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Zhang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun S, Wu L. Involvement of microglial P2X7 receptor in pain modulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14496. [PMID: 37950524 PMCID: PMC10805404 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a rapid response mechanism that compels organisms to retreat from the harmful stimuli and triggers a repair response. Nonetheless, when pain persists for extended periods, it can lead to adverse changes into in the individual's brain, negatively impacting their emotional state and overall quality of life. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in regulating a variety of pain-related disorders. Specifically, recent studies have shed light on the central role that microglial purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) plays in regulating pain. In this respect, the P2X7R on microglial membranes represents a potential therapeutic target. AIMS To expound on the intricate link between microglial P2X7R and pain, offering insights into potential avenues for future research. METHODS We reviewed 140 literature and summarized the important role of microglial P2X7R in regulating pain, including the structure and function of P2X7R, the relationship between P2X7R and microglial polarization, P2X7R-related signaling pathways, and the effects of P2X7R antagonists on pain regulation. RESULTS P2X7R activation is related to M1 polarization of microglia, while suppressing P2X7R can transfer microglia from M1 into M2 phenotype. And targeting the P2X7R-mediated signaling pathways helps to explore new therapy for pain alleviation. P2X7R antagonists also hold potential for translational and clinical applications in pain management. CONCLUSIONS Microglial P2X7R holds promise as a potential novel pharmacological target for clinical treatments due to its distinctive structure, function, and the development of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haozhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Shukai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Li‐an Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Liang X, Fan Y. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis reveals a causal effect of interleukin-18 levels on postherpetic neuralgia risk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183378. [PMID: 37304287 PMCID: PMC10247971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a debilitating complication of herpes zoster, characterized by persistent neuropathic pain that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Identifying factors that determine PHN susceptibility is crucial for its management. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in chronic pain, may play a critical role in PHN development. Methods In this study, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess genetic relationships and potential causal associations between IL-18 protein levels increasing and PHN risk, utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets on these traits. Two IL-18 datasets obtained from the EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute database which contained 21,758 individuals with 13,102,515 SNPs and Complete GWAS summary data on IL-18 protein levels which contained 3,394 individuals with 5,270,646 SNPs. The PHN dataset obtained from FinnGen biobank had 195,191 individuals with 16,380,406 SNPs. Results Our findings from two different datasets of IL-18 protein levels suggest a correlation between genetically predicted elevations in IL-18 protein levels and an increased susceptibility to PHN.(IVW, OR and 95% CI: 2.26, 1.07 to 4.78; p = 0.03 and 2.15, 1.10 to 4.19; p =0.03, respectively), potentially indicating a causal effect of IL-18 protein levels increasing on PHN risk. However, we did not detect any causal effect of genetic liability to PHN risk on IL-18 protein levels. Conclusion These findings suggest new insights into identifying IL-18 protein levels increasing at risk of developing PHN and may aid in the development of novel prevention and treatment approaches for PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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3
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Li J, Wei Y, Zhou J, Zou H, Ma L, Liu C, Xiao Z, Liu X, Tan X, Yu T, Cao S. Activation of locus coeruleus-spinal cord noradrenergic neurons alleviates neuropathic pain in mice via reducing neuroinflammation from astrocytes and microglia in spinal dorsal horn. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:123. [PMID: 35624514 PMCID: PMC9145151 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The noradrenergic neurons of locus coeruleus (LC) project to the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), and release norepinephrine (NE) to inhibit pain transmission. However, its effect on pathological pain and the cellular mechanism in the SDH remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the analgesic effects and the anti-neuroinflammation mechanism of LC-spinal cord noradrenergic pathway (LC:SC) in neuropathic pain (NP) mice with sciatic chronic constriction injury. Methods The Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) was used to selectively activate LC:SC. Noradrenergic neuron-specific retro–adeno-associated virus was injected to the spinal cord. Pain threshold, LC and wide dynamic range (WDR) neuron firing, neuroinflammation (microglia and astrocyte activation, cytokine expression), and α2AR expression in SDH were evaluated. Results Activation of LC:SC with DREADD increased the mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds and reduced the WDR neuron firing. LC:SC activation (daily, 7 days) downregulated TNF-α and IL-1β expression, upregulated IL-4 and IL-10 expression in SDH, and inhibited microglia and astrocytes activation in NP mice. Immunofluorescence double staining confirmed that LC:SC activation decreased the expression of cytokines in microglia of the SDH. In addition, the effects of LC:SC activation could be reversed by intrathecal injection of yohimbine. Immunofluorescence of SDH showed that NE receptor α2B-AR was highly expressed in microglia in CCI mice. Conclusion These findings indicate that selective activation of LC:SC alleviates NP in mice by increasing the release of NE and reducing neuroinflammation of astrocytes and microglia in SDH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02489-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yiyong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Street, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Junli Zhou
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Helin Zou
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Street, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi Xiao
- Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Street, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingfeng Liu
- Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Street, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinran Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Street, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China. .,Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China. .,Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Street, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
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Yeo JH, Roh DH. Dexmedetomidine Co-Administered with Lidocaine Decreases Nociceptive Responses and Trigeminal Fos Expression without Motor Dysfunction and Hypotension in a Murine Orofacial Formalin Model. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020215. [PMID: 35207502 PMCID: PMC8878816 DOI: 10.3390/life12020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of dexmedetomidine significantly induces sedation and anti-nociception in several nociceptive models, but clinical trials are restricted due to adverse side effects, including lethargy, hypotension, and bradycardia. Herein, we investigated whether intraperitoneal inoculation of dexmedetomidine reduced the orofacial nociceptive response and affected motor coordination and blood pressure and examined whether a lower dose of dexmedetomidine in combination with 0.5% lidocaine produced an antinociceptive effect without any adverse side events in a murine model. To perform the experiment, 5% formalin (10 µL) was subcutaneously inoculated into the right upper lip, and the rubbing responses were counted for 45 min. Different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with 0.5% lidocaine were administered 10 and 30 min before formalin injection, respectively. Dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg) significantly reduced orofacial nociceptive responses during the second phase of the formalin test and decreased the expression of Fos in trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Besides, a high dose of dexmedetomidine (30 μg/kg) induced lessening physical ability and significantly reduced systolic pressure and heart rate. When 0.5% lidocaine was injected subcutaneously, nociceptive responses were reduced only in the first phase. Interestingly, although a low dose of dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg) alone did not show an antinociceptive effect, its co-administration with lidocaine significantly reduced the nociceptive response in both phases and decreased TNC Fos expression without motor dysfunction and hypotension. This finding suggests that the combination of a low-dose of systemic dexmedetomidine with lidocaine may be a safe medicinal approach for acute inflammatory pain management in the orofacial region, particularly mucogingival pain.
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Prossin A, Koch A, Campbell P, Laumet G, Stohler CS, Dantzer R, Zubieta JK. Effects of placebo administration on immune mechanisms and relationships with central endogenous opioid neurotransmission. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:831-839. [PMID: 34716408 PMCID: PMC9054677 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral conditioning and expectation can have profound impact on animal and human physiology. Placebo, administered under positive expectation in clinical trials, can have potent effects on disease pathology, obscuring active medications. Emerging evidence suggests placebo-responsive neurotransmitter systems (e.g., endogenous opioid) regulate immune function by manipulating inflammatory proteins including IL-18, a potent pro-inflammatory, nociceptive cytokine implicated in pathophysiology of various diseases. Validation that neuroimmune interactions involving brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activity and plasma IL-18 underlie placebo analgesic expectation could have widespread clinical applications. Unfortunately, current lack of mechanistic clarity obfuscates clinical translation. To elucidate neuroimmune interactions underlying placebo analgesia, we exposed 37 healthy human volunteers to a standardized pain challenge on each of 2 days within a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) neuroimaging paradigm using the MOR selective radiotracer, 11C-Carfentanil (CFN). Each day volunteers received an intervention (placebo under analgesic expectation or no treatment), completed PET scanning, and rated their pain experience. MOR BPND parametric maps were generated from PET scans using standard methods. Results showed placebo reduced plasma IL-18 during pain (W74 = -3.7, p < 0.001), the extent correlating with reduction in pain scores. Placebo reduction in IL-18 covaried with placebo-induced endogenous opioid release in the left nucleus accumbens (T148 = 3.33; puncorr < 0.001) and left amygdala (T148 = 3.30; puncorr < 0.001). These findings are consistent with a modulating effect of placebo (under analgesic expectation in humans) on a potent nociceptive, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-18) and underlying relationships with endogenous opioid activity, a neurotransmitter system critically involved in pain, stress, and mood regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Prossin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA. .,Translational Imaging Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alisa Koch
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Phillip Campbell
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Christian S. Stohler
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Department of Psychiatry, John T Mather Memorial Hospital, Northwell Health, Port Jefferson, NY USA
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Sharma D, Jaggi AS, Arora K, Bali A. Exploring the role of cAMP in gabapentin- mediated pain attenuating effects in chronic constriction injury model in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiran Arora
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical education, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical education, India; Central University of Punjab, India
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7
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Santos Passos FR, Pereira EWM, Heimfarth L, Monteiro BS, Barbosa Gomes de Carvalho YM, Siqueira-Lima PS, Melo Coutinho HD, Antunes de Souza Araújo A, Guedes da Silva Almeida JR, Barreto RSS, Picot L, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Role of peripheral and central sensitization in the anti-hyperalgesic effect of hecogenin acetate, an acetylated sapogenin, complexed with β-cyclodextrin: Involvement of NFκB and p38 MAPK pathways. Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108395. [PMID: 33516738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain develops due to injury to the somatosensory system, affecting the patient's quality of life. In view of the ineffectiveness of the current pharmacotherapy, substances obtained from natural products (NPs) are a promising alternative. One NP that has been discussed in the literature is hecogenin acetate (HA), a steroidal sapogenin with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. However, HA has low water solubility, which affects its bioavailability. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-hyperalgesic activity of pure and complexed hecogenin acetate (HA/βCD) in an animal model of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain. The inclusion complex was prepared at a molar ratio of 1:2 (HA:βCD) by the lyophilization method. For the induction of chronic inflammatory pain, the mice received an intraplantar injection of CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant), and were evaluated for mechanical hyperalgesia and for the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the skin of the paw after eight days of treatment. HA and HA/βCD reduced mechanical hyperalgesia in relation to the vehicle group until the fourth and fifth hours, respectively, in the acute evaluation, with a superior effect of the complexed form over the pure form in the second and third hour after treatment (p < 0.001). In the chronic evaluation, HA and HA/βCD reduced hyperalgesia in relation to the vehicle in the eight days of treatment (p < 0.001). Both pure (p < 0.01) and complexed (p < 0.001) forms reduced myeloperoxidase activity in the skin of the animals' paw. Groups of animals subjected to the same pharmacological protocol were submitted to the partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) model and evaluated for mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, and cold allodynia. HA and HA/βCD reduced mechanical hyperalgesia until the fourth and sixth hours, respectively, and both reduced hyperalgesia in relation to the vehicle in the chronic evaluation (p < 0.001). HA and HA/βCD also reduced thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The analysis of the spinal cord of these animals showed a decrease in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and a reduction in the phosphorylation of NFκB and p38MAPK, as well as a decrease in microglioses compared to the vehicle group. In addition, HA/βCD reduced the nociception induced by intraplantar injection of agonist TRPA1 (p < 0.01) and TRPM8 (p < 0.05). Treatment for eight days with HA and HA/βCD showed no signs of gastric or liver damage. HA and HA/βCD were, therefore, shown to have antinociceptive effects in chronic pain models. Based on our exploration of the mechanisms of the action of HA, these effects are likely to be related to inhibited leukocyte migration, interaction with the TRPA1 and TRPM8 receptors, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, microglial expression and suppression of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK pathway signaling. Therefore, HA/βCD has great potential for use in the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiolla Rocha Santos Passos
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Brazil
| | - Erik W M Pereira
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Brenda S Monteiro
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Maria Barbosa Gomes de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosana S S Barreto
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Laurent Picot
- La Rochelle Université, UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Brazil.
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Qian Y, Wang Q, Jiao J, Wang G, Gu Z, Huang D, Wang Z. Intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine ameliorates chronic neuropathic pain via the modulation of MPK3/ERK1/2 in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. Neurol Res 2019; 41:1059-1068. [PMID: 31584354 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1672391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Despite the application of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a perioperative adjuvant in local analgesia, the exact analgesic mechanism underpinning chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) awaits our elucidation. Methods: We investigated the molecular mechanisms of the anti-nociceptive effect of DEX on neuropathic pain in a mouse model induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Results: DEX administration significantly increased the paw withdrawal latency (PWL) values 0.5 to 2 h post-injection in CCI-induced CNP mice at day 5 to 21 versus dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated mice, confirming its analgesic effect. The c-Fos expression was significantly elevated in CCI mice versus the sham-operated group, whereas the elevation was mitigated by DEX injection. Subsequently, the involvement of MKP1 and MKP3 in the pathogenesis of chronic neuropathic pain was evaluated. Western blotting analyses revealed significant decrease in both MKP1 and MKP3 in the spinal cord in CCI group versus the sham group. DEX markedly elevated the MKP3 expression and modestly reduced the MKP1 expression, with insignificant difference in the latter. Co-injection of BCI (an MKP3 inhibitor) and DEX evidently reduced the PWL values in CCI mice. Furthermore, DEX significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, down-stream effector of MKP3 in CCI mice, whereas the downregulation was reversed by BCI. Conclusion: We confirmed that DEX exerts the analgesic effect on chronic neuropathic pain via the regulation of MKP3/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which may contribute to clarification of the molecular mechanism and novel therapy for chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Qianlun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jiantong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Guilong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhengfeng Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Dongxiao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
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Liang Y, Qiu Y, Du J, Liu J, Fang J, Zhu J, Fang J. Inhibition of Spinal Microglia and Astrocytes Contributes to the Anti-Allodynic Effect of Electroacupuncture in Neuropathic Pain Induced by Spinal Nerve Ligation. Acupunct Med 2018; 34:40-7. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective Besides neurons, activated microglia and astrocytes in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been used widely to treat various chronic pain diseases, however, the underlying mechanisms of EA are still not fully understood. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, including an untreated healthy Control group (n=14), a True-spinal nerve ligation (SNL) group that underwent SNL and remained untreated (n=25), a True-SNL+EA group that underwent SNL followed by EA treatment (n=25), and a Sham-SNL group that underwent sham surgery and remained untreated (n=15). SNL was performed unilaterally at L5 and EA was applied to ST36 and BL60 bilaterally once per day. Paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) were measured ipsilaterally at baseline and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after ligation. Activation of microglia and astrocytes in the SCDH were examined bilaterally by immunofluorescence staining, and concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin (IL-6) were measured in the ipsilateral SCDH by ELISA. Results SNL significantly decreased PWTs and activated glial cells in the superficial laminae of the ipsilateral SCDH. In rats with SNL, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity peaked at 7 days and was maintained until 14 days post-ligation, while anti-integrin alphaM (OX-42) immunoreactivity peaked at 3 days and declined gradually. EA significantly alleviated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, EA reduced microglial activation (OX-42 positive ratios) in the lumbar SCDH at 3 days post-ligation and suppressed astrocyte activation (GFAP positive ratios) at all time points observed. Conclusions EA stimulation alleviates SNL-induced neuropathic pain, at least in part through inhibition of spinal glial activation. Moreover, inhibition of spinal microglia and astrocyte activation may contribute to the immediate effects and maintenance of EA analgesia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Qiu
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Jurga AM, Rojewska E, Makuch W, Mika J. Lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (TLR4 antagonist) attenuates hypersensitivity and modulates nociceptive factors. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:275-286. [PMID: 29656686 PMCID: PMC6130482 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1457061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR4 localized on microglia/macrophages, may play a significant role in nociception. OBJECTIVE We examine the role of TLR4 in a neuropathic pain model. Using behavioural/biochemical methods, we examined the influence of TLR4 antagonist on levels of hypersensitivity and nociceptive factors whose contribution to neuropathy development has been confirmed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Behavioural (von Frey's/cold plate) tests were performed with Wistar male rats after intrathecal administration of a TLR4 antagonist (LPS-RS ULTRAPURE (LPS-RSU), 20 μG: lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, InvivoGen, San Diego, CA) 16 H and 1 h before chronic constriction injury (cci) to the sciatic nerve and then daily for 7 d. three groups were used: an intact group and two cci-exposed groups that received vehicle or LPS-RSU. tissue [spinal cord/dorsal root ganglia (DRG)] for western blot analysis was collected on day 7. RESULTS The pharmacological blockade of TLR4 diminished mechanical (from ca. 40% to 16% that in the INTACT group) and thermal (from ca. 51% to 32% that in the INTACT group) hypersensitivity despite the enhanced activation of IBA-1-positive cells in DRG. Moreover, LPS-RSU changed the ratio between IL-18/IL-18BP and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in favour of the increase of antinociceptive factors IL-18BP (25%-spinal; 96%-DRG) and TIMP-1 (15%-spinal; 50%-DRG) and additionally led to an increased IL-6 (40%-spinal; 161%-DRG), which is known to have analgesic properties in neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that LPS-RSU influences pain through the expression of TLR4. TLR4 blockade has analgesic properties and restores the balance between nociceptive factors, which indicates its engagement in neuropathy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M. Jurga
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- CONTACT Joanna MikaDepartment of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31343Krakow, Poland
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Pei W, Zou Y, Wang W, Wei L, Zhao Y, Li L. Tizanidine exerts anti-nociceptive effects in spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3209-3219. [PMID: 30221670 PMCID: PMC6202089 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, α2-adrenoceptors (α2-AR) agonists have been shown to have anti-nociceptive effects and thus may become a promising therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain. tizanidine is a highly selective α2-AR agonist, but the effect mechanism of tizanidine in neuropathic pain remains largely unknown. The present study investigated whether tizanidine has anti-nociceptive effects in spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain in rats, as well as explored the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that the rats in SNI group showed significantly higher mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, accompanied with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. PDTC, an inhibitor of TLR4/NF-κB signaling, could significantly attenuate the SNI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, treatment with tizanidine also attenuated the SNI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, suppressed production of the proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which could be reversed by pretreatment with BRL44408, a selective α2-AR antagonist. Taken these findings together, we demonstrated that tizanidine has anti-nociceptive effects on neuropathic pain via inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines through suppressing the activation of TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmin Pei
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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12
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Lin JP, Chen CQ, Huang LE, Li NN, Yang Y, Zhu SM, Yao YX. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting P2X7R Expression and ERK Phosphorylation in Rats. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:267-276. [PMID: 30181689 PMCID: PMC6120967 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α2-Adrenoceptor agonists attenuate hypersensitivity under neuropathic conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying this attenuation remain largely unknown. In the present study, we explored the potential roles of purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. An animal model of CCI was adopted to mimic the clinical neuropathic pain state. Behavioral hypersensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli was determined by von Frey filament and Hargreaves' tests, and the spinal P2X7R expression level and ERK phosphorylation were analyzed using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. In parallel with the development of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, a significant increase in P2X7R expression was noted in the ipsilateral spinal cord on day 7 after CCI. Intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine (2.5 µg) for 3 days not only attenuated neuropathic pain but also inhibited the CCI-induced P2X7R upregulation and ERK phosphorylation. Intrathecal dexmedetomidine administration did not produce obvious effects on locomotor function. The present study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine attenuates the neuropathic pain induced by CCI of the sciatic nerve in rats by inhibiting spinal P2X7R expression and ERK phosphorylation, indicating the potential therapeutic implications of dexmedetomidine administration for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Piao Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Qin Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Er Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Mei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xing Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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13
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Huang LE, Guo SH, Thitiseranee L, Yang Y, Zhou YF, Yao YX. N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B antagonist, Ro 25-6981, attenuates neuropathic pain by inhibiting postsynaptic density 95 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7848. [PMID: 29777135 PMCID: PMC5959906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) is a synaptic scaffolding protein that plays a crucial role in the development of neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To address the role of PSD-95 in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) -mediated chronic pain, we investigated the relationship between PSD-95 activation and NR2B function in the spinal cord, by using a rat model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). We demonstrate that the expression levels of total PSD-95 and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), as well as phosphorylated NR2B, PSD-95, and CREB, in the spinal dorsal horn, and the interaction of NR2B with PSD-95 were increased in the CCI animals. Intrathecal injection of the selective NR2B antagonist Ro 25-6981 increased paw withdrawal latency, in a thermal pain assessment test. Moreover, repeated treatment with Ro 25-6981 markedly attenuated the thermal hypersensitivity, and inhibited the CCI-induced upregulation of PSD-95 in the spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of the PSD-95 inhibitor strikingly reversed the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Our results suggest that blocking of NR2B signaling in the spinal cord could be used as a therapeutic candidate for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Er Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | | | - Yan Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Centre for Neuroscience, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xing Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China.
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14
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Ji D, Zhou Y, Li S, Li D, Chen H, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Xu H. Anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of monoarthritis via suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4910-4918. [PMID: 29201195 PMCID: PMC5704272 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain, the anti-nociceptive effects of α 2-adrenoceptors (α2AR) have attracted attention. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a potent and highly selective α2AR agonist, has exhibited significant analgesic effects in neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. The present study investigated the effect of DEX on Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 expression, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The rat monoarthritis (MA) model was induced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) at the ankle joint. After induction of MA, the rats were intrathecally treated with normal saline or DEX (2.5 µg) for 3 consecutive days. The concentration of interleukin-1β and -6 as well as tumor necrosis factor-α was examined by ELISA. The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were determined by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that the pro-inflammatory cytokines TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were significantly upregulated in MA rats. DEX treatment markedly reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, suppressed MA-induced elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway, while these effects were blocked by pre-treatment with the selective α2AR antagonist BRL44408 (15 µg) at 30 min prior to CFA injection. These results suggested that DEX has an anti-nociceptive effect via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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15
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Sridhar RB, Kalappa S, Nagappa S. Nonopioid (Dexmedetomidine, Dexamethasone, Magnesium) Adjuvant to Ropivacaine Caudal Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgeries: A Comparative Study. Anesth Essays Res 2017; 11:636-641. [PMID: 28928562 PMCID: PMC5594781 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.206853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Desirable adjuvants to caudal ropivacaine are the one which prolongs analgesia and free of side effects. We compared nonopioid drugs dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, and magnesium as adjuvants to ropivacaine caudal analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 128 pediatric patients (3–12-year olds) undergoing infraumbilical surgeries; they were randomly allocated to four groups to receive normal saline, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg, dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg, and magnesium sulfate 50 mg with injection ropivacaine 0.2% in the dose 0.5 ml/kg caudally. Modified Objective Pain Score and Ramsay Sedation Score, duration of analgesia, hemodynamic changes, and side effects were assessed. ANOVA test was used for numerical values as data were expressed in mean and standard deviation. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for postoperative pain and sedation score as data were expressed as median and range. Results: The demographic data and hemodynamics were comparable. There was a significant prolongation of duration of analgesia in all study groups, dexmedetomidine (406.2 ± 45.5 min), dexamethasone (450.0 ± 72.6 min), and magnesium (325.0 ± 45.8 min) as compared to ropivacaine (285.9 ± 52.7 min) group. None of the adjuvants resulted in either excess or prolonged sedation. No side effects were encountered. Conclusion: The adjuvants dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, and magnesium added to ropivacaine prolong caudal analgesic duration without any sedation or side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Kalappa
- Department of Anaesthesia, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saraswathi Nagappa
- Department of Anaesthesia, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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16
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Lu Y, Lin B, Zhong J. The Therapeutic Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Rat Diabetic Neuropathy Pain and the Mechanism. Biol Pharm Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Baohua Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Junmin Zhong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
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17
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Komirishetty P, Areti A, Sistla R, Kumar A. Morin Mitigates Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI)-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress Induced PARP Over-Activation and Neuroinflammation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2029-42. [PMID: 27084773 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is initiated or caused due to the primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system and is proposed to be linked to a cascade of events including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Oxidative/nitrosative stress aggravates the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration through poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) overactivation. Hence, the present study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the phytoconstituent; morin in chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced neuropathy. Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction of the left sciatic nerve in rats, and the effect of morin (15 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated by measuring behavioural and biochemical changes. Mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli confirmed the CCI-induced neuropathic pain and treatment with morin significantly improved these behavioural deficits and improved the sciatic functional index by the 14th day after CCI induction. After 14 days of CCI induction, oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammatory markers were elevated in rat lumbar spinal cord. Oxidative stress induced PARP overactivation resulted in depleted levels of ATP and elevated levels of poly (ADP) ribose (PAR). Treatment with morin reduced the levels of nitrites, restored glutathione levels and abrogated the oxidant induced DNA damage. It also mitigated the increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Protein expression studies confirmed the PARP inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity of morin. Findings of this study suggest that morin, by virtue of its antioxidant properties, limited PARP overactivation and neuroinflammation and protected against CCI induced functional, behavioural and biochemical deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Komirishetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500037, India
| | - Aparna Areti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500037, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500037, India.
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Individual differences in acute pain-induced endogenous analgesia predict time to resolution of postoperative pain in the rat. Anesthesiology 2015; 122:895-907. [PMID: 25581910 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic postsurgical pain, a significant public health problem, occurs in 10 to 50% of patients undergoing major surgery. Acute pain induces endogenous analgesia termed conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and the strength of CPM preoperatively predicts the likelihood of chronic postsurgical pain. The relation between CPM and recovery from surgery has not been examined in preclinical models. METHODS CPM was assessed in individual rats and correlated with each animal's time course of recovery of hypersensitivity after partial spinal nerve ligation. The role of descending noradrenergic pathways in the spinal cord to mechanisms of CPM and recovery was tested using idazoxan to block noradrenergic receptors or antidopamine β-hydroxylase-conjugated saporin to ablate these pathways. Behavioral hypersensitivity, static weight bearing, and spinal glial activation were measured after partial spinal nerve ligation. RESULTS The strength of CPM varied over two-fold between individuals and was directly correlated with the slope of recovery from hypersensitivity after surgery (P < 0.0001; r = 0.660). CPM induced the release of norepinephrine in the spinal cord and was partially blocked by intrathecal idazoxan or dopamine β-hydroxylase-saporin. Dopamine β-hydroxylase-saporin also slowed recovery and enhanced spinal glial activation after partial spinal nerve ligation surgery. Ongoing activation of these pathways was critical to sustained recovery because intrathecal dopamine β-hydroxylase-saporin given 7 weeks after recovery reinstituted hypersensitivity, while having no effect in animals without previous surgery. CONCLUSION Collectively, these studies provide a clear back-translation from clinical observations of CPM and chronic postsurgical pain and suggest that the ability to engage ongoing descending endogenous noradrenergic signaling may be critical in determining time course of recovery from hypersensitivity after surgery.
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Chu LW, Chen JY, Wu PC, Wu BN. Atorvastatin prevents neuroinflammation in chronic constriction injury rats through nuclear NFκB downregulation in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:889-98. [PMID: 25874913 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin, traditionally used to treat hyperlipidemia, belongs to a class of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. This study investigated the antineuroinflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects of atorvastatin in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord for chronic constriction injury (CCI) neuropathic pain in rats. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups including sham, CCI, and CCI+atorvastatin. Rats were orally administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) once daily for 2 weeks after surgery and sacrificed at days 3, 7, and 14. All animals were assessed for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in both hindpaws. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect inflammatory proteins and proinflammatory cytokines at day 7 after surgery. Pain behaviors were significantly reduced in the CCI+atorvastatin group compared to the CCI group. Atorvastatin attenuated CCI-induced inflammatory mediators (pAkt/Akt, COX-2, iNOS, EP1, and EP4) and reduced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β levels in DRG and spinal cord. Atorvastatin also inhibited nuclear pNFκB activation. Double immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that pNFκB proteins were decreased by atorvastatin in DRG satellite cells and spinal microglia. Atorvastatin may primarily inhibit the nuclear translocation of pNFκB to prevent CCI-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. Atorvastatin exhibits antineuroinflammatory and antinociceptive properties in the central and peripheral nerve systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Yih Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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20
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Evidence for a distinct neuro-immune signature in rats that develop behavioural disability after nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:96. [PMID: 25986444 PMCID: PMC4506439 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic neuropathic pain is a neuro-immune disorder, characterised by allodynia, hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain, as well as debilitating affective-motivational disturbances (e.g., reduced social interactions, sleep-wake cycle disruption, anhedonia, and depression). The role of the immune system in altered sensation following nerve injury is well documented. However, its role in the development of affective-motivational disturbances remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to characterise changes in the immune response at peripheral and spinal sites in a rat model of neuropathic pain and disability. METHODS Sixty-two rats underwent sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) and were characterised as either Pain and disability, Pain and transient disability or Pain alone on the basis of sensory threshold testing and changes in post-CCI dominance behaviour in resident-intruder interactions. Nerve ultrastructure was assessed and the number of T lymphocytes and macrophages were quantified at the site of injury on day six post-CCI. ATF3 expression was quantified in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Using a multiplex assay, eight cytokines were quantified in the sciatic nerve, DRG and spinal cord. RESULTS All CCI rats displayed equal levels of mechanical allodynia, structural nerve damage, and reorganisation. All CCI rats had significant infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes to both the injury site and the DRG. Pain and disability rats had significantly greater numbers of T lymphocytes. CCI increased IL-6 and MCP-1 in the sciatic nerve. Examination of disability subgroups revealed increases in IL-6 and MCP-1 were restricted to Pain and disability rats. Conversely, CCI led to a decrease in IL-17, which was restricted to Pain and transient disability and Pain alone rats. CCI significantly increased IL-6 and MCP-1 in the DRG, with IL-6 restricted to Pain and disability rats. CCI rats had increased IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in the spinal cord. Amongst subgroups, only Pain and disability rats had increased IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS This study has defined individual differences in the immune response at peripheral and spinal sites following CCI in rats. These changes correlated with the degree of disability. Our data suggest that individual immune signatures play a significant role in the different behavioural trajectories following nerve injury, and in some cases may lead to persistent affective-motivational disturbances.
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21
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Austin PJ, Bembrick AL, Denyer GS, Keay KA. Injury-Dependent and Disability-Specific Lumbar Spinal Gene Regulation following Sciatic Nerve Injury in the Rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124755. [PMID: 25905723 PMCID: PMC4408097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allodynia, hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain are cardinal sensory signs of neuropathic pain. Clinically, many neuropathic pain patients experience affective-motivational state changes, including reduced familial and social interactions, decreased motivation, anhedonia and depression which are severely debilitating. In earlier studies we have shown that sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) disrupts social interactions, sleep-wake-cycle and endocrine function in one third of rats, a subgroup reliably identified six days after injury. CCI consistently produces allodynia and hyperalgesia, the intensity of which was unrelated either to the altered social interactions, sleep-wake-cycle or endocrine changes. This decoupling of the sensory consequences of nerve injury from the affective-motivational changes is reported in both animal experiments and human clinical data. The sensory changes triggered by CCI are mediated primarily by functional changes in the lumbar dorsal horn, however, whether lumbar spinal changes may drive different affective-motivational states has never been considered. In these studies, we used microarrays to identify the unique transcriptomes of rats with altered social behaviours following sciatic CCI to determine whether specific patterns of lumbar spinal adaptations characterised this subgroup. Rats underwent CCI and on the basis of reductions in dominance behaviour in resident-intruder social interactions were categorised as having Pain & Disability, Pain & Transient Disability or Pain alone. We examined the lumbar spinal transcriptomes two and six days after CCI. Fifty-four ‘disability-specific’ genes were identified. Sixty-five percent were unique to Pain & Disability rats, two-thirds of which were associated with neurotransmission, inflammation and/or cellular stress. In contrast, 40% of genes differentially regulated in rats without disabilities were involved with more general homeostatic processes (cellular structure, transcription or translation). We suggest that these patterns of gene expression lead to either the expression of disability, or to resilience and recovery, by modifying local spinal circuitry at the origin of ascending supraspinal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Austin
- School of Medical Sciences (Anatomy & Histology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison L. Bembrick
- School of Medical Sciences (Anatomy & Histology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gareth S. Denyer
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin A. Keay
- School of Medical Sciences (Anatomy & Histology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kim KH. Safe Sedation and Hypnosis using Dexmedetomidine for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery in a Prone Position. Korean J Pain 2014; 27:313-20. [PMID: 25317279 PMCID: PMC4196495 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2014.27.4.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine, an imidazoline compound, is a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist with sympatholytic, sedative, amnestic, and analgesic properties. In order to minimize the patients' pain and anxiety during minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) when compared to conventional surgery under general anesthesia, an adequate conscious sedation (CS) or monitored anesthetic care (MAC) should be provided. Commonly used intravenous sedatives and hypnotics, such as midazolam and propofol, are not suitable for operations in a prone position due to undesired respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine converges on an endogenous non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep-promoting pathway to exert its sedative effects. The great merit of dexmedetomidine for CS or MAC is the ability of the operator to recognize nerve damage during percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, a representative MISS. However, there are 2 shortcomings for dexmedetomidine in MISS: hypotension/bradycardia and delayed emergence. Its hypotension/bradycardiac effects can be prevented by ketamine intraoperatively. Using atipamezole (an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist) might allow doctors to control the rate of recovery from procedural sedation in the future. MAC, with other analgesics such as ketorolac and opioids, creates ideal conditions for MISS. In conclusion, dexmedetomidine provides a favorable surgical condition in patients receiving MISS in a prone position due to its unique properties of conscious sedation followed by unconscious hypnosis with analgesia. However, no respiratory depression occurs based on the dexmedetomidine-related endogenous sleep pathways involves the inhibition of the locus coeruleus in the pons, which facilitates VLPO firing in the anterior hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Wu HH, Wang HT, Jin JJ, Cui GB, Zhou KC, Chen Y, Chen GZ, Dong YL, Wang W. Does dexmedetomidine as a neuraxial adjuvant facilitate better anesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93114. [PMID: 24671181 PMCID: PMC3966844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuraxial application of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as adjuvant analgesic has been invetigated in some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but not been approved because of the inconsistency of efficacy and safety in these RCTs. We performed this meta-analysis to access the efficacy and safety of neuraxial DEX as local anaesthetic (LA) adjuvant. Methods We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases from inception to June 2013 for RCTs that investigated the analgesia efficacy and safety for neuraxial application DEX as LA adjuvant. Effects were summarized using standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighed mean differences (WMDs) or odds ratio (OR) with suitable effect model. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain intensity and analgesic duration, bradycardia and hypotension. Results Sixteen RCTs involving 1092 participants were included. Neuraxial DEX significantly decreased postoperative pain intensity (SMD, −1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), −1.70 to −0.89; P<0.00001), prolonged analgesic duration (WMD, 6.93 hours; 95% CI, 5.23 to 8.62; P<0.00001) and increased the risk of bradycardia (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.18 to 6.10; P = 0.02). No evidence showed that neuraxial DEX increased the risk of other adverse events, such as hypotension (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.83 to 2.85; P = 0.17). Additionally, neuraxial DEX was associated with beneficial alterations in postoperative sedation scores and number of analgesic requirements, sensory and motor block characteristics, and intro-operative hemodynamics. Conclusion Neuraxial DEX is a favorable LA adjuvant with better and longer analgesia. The greatest concern is bradycardia. Further large sample trials with strict design and focusing on long-term outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, PR China
- Unit for Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hong-Tao Wang
- Unit for Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
- Department of Burn and Cutaneous Surgery, Xi’jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jun-Jie Jin
- Unit for Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Unit for Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhou
- Unit for Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Zhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (GZC); (YLD); (WW)
| | - Yu-Lin Dong
- Unit for Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
- * E-mail: (GZC); (YLD); (WW)
| | - Wen Wang
- Unit for Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
- * E-mail: (GZC); (YLD); (WW)
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