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Paired corticomotoneuronal stimulation of the preactivated ankle dorsiflexor: an open-label study of magnetic and electrical painless protocols. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:629-647. [PMID: 36637488 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Paired corticomotoneuronal stimulation (or electrical PCMS: ePCMS) is the repetitive pairing of an electrical stimulus to a nerve with a transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex (TMS-of-M1) to noninvasively influence spinal plasticity. We compared ePCMS with the new painless PCMS protocol pairing a magnetic stimulus to the nerve with TMS-of-M1 (mPCMS) in the preactivated tibial anterior muscle (TA). Sixteen healthy adults participated in two sessions (mPCMS, ePCMS), each with 180 pairs of [low-intensity TMS-of-M1 + nerve stimulation] at 0.2 Hz. TA motor-evoked potentials (MEP) to single-pulse TMS at pre-PCMS, immediately and 30 min after PCMS, were cluster-analyzed to discriminate responders and non-responders. Paired-pulse TMS-of-M1 and F-waves were also tested and BDNF polymorphism influence was explored. Both PCMS protocols significantly increased MEP amplitudes (n = 9 responders each), but the time-course differed with mPCMS inducing larger MEP increase over time. The number of BDNF-methionine carriers tended to be larger than Val66Val in mPCMS and the reverse in ePCMS, thus warranting further investigations. The MEP changes of the preactivated TA likely occurred at the pre-motoneuronal level and larger mPCMS after-effects over time may be related to the afferents recruited. mPCMS seems relevant to be tested in future studies as a painless noninvasive approach to induce sustained pre-motoneuronal plasticity in spinal cord injury.
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Su X, Liu H, Wang X, Pan X, Zhang X, Lu X, Zhao L, Chen Y, Shang Y, Wu F, Xiu M. Neuronavigated Repetitive Transcranial Stimulation Improves Neurocognitive Functioning in Veterans with Schizophrenia: A Possible Role of BDNF Polymorphism. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:142-150. [PMID: 35927806 PMCID: PMC10193754 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220803154820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported in the previous literatures that high-frequency (HF) neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of the research findings with regards to the effectiveness of HF-rTMS on the neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia greatly hinders its clinical application. The current study was designed to determine the predictive role of BDNF variants for neurocognitive improvements after rTMS administration in veterans with schizophrenia. 109 hospitalized veterans with schizophrenia were randomly allocated to active HF-rTMS (n=63) or sham stimulation (n=46) over left DLPFC for 4 consecutive weeks. Neurocognitive functions were assessed by using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) at baseline and at the end of week 4. BDNF polymorphism was genotyped by the technicians. Compared with sham stimulation sessions, the immediate memory performance was significantly increased in active sessions after neuronavigated HF-rTMS administration. In addition, patients with the CC homozygotes demonstrated greater improvement of immediate memory after rTMS treatment, while T allele carriers showed no significant improvement in immediate memory domain relative to baseline performance of immediate memory. Our findings suggest that add-on neuronavigated HF-rTMS is beneficial on immediate memory only in patients with CC homozygotes, but not in T allele carriers. This pilot study provides further evidence for BDNF as a promise biomarker in predicting the clinical response to rTMS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Su
- Hebei Province Veterians hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hebei Province Veterians hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuling Pan
- Hebei Province Veterians hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hebei Province Veterians hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Hebei Province Veterians hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Hebei Province Veterians hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yingnan Chen
- Hebei Province Veterians hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yujie Shang
- Hebei Province Veterians hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Kimura I, Ugawa Y, Hayashi MJ, Amano K. Quadripulse stimulation: A replication study with a newly developed stimulator. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:579-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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4
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BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism modulates brain activity following rTMS-induced memory impairment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:176. [PMID: 34997117 PMCID: PMC8741781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism is a relevant factor explaining inter-individual differences to TMS responses in studies of the motor system. However, whether this variant also contributes to TMS-induced memory effects, as well as their underlying brain mechanisms, remains unexplored. In this investigation, we applied rTMS during encoding of a visual memory task either over the left frontal cortex (LFC; experimental condition) or the cranial vertex (control condition). Subsequently, individuals underwent a recognition memory phase during a functional MRI acquisition. We included 43 young volunteers and classified them as 19 Met allele carriers and 24 as Val/Val individuals. The results revealed that rTMS delivered over LFC compared to vertex stimulation resulted in reduced memory performance only amongst Val/Val allele carriers. This genetic group also exhibited greater fMRI brain activity during memory recognition, mainly over frontal regions, which was positively associated with cognitive performance. We concluded that BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism, known to exert a significant effect on neuroplasticity, modulates the impact of rTMS both at the cognitive as well as at the associated brain networks expression levels. This data provides new insights on the brain mechanisms explaining cognitive inter-individual differences to TMS, and may inform future, more individually-tailored rTMS interventions.
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Sasaki R, Kojima S, Onishi H. Do Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genetic Polymorphisms Modulate the Efficacy of Motor Cortex Plasticity Induced by Non-invasive Brain Stimulation? A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:742373. [PMID: 34650418 PMCID: PMC8505675 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.742373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) of the human primary motor cortex (M1) are widely used in basic and clinical research to induce neural plasticity. The induction of neural plasticity in the M1 may improve motor performance ability in healthy individuals and patients with motor deficit caused by brain disorders. However, several recent studies revealed that various NIBS techniques yield high interindividual variability in the response, and that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype (i.e., Val/Val and Met carrier types) may be a factor contributing to this variability. Here, we conducted a systematic review of all published studies that investigated the effects of the BDNF genotype on various forms of NIBS techniques applied to the human M1. The motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which can evaluate M1 excitability, were investigated as the main outcome. A total of 1,827 articles were identified, of which 17 (facilitatory NIBS protocol, 27 data) and 10 (inhibitory NIBS protocol, 14 data) were included in this review. More than two-thirds of the data (70.4–78.6%) on both NIBS protocols did not show a significant genotype effect of NIBS on MEP changes. Conversely, most of the remaining data revealed that the Val/Val type is likely to yield a greater MEP response after NIBS than the Met carrier type in both NIBS protocols (21.4–25.9%). Finally, to aid future investigation, we discuss the potential effect of the BDNF genotype based on mechanisms and methodological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoki Sasaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sho Kojima
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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Cash RFH, Udupa K, Gunraj CA, Mazzella F, Daskalakis ZJ, Wong AHC, Kennedy JL, Chen R. Influence of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on excitatory-inhibitory balance and plasticity in human motor cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2827-2839. [PMID: 34592560 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While previous studies showed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (Val66Met) of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can impact neuroplasticity, the influence of BDNF genotype on cortical circuitry and relationship to neuroplasticity remain relatively unexplored in human. METHODS Using individualised transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters, we explored the influence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on excitatory and inhibitory neural circuitry, its relation to I-wave TMS (ITMS) plasticity and effect on the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in 18 healthy individuals. RESULTS Excitatory and inhibitory indexes of neurotransmission were reduced in Met allele carriers. An E/I balance was evident, which was influenced by BDNF with higher E/I ratios in Val/Val homozygotes. Both long-term potentiation (LTP-) and depression (LTD-) like ITMS plasticity were greater in Val/Val homozygotes. LTP- but not LTD-like effects were restored in Met allele carriers by increasing stimulus intensity to compensate for reduced excitatory transmission. CONCLUSIONS The influence of BDNF genotype may extend beyond neuroplasticity to neurotransmission. The E/I balance was evident in human motor cortex, modulated by BDNF and measurable using TMS. Given the limited sample, these preliminary findings warrant further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE These novel findings suggest a broader role of BDNF genotype on neurocircuitry in human motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F H Cash
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - K Udupa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dept of Neurophysiology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India
| | - C A Gunraj
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Mazzella
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z J Daskalakis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - A H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shah-Basak P, Harvey DY, Parchure S, Faseyitan O, Sacchetti D, Ahmed A, Thiam A, Lohoff FW, Hamilton RH. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Polymorphism Influences Response to Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at Rest. Neuromodulation 2020; 24:S1094-7159(21)06197-3. [PMID: 33090650 PMCID: PMC8032803 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ability of noninvasive brain stimulation to modulate corticospinal excitability and plasticity is influenced by genetic predilections such as the coding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Otherwise healthy individuals presenting with BDNF Val66Met (Val/Met) polymorphism are less susceptible to changes in excitability in response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and paired associative stimulation paradigms, reflecting reduced neuroplasticity, compared to Val homozygotes (Val/Val). In the current study, we investigated whether BDNF polymorphism influences "baseline" excitability under TMS conditions that are not repetitive or plasticity-inducing. Cross-sectional BDNF levels could predict TMS response more generally because of the ongoing plasticity processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five healthy individuals (23 females; age: 25.3 ± 7.0 years) participated in the study, comprising two groups. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were collected using single-pulse TMS paradigms at fixed stimulation intensities at 110% of the resting motor threshold in one group, and individually-derived intensities based on MEP sizes of 1 mV in the second group. Functional variant Val66Met (rs6265) was genotyped from saliva samples by a technician blinded to the identity of DNA samples. RESULTS Twenty-seven participants (60.0%) were identified with Val/Val, sixteen (35.5%) with Val/Met genotype, and two with Met/Met genotype. MEP amplitudes were significantly diminished in the Val/Met than Val/Val individuals. These results held independent of the single-pulse TMS paradigm of choice (p = 0.017110% group; p = 0.035 1 mV group), age, and scalp-to-coil distances. CONCLUSIONS The findings should be further substantiated in larger-scale studies. If validated, intrinsic differences by BDNF polymorphism status could index response to TMS prior to implementing plasticity-inducing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shah-Basak
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Denise Y. Harvey
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Research Department, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, 50 Township Line Road, Elkins Park, PA 19027
| | - Shreya Parchure
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Olufunsho Faseyitan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daniela Sacchetti
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Abdou Thiam
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540
| | - Roy H. Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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9
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Schaefer N, Rotermund C, Blumrich EM, Lourenco MV, Joshi P, Hegemann RU, Jamwal S, Ali N, García Romero EM, Sharma S, Ghosh S, Sinha JK, Loke H, Jain V, Lepeta K, Salamian A, Sharma M, Golpich M, Nawrotek K, Paidi RK, Shahidzadeh SM, Piermartiri T, Amini E, Pastor V, Wilson Y, Adeniyi PA, Datusalia AK, Vafadari B, Saini V, Suárez-Pozos E, Kushwah N, Fontanet P, Turner AJ. The malleable brain: plasticity of neural circuits and behavior - a review from students to students. J Neurochem 2017. [PMID: 28632905 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing features of the brain is its ability to be malleable, allowing it to adapt continually to changes in the environment. Specific neuronal activity patterns drive long-lasting increases or decreases in the strength of synaptic connections, referred to as long-term potentiation and long-term depression, respectively. Such phenomena have been described in a variety of model organisms, which are used to study molecular, structural, and functional aspects of synaptic plasticity. This review originated from the first International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) and Journal of Neurochemistry (JNC) Flagship School held in Alpbach, Austria (Sep 2016), and will use its curriculum and discussions as a framework to review some of the current knowledge in the field of synaptic plasticity. First, we describe the role of plasticity during development and the persistent changes of neural circuitry occurring when sensory input is altered during critical developmental stages. We then outline the signaling cascades resulting in the synthesis of new plasticity-related proteins, which ultimately enable sustained changes in synaptic strength. Going beyond the traditional understanding of synaptic plasticity conceptualized by long-term potentiation and long-term depression, we discuss system-wide modifications and recently unveiled homeostatic mechanisms, such as synaptic scaling. Finally, we describe the neural circuits and synaptic plasticity mechanisms driving associative memory and motor learning. Evidence summarized in this review provides a current view of synaptic plasticity in its various forms, offers new insights into the underlying mechanisms and behavioral relevance, and provides directions for future research in the field of synaptic plasticity. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 788. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carola Rotermund
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Blumrich
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pooja Joshi
- Inserm UMR 1141, Robert Debre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Regina U Hegemann
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Nilufar Ali
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sorabh Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shampa Ghosh
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitendra K Sinha
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hannah Loke
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vishal Jain
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Katarzyna Lepeta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ahmad Salamian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mahima Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mojtaba Golpich
- Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (HUKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Department of Process Thermodynamics, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ramesh K Paidi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Sheila M Shahidzadeh
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tetsade Piermartiri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Elham Amini
- Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (HUKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Veronica Pastor
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. Eduardo De Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yvette Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip A Adeniyi
- Cell Biology and Neurotoxicity Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado - Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | - Benham Vafadari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Toxicología, México
| | - Neetu Kushwah
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Paula Fontanet
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cellular Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN), CONICET-UBA, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anthony J Turner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Stewart JC, Cramer SC. Genetic Variation and Neuroplasticity: Role in Rehabilitation After Stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther 2017; 41 Suppl 3:S17-S23. [PMID: 28628592 PMCID: PMC5477674 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In many neurologic diagnoses, significant interindividual variability exists in the outcomes of rehabilitation. One factor that may impact response to rehabilitation interventions is genetic variation. Genetic variation refers to the presence of differences in the DNA sequence among individuals in a population. Genetic polymorphisms are variations that occur relatively commonly and, while not disease-causing, can impact the function of biological systems. The purpose of this article is to describe genetic polymorphisms that may impact neuroplasticity, motor learning, and recovery after stroke. SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS Genetic polymorphisms for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dopamine, and apolipoprotein E have been shown to impact neuroplasticity and motor learning. Rehabilitation interventions that rely on the molecular and cellular pathways of these factors may be impacted by the presence of the polymorphism. For example, it has been hypothesized that individuals with the BDNF polymorphism may show a decreased response to neuroplasticity-based interventions, decreased rate of learning, and overall less recovery after stroke. However, research to date has been limited and additional work is needed to fully understand the role of genetic variation in learning and recovery. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Genetic polymorphisms should be considered as possible predictors or covariates in studies that investigate neuroplasticity, motor learning, or motor recovery after stroke. Future predictive models of stroke recovery will likely include a combination of genetic factors and other traditional factors (eg, age, lesion type, corticospinal tract integrity) to determine an individual's expected response to a specific rehabilitation intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Campbell Stewart
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina
| | - Steven C. Cramer
- Departments of Neurology, Anatomy & Neurobiology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine
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11
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Cash RF, Dar A, Hui J, De Ruiter L, Baarbé J, Fettes P, Peters S, Fitzgerald PB, Downar J, Chen R. Influence of inter-train interval on the plastic effects of rTMS. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:630-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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12
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Kobayashi B, Cook IA, Hunter AM, Minzenberg MJ, Krantz DE, Leuchter AF. Can neurophysiologic measures serve as biomarkers for the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of major depressive disorder? Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:98-114. [PMID: 28362541 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1297697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). There are clinical data that support the efficacy of many different approaches to rTMS treatment, and it remains unclear what combination of stimulation parameters is optimal to relieve depressive symptoms. Because of the costs and complexity of studies that would be necessary to explore and compare the large number of combinations of rTMS treatment parameters, it would be useful to establish reliable surrogate biomarkers of treatment efficacy that could be used to compare different approaches to treatment. This study reviews the evidence that neurophysiologic measures of cortical excitability could be used as biomarkers for screening different rTMS treatment paradigms. It examines evidence that: (1) changes in excitability are related to the mechanism of action of rTMS; (2) rTMS has consistent effects on measures of excitability that could constitute reliable biomarkers; and (3) changes in excitability are related to the outcomes of rTMS treatment of MDD. An increasing body of evidence indicates that these neurophysiologic measures have the potential to serve as reliable biomarkers for screening different approaches to rTMS treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kobayashi
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Ian A Cook
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,d Department of Bioengineering , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Aimee M Hunter
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Michael J Minzenberg
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - David E Krantz
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Gunduz A, Rothwell J, Vidal J, Kumru H. Non-invasive brain stimulation to promote motor and functional recovery following spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1933-1938. [PMID: 29323025 PMCID: PMC5784334 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.221143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of studies using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)) as a research and clinical tool aimed at improving motor and functional recovery or spasticity in patients following spinal cord injury (SCI) under the assumption that if the residual corticospinal circuits could be stimulated appropriately, the changes might be accompanied by functional recovery or an improvement in spasticity. This review summarizes the literature on the changes induced by NIBS in the motor and functional recovery and spasticity control of the upper and lower extremities following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Gunduz
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - John Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joan Vidal
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona-Barcelona; Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hatice Kumru
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona-Barcelona; Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Marsili L, Suppa A, Di Stasio F, Belvisi D, Upadhyay N, Berardelli I, Pasquini M, Petrucci S, Ginevrino M, Fabbrini G, Cardona F, Defazio G, Berardelli A. BDNF and LTP-/LTD-like plasticity of the primary motor cortex in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Exp Brain Res 2016; 235:841-850. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Nakamura K, Groiss SJ, Hamada M, Enomoto H, Kadowaki S, Abe M, Murakami T, Wiratman W, Chang F, Kobayashi S, Hanajima R, Terao Y, Ugawa Y. Variability in Response to Quadripulse Stimulation of the Motor Cortex. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:859-866. [PMID: 27692928 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responses to plasticity-inducing brain stimulation protocols are highly variable. However, no data are available concerning the variability of responses to quadripulse stimulation (QPS). OBJECTIVE We assessed the QPS parameters of motor cortical plasticity induction in a systematic manner, and later investigated the variability of QPS using optimal parameters. METHODS First, two different interburst intervals (IBI) with the same total number of pulses were compared. Next we investigated three different IBIs with a different total number of pulses but with same duration of intervention. We also compared the after-effects of monophasic and biphasic QPS. Finally, variability of QPS was tested in 35 healthy subjects. Twenty motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured every 5-10 min for up to one hour after intervention. RESULTS QPS at an IBI of 5 s produced MEPs changes that are dependent on the interstimulus interval of the four magnetic pulses, consistent with previous reports. Unexpectedly, QPS at an IBI of 2.5 s did not induce any plasticity, even with the same total number of pulses, that is, 1440. QPS at an IBI of 7.5 s produced a variable response but was likely to be comparable to conventional QPS. Biphasic QPS had shorter lasting after-effects compared with monophasic QPS. Finally, the after-effects of QPS were relatively consistent across subjects: more than 80% of subjects responded as expected in the excitatory QPS at an IBI of 5 s. CONCLUSIONS The IBI, total duration of the procedure and pulse waveform strongly affected the magnitude or duration of the plasticity induced by QPS. In this cohort, 80% of subjects responded to excitatory QPS as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Stefan Jun Groiss
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Psychology Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masashi Hamada
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Enomoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Suguru Kadowaki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsunari Abe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takenobu Murakami
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Winnugroho Wiratman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fangyu Chang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanajima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University.
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Chung SW, Hill AT, Rogasch NC, Hoy KE, Fitzgerald PB. Use of theta-burst stimulation in changing excitability of motor cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 63:43-64. [PMID: 26850210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate cortical activity in humans. In particular, theta burst stimulation (TBS) has gained notable attention due to its ability to induce lasting physiological changes after short stimulation durations. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive meta-analytic review of the efficacy of two TBS paradigms; intermittent (iTBS) and continuous (cTBS), on corticospinal excitability in healthy individuals. Literature searches yielded a total of 87 studies adhering to the inclusion criteria. iTBS yielded moderately large MEP increases lasting up to 30 min with a pooled SMD of 0.71 (p<0.00001). cTBS produced a reduction in MEP amplitudes lasting up to 60 min, with the largest effect size seen at 5 min post stimulation (SMD=-0.9, P<0.00001). The collected studies were of heterogeneous nature, and a series of tests conducted indicated a degree of publication bias. No significant change in SICI and ICF was observed, with exception to decrease in SICI with cTBS at the early time point (SMD=0.42, P=0.00036). The results also highlight several factors contributing to TBS efficacy, including the number of pulses, frequency of stimulation and BDNF polymorphisms. Further research investigating optimal TBS stimulation parameters, particularly for iTBS, is needed in order for these paradigms to be successfully translated into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Chung
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Aron T Hill
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Huang YZ. What do we learn from the influence of motor activities on the after-effect of non-invasive brain stimulation? Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1011-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Simeoni S, Hannah R, Sato D, Kawakami M, Rothwell J, Simeoni S, Gigli GL, Sato D, Kawakami M. Effects of Quadripulse Stimulation on Human Motor Cortex Excitability: A Replication Study. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:148-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Alexeeva N, Calancie B. Efficacy of QuadroPulse rTMS for improving motor function after spinal cord injury: Three case studies. J Spinal Cord Med 2016; 39:50-7. [PMID: 25437531 PMCID: PMC4725792 DOI: 10.1179/2045772314y.0000000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of repetitive QuadroPulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS(QP)) on hand/leg function after spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Interventional proof-of-concept study. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Three adult subjects with cervical SCI. Interventions Repeated trains of magnetic stimuli were applied to the motor cortical hand/leg area. Several exploratory single-day rTMS(QP) protocols were examined. Ultimately we settled on a protocol using three 5-day trials of (1) rTMS(QP) only; (2) exercise only (targeting hand or leg function); and (3) rTMS(QP) combined with exercise. OUTCOME MEASURES Hand motor function was assessed by Purdue Pegboard and Complete Minnesota Dexterity tests. Walking function was based on treadmill walking and the Timed Up and Go test. Electromyographic recordings were used for neurophysiological testing of cortical (by single- and double-pulse TMS) and spinal (via tendon taps and electrical nerve stimulation) excitability. RESULTS Single-day rTMS(QP) application had no clear effect in the 2 subjects whose hand function was targeted, but improved walking speed in the person targeted for walking, accompanied by increased cortical excitability and reduced spinal excitability. All 3 subjects showed functional improvement following the 5-day rTMS(QP) intervention, an effect being even more pronounced after the five-day combined rTMS(QP) + exercise sessions. There were no rTMS(QP)-associated adverse effects. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a functional benefit of motor cortical rTMS(QP) after SCI. The effect of rTMS(QP) appears to be augmented when stimulation is accompanied by targeted exercises, warranting expansion of this pilot study to a larger subject population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blair Calancie
- Correspondence to: Blair Calancie, Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St, IHP #1213, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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20
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Kadowaki S, Enomoto H, Murakami T, Nakatani-Enomoto S, Kobayashi S, Ugawa Y. Influence of phasic muscle contraction upon the quadripulse stimulation (QPS) aftereffects. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:1568-1573. [PMID: 26702773 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contractions of the target muscle influence the aftereffects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The aim of this paper is to investigate whether or not voluntary hand movement influences the aftereffects of quadripulse stimulation (QPS) on the hand motor area. METHODS Thirteen healthy volunteers participated in this study. After QPS-5 or QPS-50 intervention over the motor hot spot for the right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI), the subjects performed voluntary motor tasks (opening-closing right hand movements at 1 Hz for 1 min). We compared the time courses of MEP size between the conditions with and without voluntary movement. RESULTS When the subjects moved their hands immediately after QPS, both QPS-5 and QPS-50 aftereffects were abolished. However, if they moved their hands at 20 min after QPS, the long-term aftereffects were preserved. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary hand movement applied after intervention influences QPS aftereffects, but the magnitude of the influence depends on the delay between QPS and the voluntary movement. SIGNIFICANCE In the plasticity induction experiments, we should always be mindful of the fact that voluntary movement, including the target muscle, seriously influences the induced long-term effects of QPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Kadowaki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Enomoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takenobu Murakami
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Setsu Nakatani-Enomoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Klöppel S, Lauer E, Peter J, Minkova L, Nissen C, Normann C, Reis J, Mainberger F, Bach M, Lahr J. LTP-like plasticity in the visual system and in the motor system appear related in young and healthy subjects. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:506. [PMID: 26441603 PMCID: PMC4585301 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
LTP-like plasticity measured by visual evoked potentials (VEP) can be induced in the intact human brain by presenting checkerboard reversals. Also associated with LTP-like plasticity, around two third of participants respond to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a paired-associate stimulation (PAS) protocol with a potentiation of their motor evoked potentials. LTP-like processes are also required for verbal and motor learning tasks. We compared effect sizes, responder rates and intercorrelations as well as the potential influence of attention between these four assessments in a group of 37 young and healthy volunteers. We observed a potentiation effect of the N75 and P100 VEP component which positively correlated with plasticity induced by PAS. Subjects with a better subjective alertness were more likely to show PAS and VEP potentiation. No correlation was found between the other assessments. Effect sizes and responder rates of VEP potentiation were higher compared to PAS. Our results indicate a high variability of LTP-like effects and no evidence for a system-specific nature. As a consequence, studies wishing to assess individual levels of LTP-like plasticity should employ a combination of multiple assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Klöppel
- Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eliza Lauer
- Department of Neurology, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Peter
- Department of Neurology, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lora Minkova
- Department of Neurology, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus Normann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Reis
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Mainberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Pediatrics, Kinderzentrum München gGmbH, Technical University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Bach
- Eye Center, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jacob Lahr
- Department of Neurology, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Hwang JM, Kim YH, Yoon KJ, Uhm KE, Chang WH. Different responses to facilitatory rTMS according to BDNF genotype. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:1348-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Further insights into the effect of BDNF genotype on non-invasive brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:1281-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Effects of rTMS of pre-supplementary motor area on fronto basal ganglia network activity during stop-signal task. J Neurosci 2015; 35:4813-23. [PMID: 25810512 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3761-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stop-signal task (SST) has been a key paradigm for probing human brain mechanisms underlying response inhibition, and the inhibition observed in SST is now considered to largely depend on a fronto basal ganglia network consisting mainly of right inferior frontal cortex, pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), and basal ganglia, including subthalamic nucleus, striatum (STR), and globus pallidus pars interna (GPi). However, causal relationships between these frontal regions and basal ganglia are not fully understood in humans. Here, we partly examined these causal links by measuring human fMRI activity during SST before and after excitatory/inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of pre-SMA. We first confirmed that the behavioral performance of SST was improved by excitatory rTMS and impaired by inhibitory rTMS. Afterward, we found that these behavioral changes were well predicted by rTMS-induced modulation of brain activity in pre-SMA, STR, and GPi during SST. Moreover, by examining the effects of the rTMS on resting-state functional connectivity between these three regions, we showed that the magnetic stimulation of pre-SMA significantly affected intrinsic connectivity between pre-SMA and STR, and between STR and GPi. Furthermore, the magnitudes of changes in resting-state connectivity were also correlated with the behavioral changes seen in SST. These results suggest a causal relationship between pre-SMA and GPi via STR during response inhibition, and add direct evidence that the fronto basal ganglia network for response inhibition consists of multiple top-down regulation pathways in humans.
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25
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Differential effects of BDNF val(66)met in repetitive associative learning paradigms. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 123:11-7. [PMID: 25933507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In healthy young subjects, the brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) val(66)met polymorphism negatively affects behavioural outcome in short-term motor cortex or hippocampus-based learning paradigms. In repetitive training paradigms over several days this effect can be overcome, in tests involving other brain areas even positive effects were found. To further specify the role of this polymorphism in cognitive processes, we used an associative vocabulary learning paradigm over four consecutive days and tested 38 young healthy subjects and 29 healthy elderly subjects. As a control paradigm, we designed a nonverbal haptic Braille letter-learning paradigm based on the same principles. Behavioural outcome was then associated with the BDNF-genotype. In the vocabulary learning task, met carrier (met/val and met/met) benefitted more from the repetitive training than val/val subjects. This was paralleled by a higher reduction of delayed answers during the course of the study, an effect that was also present in the haptic paradigm. However, in a group of healthy elderly subjects, no similar tendency was found. We conclude that the BDNF val(66)met polymorphism alters highly circumscribed answer behaviours in young healthy subjects. This might partly explain the high variability of previously published results.
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26
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Lamb YN, McKay NS, Thompson CS, Hamm JP, Waldie KE, Kirk IJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism, human memory, and synaptic neuroplasticity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2014; 6:97-108. [PMID: 26263066 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some people have much better memory than others, and there is compelling evidence that a considerable proportion of this variation in memory ability is genetically inherited. A form of synaptic plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) is the principal candidate mechanism underlying memory formation in neural circuits, and it might be expected, therefore, that a genetic influence on the degree of LTP might in turn influence memory abilities. Of the genetic variations thought to significantly influence mnemonic ability in humans, the most likely to have its effect via LTP is a single nucleotide polymorphism affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF (Val66Met)]. However, although it is likely that BDNF influences memory via a modulation of acute plasticity (i.e., LTP), BDNF also has considerable influence on structural development of neural systems. Thus, the influence of BDNF (Val66Met) on mnemonic performance via influences of brain structure as well as function must also be considered. In this brief review, we will describe the phenomenon of LTP and its study in non-human animals. We will discuss the relatively recent attempts to translate this work to studies in humans. We will describe how this has enabled investigation of the effect of the BDNF polymorphism on LTP, on brain structure, and on memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette N Lamb
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole S McKay
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jeffrey P Hamm
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J Kirk
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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Comparing the efficacy of excitatory transcranial stimulation methods measuring motor evoked potentials. Neural Plast 2014; 2014:837141. [PMID: 24804104 PMCID: PMC3997131 DOI: 10.1155/2014/837141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The common aim of transcranial stimulation methods is the induction or alterations of cortical excitability in a controlled way. Significant effects of each individual stimulation method have been published; however, conclusive direct comparisons of many of these methods are rare. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of three widely applied stimulation methods inducing excitability enhancement in the motor cortex: 1 mA anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS), intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), and 1 mA transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) within one subject group. The effect of each stimulation condition was quantified by evaluating motor-evoked-potential amplitudes (MEPs) in a fixed time sequence after stimulation. The analyses confirmed a significant enhancement of the M1 excitability caused by all three types of active stimulations compared to sham stimulation. There was no significant difference between the types of active stimulations, although the time course of the excitatory effects slightly differed. Among the stimulation methods, tRNS resulted in the strongest and atDCS significantly longest MEP increase compared to sham. Different time courses of the applied stimulation methods suggest different underlying mechanisms of action. Better understanding may be useful for better targeting of different transcranial stimulation techniques.
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28
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Chaieb L, Antal A, Ambrus GG, Paulus W. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: its impact upon neuroplasticity and neuroplasticity inducing transcranial brain stimulation protocols. Neurogenetics 2014; 15:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Tsutsumi R, Hanajima R, Terao Y, Shirota Y, Ohminami S, Shimizu T, Tanaka N, Ugawa Y. Effects of the motor cortical quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) on the contralateral motor cortex and interhemispheric interactions. J Neurophysiol 2014; 111:26-35. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00515.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus callosum connects the bilateral primary motor cortices (M1s) and plays an important role in motor control. Using the paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm, we can measure interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) and interhemispheric facilitation (IHF) as indexes of the interhemispheric interactions in humans. We investigated how quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS), one form of repetitive TMS (rTMS), on M1 affects the contralateral M1 and the interhemispheric interactions. QPS is able to induce bidirectional plastic changes in M1 depending on the interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of TMS pulses: long-term potentiation (LTP)-like effect by QPS-5 protocol, and long-term depression-like effect by QPS-50, whose numbers indicate the ISI (ms). Twelve healthy subjects were enrolled. We applied QPS over the left M1 and recorded several parameters before and 30 min after QPS. QPS-5, which increased motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by left M1 activation, also increased MEPs induced by right M1 activation. Meanwhile, QPS-50, which decreased MEPs elicited by left M1 activation, did not induce any significant changes in MEPs elicited by right M1 activation. None of the resting motor threshold, active motor threshold, short-interval intracortical inhibition, long-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and short-interval intracortical inhibition in right M1 were affected by QPS. IHI and IHF from left to right M1 significantly increased after left M1 QPS-5. The degree of left first dorsal interosseous MEP amplitude change by QPS-5 significantly correlated with the degree of IHF change. We suppose that the LTP-like effect on the contralateral M1 may be produced by some interhemispheric interactions through the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Ritsuko Hanajima
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yuichiro Shirota
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Shinya Ohminami
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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30
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Lamy JC, Boakye M. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism alters spinal DC stimulation-induced plasticity in humans. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:109-16. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00116.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) is one of many genes thought to influence neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the BDNF gene due to valine-to-methionine substitution at codon 66 (BDNF Val66Met) in the normal population has been associated with complex neuronal phenotype, including differences in brain morphology, episodic memory, or cortical plasticity following brain stimulation and is believed to influence synaptic changes following motor learning task. However, the effect of this polymorphism on spinal plasticity remains largely unknown. Here, we used anodal transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS), a novel noninvasive technique that induces plasticity of spinal neuronal circuits in healthy subjects. To investigate whether the susceptibility of tsDCS probes of spinal plasticity is significantly influenced by BDNF polymorphism, we collected stimulus-response curves of the soleus (Sol) H reflex before, during, at current offset, and 15 min after anodal tsDCS delivered at Th11 (2.5 mA, 15 min, 0.071 mA/cm2, and 64 mC/cm2) in 17 healthy, Met allele carriers and 17 Val homozygotes who were matched for age and sex. Anodal tsDCS induced a progressive leftward shift of recruitment curve of the H reflex during the stimulation that persisted for at least 15 min after current offset in Val/Val individuals. In contrast, this shift was not observed in Met allele carriers. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the BDNF Val66Met genotype impacts spinal plasticity in humans, as assessed by tsDCS, and may be one factor influencing the natural response of the spinal cord to injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Lamy
- Centre de la Sensorimotricité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8194, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biomédicale, Paris, France
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Center for Advanced Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Maxwell Boakye
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Center for Advanced Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
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31
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Furubayashi T, Mochizuki H, Terao Y, Arai N, Hanajima R, Hamada M, Matsumoto H, Nakatani-Enomoto S, Okabe S, Yugeta A, Inomata-Terada S, Ugawa Y. Cortical hemoglobin concentration changes underneath the coil after single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Neurophysiol 2013; 109:1626-37. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00980.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multichannel probes, we studied hemoglobin (Hb) concentration changes when single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the left hemisphere primary motor cortex (M1). Seventeen measurement probes were centered over left M1. Subjects were studied in both active and relaxed conditions, with TMS intensity set at 100%, 120%, and 140% of the active motor threshold. The magnetic coils were placed so as to induce anteromedially directed currents in the brain. Hb concentration changes were more prominent at channels over M1 and posterior to it. Importantly, Hb concentration changes at M1 after TMS differed depending on whether the target muscle was in an active or relaxed condition. In the relaxed condition, Hb concentration increased up to 3–6 s after TMS, peaking at ∼6 s, and returned to the baseline. In the active condition, a smaller increase in Hb concentrations continued up to 3–6 s after TMS (early activation), followed by a decrease in Hb concentration from 9 to 12 s after TMS (delayed deactivation). Hb concentration changes in the active condition at higher stimulus intensities were more pronounced at locations posterior to M1 than at M1. We conclude that early activation occurs when M1 is activated transsynaptically. The relatively late deactivation may result from the prolonged inhibition of the cerebral cortex after activation. The posterior-dominant activation at higher intensities in the active condition may result from an additional activation of the sensory cortex due to afferent inputs from muscle contraction evoked by the TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Furubayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Arai
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanajima
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Hamada
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hideyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Setsu Nakatani-Enomoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shingo Okabe
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yugeta
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Inomata-Terada
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- JST, Research Seeds Program, Fukushima, Japan
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McDonnell MN, Buckley JD, Opie GM, Ridding MC, Semmler JG. A single bout of aerobic exercise promotes motor cortical neuroplasticity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:1174-82. [PMID: 23493367 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01378.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity is associated with enhanced plasticity in the motor cortex, but the effect of a single session of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare corticospinal excitability and plasticity in the upper limb cortical representation following a single session of lower limb cycling at either low or moderate intensity, or a control condition. We recruited 25 healthy adults to take part in three experimental sessions. Cortical excitability was examined using transcranial magnetic stimulation to elicit motor-evoked potentials in the right first dorsal interosseus muscle. Levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cortisol were assessed throughout the experiments. Following baseline testing, participants cycled on a stationary bike at a workload equivalent to 57% (low intensity, 30 min) or 77% age-predicted maximal heart rate (moderate intensity, 15 min), or a seated control condition. Neuroplasticity within the primary motor cortex was then examined using a continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) paradigm. We found that exercise did not alter cortical excitability. Following cTBS, there was a transient inhibition of first dorsal interosseus motor-evoked potentials during control and low-intensity conditions, but this was only significantly different following the low-intensity state. Moderate-intensity exercise alone increased serum cortisol levels, but brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels did not increase across any condition. In summary, low-intensity cycling promoted the neuroplastic response to cTBS within the motor cortex of healthy adults. These findings suggest that light exercise has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of motor learning or recovery following brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N McDonnell
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Mastroeni C, Bergmann TO, Rizzo V, Ritter C, Klein C, Pohlmann I, Brueggemann N, Quartarone A, Siebner HR. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor--a major player in stimulation-induced homeostatic metaplasticity of human motor cortex? PLoS One 2013; 8:e57957. [PMID: 23469118 PMCID: PMC3585283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the human motor hand area (M1HAND) can induce lasting changes in corticospinal excitability as indexed by a change in amplitude of the motor-evoked potential. The plasticity-inducing effects of rTMS in M1HAND show substantial inter-individual variability which has been partially attributed to the val66met polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Here we used theta burst stimulation (TBS) to examine whether the BDNF val66met genotype can be used to predict the expression of TBS-induced homeostatic metaplasticity in human M1HAND. TBS is a patterned rTMS protocol with intermittent TBS (iTBS) usually inducing a lasting increase and continuous TBS (cTBS) a lasting decrease in corticospinal excitability. In three separate sessions, healthy val66met (n = 12) and val66val (n = 17) carriers received neuronavigated cTBS followed by cTBS (n = 27), cTBS followed by iTBS (n = 29), and iTBS followed by iTBS (n = 28). Participants and examiner were blinded to the genotype at the time of examination. As expected, the first TBS intervention induced a decrease (cTBS) and increase (iTBS) in corticospinal excitability, respectively, at the same time priming the after effects caused by the second TBS intervention in a homeostatic fashion. Critically, val66met carriers and val66val carriers showed very similar response patterns to cTBS and iTBS regardless of the order of TBS interventions. Since none of the observed TBS effects was modulated by the BDNF val66met polymorphism, our results do not support the notion that the BDNF val66met genotype is a major player with regard to TBS-induced plasticity and metaplasticity in the human M1HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mastroeni
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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The BDNF val(66)met polymorphism is not related to motor function or short-term cortical plasticity in elderly subjects. Brain Res 2012; 1495:1-10. [PMID: 23247064 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val(66)met polymorphism affects function of the motor system in young subjects, but little is known about motor system effects in the elderly. The current study assessed motor system physiology and behavior, plus a measure of short-term motor cortex plasticity using transcranial magnetic stimulation, in 38 elderly subjects, then examined whether findings varied in relation to BDNF genotype. Baseline data were also collected from 14 young subjects. At baseline, elderly subjects had poorer motor performances, larger motor cortex maps, and smaller motor evoked potentials compared to young subjects. Degree of age-related differences in neurophysiology correlated inversely with motor performance, for example, larger map area correlated with weaker pinch grip force (r=-0.42, P=0.01). In elderly subjects, baseline behavior and neurophysiology did not differ in relation to BDNF genotype. In addition, although map area increased significantly (P=0.03) across 30 min of exercise, this change did not vary according to BDNF genotype. Aging is associated with changes in neurophysiology that might represent a compensatory response. The data do not support an association between BDNF genotype and behavior, neurophysiology, or short-term cortical plasticity in the motor system of healthy elderly subjects.
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35
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Freundlieb N, Philipp S, Schneider SA, Brüggemann N, Klein C, Gerloff C, Hummel FC. No association of the BDNF val66met polymorphism with implicit associative vocabulary and motor learning. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48327. [PMID: 23152767 PMCID: PMC3496723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to play a major role in plasticity, neurogenesis and learning in the adult brain. The BDNF gene contains a common val66met polymorphism associated with decreased activity-dependent excretion of BDNF and a potential influence on behaviour, more specifically, on motor learning. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the BDNF val66met polymorphism on short-term implicit associative learning and whether its influence is cognitive domain-specific (motor vs. language). A sample of 38 young healthy participants was genotyped, screened for background and neuropsychological differences, and tested with two associative implicit learning paradigms in two different cognitive domains, i.e., motor and vocabulary learning. Subjects performed the serial reaction time task (SRTT) to determine implicit motor learning and a recently established associative vocabulary learning task (AVL) for implicit learning of action and object words. To determine the influence of the BDNF polymorphism on domain-specific implicit learning, behavioural improvements in the two tasks were compared between val/val (n = 22) and met carriers (val/met: n = 15 and met/met: n = 1). There was no evidence for an impact of the BDNF val66met polymorphism on the behavioural outcome in implicit short-term learning paradigms in young healthy subjects. Whether this polymorphism plays a relevant role in long-term training paradigms or in subjects with impaired neuronal plasticity or reduced learning capacity, such as aged individuals, demented patients or patients with brain lesions, has to be determined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Freundlieb
- Brain Imaging and Neurostimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Philipp
- Brain Imaging and Neurostimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne A. Schneider
- Schilling Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Schilling Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Schilling Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Brain Imaging and Neurostimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm C. Hummel
- Brain Imaging and Neurostimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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36
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37
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Cirillo J, Hughes J, Ridding M, Thomas PQ, Semmler JG. Differential modulation of motor cortex excitability in BDNF Met allele carriers following experimentally induced and use-dependent plasticity. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:2640-9. [PMID: 22694150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate how healthy young subjects with one of three variants of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene modulate motor cortex excitability following experimentally induced and use-dependent plasticity interventions. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle of 12 Val/Val, ten Val/Met and seven Met/Met genotypes (aged 18-39 years). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left hemisphere was used to assess changes in FDI motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) following three separate interventions involving paired associative stimulation, a simple ballistic task and complex visuomotor tracking task using the index finger. Val/Val subjects increased FDI MEPs following all interventions (≥ 25%, P < 0.01), whereas the Met allele carriers only showed increased MEPs after the simple motor task (≥ 26%, P < 0.01). In contrast to the simple motor task, there was no significant change in MEPs for the Val/Met subjects (7%, P = 0.50) and a reduction in MEPs for the Met/Met group (-38%, P < 0.01) following the complex motor task. Despite these differences in use-dependent plasticity, the performance of both motor tasks was not different between BDNF genotypes. We conclude that modulation of motor cortex excitability is strongly influenced by the BDNF polymorphism, with the greatest differences observed for the complex motor task. We also found unique motor cortex plasticity in the rarest form of the BDNF polymorphism (Met/Met subjects), which may have implications for functional recovery after disease or injury to the nervous system in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cirillo
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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38
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Hamada M, Murase N, Hasan A, Balaratnam M, Rothwell JC. The Role of Interneuron Networks in Driving Human Motor Cortical Plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:1593-605. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Interaction of BDNF and COMT polymorphisms on paired-associative stimulation-induced cortical plasticity. J Neurosci 2012; 32:4553-61. [PMID: 22457502 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6010-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) valine-to-methionine substitution at codon 66 (Val66Met) has been associated with differences in memory functions and cortical plasticity following brain stimulation. Other studies could not confirm these results, though, and potential interactions of BDNF carrier status with other learning-relevant SNPs are largely unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of BDNF Val66Met genotype on paired associative stimulation (PAS)-induced motor cortex plasticity, while additionally taking catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met and kidney and brain (KIBRA) rs17070145 carrier status into account. Therefore, a cohort of 2 × 16 age- and education-matched healthy young females underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation using an excitatory PAS(25) protocol to induce cortical plasticity. Cognitive performance was assessed using implicit grammar- and motor-learning tasks and a detailed neuropsychological test battery. While BDNF carrier status alone did not significantly influence PAS-induced cortical plasticity, we found a significant BDNF × COMT interaction, showing higher plasticity immediately following the PAS(25) protocol for the BDNF Val/Val vs Met genotype in COMT Met homozygotes only (ANOVA, p = 0.027). A similar advantage for this group was noted for implicit grammar learning (ANOVA, p = 0.021). Accounting for KIBRA rs17070145 did not explain significant variance. Our findings for the first time demonstrate an interaction of BDNF by COMT on human cortical plasticity. Moreover, they show that genotype-related differences in neurophysiology translate into behavioral differences. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of interindividual differences in cognition.
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Li Voti P, Conte A, Suppa A, Iezzi E, Bologna M, Aniello MS, Defazio G, Rothwell JC, Berardelli A. Correlation between cortical plasticity, motor learning and BDNF genotype in healthy subjects. Exp Brain Res 2011; 212:91-9. [PMID: 21537966 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is good evidence that synaptic plasticity in human motor cortex is involved in behavioural motor learning; in addition, it is now possible to probe mechanisms of synaptic plasticity using a variety of transcranial brain-stimulation protocols. Interactions between these protocols suggest that they both utilise common mechanisms. The aim of the present experiments was to test how well responsiveness to brain-stimulation protocols and behavioural motor learning correlate with each other in a sample of 21 healthy volunteers. We also examined whether any of these measures were influenced by the presence of a Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene since this is another factor that has been suggested to be able to predict response to tests of synaptic plasticity. In 3 different experimental sessions, volunteers underwent 5-Hz rTMS, intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and a motor learning task. Blood samples were collected from each subject for BDNF genotyping. As expected, both 5-Hz rTMS and iTBS significantly facilitated MEPs. Similarly, as expected, kinematic variables of finger movement significantly improved during the motor learning task. Although there was a significant correlation between the effect of iTBS and 5-Hz rTMS, there was no relationship in each subject between the amount of TMS-induced plasticity and the increase in kinematic variables during motor learning. Val66Val and Val66Met carriers did not differ in their response to any of the protocols. The present results emphasise that although some TMS measures of cortical plasticity may correlate with each other, they may not always relate directly to measures of behavioural learning. Similarly, presence of the Val66Met BDNF polymorphism also does not reliably predict responsiveness in small groups of individuals. Individual success in behavioural learning is unlikely to be closely related to any single measure of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li Voti
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Paulus W. Transcranial stimulation techniques: which genetics is the best for which purpose? J Physiol 2011; 589:1245. [PMID: 21486851 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.206680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital G¨ottingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen.
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