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Volyanskaya AR, Akberdin IR, Kulyashov MA, Yevshin IS, Romanov MN, Shagimardanova EI, Gusev OA, Kolpakov FA. A bird's-eye overview of molecular mechanisms regulating feed intake in chickens-with mammalian comparisons. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:61-74. [PMID: 38737579 PMCID: PMC11087724 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, a lot of research has been conducted to explore poultry feeding behavior. However, up to now, the processes behind poultry feeding behavior remain poorly understood. The review generalizes modern expertise about the hormonal regulation of feeding behavior in chickens, focusing on signaling pathways mediated by insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and regulatory pathways with a cross-reference to mammals. This overview also summarizes state-of-the-art research devoted to hypothalamic neuropeptides that control feed intake and are prime candidates for predictors of feeding efficiency. Comparative analysis of the signaling pathways that mediate the feed intake regulation allowed us to conclude that there are major differences in the processes by which hormones influence specific neuropeptides and their contrasting roles in feed intake control between two vertebrate clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia R. Volyanskaya
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya R. Akberdin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Kulyashov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Yevshin
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Elena I. Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement By Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
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2
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Gence L, Fernezelian D, Meilhac O, Rastegar S, Bascands JL, Diotel N. Insulin signaling promotes neurogenesis in the brain of adult zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1812-1827. [PMID: 37750011 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone that plays a central role in the regulation of circulating blood glucose in vertebrates, including zebrafish. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the important role of insulin in many brain functions. In zebrafish, two insulin receptor genes (insra and insrb) have been identified. However, their biodistribution in the adult brain as well as their cell-specific expression pattern has not been well described. Using gene expression analysis, in situ hybridization and transgenic fish, we confirmed the expression of insra, insrb, and irs1 (insulin receptor substrate 1, the downstream effector of insulin receptor) in the brain of adult zebrafish and characterized their specific expression in neurons and neural stem cells (radial glia). After demonstrating that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection resulted in the diffusion of the injected solution within the ventricular system, we analyzed the effect of insulin ICV injection on neurogenesis. We showed that insulin promotes ventricular cell proliferation 24 h postinjection. This neurogenic effect appeared to be independent of neuroinflammatory processes. Also, after a mechanical telencephalic stab-wound injury, we highlighted the overexpression of irs1 gene 5 days postlesion notably in the ventricular zone where radial glial cells (RGCs) are localized, suggesting key roles of insulin signaling in regenerative processes. Finally, our results reinforced the expression of insulin-related proteins in the brain of adult zebrafish, highlighting the potential role of insulin signaling on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Danielle Fernezelian
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
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3
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Ahmed SR, Liu E, Yip A, Lin Y, Balaban E, Pompeiano M. Novel localizations of TRPC5 channels suggest novel and unexplored roles: A study in the chick embryo brain. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 82:41-63. [PMID: 34705331 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian TRPC5 channels are predominantly expressed in the brain, where they increase intracellular Ca2+ and induce depolarization. Because they augment presynaptic vesicle release, cause persistent neural activity, and show constitutive activity, TRPC5s could play a functional role in late developmental brain events. We used immunohistochemistry to examine TRPC5 in the chick embryo brain between 8 and 20 days of incubation, and provide the first detailed description of their distribution in birds and in the whole brain of any animal species. Stained areas substantially increased between E8 and E16, and staining intensity in many areas peaked at E16, a time when chick brains first show organized patterns of whole-brain metabolic activation like what is seen consistently after hatching. Areas showing cell soma staining match areas showing Trpc5 mRNA or protein in adult rodents (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellar Purkinje cells). Chick embryos show protein staining in the optic tectum, cerebellar nuclei, and several brainstem nuclei; equivalent areas in the Allen Institute mouse maps express Trpc5 mRNA. The strongest cell soma staining was found in a dorsal hypothalamic area (matching a group of parvicellular arginine vasotocin neurons and a pallial amygdalohypothalamic cell corridor) and the vagal motor complex. Purkinje cells showed strong dendritic staining at E20. Unexpectedly, we also describe neurite staining in the septum, several hypothalamic nuclei, and a paramedian raphe area; the strongest neurite staining was in the median eminence. These novel localizations suggest new unexplored TRPC5 functions, and possible roles in late embryonic brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifuddin Rifat Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elise Liu
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute du Cerveau - ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alissa Yip
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Evan Balaban
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Carlo III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, Madrid, E-28911, Spain
| | - Maria Pompeiano
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Carlo III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, Madrid, E-28911, Spain
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4
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Honda K. Peripheral regulation of food intake in chickens: adiposity signals, satiety signals and others. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1898296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Shiraishi JI, Yanagita K, Tanizawa H, Bungo T. Glycyl-l-glutamine attenuates NPY-induced hyperphagia via the melanocortin system. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135303. [PMID: 32800923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether glycyl-l-glutamine (Gly-Gln; β-endorphin (30-31)), a non-opioid peptide derived from β-endorphin processing, modulates neuropeptide Y (NPY)-induced feeding and hypothalamic mRNA expression of peptide hormones in male broiler chicks. Intracerebroventricular injection of NPY (235 pmol) generated a hyperphagic response in ad libitum chicks within 30 min. Co-administration of Gly-Gln (100 nmol) attenuated this response, inducing a 30 % decrease. This was not attributable to Gly-Gln hydrolysis because co-administration of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) had no effect on NPY-induced hyperphagia. Gly-Gln injected alone also showed no effect. The hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the co-injection group was significantly higher than that in the NPY alone group. These data indicate that endogenous Gly-Gln may contribute to regulate feeding behavior via the central melanocortin system in chicks and acts as a counter regulator of the neural activity in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biochemistry, Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanizawa
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
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6
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Fu L, Jiang Y, Wang C, Mei M, Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Song H, Ding X. A Genome-Wide Association Study on Feed Efficiency Related Traits in Landrace Pigs. Front Genet 2020; 11:692. [PMID: 32719719 PMCID: PMC7350416 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) traits in pigs are of utmost economic importance. Genetic improvement of FE related traits in pigs might significantly reduce production cost and energy consumption. Hence, our study aimed at identifying SNPs and candidate genes associated with FE related traits, including feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and residual feed intake (RFI). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for the four FE related traits in 296 Landrace pigs genotyped with PorcineSNP50 BeadChip. Two different single-trait methods, single SNP linear model GWAS (LM-GWAS) and single-step GWAS (ssGWAS), were implemented. Our results showed that the two methods showed high consistency with respect to SNP identification. A total of 32 common significant SNPs associated with the four FE related traits were identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed eight common QTL regions, of which three QTL regions related to ADFI and RFI traits were overlapped. Gene ontology analysis revealed six common candidate genes (PRELID2, GPER1, PDX1, TEX2, PLCL2, ICAM2) relevant for the four FE related traits. These genes are involved in the processes of fat synthesis and decomposition, lipid transport process, insulin metabolism, among others. Our results provide, new insights into the genetic mechanisms and candidate function genes of FE related traits in pigs. However, further investigations to validate these results are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Mengran Mei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailiang Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Central administration of insulin and refeeding lead to the phosphorylation of AKT, but not FOXO1, in the hypothalamus of broiler chicks. Physiol Behav 2019; 210:112644. [PMID: 31398442 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies in rodents and layer chickens have demonstrated that insulin upregulates hypothalamic AKT-mediated signaling and expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC, the precursor of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, an anorexigenic peptide) and suppresses appetite in these animals. However, a previous study has also reported that insulin fails to suppress food intake in broiler chicks. In the present study, no significant differences were observed in hypothalamic AKT and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) phosphorylation levels between broiler and layer chicks. The phosphorylation rate of AKT, but not that of FOXO1, increased in the hypothalami of broilers refed for 1 h after a 24-h fast, with a corresponding increase in plasma insulin concentration. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 50 pmol insulin, which could decrease food intake in broiler chicks, significantly increased the AKT phosphorylation rate, whereas no significant change was observed in FOXO1 phosphorylation or POMC expression after ICV insulin administration. These findings suggest that hypothalamic AKT responds to insulin in broiler chicks, but FOXO1-mediated regulation of POMC expression is not induced by insulin, which may be one of the causes of excessive food intake in broiler chickens.
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8
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Yacawych WT, Palmer AL, Doczi MA. Insulin receptor localization in the embryonic avian hypothalamus. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:126-132. [PMID: 30615976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a brain region critical for the homeostatic regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. Hypothalamic neuronal activity that is altered during development can produce permanent physiological changes later in life. For example, circulating hormones such as insulin have been shown to influence hypothalamic neuronal projections, leading to altered metabolism in adult rodents. While insulin signaling in the post-hatch chicken has been shown to mirror that of mammals, the developmental role of insulin in the avian embryonic hypothalamus remains largely unexplored. Here we present the earliest known evidence for insulin receptor (InsR) expression in embryonic avian hypothalamic nuclei governing energy homeostasis. RT-PCR analysis reveals InsR mRNA in E8, E10, and E12 neurons while western blot data demonstrate protein expression in E12 avian whole brain and hypothalamic lysates. Immunohistochemical analysis of avian hypothalamic brain slices demonstrates a shift in InsR localization from paraventricular expression in E8 to a more defined concentration of InsR in developmental regions resembling the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) in E12 time points. In addition, InsR expression appears in a heterogeneous pattern, suggesting receptor localization to subpopulations of avian hypothalamic neurons as early as E8. With increasing evidence suggesting energy homeostasis pathways may be altered via the gestational environment, it is important to understand how insulin signaling may affect embryogenesis. Our research provides evidence for the earliest known embryonic expression of InsR protein in the avian hypothalamus and may suggest a developmental role for insulin signaling in the early patterning of metabolic pathways in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren T Yacawych
- Department of Biology, Norwich University, 158 Harmon Drive, Northfield, VT, 05663, USA
| | - Alexandra L Palmer
- Department of Biology, Norwich University, 158 Harmon Drive, Northfield, VT, 05663, USA
| | - Megan A Doczi
- Department of Biology, Norwich University, 158 Harmon Drive, Northfield, VT, 05663, USA.
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9
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Yousefvand S, Hamidi F, Zendehdel M, Parham A. Survey the Effect of Insulin on Modulating Feed Intake Via NPY Receptors in 5-Day-Old Chickens. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Yousefvand S, Hamidi F, Zendehdel M, Parham A. Hypophagic effects of insulin are mediated via NPY1/NPY2 receptors in broiler cockerels. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1301-1307. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a mediatory role in cerebral insulin function by maintaining energy balance. The current study was designed to determine the role of insulin in food intake and its interaction with NPY receptors in 8 experiments using broiler cockerels (4 treatment groups per experiment, except for experiment 8). Chicks received control solution or 2.5, 5, or 10 ng of insulin in experiment 1 and control solution or 1.25, 2.5, or 5 μg of receptor antagonists B5063, SF22, or SML0891 in experiments 2, 3, and 4 through intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, respectively. In experiments 5, 6, and 7, chicks received ICV injection of B5063, SF22, SML0891, or co-injection of an antagonist + insulin, control solution, and insulin. In experiment 8, blood glucose was measured. Insulin, B5063, and SML0891 decreased food intake, while SF22 led to an increase in food intake. The hypophagic effect of insulin was also reinforced by injection of B560, but ICV injection of SF22 destroyed this hypophagic effect of insulin and increased food intake (p < 0.05). However, SML0891 had no effect on decreased food intake induced by insulin (p > 0.05). At 30 min postinjection, blood sugar in the control group was higher than that in the insulin group (p < 0.05). Therefore, the NPY1 and NPY2 receptors mediate the hypophagic effect of insulin in broiler cockerels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiba Yousefvand
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshid Hamidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Parham
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Dupont J, Rideau N, Gespach C, Simon J, Porter TE. Insulin immuno-neutralization decreases food intake in chickens without altering hypothalamic transcripts involved in food intake and metabolism. Poult Sci 2018; 96:4409-4418. [PMID: 29053815 PMCID: PMC5850116 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, insulin regulates blood glucose levels and plays a key regulatory role in appetite via the hypothalamus. In contrast, chickens are characterized by atypical glucose homeostasis, with relatively high blood glucose levels, reduced glucose sensitivity of pancreatic beta cells, and large resistance to exogenous insulin. The aim of the present study was to investigate in chickens the effects of 5 h fasting and 5 h insulin immuno-neutralization on hypothalamic mRNA levels of 23 genes associated with food intake, energy balance, and glucose metabolism. We observed that insulin immune-neutralization by administration of anti-porcine insulin guinea pig serum (AI) significantly decreased food intake and increased plasma glucose levels in chickens, while 5 h fasting produced a limited and non-significant reduction in plasma glucose. In addition, 5 h fasting increased levels of NPY, TAS1R1, DIO2, LEPR, GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT8, and GCK mRNA. In contrast, AI had no impact on the levels of any selected mRNA. Therefore, our results demonstrate that in chickens, food intake inhibition or satiety mechanisms induced by insulin immuno-neutralization do not rely on hypothalamic abundance of the 23 transcripts analyzed. The hypothalamic transcripts that were increased in the fasted group are likely components of a mechanism of adaptation to fasting in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - J Dupont
- Station de Recherches Avicoles (UR 83), INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - N Rideau
- Station de Recherches Avicoles (UR 83), INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - C Gespach
- INSERM U938, Molecular and Clinical Oncology, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 75012 Paris, France
| | - J Simon
- Station de Recherches Avicoles (UR 83), INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - T E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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12
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Ding R, Yang M, Wang X, Quan J, Zhuang Z, Zhou S, Li S, Xu Z, Zheng E, Cai G, Liu D, Huang W, Yang J, Wu Z. Genetic Architecture of Feeding Behavior and Feed Efficiency in a Duroc Pig Population. Front Genet 2018; 9:220. [PMID: 29971093 PMCID: PMC6018414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing feed efficiency is a major goal of breeders as it can reduce production cost and energy consumption. However, the genetic architecture of feeding behavior and feed efficiency traits remains elusive. To investigate the genetic architecture of feed efficiency in pigs, three feeding behavior traits (daily feed intake, number of daily visits to feeder, and duration of each visit) and two feed efficiency traits (feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake) were considered. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the five traits using a population of 1,008 Duroc pigs genotyped with an Illumina Porcine SNP50K BeadChip. A total of 9 genome-wide (P < 1.54E-06) and 35 suggestive (P < 3.08E-05) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Two pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on SSC 1 and SSC 7 were found to affect more than one trait. Markers WU_10.2_7_18377044 and DRGA0001676 are two key SNPs for these two pleiotropic QTLs. Marker WU_10.2_7_18377044 on SSC 7 contributed 2.16 and 2.37% of the observed phenotypic variance for DFI and RFI, respectively. The other SNP DRGA0001676 on SSC 1 explained 3.22 and 5.46% of the observed phenotypic variance for FCR and RFI, respectively. Finally, functions of candidate genes and gene set enrichment analysis indicate that most of the significant pathways are associated with hormonal and digestive gland secretion during feeding. This study advances our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of feeding behavior and feed efficiency traits and provide an opportunity for increasing feeding efficiency using marker-assisted selection or genomic selection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Ding
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Wens Foodstuffs Group, Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China
| | - Xingwang Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Quan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanwei Zhuang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenping Zhou
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoyun Li
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Wens Foodstuffs Group, Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Wens Foodstuffs Group, Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China
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13
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Saneyasu T, Fujita S, Kitashiro A, Fukuzo S, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. Hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling regulates food intake in chicks. Neurosci Lett 2018; 670:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boswell T, Dunn IC. Regulation of Agouti-Related Protein and Pro-Opiomelanocortin Gene Expression in the Avian Arcuate Nucleus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:75. [PMID: 28450851 PMCID: PMC5389969 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus is generally conserved across vertebrate taxa in its neuroanatomy and neuropeptide expression. Gene expression of agouti-related protein (AGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has been established in the arcuate nucleus of several bird species and co-localization demonstrated for AGRP and NPY. The proteins encoded by these genes exert comparable effects on food intake in birds after central administration to those seen in other vertebrates, with AGRP and NPY being orexigenic and CART and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone anorexigenic. We have focused on the measurement of arcuate nucleus AGRP and POMC expression in several avian models in relation to the regulation of energy balance, incubation, stress, and growth. AGRP mRNA and POMC mRNA are, respectively, up- and downregulated after energy deprivation and restriction. This suggests that coordinated changes in the activity of AGRP and POMC neurons help to drive the homeostatic response to replace depleted energy stores in birds as in other vertebrates. While AGRP and POMC expression are generally positively and negatively correlated with food intake, respectively, we review here situations in some avian models in which AGRP gene expression is dissociated from the level of food intake and may have an influence on growth independent of changes in appetite. This suggests the possibility that the central melanocortin system exerts more pleiotropic functions in birds. While the neuroanatomical arrangement of AGRP and POMC neurons and the sensitivity of their activity to nutritional state appear generally conserved with other vertebrates, detailed knowledge is lacking of the key nutritional feedback signals acting on the avian arcuate nucleus and there appear to be significant differences between birds and mammals. In particular, recently identified avian leptin genes show differences between bird species in their tissue expression patterns and appear less closely linked in their expression to nutritional state. It is presently uncertain how the regulation of the central melanocortin system in birds is brought about in the situation of the apparently reduced importance of leptin and ghrelin compared to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Boswell
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- *Correspondence: Timothy Boswell,
| | - Ian C. Dunn
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
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Wang XJ, Xu SH, Liu L, Song ZG, Jiao HC, Lin H. Dietary fat alters the response of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y to subsequent energy intake in broiler chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 220:607-614. [PMID: 27903700 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fat affects appetite and appetite-related peptides in birds and mammals; however, the effect of dietary fat on appetite is still unclear in chickens faced with different energy statuses. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fat on food intake and hypothalamic neuropeptides in chickens subjected to two feeding states or two diets. In Experiment 1, chickens were fed a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet for 35 days, and then subjected to fed (HF-fed, LF-fed) or fasted (HF-fasted, LF-fasted) conditions for 24 h. In Experiment 2, chickens that were fed a HF or LF diet for 35 days were fasted for 24 h and then re-fed with HF (HF-RHF, LF-RHF) or LF (HF-RLF, LF-RLF) diet for 3 h. The results showed that chickens fed a HF diet for 35 days had increased body fat deposition despite decreasing food intake even when the diet was altered during the re-feeding period (P<0.05). LF diet (35 days) promoted agouti-related peptide (AgRP) expression compared with HF diet (P<0.05) under both fed and fasted conditions. LF-RHF chickens had lower neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression compared with LF-RLF chickens; conversely, HF-RHF chickens had higher NPY expression than HF-RLF chickens (P<0.05). These results demonstrate: (1) that HF diet decreases food intake even when the subsequent diet is altered; (2) the orexigenic effect of hypothalamic AgRP; and (3) that dietary fat alters the response of hypothalamic NPY to subsequent energy intake. These findings provide a novel view of the metabolic perturbations associated with long-term dietary fat over-ingestion in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao J Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shao H Xu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi G Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hong C Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Tachibana T, Tsutsui K. Neuropeptide Control of Feeding Behavior in Birds and Its Difference with Mammals. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:485. [PMID: 27853416 PMCID: PMC5089991 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding is an essential behavior for animals to sustain their lives. Over the past several decades, many neuropeptides that regulate feeding behavior have been identified in vertebrates. These neuropeptides are called “feeding regulatory neuropeptides.” There have been numerous studies on the role of feeding regulatory neuropeptides in vertebrates including birds. Some feeding regulatory neuropeptides show different effects on feeding behavior between birds and other vertebrates, particularly mammals. The difference is marked with orexigenic neuropeptides. For example, melanin-concentrating hormone, orexin, and motilin, which are regarded as orexigenic neuropeptides in mammals, have no effect on feeding behavior in birds. Furthermore, ghrelin and growth hormone-releasing hormone, which are also known as orexigenic neuropeptides in mammals, suppress feeding behavior in birds. Thus, it is likely that the feeding regulatory mechanism has changed during the evolution of vertebrates. This review summarizes the recent knowledge of peptidergic feeding regulatory factors in birds and discusses the difference in their action between birds and other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tachibana
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
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Singh O, Kumar S, Singh U, Kumar V, Lechan RM, Singru PS. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) in the brain of zebra finch,Taeniopygia guttata: Organization, interaction with neuropeptide Y, and response to changes in energy status. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:3014-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar; Odisha India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar; Odisha India
| | - Uday Singh
- School of Biological Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar; Odisha India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- DST-IRHPA Centre for Excellence in Biological Rhythms Research and Indo-US Centre for Biological Timing, Department of Zoology; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Ronald M. Lechan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tupper Research Institute; Tufts Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Neuroscience; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Praful S. Singru
- School of Biological Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar; Odisha India
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Liu L, Xu S, Wang X, Jiao H, Lin H. Peripheral Insulin Doesn't Alter Appetite of Broiler Chicks. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1294-9. [PMID: 26954230 PMCID: PMC5003990 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of peripheral insulin treatment on appetite in chicks. Six-d-age chicks with ad libitum feeding or fasting for 3 h before injection received a subcutaneous injection of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20 IU of insulin or vehicle (saline). The results showed peripheral insulin treatment (1 to 20 IU) did not alter significantly the feed intake in chicks under either ad libitum feeding or fasting conditions within 4 h (p>0.05). Compared with the control, plasma glucose concentration was significantly decreased after insulin treatment of 3, 5, 10, and 20 IU for 4 h in chicks with ad libitum feeding (p<0.05). In fasted chicks, 10 and 20 IU insulin treatments significantly decreased the plasma glucose level for 4 h (p<0.05). Peripheral insulin treatment of 10 IU for 2 or 4 h did not significantly affect the hypothalamic genes expression of neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, corticotropin-releasing factor and insulin receptors (p>0.05). All results suggest peripheral administration of insulin has no effect on appetite in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Boswell T, Dunn IC. Regulation of the avian central melanocortin system and the role of leptin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 221:278-83. [PMID: 25583584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The avian central melanocortin system is well conserved between birds and mammals in terms of the component genes, the localisation of their expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the effects on feeding behaviour of their encoded peptides and the sensitivity of agouti-related protein (AGRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression to changes in energy status. Our recent research has demonstrated that AGRP gene expression precisely differentiates between broiler breeder hens with different histories of chronic food restriction and refeeding. We have also shown that the sensitivity of AGRP gene expression to loss of energy stores is maintained even when food intake has been voluntarily reduced in chickens during incubation and in response to a stressor. However, the similarity between birds and mammals does not appear to extend to the way AGRP and POMC gene expression are regulated. In particular, the preliminary evidence from the discovery of the first avian leptin (LEP) genes suggests that LEP is more pleiotropic in birds and may not even be involved in regulating energy balance. Similarly, ghrelin exerts inhibitory, rather than stimulatory, effects on food intake. The fact that the importance of these prominent long-term regulators of AGRP and POMC expression in mammals appears diminished in birds suggests that the balance of regulatory inputs in birds may have shifted to more short-term influences such as the tone of cholecystokinin (CCK) signalling. This is likely to be related to the different metabolic fuelling required to support flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Boswell
- School of Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian C Dunn
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Acquired alterations of hypothalamic gene expression of insulin and leptin receptors and glucose transporters in prenatally high-glucose exposed three-week old chickens do not coincide with aberrant promoter DNA methylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119213. [PMID: 25811618 PMCID: PMC4374847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal exposures may have a distinct impact for long-term health, one example being exposure to maternal ‘diabesity’ during pregnancy increasing offspring ‘diabesity’ risk. Malprogramming of the central nervous regulation of body weight, food intake and metabolism has been identified as a critical mechanism. While concrete disrupting factors still remain unclear, growing focus on acquired epigenomic alterations have been proposed. Due to the independent development from the mother, the chicken embryo provides a valuable model to distinctively establish causal factors and mechanisms. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the effects of prenatal hyperglycemia on postnatal hypothalamic gene expression and promoter DNA methylation in the chicken. Methods and Findings To temporarily induce high-glucose exposure in chicken embryos, 0.5 ml glucose solution (30 mmol/l) were administered daily via catheter into a vessel of the chorioallantoic egg membrane from days 14 to 17 of incubation. At three weeks of postnatal age, body weight, total body fat, blood glucose, mRNA expression (INSR, LEPR, GLUT1, GLUT3) as well as corresponding promoter DNA methylation were determined in mediobasal hypothalamic brain slices (Nucleus infundibuli hypothalami). Although no significant changes in morphometric and metabolic parameters were detected, strongly decreased mRNA expression occurred in all candidate genes. Surprisingly, however, no relevant alterations were observed in respective promoter methylation. Conclusion Prenatal hyperglycemia induces strong changes in later hypothalamic expression of INSR, LEPR, GLUT1, and GLUT3 mRNA. While the chicken provides an interesting approach for developmental malprogramming, the classical expression regulation via promoter methylation was not observed here. This may be due to alternative/interacting brain mechanisms or the thus far under-explored bird epigenome.
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Honda K, Saneyasu T, Aoki K, Shimatani T, Yamaguchi T, Kamisoyama H. Correlation analysis of hypothalamic mRNA levels of appetite regulatory neuropeptides and several metabolic parameters in 28-day-old layer chickens. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:517-22. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Honda
- Department of Bioresource Science; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Takaoki Saneyasu
- Department of Bioresource Science; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Koji Aoki
- Department of Bioresource Science; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Tomohiko Shimatani
- Department of Bioresource Science; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioresource Science; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamisoyama
- Department of Bioresource Science; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
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Zhang W, Sumners LH, Siegel PB, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Quantity of glucose transporter and appetite-associated factor mRNA in various tissues after insulin injection in chickens selected for low or high body weight. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:1084-94. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00102.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens from lines selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight differ by 10-fold in body weight at 56 days old with differences in food intake, glucose regulation, and body composition. To evaluate if there are differences in appetite-regulatory factor and glucose transporter ( GLUT) mRNA that are accentuated by hypoglycemia, blood glucose was measured, and hypothalamus, liver, pectoralis major, and abdominal fat collected at 90 days of age from female HWS and LWS chickens, and reciprocal crosses, HL and LH, at 60 min after intraperitoneal injection of insulin. Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and receptor ( NPYR) subtypes 1 and 5 mRNA were greater in LWS compared with HWS hypothalamus ( P < 0.05), but greater in HWS than LWS in fat ( P < 0.05). Expression of NPYR2 was greater in LWS than HWS in pectoralis major ( P < 0.05). There was greater expression in HWS than LWS for GLUT1 in hypothalamus and liver ( P < 0.05), GLUT2 in fat and liver ( P < 0.05), and GLUT9 in liver ( P < 0.05). Insulin was associated with reduced blood glucose in all populations ( P < 0.05) and reduced mRNA of insulin receptor ( IR) and GLUT 2 and 3 in liver ( P < 0.05). There was heterosis for mRNA, most notably NPYR1 (−78%) and NPYR5 (−81%) in fat and GLUT2 (−70%) in liver. Results suggest that NPY and GLUTs are associated with differences in energy homeostasis in LWS and HWS. Reduced GLUT and IR mRNA after insulin injection suggest a compensatory mechanism to prevent further hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Lindsay H. Sumners
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Paul B. Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mark A. Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Dunn IC, Wilson PW, Smulders TV, Sandilands V, D'Eath RB, Boswell T. Hypothalamic agouti-related protein expression is affected by both acute and chronic experience of food restriction and re-feeding in chickens. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:920-8. [PMID: 23957836 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The central melanocortin system is conserved across vertebrates. However, in birds, little is known about how energy balance influences orexigenic agouti-related protein (AGRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression, despite the fact that commercial food restriction is critical to the efficient production of poultry meat. To enable contrasts to be made, in broiler-breeder chickens, between levels of food restriction, between birds with the same body weight but different feeding experience, and between birds moved from restricted feeding to ad lib. feeding for different periods, five groups of hens were established between 6 and 12 weeks of age with different combinations of food restriction and release from restriction. AGRP and neuropeptide Y expression in the basal hypothalamus was significantly increased by chronic restriction but only AGRP mRNA levels reflected recent feeding experience: hens at the same body weight that had recently been on ad lib. feeding showed lower expression than restricted birds. AGRP expression also distinguished between hens released from restriction to ad lib. feeding for different periods. By contrast, POMC and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA levels were not different. These results showed that AGRP mRNA not only reflected differences between a bird's weight and its potential weight or set point, but also discriminated between differing feeding histories of birds at the same body weight. Therefore, AGRP expression potentially provides an integrated measure of food intake experience and an objective tool to assess a bird's perception of satiety in feeding regimes for improved poultry welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Dunn
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
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Age-Dependent Changes in the mRNA Levels of Neuropeptide Y, Proopiomelanocortin, and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Hypothalamus in Growing Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0120188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Henry SL, Barzel B, Wood-Bradley RJ, Burke SL, Head GA, Armitage JA. Developmental origins of obesity-related hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:799-806. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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