material 1
- pcnt, pericentrin
- pde4, phosphodiesterase 4
- pi3 k, phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase
- psd, post-synaptic density
- rac1, ras-related c3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
- tnik, traf2 and nck interacting kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Bradshaw
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH4 2XU, UK
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Abstract
Although disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) has been implicated in many psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder and major depression, its biological role in these disorders is unclear. To better understand this gene and its role in psychiatric disease, we conducted transcriptional profiling and genome-wide association analysis in 1232 pedigreed Mexican-American individuals for whom we have neuroanatomic images, neurocognitive assessments and neuropsychiatric diagnoses. SOLAR was used to determine heritability, identify gene expression patterns and perform association analyses on 188 quantitative brain-related phenotypes. We found that the DISC1 transcript is highly heritable (h(2)=0.50; P=1.97 × 10(-22)), and that gene expression is strongly cis-regulated (cis-LOD=3.89) but is also influenced by trans-effects. We identified several DISC1 polymorphisms that were associated with cortical gray matter thickness within the parietal, temporal and frontal lobes. Associated regions affiliated with memory included the entorhinal cortex (rs821639, P=4.11 × 10(-5); rs2356606, P=4.71 × 10(-4)), cingulate cortex (rs16856322, P=2.88 × 10(-4)) and parahippocampal gyrus (rs821639, P=4.95 × 10(-4)); those affiliated with executive and other cognitive processing included the transverse temporal gyrus (rs9661837, P=5.21 × 10(-4); rs17773946, P=6.23 × 10(-4)), anterior cingulate cortex (rs2487453, P=4.79 × 10(-4); rs3738401, P=5.43 × 10(-4)) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (rs9661837; P=7.40 × 10(-4)). Cognitive measures of working memory (rs2793094, P=3.38 × 10(-4)), as well as lifetime history of depression (rs4658966, P=4.33 × 10(-4); rs12137417, P=4.93 × 10(-4)) and panic (rs12137417, P=7.41 × 10(-4)) were associated with DISC1 sequence variation. DISC1 has well-defined genetic regulation and clearly influences important phenotypes related to psychiatric disease.
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Raznahan A, Lee Y, Long R, Greenstein D, Clasen L, Addington A, Rapoport JL, Giedd JN. Common functional polymorphisms of DISC1 and cortical maturation in typically developing children and adolescents. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:917-26. [PMID: 20628343 PMCID: PMC3162084 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), contains two common non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)--Leu607Phe and Ser704Cys--that modulate (i) facets of DISC1 molecular functioning important for cortical development, (ii) fronto-temporal cortical anatomy in adults and (iii) risk for diverse psychiatric phenotypes that often emerge during childhood and adolescence, and are associated with altered fronto-temporal cortical development. It remains unknown, however, if Leu607Phe and Ser704Cys influence cortical maturation before adulthood, and whether each SNP shows unique or overlapping effects. Therefore, we related genotype at Leu607Phe and Ser704Cys to cortical thickness (CT) in 255 typically developing individuals aged 9-22 years on whom 598 magnetic resonance imaging brain scans had been acquired longitudinally. Rate of cortical thinning varied with DISC1 genotype. Specifically, the rate of cortical thinning was attenuated in Phe-carrier compared with Leu-homozygous groups (in bilateral superior frontal and left angular gyri) and accelerated in Ser-homozygous compared with Cys-carrier groups (in left anterior cingulate and temporal cortices). Both SNPs additively predicted fixed differences in right lateral temporal CT, which were maximal between Phe-carrier/Ser-homozygous (thinnest) vs Leu-homozygous/Cys-carrier (thickest) groups. Leu607Phe and Ser704Cys genotype interacted to predict the rate of cortical thinning in right orbitofrontal, middle temporal and superior parietal cortices, wherein a significantly reduced rate of CT loss was observed in Phe-carrier/Cys-carrier participants only. Our findings argue for further examination of Leu607Phe and Ser704Cys interactions at a molecular level, and suggest that these SNPs might operate (in concert with other genetic and environmental factors) to shape risk for diverse phenotypes by impacting on the early maturation of fronto-temporal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raznahan
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Kvajo M, McKellar H, Gogos JA. Avoiding mouse traps in schizophrenia genetics: lessons and promises from current and emerging mouse models. Neuroscience 2011; 211:136-64. [PMID: 21821099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, but despite progress in identifying the genetic factors implicated in its development, the mechanisms underlying its etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Development of mouse models is critical for expanding our understanding of the causes of schizophrenia. However, translation of disease pathology into mouse models has proven to be challenging, primarily due to the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia and the difficulties in the re-creation of susceptibility alleles in the mouse genome. In this review we highlight current research on models of major susceptibility loci and the information accrued from their analysis. We describe and compare the different approaches that are necessitated by diverse susceptibility alleles, and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we discuss emerging mouse models, such as second-generation pathophysiology models based on innovative approaches that are facilitated by the information gathered from the current genetic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kvajo
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Association study between Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) and Japanese patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:636-9. [PMID: 21256178 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Treating the 20-30% of patients with schizophrenia whose symptoms are resistant to antipsychotic treatment, a condition known as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), can be problematic. Recently, an association between Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, and TRS was reported. Associations between three missense SNPs, rs3738401 (Q264R), rs6675281 (L607F), and rs821616 (S704C) in DISC1, especially rs3738401, showed strong significance. Thus, the main aim of our current study was to examine if the reported possible functional polymorphisms in DISC1 were related to Japanese TRS. First, DISC1 was re-investigated in 485 Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 660 healthy controls with a case-control study using four candidate SNPs, rs751229, rs3738401, rs821597, and rs821616. DISC1 was not associated with schizophrenia in the Japanese population. Second, we investigated whether these SNPs contributed to TRS in 127 inpatients with schizophrenia (35 patients; TRS and 92 patients; non-TRS). The genotypic distributions of these four SNPs were not significantly different between TRS and non-TRS in either genotypic or recessive models of minor alleles. In addition, clinical variables, such as improvement in clinical symptoms, duration of hospitalization, and total antipsychotics dose amounts, were not different among the genotypes of these SNPs. Taken together, results showed that DISC1 had no apparent degree of association with Japanese patients with schizophrenia as a candidate susceptibility gene for disease per se or TRS.
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Prata DP, Mechelli A, Picchioni M, Fu CHY, Kane F, Kalidindi S, McDonald C, Kravariti E, Toulopoulou T, Bramon E, Walshe M, Murray R, Collier DA, McGuire PK. No association of Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 variation with prefrontal function in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2010; 10:276-85. [PMID: 21091867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene has been implicated in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder by linkage and genetic association studies. Altered prefrontal cortical function is a pathophysiological feature of both disorders, and we have recently shown that variation in DISC1 modulates prefrontal activation in healthy volunteers. Our goal was to examine the influence of the DISC1 polymorphism Cys704Ser on prefrontal function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. From 2004 to 2008, patients with schizophrenia (N = 44), patients with bipolar disorder (N = 35) and healthy volunteers (N = 53) were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a verbal fluency task. The effect of Cys704Ser on cortical activation was compared between groups as Cys704 carriers vs. Ser704 homozygotes. In contrast to the significant effect on prefrontal activation we had previously found in healthy subjects, no significant effect of Cys704Ser was detected in this or any other region in either the schizophrenia or bipolar groups. When controls were compared with patients with schizophrenia, there was a diagnosis by genotype interaction in the left middle/superior frontal gyrus [family-wise error (FWE) P = 0.002]. In this region, Ser704/ser704 controls activated more than Cys704 carriers, and there was a trend in the opposite direction in schizophrenia patients. In contrast to its effect in healthy subjects, variation in DISC1 Cys704Ser704 genotype was not associated with altered prefrontal activation in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The absence of an effect in patients may reflect interactions of the effects of DISC1 genotype with the effects of other genes associated with these disorders, and/or with the effects of the disorders on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Prata
- Division of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, UK.
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Association of DISC1 gene with schizophrenia in families from two distinct French and Algerian populations. Psychiatr Genet 2010; 20:298-303. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e32833aa5c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mouaffak F, Kebir O, Chayet M, Tordjman S, Vacheron MN, Millet B, Jaafari N, Bellon A, Olié JP, Krebs MO. Association of Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) missense variants with ultra-resistant schizophrenia. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 11:267-73. [PMID: 20531374 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Three common missense variants of the Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene, rs3738401 (Q264R), rs6675281 (L607F) and rs821616 (S704C), have been variably associated with the risk of schizophrenia. In a case-control study, we examine whether these gene variants are associated with schizophrenia and ultra-resistant schizophrenia (URS) in a population of French Caucasian patients. The URS phenotype is characterized according to stringent criteria as patients who experience no clinical, social and/or occupational remission in spite of treatment with clozapine and at least two periods of treatment with distinct conventional or atypical antipsychotic drugs. We find a significant association between DISC1 missense variants and URS. The association with rs3738401 remains significant after appropriate correction for multiple testing. These results suggest that the DISC1 rs3738401 missense variant is statistically linked with ultra-resistance to antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mouaffak
- INSERM U894, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Paris, France
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Kim HJ, Park JK, Kim SK, Kang SW, Kim JW, Park HK, Cho AR, Song JY, Chung JH. No association between polymorphisms of WNT2 and schizophrenia in a Korean population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:78. [PMID: 20492734 PMCID: PMC2887425 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2 (WNT2) has a potentially important role in neuronal development; however, there has yet to be an investigation into the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of WNT2 and schizophrenia. This study aimed to determine whether certain SNPs of WNT2 were associated with schizophrenia in a Korean population. METHODS e genotyped 7 selected SNPs in the WNT2 gene region (approximately 46 Kb) using direct sequencing in 288 patients with schizophrenia and 305 healthy controls. RESULTS Of the SNPs examined, one SNP showed a weak association with schizophrenia (p = 0.017 in the recessive model). However, this association did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION The present study does not support a major role for WNT2 in schizophrenia. This could be due to the size of the population. Therefore, additional studies would be needed to definitively rule out the gene's minor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Jae Kim
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chunan 336-745, Republic of Korea
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Dick DM, Riley B, Kendler KS. Nature and nurture in neuropsychiatric genetics: where do we stand? DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2010. [PMID: 20373663 PMCID: PMC3181950 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2010.12.1/ddick] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Both genetic and nongenetic risk factors, as well as interactions and correlations between them, are thought to contribute to the etiology of psychiatric and behavioral phenotypes. Genetic epidemiology consistently supports the involvement of genes in liability. Molecular genetic studies have been less successful in identifying liability genes, but recent progress suggests that a number of specific genes contributing to risk have been identified. Collectively, the results are complex and inconsistent, with a single common DNA variant in any gene influencing risk across human populations. Few specific genetic variants influencing risk have been unambiguously identified. Contemporary approaches, however, hold great promise to further elucidate liability genes and variants, as well as their potential inter-relationships with each other and with the environment. We will review the fields of genetic epidemiology and molecular genetics, providing examples from the literature to illustrate the key concepts emerging from this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond 23298, USA
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Abstract
More than 200 phosphorylated 14-3-3-binding sites in the literature were analysed to define 14-3-3 specificities, identify relevant protein kinases, and give insights into how cellular 14-3-3/phosphoprotein networks work. Mode I RXX(pS/pT)XP motifs dominate, although the +2 proline residue occurs in less than half, and LX(R/K)SX(pS/pT)XP is prominent in plant 14-3-3-binding sites. Proline at +1 is rarely reported, and such motifs did not stand up to experimental reanalysis of human Ndel1. Instead, we discovered that 14-3-3 interacts with two residues that are phosphorylated by basophilic kinases and located in the DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1)-interacting region of Ndel1 that is implicated in cognitive disorders. These data conform with the general findings that there are different subtypes of 14-3-3-binding sites that overlap with the specificities of different basophilic AGC (protein kinase A/protein kinase G/protein kinase C family) and CaMK (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) protein kinases, and a 14-3-3 dimer often engages with two tandem phosphorylated sites, which is a configuration with special signalling, mechanical and evolutionary properties. Thus 14-3-3 dimers can be digital logic gates that integrate more than one input to generate an action, and coincidence detectors when the two binding sites are phosphorylated by different protein kinases. Paired sites are generally located within disordered regions and/or straddle either side of functional domains, indicating how 14-3-3 dimers modulate the conformations and/or interactions of their targets. Finally, 14-3-3 proteins bind to members of several multi-protein families. Two 14-3-3-binding sites are conserved across the class IIa histone deacetylases, whereas other protein families display differential regulation by 14-3-3s. We speculate that 14-3-3 dimers may have contributed to the evolution of such families, tailoring regulatory inputs to different physiological demands.
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Di Giorgio A, Blasi G, Sambataro F, Rampino A, Papazacharias A, Gambi F, Romano R, Caforio G, Rizzo M, Latorre V, Popolizio T, Kolachana B, Callicott JH, Nardini M, Weinberger DR, Bertolino A. Association of the SerCys DISC1 polymorphism with human hippocampal formation gray matter and function during memory encoding. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 28:2129-36. [PMID: 19046394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism leading to a serine-to-cysteine substitution at amino acid 704 (Ser(704)Cys) in the DISC1 protein sequence has been recently associated with schizophrenia and with specific hippocampal abnormalities. Here, we used multimodal neuroimaging to investigate in a large sample of healthy subjects the putative association of the Ser(704)Cys DISC1 polymorphism with in vivo brain phenotypes including hippocampal formation (HF) gray matter volume and function (as assessed with functional MRI) as well as HF functional coupling with the neural network engaged during encoding of recognition memory. Individuals homozygous for DISC1 Ser allele relative to carriers of the Cys allele showed greater gray matter volume in the HF. Further, Ser/Ser subjects exhibited greater engagement of the HF together with greater HF-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional coupling during memory encoding, in spite of similar behavioral performance. These findings consistently support the notion that Ser(704)Cys DISC1 polymorphism is physiologically relevant. Moreover, they support the hypothesis that genetic variation in DISC1 may affect the risk for schizophrenia by modifying hippocampal gray matter and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Di Giorgio
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Section on Mental Disorders, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Tomppo L, Hennah W, Miettunen J, Järvelin MR, Veijola J, Ripatti S, Lahermo P, Lichtermann D, Peltonen L, Ekelund J. Association of variants in DISC1 with psychosis-related traits in a large population cohort. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 2009; 66:134-41. [PMID: 19188535 PMCID: PMC2704396 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is an abundance of data from human genetic studies and animal models that implies a role for the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 gene (DISC1) in the etiology of schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of previously identified risk alleles of DISC1 on quantitative intermediate phenotypes for psychosis in an unselected population. DESIGN We examined 41 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within DISC1 and performed tests of association with 4 quantitative phenotypes. SETTING Academic research. PARTICIPANTS Individuals from an unselected birth cohort in Finland. Originally, everyone born in the catchment area in 1966 (N = 12 058) was included in the study. Of these, 4651 (38.6%) attended the 31-year follow-up and could be included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Scores on 4 psychometric instruments selected to function as proxies for positive and negative aspects of psychotic disorders, including the Perceptual Aberration Scale, Revised Social Anhedonia Scale, Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale, and Schizoidia Scale by Golden and Meehl. RESULTS Carriers of the minor allele of marker rs821577 had significantly higher scores on social anhedonia (P < .001). The minor allele of marker rs821633 was strongly associated with lower scores on social anhedonia when analyzed dependent on the absence of the minor alleles of markers rs1538979 and rs821577 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Variants in DISC1 affect the level of social anhedonia, a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia in the general population. DISC1 might be more central to human psychological functioning than previously thought, as it seems to affect the degree to which people enjoy social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Tomppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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