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Killanin AD, Ward TW, Embury CM, Calhoun VD, Wang Y, Stephen JM, Picci G, Heinrichs‐Graham E, Wilson TW. Effects of endogenous testosterone on oscillatory activity during verbal working memory in youth. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26774. [PMID: 38949599 PMCID: PMC11215982 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Testosterone levels sharply rise during the transition from childhood to adolescence and these changes are known to be associated with changes in human brain structure. During this same developmental window, there are also robust changes in the neural oscillatory dynamics serving verbal working memory processing. Surprisingly, whereas many studies have investigated the effects of chronological age on the neural oscillations supporting verbal working memory, none have probed the impact of endogenous testosterone levels during this developmental period. Using a sample of 89 youth aged 6-14 years-old, we collected salivary testosterone samples and recorded magnetoencephalography during a modified Sternberg verbal working memory task. Significant oscillatory responses were identified and imaged using a beamforming approach and the resulting maps were subjected to whole-brain ANCOVAs examining the effects of testosterone and sex, controlling for age, during verbal working memory encoding and maintenance. Our primary results indicated robust testosterone-related effects in theta (4-7 Hz) and alpha (8-14 Hz) oscillatory activity, controlling for age. During encoding, females exhibited weaker theta oscillations than males in right cerebellar cortices and stronger alpha oscillations in left temporal cortices. During maintenance, youth with greater testosterone exhibited weaker alpha oscillations in right parahippocampal and cerebellar cortices, as well as regions across the left-lateralized language network. These results extend the existing literature on the development of verbal working memory processing by showing region and sex-specific effects of testosterone, and are the first results to link endogenous testosterone levels to the neural oscillatory activity serving verbal working memory, above and beyond the effects of chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham D. Killanin
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Thomas W. Ward
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Christine M. Embury
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Yu‐Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs‐Graham
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalNebraskaUSA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
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2
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Li M, Haihambo N, Bylemans T, Ma Q, Heleven E, Baeken C, Baetens K, Deroost N, Van Overwalle F. Create your own path: social cerebellum in sequence-based self-guided navigation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae015. [PMID: 38554289 PMCID: PMC10981473 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial trajectory planning and execution in a social context play a vital role in our daily lives. To study this process, participants completed a goal-directed task involving either observing a sequence of preferred goals and self-planning a trajectory (Self Sequencing) or observing and reproducing the entire trajectory taken by others (Other Sequencing). The results indicated that in the observation phase, witnessing entire trajectories created by others (Other Sequencing) recruited cerebellar mentalizing areas (Crus 2 and 1) and cortical mentalizing areas in the precuneus, ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction more than merely observing several goals (Self Sequencing). In the production phase, generating a trajectory by oneself (Self Sequencing) activated Crus 1 more than merely reproducing the observed trajectories from others (Other Sequencing). Additionally, self-guided observation and planning (Self Sequencing) activated the cerebellar lobules IV and VIII more than Other Sequencing. Control conditions involving non-social objects and non-sequential conditions where the trajectory did not have to be (re)produced revealed no differences with the main Self and Other Sequencing conditions, suggesting limited social and sequential specificity. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying trajectory observation and production by the self or others during social navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Tom Bylemans
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Qianying Ma
- Language Pathology and Brain Science MEG Lab, School of Communication Sciences, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Elien Heleven
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels 1090, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, the Netherlands
| | - Kris Baetens
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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3
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Xu M, Nikolin S, Samaratunga N, Chow EJH, Loo CK, Martin DM. Cognitive Effects Following Offline High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:250-276. [PMID: 36857011 PMCID: PMC10920443 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) is a commonly used form of rTMS to treat neuropsychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that 'offline' HF-rTMS may have cognitive enhancing effects, although the magnitude and moderators of these effects remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the cognitive effects of offline HF-rTMS in healthy individuals. A literature search for randomised controlled trials with cognitive outcomes for pre and post offline HF-rTMS was performed across five databases up until March 2022. This study was registered on the PROSPERO international prospective protocol for systematic reviews (PROSPERO 2020 CRD 42,020,191,269). The Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in randomised trials. Separate analyses examined the cognitive effects of excitatory and inhibitory forms of offline HF-rTMS on accuracy and reaction times across six cognitive domains. Fifty-three studies (N = 1507) met inclusion criteria. Excitatory offline HF-rTMS showed significant small sized effects for improving accuracy (k = 46, g = 0.12) and reaction time (k = 44, g = -0.13) across all cognitive domains collapsed. Excitatory offline HF-rTMS demonstrated a relatively greater effect for executive functioning in accuracy (k = 24, g = 0.14). Reaction times were also improved for the executive function (k = 21, g = -0.11) and motor (k = 3, g = -0.22) domains following excitatory offline HF-rTMS. The current review was restricted to healthy individuals and future research is required to examine cognitive enhancement from offline HF-rTMS in clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stevan Nikolin
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nisal Samaratunga
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Esther Jia Hui Chow
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colleen K Loo
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Donel M Martin
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia.
- UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Pezzetta R, Gambarota F, Tarantino V, Devita M, Cattaneo Z, Arcara G, Mapelli D, Masina F. A meta-analysis of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) effects on cerebellar-associated cognitive processes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105509. [PMID: 38101590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), have provided valuable insights into the role of the cerebellum in cognitive processes. However, replicating findings from studies involving cerebellar stimulation poses challenges. This meta-analysis investigates the impact of NIBS on cognitive processes associated with the cerebellum. We conducted a systematic search and analyzed 66 studies and 91 experiments involving healthy adults who underwent either TMS or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the cerebellum. The results indicate that anodal tDCS applied to the medial cerebellum enhances cognitive performance. In contrast, high-frequency TMS disrupts cognitive performance when targeting the lateral cerebellar hemispheres or when employed in online protocols. Similarly, low-frequency TMS and continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) diminish performance in offline protocols. Moreover, high-frequency TMS impairs accuracy. By identifying consistent effects and moderators of modulation, this meta-analysis contributes to improving the replicability of studies using NIBS on the cerebellum and provides guidance for future research aimed at developing effective NIBS interventions targeting the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Gambarota
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tarantino
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Devita
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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5
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Viñas-Guasch N, Ng THB, Heng JG, Chan YC, Chew E, Desmond JE, Chen SHA. Cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Impairs Visual Working Memory. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:332-347. [PMID: 35355219 PMCID: PMC9522915 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence points to the involvement of the cerebellum in cognition. Specifically, previous studies have shown that the superior and inferior portions of the cerebellum are involved in different verbal working memory (WM) mechanisms as part of two separate cerebro-cerebellar loops for articulatory rehearsal and phonological storage mechanisms. In comparison, our understanding of the involvement of the cerebellum in visual WM remains limited. We have previously shown that performance in verbal WM is disrupted by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the right superior cerebellum. The present study aimed to expand on this notion by exploring whether the inferior cerebellum is similarly involved in visual WM. Here, we used fMRI-guided, double-pulse TMS to probe the necessity of left superior and left inferior cerebellum in visual WM. We first conducted an fMRI localizer using the Sternberg visual WM task, which yielded targets in left superior and inferior cerebellum. Subsequently, TMS stimulation of these regions at the end of the encoding phase resulted in decreased accuracy in the visual WM task. Differences in the visual WM deficits caused by stimulation of superior and inferior left cerebellum raise the possibility that these regions are involved in different stages of visual WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Viñas-Guasch
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tommy Hock Beng Ng
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiamin Gladys Heng
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Cheun Chan
- Division of Neurology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Effie Chew
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E Desmond
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - S H Annabel Chen
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning (CRADLE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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He J, Zou W, Zhu J, Du H, Fan J, Li X, Zhou Z, Wang R, Zhu X. Cognitive function and neuroimaging characteristics in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3613. [PMID: 36655283 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we used neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging to examine the cognitive functions and neuroimaging characteristics to explore the brain mechanism of cognitive deficits in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 patients with childhood-onset T1DM and 28 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess intelligence quotient, memory, and executive function. Voxel-based morphometry-diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponential lie algebra analysis and amplitude of low-frequent fluctuation (ALFF) were performed to evaluate the brain grey matter volume and neural spontaneous activity for each participant. RESULTS Compared with HC, patients with childhood-onset T1DM showed a significant decline in verbal memory (p = 0.001) and visual memory (p = 0.002). Patients with T1DM had smaller grey matter volumes at the midbrain, thalamus, and cerebellar culmen. They demonstrated an increased ALFF value in the left precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left insula, and left supramarginal gyrus and a decreased ALFF value in the basal ganglia (putamen nucleus), right insula, right superior temporal gyrus, and cerebellar posterior lobe than the healthy control group. In the T1DM group, the ALFF value in the right insula was positively related to the verbal memory scores (r = 0.423, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Childhood-onset T1DM was associated with cognitive deficits and changes in brain structure and function. These findings suggest that the brain structural and functional alterations in these regions may be the neuropathology of cognitive deficits in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Children's Psychological Development and Brain Cognitive Science, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Center for Mental Health Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongyu Du
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- School of Social Sciences, The University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zou W, Song P, Lu W, Shao R, Zhang R, Yau SY, Yuan TF, Wang Y, Lin K. Global hippocampus functional connectivity as a predictive neural marker for conversion to future mood disorder in unaffected offspring of bipolar disorder parents. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 78:103307. [PMID: 36332319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hippocampus-related functional alteration in genetically at-risk individuals may reflect an endophenotype of a mood disorder. Herein, we performed a prospective study to investigate whether baseline hippocampus functional connectivity (FC) in offspring of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) would predict subsequent conversion to mood disorder. METHODS Eighty bipolar offspring and 40 matched normal controls (NC) underwent resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) scanning on a 3.0 Tesla MR scanner. The offspring were subdivided into asymptomatic offspring (AO) (n = 41) and symptomatic offspring (SO) (n = 39) according to whether they manifested subthreshold mood symptoms. After identifying the different hippocampus FCs between the AO and SO, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate whether the baseline hippocampus FCs predicted a future mood disorder during a 6-year follow-up. RESULTS We identified seven baseline para/hippocampus FCs that showed differences between AO and SO, which were entered as predictive features in the logistic regressive model. Of the 80 bipolar offspring entering the analysis, the FCs between left hippocampus and left precuneus, and between right hippocampus and left posterior cingulate, showed a discriminative capacity for predicting future mood disorder (area-under-curve, or AUC=75.76 % and 75.00 % respectively), and for predicting BD onset (AUC=77.46 % and 81.63 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present findings revealed high predictive utility of the hippocampus resting state FCs for future mood disorder and BD onset in individuals at familial risk. These neural markers can potentially improve early detection of individuals carrying particularly high risk for future mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peilun Song
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weicong Lu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robin Shao
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Laboratory of Social Cognitive Affective, Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, No. 17, Shandong Road, Shinan district, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
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8
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Lauffer M, Wen H, Myers B, Plumb A, Parker K, Williams A. Deletion of the voltage-gated calcium channel, Ca V 1.3, causes deficits in motor performance and associative learning. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12791. [PMID: 35044095 PMCID: PMC9744532 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels are important regulators of neuronal activity and are widely expressed throughout the brain. One of the major L-type voltage-gated calcium channel isoforms in the brain is CaV 1.3. Mice lacking CaV 1.3 are reported to have impairments in fear conditioning and depressive-like behaviors, which have been linked to CaV 1.3 function in the hippocampus and amygdala. Genetic variation in CaV 1.3 has been linked to a variety of psychiatric disorders, including autism and schizophrenia, which are associated with altered motor learning, associative learning and social function. Here, we explored whether CaV 1.3 plays a role in these behaviors. We found that CaV 1.3 knockout mice have deficits in rotarod learning despite normal locomotor function. Deletion of CaV 1.3 is also associated with impaired gait adaptation and associative learning on the Erasmus Ladder. We did not observe any impairments in CaV 1.3 knockout mice on assays of anxiety-like, depression-like or social preference behaviors. Our results suggest an important role for CaV 1.3 in neural circuits involved in motor learning and concur with previous data showing its involvement in associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Lauffer
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Hsiang Wen
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Bryn Myers
- Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Ashley Plumb
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Krystal Parker
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Aislinn Williams
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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9
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McAfee SS, Liu Y, Sillitoe RV, Heck DH. Cerebellar Coordination of Neuronal Communication in Cerebral Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 15:781527. [PMID: 35087384 PMCID: PMC8787113 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.781527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive processes involve precisely coordinated neuronal communications between multiple cerebral cortical structures in a task specific manner. Rich new evidence now implicates the cerebellum in cognitive functions. There is general agreement that cerebellar cognitive function involves interactions between the cerebellum and cerebral cortical association areas. Traditional views assume reciprocal interactions between one cerebellar and one cerebral cortical site, via closed-loop connections. We offer evidence supporting a new perspective that assigns the cerebellum the role of a coordinator of communication. We propose that the cerebellum participates in cognitive function by modulating the coherence of neuronal oscillations to optimize communications between multiple cortical structures in a task specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. McAfee
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Detlef H. Heck
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Detlef H. Heck,
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10
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Lee JM, Park J, Lee JH, Kwak HB, No MH, Heo JW, Kim YJ. Low-intensity treadmill exercise protects cognitive impairment by enhancing cerebellar mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:324-330. [PMID: 34805021 PMCID: PMC8566105 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142544.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain representing gradually cognitive impairment. CCH induces mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death in the brain. Exercise is known to have a neuroprotective effect on brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to clarify the neuroprotective effect of low-intensity treadmill exercise (LITE) by enhancing cerebellar mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in an animal model of CCH. Wistar rats were divided into the sham group, the bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) group, and the BCCAO and treadmill exercise (BCCAO+Ex) group. BCCAO+Ex group engaged the LITE on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 8 weeks before the BCCAO surgery to investigate the protective effect of LITE on cognitive impairment. CCH induced by BCCAO resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction in the cerebellum, including impaired calcium homeostasis. CCH also decreased cerebellar Purkinje cells including of calbindin D28k and parvalbumin, resulting in cognitive impairment. The impairment of mitochondrial function, loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, and cognitive dysfunction ameliorated by exercise. The present study showed that LITE hindered the deficit of spatial working memory and loss of Purkinje cell in the cerebellum induced by CCH. We confirmed that the protective effect of LITE on Purkinje cell by enhanced the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity. We suggest that LITE may protect against cognitive impairment, and further studies are needed to develop the intervention for patients who suffered from CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun No
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Heo
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Gatti D, Rinaldi L, Ferreri L, Vecchi T. The Human Cerebellum as a Hub of the Predictive Brain. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1492. [PMID: 34827491 PMCID: PMC8615481 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cerebellum has long been believed to be involved uniquely in sensorimotor processes, recent research works pointed to its participation in a wide range of cognitive predictive functions. Here, we review the available evidence supporting a generalized role of the cerebellum in predictive computation. We then discuss the anatomo-physiological properties that make the cerebellum the ideal hub of the predictive brain. We further argue that cerebellar involvement in cognition may follow a continuous gradient, with higher cerebellar activity occurring for tasks relying more on predictive processes, and outline the empirical scenarios to probe this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.); (T.V.)
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Ferreri
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69767 Lyon, France;
| | - Tomaso Vecchi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.); (T.V.)
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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12
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Gatti D, Rinaldi L, Cristea I, Vecchi T. Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14777. [PMID: 34285287 PMCID: PMC8292349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the cerebellum has been linked to motor coordination, but growing evidence points to its involvement in a wide range of non-motor functions. Though the number of studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate cerebellar involvement in cognitive processes is growing exponentially, these findings have not yet been synthesized in a meta-analysis. Here, we used meta-analysis to estimate the effects of cerebellar TMS on performance in cognitive tasks for healthy participants. Outcomes included participants' accuracy and response times (RTs) of several non-motor tasks performed either during or after the administration of TMS. We included overall 41 studies, of which 44 single experiments reported effects on accuracy and 41 on response times (RTs). The meta-analyses showed medium effect sizes (for accuracy: d = 0.61 [95% CI = 0.48, .073]; for RTs: d = 0.40 [95% CI = 0.30, 0.49]), with leave-one-out analyses indicating that cumulative effects were robust, and with moderate heterogeneity. For both accuracy and RTs, the effect of TMS was moderated by the stimulation paradigm adopted but not by the cognitive function investigated, while the timing of the stimulation moderated only the effects on RTs. Further analyses on lateralization revealed no moderation effects of the TMS site. Taken together, these findings indicate that TMS administered over the cerebellum is able to modulate cognitive performance, affecting accuracy or RTs, and suggest that the various stimulation paradigms play a key role in determining the efficacy of cerebellar TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gatti
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy ,grid.419416.f0000 0004 1760 3107Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ioana Cristea
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tomaso Vecchi
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy ,grid.419416.f0000 0004 1760 3107Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Gatti D, Van Vugt F, Vecchi T. A causal role for the cerebellum in semantic integration: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18139. [PMID: 33097802 PMCID: PMC7584601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the cerebellum, a structure previously linked to motor function, is also involved in a wide range of non-motor processes. It has been proposed that the cerebellum performs the same computational processes in both motor and non-motor domains. Within motor functions, the cerebellum is involved in the integration of signals from multiple systems. Here we hypothesized that cerebellum may be involved in integration within semantic memory as well. Specifically, understanding a noun-adjective combination (e.g. red apple) requires combining the meaning of the adjective (red) with the meaning of the noun (apple). In two experiments, participants were asked to judge whether noun-adjective word-pairs were semantically related (e.g., red apple) or not (e.g., lucky milk) while online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered over the right cerebellum or over a control site (vertex in Experiment 1 and visual cortex in Experiment 2). Cerebellar TMS caused a decrease in participants’ accuracy for related word-pairs while accuracy for unrelated stimuli was not affected. A third experiment using a control task where subjects compared pairs of random letters showed no effect of TMS. Taken together these results indicate that the right cerebellum is involved specifically in the processing of semantically related stimuli. These results are consistent with theories that proposed the existence of a unified cerebellar function within motor and non-motor domains, as well with recent perspectives about cerebellar involvement in semantic memory and predictive cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Floris Van Vugt
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3A1G1, Canada
| | - Tomaso Vecchi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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14
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Hurtado-Puerto AM, Nestor K, Eldaief M, Camprodon JA. Safety Considerations for Cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1169-1190.e1. [PMID: 32674957 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cerebellum is an intricate neural structure that orchestrates various cognitive and behavioral functions. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in neuromodulation of the cerebellum with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for therapeutic and basic science applications. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is an efficient and powerful TMS protocol that is able to induce longer-lasting effects with shorter stimulation times compared with traditional TMS. Parameters for cerebellar TBS are traditionally framed in the bounds of TBS to the cerebral cortex, even when the 2 have distinct histologic, anatomical, and functional characteristics. Tolerability limits have not been systematically explored in the literature for this specific application. Therefore, we aimed to determine the stimulation parameters that have been used for cerebellar. TBS to date and evaluate adverse events and adverse effects related to stimulation parameters. METHODS We used PubMed to perform a critical review of the literature based on a systematic review of original research studies published between September 2008 and November 2019 that reported on cerebellar TBS. We recovered information from these publications and communication with authors about the stimulation parameters used and the occurrence of adverse events. FINDINGS We identified 61 research articles on interventions of TBS to the cerebellum. These articles described 3176 active sessions of cerebellar TBS in 1203 individuals, including healthy participants and patients with various neurologic conditions, including brain injuries. Some studies used substantial doses (eg, pulse intensity and number of pulses) in short periods. No serious adverse events were reported. The specific number of patients who experienced adverse events was established for 48 studies. The risk of an adverse event in this population (n = 885) was 4.1%. Adverse events consisted mostly of discomfort attributable to involuntary muscle contractions. Authors used a variety of methods for calculating stimulation dosages, ranging from the long-established reference of electromyography of a hand muscle to techniques that atone for some of the differences between cerebrum and cerebellum. IMPLICATIONS No serious adverse events have been reported for cerebellar TBS. There is no substantial evidence of a tolerable maximal-efficacy stimulation dose in humans. There is no assurance of equivalence in the translation of cortical excitability and stimulation intensities from the cerebral cortex to cerebellar regions. Further research for the stimulation dose in cerebellar TBS is warranted, along with consistent report of adverse events. © 2020 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura M Hurtado-Puerto
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Centro de Estudios Cerebrales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Kimberly Nestor
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mark Eldaief
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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15
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Hoang DH, Pagnier A, Cousin E, Guichardet K, Schiff I, Icher C, Dilharreguy B, Grill J, Frappaz D, Berger C, Schneider F, Dubois-Teklali F, Krainik A. Anatomo-functional study of the cerebellum in working memory in children treated for medulloblastoma. J Neuroradiol 2019; 46:207-213. [PMID: 30731145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2019.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant cerebral tumor during childhood, arising in the posterior fossa. Children treated for medulloblastoma often experience working memory (WM) deficits, affecting their quality of life and school performance. The aim of the present study undertaken to describe the cerebellar involvement in WM deficits observed in these children. MATERIAL AND METHODS 23 healthy children and 11 children treated for medulloblastoma were included into study. All subjects performed a detailed neuropsychological examination, an anatomical and functional MRI. Stimuli were presented to the participants with alternating sensory modality and nature of communication in a block design during functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions. Non-parametric tests were used for analyzing neuropsychological and behavioral data. SPM8 and SUIT (Spatially Unbiased Atlas Template) were used for anatomical and functional MRI data analyses. RESULTS Patients had cerebellar resections mainly located in the left posterior lobe. Patients had significantly reduced intelligence quotient, central executive and visuospatial WM. In healthy children group, fMRI showed activations for non-verbal and visuospatial WM in the left posterior cerebellar lobe. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that left posterior cerebellar lobe plays a critical role in WM. Indeed, lesions of left posterior cerebellar lobe were associated with WM impairment in children treated for cerebellar medulloblastoma. Additionally, fMRI using WM tasks showed activation in the left posterior cerebellar lobe in healthy children. Taken together, these findings may help for improving treatment and rehabilitation of children referred for cerebellar tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Ha Hoang
- Grenoble institute of neurosciences, Inserm U836, 38000 Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alps, 38000 Grenoble, France; Department of radiology, Viettiep university hospital, Haiphong, Viet Nam
| | - Anne Pagnier
- Department of pediatrics, Grenoble university hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Cousin
- UMS IRMaGe, 38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratoratory of psychology and neurocognition, university Pierre-Mendès, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Karine Guichardet
- Department of pediatrics, Grenoble university hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Schiff
- Department of pediatrics, Grenoble university hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Celine Icher
- Department of pediatrics, Bordeaux university hospital, 38000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jacques Grill
- Department of pediatrics, Gustave-Roussy institute, 38000 Villejuif, France
| | - Didier Frappaz
- Institute of pediatrics haematology and oncology, 38000 Lyon, France
| | - Claire Berger
- Department of pediatrics, Saint-Etienne university hospital, 38000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Fabien Schneider
- Department of neuroradiology, Saint-Etienne university hospital, 38000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - Alexandre Krainik
- Grenoble institute of neurosciences, Inserm U836, 38000 Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alps, 38000 Grenoble, France; UMS IRMaGe, 38000 Grenoble, France; Department of pediatrics, Bordeaux university hospital, 38000 Bordeaux, France; Department of neuroradiology and MRI, Grenoble university hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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16
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Fan L, Hu J, Ma W, Wang D, Yao Q, Shi J. Altered baseline activity and connectivity associated with cognitive impairment following acute cerebellar infarction: A resting-state fMRI study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 692:199-203. [PMID: 30439397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigated the changes of brain function and cognitive function in patients with acute posterior cerebellar infarction using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tecniques: fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC). Forty acute cerebellar infarction patients and 40 healthy controls were included. The differences of fALFF were compared. The regions showed significant differences were set as regions of interest (ROIs), and then the FC values between ROIs and the whole brain were analysed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to understand the correlation between FC values and cognitive function scores. The results showed significant group differences in fALFF values in the four brain regions, including the right frontal lobe, left hippocampus, right cingulate gyrus and cerebellum posterior lobe. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that abnormal alterations in the left hippocampus and right cingulate gyrus may play a core role in the cognitive impairment associated with cerebellar infarction. The changes of fALFF and FC values in related brain area from cerebellar stroke complement and enrich our understanding of cerebellar involvement in cognition involved in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21000, China; Department of Neurology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Wenying Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Donghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Qun Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21000, China.
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17
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Lee JM, Kim CJ, Park JM, Song MK, Kim YJ. Effect of treadmill exercise on spatial navigation impairment associated with cerebellar Purkinje cell loss following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8121-8128. [PMID: 29693705 PMCID: PMC5983984 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to roles in motor coordination, the cerebellum is also associated with cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on spatial navigation deficit induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Furthermore, whether decreased loss of Purkinje cells, which contain the calcium-binding protein in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum, attenuates the spatial navigation deficit induced by CCH was also investigated. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group, bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) group and a BCCAO + exercise (Ex) group. The rats in the BCCAO + Ex group ran on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 8 weeks, starting at 4 weeks post-birth. CCH was induced by performing BCCAO at 12 weeks post-birth. The Morris water maze test was performed to determine the spatial navigation function of the rats. To investigate the histological features of the cerebellum in all of the experimental groups post-treatment, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, as well as immunohistochemical analysis revealing the expression of calbindin, parvalbumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and caspase-3, was performed. The results of the present study revealed that treadmill exercise improved spatial navigation, decreased the expression of reactive astrocytes and microglial cells, and decreased apoptotic rates in the cerebellar vermis post-CCH. Treadmill exercise also attenuated the loss of Purkinje cells following CCH. The number of Purkinje cells was revealed to be negatively correlated with spatial navigation performance. These results indicate that treadmill exercise may attenuate spatial navigation impairment via inhibition of Purkinje cell loss in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum following CCH. Therefore, treadmill exercise may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with spatial navigation impairment following CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Song
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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18
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Rosch RE, Cowell PE, Gurd JM. Cerebellar Asymmetry and Cortical Connectivity in Monozygotic Twins with Discordant Handedness. THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 17:191-203. [PMID: 29063351 PMCID: PMC5849645 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Handedness differentiates patterns of neural asymmetry and interhemispheric connectivity in cortical systems that underpin manual and language functions. Contemporary models of cerebellar function incorporate complex motor behaviour and higher-order cognition, expanding upon earlier, traditional associations between the cerebellum and motor control. Structural MRI defined cerebellar volume asymmetries and correlations with corpus callosum (CC) size were compared in 19 pairs of adult female monozygotic twins strongly discordant for handedness (MZHd). Volume and asymmetry of cerebellar lobules were obtained using automated parcellation.CC area and regional widths were obtained from midsagittal planimetric measurements. Within the cerebellum and CC, neurofunctional distinctions were drawn between motor and higher-order cognitive systems. Relationships amongst regional cerebellar asymmetry and cortical connectivity (as indicated by CC widths) were investigated. Interactions between hemisphere and handedness in the anterior cerebellum were due to a larger right-greater-than-left hemispheric asymmetry in right-handed (RH) compared to left-handed (LH) twins. In LH twins only, anterior cerebellar lobule volumes (IV, V) for motor control were associated with CC size, particularly in callosal regions associated with motor cortex connectivity. Superior posterior cerebellar lobule volumes (VI, Crus I, Crus II, VIIb) showed no correlation with CC size in either handedness group. These novel results reflected distinct patterns of cerebellar-cortical relationships delineated by specific CC regions and an anterior-posterior cerebellar topographical mapping. Hence, anterior cerebellar asymmetry may contribute to the greater degree of bilateral cortical organisation of frontal motor function in LH individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Rosch
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P E Cowell
- Department of Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, 362 Mushroom Lane, Sheffield, S10 2TS, UK.
| | - J M Gurd
- Department of Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, 362 Mushroom Lane, Sheffield, S10 2TS, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Samson M, Claassen DO. Neurodegeneration and the Cerebellum. NEURODEGENER DIS 2017; 17:155-165. [DOI: 10.1159/000460818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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20
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Sobczak-Edmans M, Ng THB, Chan YC, Chew E, Chuang KH, Chen SHA. Temporal dynamics of visual working memory. Neuroimage 2015; 124:1021-1030. [PMID: 26427643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the human cerebellum in working memory has been well established in the last decade. However, the cerebro-cerebellar network for visual working memory is not as well defined. Our previous fMRI study showed superior and inferior cerebellar activations during a block design visual working memory task, but specific cerebellar contributions to cognitive processes in encoding, maintenance and retrieval have not yet been established. The current study examined cerebellar contributions to each of the components of visual working memory and presence of cerebellar hemispheric laterality was investigated. 40 young adults performed a Sternberg visual working memory task during fMRI scanning using a parametric paradigm. The contrast between high and low memory load during each phase was examined. We found that the most prominent activation was observed in vermal lobule VIIIb and bilateral lobule VI during encoding. Using a quantitative laterality index, we found that left-lateralized activation of lobule VIIIa was present in the encoding phase. In the maintenance phase, there was bilateral lobule VI and right-lateralized lobule VIIb activity. Changes in activation in right lobule VIIIa were present during the retrieval phase. The current results provide evidence that superior and inferior cerebellum contributes to visual working memory, with a tendency for left-lateralized activations in the inferior cerebellum during encoding and right-lateralized lobule VIIb activations during maintenance. The results of the study are in agreement with Baddeley's multi-component working memory model, but also suggest that stored visual representations are additionally supported by maintenance mechanisms that may employ verbal coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sobczak-Edmans
- Division of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - T H B Ng
- Division of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Y C Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - E Chew
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - K H Chuang
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia; The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - S H A Chen
- Division of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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21
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Peterburs J, Cheng DT, Desmond JE. The Association Between Eye Movements and Cerebellar Activation in a Verbal Working Memory Task. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:3802-13. [PMID: 26286918 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been argued that cerebellar activations during cognitive tasks may masquerade as cognition, while actually reflecting processes related to movement planning or motor learning. The present study investigated whether the cerebellar load effect for verbal working memory, that is, increased activations in lobule VI/Crus I and lobule VIIB/VIIIA, is related to eye movements and oculomotor processing. Fifteen participants performed an fMRI-based Sternberg verbal working memory task. Oculomotor and cognitive task demands were manipulated by using closely and widely spaced stimuli, and high and low cognitive load. Trial-based quantitative eye movement parameters were obtained from concurrent eye tracking. Conventional MRI analysis replicated the cerebellar load effect in lobules VI and VIIB/VIIIa. With quantitative eye movement parameters as regressors, analysis yielded very similar activation patterns. While load effect and eye regressor generally recruited spatially distinct neocortical and cerebellar regions, conjunction analysis showed that a small subset of prefrontal areas implicated in the load effect also responded to the eye regressor. The present results indicate that cognitive load-dependent activations in lateral superior and posteroinferior cerebellar regions in the Sternberg task are independent of eye movements occurring during stimulus encoding. This is inconsistent with the notion that cognitive load-dependent cerebellar activations merely reflect oculomotor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Peterburs
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dominic T Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John E Desmond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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22
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Rao C, Singh NC. Visuospatial complexity modulates reading in the brain. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 141:50-61. [PMID: 25528288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive processing of orthographic visuospatial complexity was examined through fMRI-based overt naming (n=16) of phonologically transparent, high and low frequency Hindi/Devanagari words that were visually simple (पालक, चातक) or complex (, चकली). Participants' overt behavior was modestly influenced by visuospatial complexity (accuracy: main effect p=.01, complexity×frequency interaction p<.07), while neuroimaging data revealed a robust effect of complexity (main effect FWE p<10(-4), complexity×frequency interaction FWE p<7×10(-8)). Interaction-based RoIs showed higher BOLD response in the VWFA to complex and left posterior temporal cortex to simple words, with greater right lingual de-activation to complex than simple words. Subtractions confirmed additional recruitment of VWFA, right frontal, inferior orbitofrontal, mid-temporal pole and left cerebellum by visuospatially complex over simple words. Finally, low frequency words activated bilateral occipital and putamen areas, left IPL, SPL, IFG and VWFA, suggesting that effortful phonological processing in alphasyllabic Hindi/Devanagari requires neural resources specialized for both visuospatially simple and complex orthographies.
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