1
|
Shang NY, Huang LJ, Lan JQ, Kang YY, Tang JS, Wang HY, Li XN, Sun Z, Chen QY, Liu MY, Wen ZP, Feng XH, Wu L, Peng Y. PHPB ameliorates memory deficits and reduces oxidative injury in Alzheimer's disease mouse model by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1142-1159. [PMID: 38409216 PMCID: PMC11130211 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people and substantially affects patient quality of life. Oxidative stress is considered a key factor in the development of AD. Nrf2 plays a vital role in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating neuroinflammatory responses in AD. Previous studies show that potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB) exerts neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment in a variety of dementia animal models such as APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In this study we investigated whether PHPB ameriorated the progression of AD by reducing oxidative stress (OS) damage. Both 5- and 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered PHPB (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 10 weeks. After the cognition assessment, the mice were euthanized, and the left hemisphere of the brain was harvested for analyses. We showed that 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice already exhibited impaired performance in the step-down test, and knockdown of Nrf2 gene only slightly increased the impairment, while knockdown of Nrf2 gene in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice resulted in greatly worse performance. PHPB administration significantly ameliorated the cognition impairments and enhanced antioxidative capacity in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, PHPB administration significantly increased the p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 in APP/PS1 mice, but these changes were abolished by knockdown of Nrf2 gene. In SK-N-SH APPwt cells and primary mouse neurons, PHPB (10 μM) significantly increased the p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios and the level of Nrf2, which were blocked by knockdown of Nrf2 gene. In summary, this study demonstrates that PHPB exerts a protective effect via the Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway and it might be a promising neuroprotective agent for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Long-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia-Qi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu-Ying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing-Shu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zi-Peng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Hong Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang L, Zhang H, Liao Y, Zhou S, Yang Y, Zhang M, Guo Y, Xie T, Chen S, Ouyang W, Lin X, Wang S, Huang C, Zhang M, Zhuang J, Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhang C, Jin Z, Hu J, Liu Z. Chronic Sleep Deprivation Impairs Visual Functions via Oxidative Damage in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:307-320. [PMID: 38245252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a global public health burden, and has a detrimental role in the nervous system. Retina is an important part of the central nervous system; however, whether SD affects retinal structures and functions remains largely unknown. Herein, chronic SD mouse model indicated that loss of sleep for 4 months could result in reductions in the visual functions, but without obvious morphologic changes of the retina. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscope revealed the deterioration of mitochondria, which was accompanied with the decrease of multiple mitochondrial proteins in the retina. Mechanistically, oxidative stress was provoked by chronic SD, which could be ameliorated after rest, and thus restore retinal homeostasis. Moreover, the supplementation of two antioxidants, α-lipoic acid and N-acetyl-l-cysteine, could reduce retinal reactive oxygen species, repair damaged mitochondria, and, as a result, improve the retinal functions. Overall, this work demonstrated the essential roles of sleep in maintaining the integrity and health of the retina. More importantly, it points towards supplementation of antioxidants as an effective intervention strategy for people experiencing sleep shortages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Tang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Houjian Zhang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mouxin Zhang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuli Guo
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tingyu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shikun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weijie Ouyang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaopan Wang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihong Huang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingbin Zhuang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiankai Zhao
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Zibing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mishra V, Yadav D, Solanki KS, Koul B, Song M. A Review on the Protective Effects of Probiotics against Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 38248439 PMCID: PMC10813289 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the protective effects of probiotics against Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting older adults. This disease is characterized by the deposition of tau and amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in different parts of the brain. Symptoms observed in patients with AD include struggles with writing, speech, memory, and knowledge. The gut microbiota reportedly plays an important role in brain functioning due to its bidirectional communication with the gut via the gut-brain axis. The emotional and cognitive centers in the brain are linked to the functions of the peripheral intestinal system via this gut-brain axis. Dysbiosis has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, indicating the significance of gut homeostasis for proper brain function. Probiotics play an important role in protecting against the symptoms of AD as they restore gut-brain homeostasis to a great extent. This review summarizes the characteristics, status of gut-brain axis, and significance of gut microbiota in AD. Review and research articles related to the role of probiotics in the treatment of AD were searched in the PubMed database. Recent studies conducted using animal models were given preference. Recent clinical trials were searched for separately. Several studies conducted on animal and human models clearly explain the benefits of probiotics in improving cognition and memory in experimental subjects. Based on these studies, novel therapeutic approaches can be designed for the treatment of patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Mishra
- School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474003, India;
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kavita Singh Solanki
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Bhupendra Koul
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seike T, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Impact of common ALDH2 inactivating mutation and alcohol consumption on Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223977. [PMID: 37693648 PMCID: PMC10483235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix that plays a central role in alcohol and aldehyde metabolism. A common ALDH2 polymorphism in East Asians descent (called ALDH2*2 or E504K missense variant, SNP ID: rs671), present in approximately 8% of the world's population, has been associated with a variety of diseases. Recent meta-analyses support the relationship between this ALDH2 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). And AD-like pathology observed in ALDH2-/- null mice and ALDH2*2 overexpressing transgenic mice indicate that ALDH2 deficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the worldwide increase in alcohol consumption has drawn attention to the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and AD. Of potential clinical significance, chronic administration of alcohol in ALDH2*2/*2 knock-in mice exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms. Therefore, ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption likely play an important role in the onset and progression of AD. Here, we review the data on the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism, alcohol, and AD, and summarize what is currently known about the role of the common ALDH2 inactivating mutation, ALDH2*2, and alcohol in the onset and progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghasemi M, Roshandel E, Mohammadian M, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Shamsasenjan K. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived secretome-based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: overview of clinical trials. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:122. [PMID: 37143147 PMCID: PMC10161443 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted a great deal of scientific attention owing to their promising results in the treatment of incurable diseases. However, there are several concerns about their possible side effects after direct cell transplantation, including host immune response, time-consuming cell culture procedures, and the dependence of cell quality on the donor, which limit the application of MSCs in clinical trials. On the other hand, it is well accepted that the beneficial effects of MSCs are mediated by secretome rather than cell replacement. MSC secretome refers to a variety of bioactive molecules involved in different biological processes, specifically neuro-regeneration. MAIN BODY Due to the limited ability of the central nervous system to compensate for neuronal loss and relieve disease progress, mesenchymal stem cell products may be used as a potential cure for central nervous system disorders. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of MSC secretome were reviewed and discussed the possible mechanisms in the three most prevalent central nervous system disorders, namely Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. The current work aimed to help discover new medicine for the mentioned complications. CONCLUSION The use of MSC-derived secretomes in the treatment of the mentioned diseases has encouraging results, so it can be considered as a treatment option for which no treatment has been introduced so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Roshandel
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Mohammadian
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Atlante A, Amadoro G, Latina V, Valenti D. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Mitochondria for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6742. [PMID: 36431219 PMCID: PMC9697019 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by memory and cognitive impairment and by the accumulation in the brain of abnormal proteins, more precisely beta-amyloid (β-amyloid or Aβ) and Tau proteins. Studies aimed at researching pharmacological treatments against AD have focused precisely on molecules capable, in one way or another, of preventing/eliminating the accumulations of the aforementioned proteins. Unfortunately, more than 100 years after the discovery of the disease, there is still no effective therapy in modifying the biology behind AD and nipping the disease in the bud. This state of affairs has made neuroscientists suspicious, so much so that for several years the idea has gained ground that AD is not a direct neuropathological consequence taking place downstream of the deposition of the two toxic proteins, but rather a multifactorial disease, including mitochondrial dysfunction as an early event in the pathogenesis of AD, occurring even before clinical symptoms. This is the reason why the search for pharmacological agents capable of normalizing the functioning of these subcellular organelles of vital importance for nerve cells is certainly to be considered a promising approach to the design of effective neuroprotective drugs aimed at preserving this organelle to arrest or delay the progression of the disease. Here, our intent is to provide an updated overview of the mitochondrial alterations related to this disorder and of the therapeutic strategies (both natural and synthetic) targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via G. Amendola122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Valenti
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via G. Amendola122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mesenchymal stem cells after the proprocessing of tanshinone IIA attenuate cognitive deficits and oxidative stress injury in an amyloid β-peptide (25-35)-induced rodent model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 2021; 33:61-71. [PMID: 34954772 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify whether mesenchymal stem cells cocultured with tanshinone IIA may ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting oxidative stress. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups named Sham, Aβ25-35, mesenchymal stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (tanshinone IIA). The rats were treated according to different groups. The neurobehavioral performance of Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated via Morris water maze test. Histological changes were checked via hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of total antioxidant activity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde in hippocampus were assayed by ELISA kit. The levels of Aβ, p-tau/tau, and p-AMP-activated protein kinase/AMP-activated protein kinase in hippocampus were checked by Western blot. RESULTS Our research showed that the injection of mesenchymal stem cells (tanshinone IIA) into the hippocampus alleviated learning and memory deficits and reduced hippocampal neuronal injury in the Alzheimer's disease rats. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (tanshinone IIA) treatment suppressed oxidative stress, attenuated Aβ accumulation reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation, and enhanced the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase in the hippocampus of the Alzheimer's disease rats. However, there were almost no significant difference between the mesenchymal stem cells and Aβ25-35 groups. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells (tanshinone IIA) transplantation may be a potential treatment for curing Alzheimer's disease, which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
8
|
Probiotics for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010020. [PMID: 35010895 PMCID: PMC8746506 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders affecting mostly the elderly. It is characterized by the presence of Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), resulting in cognitive and memory impairment. Research shows that alteration in gut microbial diversity and defects in gut brain axis are linked to AD. Probiotics are known to be one of the best preventative measures against cognitive decline in AD. Numerous in vivo trials and recent clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of selected bacterial strains in slowing down the progression of AD. It is proven that probiotics modulate the inflammatory process, counteract with oxidative stress, and modify gut microbiota. Thus, this review summarizes the current evidence, diversity of bacterial strains, defects of gut brain axis in AD, harmful bacterial for AD, and the mechanism of action of probiotics in preventing AD. A literature search on selected databases such as PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Nature, and Springer link have identified potentially relevant articles to this topic. However, upon consideration of inclusion criteria and the limitation of publication year, only 22 articles have been selected to be further reviewed. The search query includes few sets of keywords as follows. (1) Probiotics OR gut microbiome OR microbes AND (2) Alzheimer OR cognitive OR aging OR dementia AND (3) clinical trial OR in vivo OR animal study. The results evidenced in this study help to clearly illustrate the relationship between probiotic supplementation and AD. Thus, this systematic review will help identify novel therapeutic strategies in the future as probiotics are free from triggering any adverse effects in human body.
Collapse
|
9
|
Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:383. [PMID: 34753929 PMCID: PMC8578673 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases. In addition, we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human health and diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.
Collapse
|
10
|
Aghazadeh A, Feizi MAH, Fanid LM, Ghanbari M, Roshangar L. Effects of Hyperthermia on TRPV1 and TRPV4 Channels Expression and Oxidative Markers in Mouse Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1453-1465. [PMID: 32661579 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress increases the core body temperature through the pathogenic process. The pathogenic process leads to the release of free radicals, such as superoxide production. Heat stress in the central nervous system (CNS) can cause neuronal damage and symptoms such as delirium, coma, and convulsion. TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid1) and TRPV4 genes are members of the TRPV family, including integral membrane proteins that act as calcium-permeable channels. These channels act as thermosensors and have essential roles in the cellular regulation of heat responses. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of general heat stress on the expression of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels. Furthermore, oxidative markers were measured in the brain of the same heat-stressed mice. Our results show that heat stress leads to a significant upregulation of TRPV1 expression within 21-42 days, while TRPV4 expression decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner. Alterations in the oxidative markers were also observed in the heat-stressed mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Aghazadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Bolvard, Tabriz, 51555, Iran
| | | | - Leila Mehdizadeh Fanid
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Bolvard, Tabriz, 51555, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Department of Anatomical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Extracellular Vesicles under Oxidative Stress Conditions: Biological Properties and Physiological Roles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071763. [PMID: 34359933 PMCID: PMC8306565 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physio-pathological conditions, cells release membrane-surrounded structures named Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which convey their molecular cargo to neighboring or distant cells influencing their metabolism. Besides their involvement in the intercellular communication, EVs might represent a tool used by cells to eliminate unnecessary/toxic material. Here, we revised the literature exploring the link between EVs and redox biology. The first proof of this link derives from evidence demonstrating that EVs from healthy cells protect target cells from oxidative insults through the transfer of antioxidants. Oxidative stress conditions influence the release and the molecular cargo of EVs that, in turn, modulate the redox status of target cells. Oxidative stress-related EVs exert both beneficial or harmful effects, as they can carry antioxidants or ROS-generating enzymes and oxidized molecules. As mediators of cell-to-cell communication, EVs are also implicated in the pathophysiology of oxidative stress-related diseases. The review found evidence that numerous studies speculated on the role of EVs in redox signaling and oxidative stress-related pathologies, but few of them unraveled molecular mechanisms behind this complex link. Thus, the purpose of this review is to report and discuss this evidence, highlighting that the analysis of the molecular content of oxidative stress-released EVs (reminiscent of the redox status of originating cells), is a starting point for the use of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in oxidative stress-related diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mi Y, Qi G, Brinton RD, Yin F. Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease: The Good, the Bad, the Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:611-630. [PMID: 32143551 PMCID: PMC7891225 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. Thus far, 99.6% of clinical trials, including those targeting energy metabolism, have failed to exert disease-modifying efficacy. Altered mitochondrial function and disruption to the brain bioenergetic system have long-been documented as early events during the pathological progression of AD. Recent Advances: While therapeutic approaches that directly promote mitochondrial bioenergetic machinery or eliminate reactive oxygen species have exhibited limited translatability, emerging strategies targeting nonenergetic aspects of mitochondria provide novel therapeutic targets with the potential to modify AD risk and progression. Growing evidence also reveals a critical link between mitochondrial phenotype and neuroinflammation via metabolic reprogramming of glial cells. Critical Issues: Herein, we summarize major classes of mitochondrion-centered AD therapeutic strategies. In addition, the discrepancy in their efficacy when translated from preclinical models to clinical trials is addressed. Key factors that differentiate the responsiveness to bioenergetic interventions, including sex, apolipoprotein E genotype, and cellular diversity in the brain, are discussed. Future Directions: We propose that the future development of mitochondria-targeted AD therapeutics should consider the interactions between bioenergetics and other disease mechanisms, which may require cell-type-specific targeting to distinguish neurons and non-neuronal cells. Moreover, a successful strategy will likely include stratification by metabolic phenotype, which varies by sex and genetic risk profile and dynamically changes throughout the course of disease. As the network of mitochondrial integration expands across intracellular and systems level biology, assessment of intended, the good, versus unintended consequences, the bad, will be required to reach the potential of mitochondrial therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Mi
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Guoyuan Qi
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Fei Yin
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effects of Amyloid Precursor Protein Overexpression on NF-κB, Rho-GTPase and Pro-Apoptosis Bcl-2 Pathways in Neuronal Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 9:417-425. [PMID: 33969135 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.9.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes cognitive dysfunction. Previous studies have suggested that amyloid plaques, mainly comprising of amyloid-beta peptides, play a pivotal role in AD pathophysiology. This study focuses on the evaluation of the effects of amyloid precursor protein (APP) overexpression on NF-κB, Rho-GTPase and Bcl-2 mediated pro-apoptotic pathways in neuronal cells. Methods A lentiviral transduction system was used to generate SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing APP. Immunoblotting was conducted to determine expression levels of NF-κB, Rho-GTPase, and Bcl-2 family proteins in the APP overexpressed cells. Results In the NF-κB signaling pathway, APP-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells showed that there was a reduction of p-NF-κB (p< 0.05) and IKKα. Subsequently, there was upregulation of protein expression of NF-Κb, IKKβ and IκBα. On the other hand, protein expression of RhoC (p< 0.05) and Rac1/2/3 was upregulated as compared to the control group. Meanwhile, a decrease in RhoA, Cdc42 (p< 0.05) and p-Rac1/cdc42 protein levels was observed in the APP-overexpressed group. Lastly, in the pro-apoptotic pathway, the expression of Bcl-2, Bid, Bok and Puma (p< 0.05) was up regulated in the APP-overexpressed group. Downregulation of Bad and Bim expression was observed in the APP-overexpressed as compared to the control group, and Bax expression remained unchanged in the APP-overexpressed group. Conclusion APP overexpression regulated signaling in the NF-κB, Rho-GTPase and Bcl-2 family pathways in neuronal cells, suggesting that these are involved in promoting neuronal survival and modulating synaptic plasticity in AD. However, further studies are essential to elucidate the APP-mediated mechanism of action.
Collapse
|
14
|
Krivanek TJ, Gale SA, McFeeley BM, Nicastri CM, Daffner KR. Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:871-920. [PMID: 33935078 PMCID: PMC8293659 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making this a good time to take stock of the field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age to late life, some experts have questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need to at least make provisional recommendations to patients based on the highest quality data available. Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science studies, human proof-of-concept studies, and human intervention studies can provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing cognitive reserve and preventing loss of cognitive capacity. Many of the suggestions made in 2010 have been supported by additional research. Importantly, there is a growing consensus among major health organizations about recommendations to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy cognitive aging. Regular physical activity and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have been supported by all of these organizations. Most organizations have also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, addressing sensory deficits, and protecting the brain against physical and toxic damage also have been endorsed, although less consistently. In this update, we review the evidence for each of these recommendations and offer practical advice about behavior-change techniques to help patients adopt brain-healthy behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Krivanek
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany M. McFeeley
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey M. Nicastri
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beeraka NM, Doreswamy SH, Sadhu SP, Srinivasan A, Pragada RR, Madhunapantula SV, Aliev G. The Role of Exosomes in Stemness and Neurodegenerative Diseases-Chemoresistant-Cancer Therapeutics and Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186818. [PMID: 32957534 PMCID: PMC7555629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes exhibit a wide range of biological properties and functions in the living organisms. They are nanometric vehicles and used for delivering drugs, as they are biocompatible and minimally immunogenic. Exosomal secretions derived from cancer cells contribute to metastasis, immortality, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, stemness and chemo/radio-resistance. Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lnc RNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, astrocytes, macrophages, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are involved in the cancer progression and stemness as they induce chemotherapeutic drug resistance in several cancer cells. This review covered the recent research advances in understanding the role of exosomes in cancer progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness and drug resistance by illustrating the modulatory effects of exosomal cargo (ex. miRNA, lncRNAs, etc.) on cell signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and cancer stem cell growth and development. Recent reports have implicated exosomes even in the treatment of several cancers. For instance, exosomes-loaded with novel anti-cancer drugs such as phytochemicals, tumor-targeting proteins, anticancer peptides, nucleic acids are known to interfere with drug resistance pathways in several cancer cell lines. In addition, this review depicted the need to develop exosome-based novel diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of cancers and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, the role of exosomes in stroke and oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also discussed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (N.M.B.); (S.H.D.)
| | - Shalini H. Doreswamy
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (N.M.B.); (S.H.D.)
| | - Surya P. Sadhu
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.P.S.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Asha Srinivasan
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Division of Nanoscience and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeswara Rao Pragada
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.P.S.); (R.R.P.)
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (S.V.M.); or (G.A.); Tel.: +1-440-263-7461 or +7-964-493-1515 (G.A.)
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (S.V.M.); or (G.A.); Tel.: +1-440-263-7461 or +7-964-493-1515 (G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen S, Jiang Q, Huang P, Hu C, Shen H, Schachner M, Zhao W. The L1 cell adhesion molecule affects protein kinase D1 activity in the cerebral cortex in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:141-150. [PMID: 32540419 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive deficits resulting from neuronal cell death. In search for the molecular underpinnings of the disease, we were interested in the relationship between Aβ, L1 cell adhesion molecule and protein kinase D1 (PKD1), which are not only implicated in neural development and functional maintenance in the adult, but are also neuroprotective under pathological conditions. Based on our observations that L1 and phosphorylated, i.e. activated, protein kinase PKD1 (pPKD1) co-localize in cultured neurons, we investigated the functional relationship between L1 and pPKD1 in the frontal lobe of an AD human cortical tissue microarray, and found increased and positively correlating levels of both molecules when compared to a non-affected human brain. Also in the APPSWE mouse model of AD, L1 and pPKD1 levels were increased in the frontal lobe. To investigate whether L1 influences PKD1-based functions in AD, cultured cortical neurons were stressed with either H2O2 or oligomeric Aβ1-42, in the presence or absence of recombinant L1 extracellular domain, and PKD1 phosphorylation was measured. As indicated by the cell viability assay, L1 maintained neuronal survival under oxidative stress and under application of oligomeric Aβ1-42, when PKD1 activity was inhibited, suggesting that L1 ameliorates some aspects of Aβ1-42 pathology in parallel with reducing PKD1 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Chen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhi Huang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Hu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifan Shen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China; Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Michalska P, Mayo P, Fernández-Mendívil C, Tenti G, Duarte P, Buendia I, Ramos MT, López MG, Menéndez JC, León R. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Profiles of Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080650. [PMID: 32708053 PMCID: PMC7463999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic and irreversible pathological process that has become the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Currently, it is considered a multifactorial disease where oxidative stress and chronic neuroinflammation play a crucial role in its onset and development. Its characteristic neuronal loss has been related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles mainly composed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein is related to the over-activity of GSK-3β, a kinase that participates in several pathological mechanisms including neuroinflammation. Neuronal loss is also related to cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation that triggers apoptosis and free radicals production, contributing to oxidative damage and, finally, neuronal death. Under these premises, we have obtained a new family of 4,7-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3–b]pyridines as multitarget directed ligands showing potent antioxidant properties and able to scavenge both oxygen and nitrogen radical species, and also, with anti-inflammatory properties. Further characterization has demonstrated their capacity to inhibit GSK-3β and to block L-type voltage dependent calcium channels. Novel derivatives have also demonstrated an interesting neuroprotective profile on in vitro models of neurodegeneration. Finally, compound 4g revokes cellular death induced by tau hyperphosphorylation in hippocampal slices by blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In conclusion, the multitarget profile exhibited by these compounds is a novel therapeutic strategy of potential interest in the search of novel treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (P.M.); (C.F.-M.); (P.D.); (I.B.); (M.G.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Mayo
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (P.M.); (C.F.-M.); (P.D.); (I.B.); (M.G.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Mendívil
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (P.M.); (C.F.-M.); (P.D.); (I.B.); (M.G.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giammarco Tenti
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.T.); (M.T.R.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Pablo Duarte
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (P.M.); (C.F.-M.); (P.D.); (I.B.); (M.G.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (P.M.); (C.F.-M.); (P.D.); (I.B.); (M.G.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Ramos
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.T.); (M.T.R.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Manuela G. López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (P.M.); (C.F.-M.); (P.D.); (I.B.); (M.G.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.T.); (M.T.R.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (P.M.); (C.F.-M.); (P.D.); (I.B.); (M.G.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-914-972-766
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alam J, Sharma L. Potential Enzymatic Targets in Alzheimer's: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:316-339. [PMID: 30124150 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180820104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, a degenerative cause of the brain cells, is called as a progressive neurodegenerative disease and appears to have a heterogeneous etiology with main emphasis on amyloid-cascade and hyperphosphorylated tau-cascade hypotheses, that are directly linked with macromolecules called enzymes such as β- & γ-secretases, colinesterases, transglutaminases, and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3), cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk-5), microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK). The catalytic activity of the above enzymes is the result of cognitive deficits, memory impairment and synaptic dysfunction and loss, and ultimately neuronal death. However, some other enzymes also lead to these dysfunctional events when reduced to their normal activities and levels in the brain, such as α- secretase, protein kinase C, phosphatases etc; metabolized to neurotransmitters, enzymes like monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) etc. or these abnormalities can occur when enzymes act by other mechanisms such as phosphodiesterase reduces brain nucleotides (cGMP and cAMP) levels, phospholipase A2: PLA2 is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production etc. On therapeutic fronts, several significant clinical trials are underway by targeting different enzymes for development of new therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's, such as inhibitors for β-secretase, GSK-3, MAO, phosphodiesterase, PLA2, cholinesterases etc, modulators of α- & γ-secretase activities and activators for protein kinase C, sirtuins etc. The last decades have perceived an increasing focus on findings and search for new putative and novel enzymatic targets for Alzheimer's. Here, we review the functions, pathological roles, and worth of almost all the Alzheimer's associated enzymes that address to therapeutic strategies and preventive approaches for treatment of Alzheimer's.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Alam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., Pin 173229, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., Pin 173229, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Berkowitz BA, Podolsky RH, Childers KL, Gow A, Schneider BL, Lloyd SC, Bosse KE, Conti AC, Roberts R, Berri AM, Graffice E, Sinan K, Eliwat W, Shen Y. Age-related murine hippocampal CA1 laminae oxidative stress measured in vivo by QUEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI: impact of isoflurane anesthesia. GeroScience 2020; 42:563-574. [PMID: 31981008 PMCID: PMC7205849 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related impairments in spatial learning and memory often precede non-familial neurodegenerative disease. Ex vivo studies suggest that physiologic age-related oxidative stress in hippocampus area CA1 may contribute to prodromal spatial disorientation and to morbidity. Yet, conventional blood or cerebrospinal fluid assays appear insufficient for early detection or management of oxidative stress within CA1 sub-regions in vivo. Here, we address this biomarker problem using a non-invasive MRI index of CA1 laminae oxidative stress based on reduction in R1 (= 1/T1) after anti-oxidant administration. An R1 reduction reflects quenching of continuous and excessive production of endogenous paramagnetic free radicals. Careful motion-correction image acquisition, and avoiding repeated exposure to isoflurane, facilitates detection of hippocampus CA1 laminae oxidative stress with QUEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI. Intriguingly, age- and isoflurane-related oxidative stress is localized to the stratum lacunosum of the CA1 region. Our data raise the possibility of using QUEST MRI and FDA-approved anti-oxidants to remediate spatial disorientation and later neurodegeneration with age in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Robert H Podolsky
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | | | - Alexander Gow
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Brandy L Schneider
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Deptarment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Scott C Lloyd
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Deptarment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kelly E Bosse
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Deptarment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Alana C Conti
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Deptarment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robin Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ali M Berri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Emma Graffice
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kenan Sinan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Waleed Eliwat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu H, Ge W, Chen W, Kong X, Jian W, Wang A. Association between ALDH2 Gene Polymorphism and Late-onset Alzheimer Disease: An Up-to-date Meta-analysis. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:105-111. [PMID: 32183676 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200317102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous case-control studies have focused on the relationship between ALDH2 gene polymorphism and late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD), but no definite unified conclusion has been reached. Therefore, the correlation between ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and LOAD remains controversial. To analyze the correlation between ALDH2 polymorphism and the risk of LOAD, we implemented this up-to-date meta-analysis to assess the probable association. METHODS Studies were searched through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, China Biology Medicine, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinical- Trials.gov, Embase, and MEDLINE from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2018, without any restrictions on language and ethnicity. RESULTS Five studies of 1057 LOAD patients and 1136 healthy controls met our criteria for the analysis. Statistically, the ALDH2 GA/AA genotype was not linked with raising LOAD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96-2.28, p = 0.07). In subgroup analysis, the phenomenon that men with ALDH2*2 had higher risk for LOAD (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.10-2.67, p = 0.02) was observed. CONCLUSION This study comprehends only five existing case-control studies and the result is negative. The positive trend might appear when the sample size is enlarged. In the future, more large-scale casecontrol or cohort studies should be done to enhance the association between ALDH2 polymorphism and AD or other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xue Kong
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Weiming Jian
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Anhui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Military Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El-Shamarka MES, Sayed RH, Assaf N, Zeidan HM, Hashish AF. Combined neurotoxic effects of cannabis and nandrolone decanoate in adolescent male rats. Neurotoxicology 2020; 76:114-125. [PMID: 31704101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polydrug use among adolescence is a widespread phenomenon and has increased in the last few years. In particular, most nandrolone decanoate (Nan) abusers combine its use with cannabis (Can); thus, studying the consequences of this combination in adolescent subjects is important because potentiation of their effects may increase their neurotoxicity. The present study was designed to study the neurotoxic effects of Nan and Can, alone and in combination, in adolescent male rats by studying the behavioural, biochemical, and histopathological effects. Nan (15 mg/kg, s.c.) and Can (20 mg/kg, s.c.) were given alone or in combination to rats once daily for one month. The combined administration of Can and Nan induced learning and spatial memory deficits, hypo-locomotion, anxiety and aggression in adolescent rats as evidenced by the Morris water maze, open field, elevated plus maze, and defensive aggression tests. In parallel, rats treated with the combination showed severe deleterious effects in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) neural architecture along with a decrease in brain-derived neurotropic factor. Furthermore, combined administration of Can and Nan increased oxidative stress (significantly increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and reduced glutathione content), elevated brain pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta), and upregulated caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 mRNA expression and cytochrome c levels. In conclusion, abuse of both Can and Nan conferred greater neurotoxic effects than either drug alone that were at least partially attributed to oxidative stress, inflammation, and intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis in the hippocampus and PFC of rats.
Collapse
|
22
|
Leong YQ, Ng KY, Chye SM, Ling APK, Koh RY. Mechanisms of action of amyloid-beta and its precursor protein in neuronal cell death. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:11-30. [PMID: 31811496 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are the neuropathological findings of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the main component of senile plaques, the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, and its derivative called amyloid precursor protein (APP) both have been found to place their central roles in AD development for years. However, the recent therapeutics have yet to reverse or halt this disease. Previous evidence demonstrates that the accumulation of Aβ peptides and APP can exert neurotoxicity and ultimately neuronal cell death. Hence, we discuss the mechanisms of excessive production of Aβ peptides and APP serving as pathophysiologic stimuli for the initiation of various cell signalling pathways including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis and autophagy which lead to neuronal cell death. Conversely, the activation of such pathways could also result in the abnormal generation of APP and Aβ peptides. An elucidation of actions of APP and its metabolite, Aβ, could be vital in suggesting novel therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qi Leong
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jahangiri Z, Gholamnezhad Z, Hosseini M. The effects of exercise on hippocampal inflammatory cytokine levels, brain oxidative stress markers and memory impairments induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1157-1169. [PMID: 30937699 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The exercise effects on behavioral tests, hippocampal and cortical oxidative stress, and hippocampal inflammatory cytokines of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered rats were investigated. The rats were divided into four groups (N = 8): (1) control; (2) moderate training (MT, 15 m/min, 30 min/day, 9 weeks); (3) LPS (1 mg/kg LPS) and (4) LPS + MT (1 mg/kg LPS; 15 m/min, 30 min/day, 9 weeks). LPS was injected 2 h before the behavioral experiments during the last week of training. Finally, the rats' brain were removed for biochemical assessments. LPS increased escape latency and traveled distance to reach the platform in Morris water maze (MWM) test (P < 0.05-P < 0.001). In the passive avoidance (PA) test, LPS decreased the latency to enter the dark compartment and the time spent in the light compartment and increased the time spent in the dark compartment (P < 0.01-P < 0.001), while MT improved the rats performances in MWM and PA tests (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). Additionally, LPS increased tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and C-reactive protein levels in the hippocampal tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide metabolite in hippocampal and cortical tissues, and decreased thiol contents and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hippocampal and cortical tissues compared to the control group (P < 0.01-P < 0.001); while moderate training decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA; increased thiol contents, and SOD and CAT activity in the LPS + MT compared to the LPS group (P < 0.001). These results indicated that moderate training improved LPS-induced learning and memory impairments by attenuating the hippocampal cytokine levels and brain oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jahangiri
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nishimaki K, Asada T, Ohsawa I, Nakajima E, Ikejima C, Yokota T, Kamimura N, Ohta S. Effects of Molecular Hydrogen Assessed by an Animal Model and a Randomized Clinical Study on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:482-492. [PMID: 29110615 PMCID: PMC5872374 DOI: 10.2174/1567205014666171106145017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one of the causative factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. We previously reported that molecular hydrogen (H2) acts as a therapeutic and preventive antioxidant. OBJECTIVE We assess the effects of drinking H2-water (water infused with H2) on oxidative stress model mice and subjects with MCI. METHODS Transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative form of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 were used as a dementia model. The mice with enhanced oxidative stress were allowed to drink H2-water. For a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study, 73 subjects with MCI drank ~300 mL of H2-water (H2-group) or placebo water (control group) per day, and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) scores were determined after 1 year. RESULTS In mice, drinking H2-water decreased oxidative stress markers and suppressed the decline of memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Moreover, the mean lifespan in the H2-water group was longer than that of the control group. In MCI subjects, although there was no significant difference between the H2- and control groups in ADAS-cog score after 1 year, carriers of the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype in the H2-group were improved significantly on total ADAS-cog score and word recall task score (one of the sub-scores in the ADAS-cog score). CONCLUSION H2-water may have a potential for suppressing dementia in an oxidative stress model and in the APOE4 carriers with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Nishimaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-396, Kosugimachi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
| | - Takashi Asada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Ochanomizu Memory Clinic, The Medical Reunion of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-34 Yushima, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Ikuroh Ohsawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-396, Kosugimachi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan.,Biological Process of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173- 0015, Japan
| | - Etsuko Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ikejima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-396, Kosugimachi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
| | - Naomi Kamimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-396, Kosugimachi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-396, Kosugimachi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
He Y, Yang X, Jiao M, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Zeng Y, Mei H. Housefly (Musca domestica) larvae powder, preventing oxidative stress injury via regulation of UCP4 and CyclinD1 and modulation of JNK and P38 signaling in APP/PS1 mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:235-243. [PMID: 30540319 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Housefly (Musca domestica) Larvae powder (HL) is rich in antioxidants. As oxidative stress is considered as one of the main pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), this study was designed to explore the protective effects of HL as an antioxidant on APP/PS1 mice. 2-Month-old APP/PS1 mice were divided into a model control (MC) group, a Donepezil group and a HL group, and C57BL/6 mice were used as the normal control (NC) group. After 180 days of treatment, the memory ability was measured by Morris Water Maze (MWM). The presence of Aβ and the expression of Uncoupling Protein 4 (UCP4) and CyclinD1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1), Catalase (CAT) and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signal pathways were measured by western blotting. Compared with untreated APP/PS1 mice, the memory abilities of the HL-treated mice were significantly improved. Furthermore, the HL treatment not only down-regulated the deposition of Aβ and the expression of CylinD1, but also increased both the mRNA and protein levels of SOD, CAT, and UCP4, and enhanced the phosphorylation of JNK and P38 MAPK activation. In conclusion, these results suggest that HL may have a protective effect against memory impairment and prevent oxidative stress-induced injury via the regulation of UCP4 and CyclinD1 and the modulation of JNK and P38 MAPK signaling in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinru He
- School of Basic Courses, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu Y, Liu W, Qi S, Wang H, Wang Y, Deng G, Zhang Y, Li S, Ma C, Wang Y, Cheng X, Wang C. Stereoselective glucuronidation metabolism, pharmacokinetics, anti-amnesic pharmacodynamics, and toxic properties of vasicine enantiomers in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:459-474. [PMID: 30077712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vasicine (VAS) is a potential natural cholinesterase inhibitor for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Due to one chiral centre (C-3) presenting in molecule, VAS has two enantiomers, d-vasicine (d-VAS) and l-vasicine (l-VAS). The study was undertaken to investigate the stereoselective glucuronidation metabolism, pharmacokinetics, anti-amnesic effect and acute toxicity of VAS enantiomers. In results, the glucuronidation metabolic rate of l-VAS was faster than d-VAS in human liver microsomes and isoenzymes tests, and it was proved that the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9 and UGT2B15 were the major metabolic enzymes for glucuronidation of l-VAS, while only UGT1A9 for d-VAS, which take responsibility of the significantly less metabolic affinity of d-VAS than l-VAS in HLM and rhUGT1A9. The plasma exposure of d-VAS in rats was 1.3-fold and 1.6-fold higher than that of l-VAS after intravenous and oral administration of d-VAS and l-VAS, respectively. And the plasma exposure of the major glucuronidation metabolite d-VASG was one of tenth of l-VASG or more less, no matter by intravenous or oral administration. Both d-VAS and l-VAS were exhibited promising acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, and the BChE inhibitory activity of d-VAS with IC50 of 0.03 ± 0.001 μM was significantly stronger than that of l-VAS with IC50 of 0.98 ± 0.19 μM. The molecular docking results indicated that d-VAS and l-VAS could bind to the catalytic active site (CAS position) either of human AChE and BChE, and the BChE combing ability of d-VAS (the score of GBI/WAS dG -7.398) was stronger than that of l-VAS (the score of GBI/WAS dG -7.135). Both d-VAS and l-VAS could improving the learning and memory on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. The content of acetylcholine (ACh) after oral administration d-VAS increased more than that of l-VAS in mice cortex, through inhibiting cholinesterase (ChE) and increasing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In addition, the LD50 value of d-VAS (282.51 mg·kg-1) was slight lower than l-VAS (319.75 mg·kg-1). These results indicated that VAS enantiomers displayed significantly stereoselective metabolic, pharmacokinetics, anti-amnesic effect and toxic properties in vitro and in vivo. The d-VAS might be the dominant configuration for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shenglan Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanxue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fernández-Pérez EJ, Sepúlveda FJ, Peters C, Bascuñán D, Riffo-Lepe NO, González-Sanmiguel J, Sánchez SA, Peoples RW, Vicente B, Aguayo LG. Effect of Cholesterol on Membrane Fluidity and Association of Aβ Oligomers and Subsequent Neuronal Damage: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:226. [PMID: 30123122 PMCID: PMC6085471 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been described to associate/aggregate on the cell surface disrupting the membrane through pore formation and breakage. However, molecular determinants involved for this interaction (e.g., some physicochemical properties of the cell membrane) are largely unknown. Since cholesterol is an important molecule for membrane structure and fluidity, we examined the effect of varying cholesterol content with the association and membrane perforation by Aβ in cultured hippocampal neurons. Methods: To decrease or increase the levels of cholesterol in the membrane we used methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and MβCD/cholesterol, respectively. We analyzed if membrane fluidity was affected using generalized polarization (GP) imaging and the fluorescent dye di-4-ANEPPDHQ. Additionally membrane association and perforation was assessed using immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological techniques, respectively. Results: The results showed that cholesterol removal decreased the macroscopic association of Aβ to neuronal membranes (fluorescent-puncta/20 μm: control = 18 ± 2 vs. MβCD = 10 ± 1, p < 0.05) and induced a facilitation of the membrane perforation by Aβ with respect to control cells (half-time for maximal charge transferred: control = 7.2 vs. MβCD = 4.4). Under this condition, we found an increase in membrane fluidity (46 ± 3.3% decrease in GP value, p < 0.001). On the contrary, increasing cholesterol levels incremented membrane rigidity (38 ± 2.7% increase in GP value, p < 0.001) and enhanced the association and clustering of Aβ (fluorescent-puncta/20 μm: control = 18 ± 2 vs. MβCD = 10 ± 1, p < 0.01), but inhibited membrane disruption. Conclusion: Our results strongly support the significance of plasma membrane organization in the toxic effects of Aβ in hippocampal neurons, since fluidity can regulate distribution and insertion of the Aβ peptide in the neuronal membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Fernández-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fernando J Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Christian Peters
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Denisse Bascuñán
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nicolás O Riffo-Lepe
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Susana A Sánchez
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Robert W Peoples
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Benjamín Vicente
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis G Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in the spotlight: The link between mitochondria and neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:19-24. [PMID: 29936317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunctions and resultant oxidative stress are likely responsible for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily plays a crucial role in several biological processes including development and detoxification pathways in the organism. In particular, ALDH2 is crucial in the oxidative metabolism of toxic aldehydes in the brain, such as catecholaminergic metabolites (DOPAL and DOPEGAL) and the principal product of lipid peroxidation process 4-HNE. This review aims to deepen the current knowledge regarding to ALDH2 function and its relation with brain-damaging processes that increase the risk to develop neurodegenerative disorders. We focused on relevant literature of what is currently known at molecular and cellular levels in experimental models of these pathologies. The understanding of ALDH2 contributions could be a potential target in new therapeutic approaches for PD and AD due to its crucial role in mitochondrial normal function maintenance that protects against neurotoxicity.
Collapse
|
29
|
Park HS, Cho HS, Kim TW. Physical exercise promotes memory capability by enhancing hippocampal mitochondrial functions and inhibiting apoptosis in obesity-induced insulin resistance by high fat diet. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:283-292. [PMID: 29185193 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-fat diet induces obesity in mice, leading to insulin resistance, decreased mitochondrial function, and increased apoptosis in the hippocampus, which eventually result in memory loss. The present study investigated the effect of physical exercise on memory, hippocampal mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in mice with in insulin resistance caused by obesity due to high-fat diet. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON), control and exercise (CON + EX), high fat diet (HFD), and high fat diet and exercise (HFD + EX). After receiving a high-fat (60%) diet for 20 weeks to induce obesity, the animals were subjected to an exercise routine 6 times per week, for 12 weeks. The exercise duration and intensity gradually increased over 4-week intervals. Hippocampal memory was examined using the step-down avoidance task. Mitochondrial function and apoptosis were also examined in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. We found that obesity owing to a high-fat diet induced insulin resistance and caused a decrease in memory function. Insulin resistance also caused a decrease in mitochondrial function in the hippocampus by reducing Ca2+ retention and O2, respiration, increasing the levels of H2O2, and Cyp-D, and mPTP opening. In addition, apoptosis in the hippocampus increased owing to decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive cells. In contrast, physical exercise led to reduced insulin resistance, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced apoptosis in the hippocampus. The results suggest that physiological stimulations such as exercise improve hippocampal function and suppress apoptosis, potentially preventing the memory loss associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sam Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Exercise Rehabilitation Research Institute, Department of Exercise & Health Science, SangMyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fernández-Pérez EJ, Sepúlveda FJ, Peters C, Bascuñán D, Riffo-Lepe NO, González-Sanmiguel J, Sánchez SA, Peoples RW, Vicente B, Aguayo LG. Effect of Cholesterol on Membrane Fluidity and Association of Aβ Oligomers and Subsequent Neuronal Damage: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Aging Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 30123122 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.002.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been described to associate/aggregate on the cell surface disrupting the membrane through pore formation and breakage. However, molecular determinants involved for this interaction (e.g., some physicochemical properties of the cell membrane) are largely unknown. Since cholesterol is an important molecule for membrane structure and fluidity, we examined the effect of varying cholesterol content with the association and membrane perforation by Aβ in cultured hippocampal neurons. Methods: To decrease or increase the levels of cholesterol in the membrane we used methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and MβCD/cholesterol, respectively. We analyzed if membrane fluidity was affected using generalized polarization (GP) imaging and the fluorescent dye di-4-ANEPPDHQ. Additionally membrane association and perforation was assessed using immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological techniques, respectively. Results: The results showed that cholesterol removal decreased the macroscopic association of Aβ to neuronal membranes (fluorescent-puncta/20 μm: control = 18 ± 2 vs. MβCD = 10 ± 1, p < 0.05) and induced a facilitation of the membrane perforation by Aβ with respect to control cells (half-time for maximal charge transferred: control = 7.2 vs. MβCD = 4.4). Under this condition, we found an increase in membrane fluidity (46 ± 3.3% decrease in GP value, p < 0.001). On the contrary, increasing cholesterol levels incremented membrane rigidity (38 ± 2.7% increase in GP value, p < 0.001) and enhanced the association and clustering of Aβ (fluorescent-puncta/20 μm: control = 18 ± 2 vs. MβCD = 10 ± 1, p < 0.01), but inhibited membrane disruption. Conclusion: Our results strongly support the significance of plasma membrane organization in the toxic effects of Aβ in hippocampal neurons, since fluidity can regulate distribution and insertion of the Aβ peptide in the neuronal membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Fernández-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fernando J Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Christian Peters
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Denisse Bascuñán
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nicolás O Riffo-Lepe
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Susana A Sánchez
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Robert W Peoples
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Benjamín Vicente
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis G Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Extracellular exosomes are formed inside the cytoplasm of cells in compartments known as multivesicular bodies. Thus, exosomes contain cytoplasmic content. Multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane and release exosomes into the extracellular environment. Comprehensive research suggests that exosomes act as both inflammatory intermediaries and critical inducers of oxidative stress to drive progression of Alzheimer's disease. An important role of exosomes in Alzheimer's disease includes the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid production, clearance, and accumulation. In addition, exosomes are involved in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which both act as triggers for beta-amyloid pathogenesis and tau hyperphosphorylation. Further, it has been shown that exosomes are strongly associated with beta-amyloid clearance. Thus, effective measures for regulating exosome metabolism may be novel drug targets for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-You Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sohel H Quazi
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Zun-Yu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hu Y, Zhou KY, Wang ZJ, Lu Y, Yin M. N-stearoyl-l-Tyrosine inhibits the cell senescence and apoptosis induced by H 2O 2 in HEK293/Tau cells via the CB2 receptor. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:135-144. [PMID: 28526263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although considerable energy and money have been spent trying to inhibit Aβ production and its related metabolic enzyme activities, there are still no drug treatments available to cure even slow for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, tau protein has been focused recently as the new target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells with or without Tau 411 plasmid were used to evaluate the effect of tau protein on cell viability. H2O2 was added to simulate microenvironment of oxidative stress (OS) during aging. N-stearoyl-l-tyrosine (Nstyr), one of the synthesized N-arachidonoylethanolamide analogues was administrated in HEK293/Tau cells during H2O2 insults. Cellular senescence and tau aberrant modification appeared after tau transfection and aggravated by H2O2 insult which detected by β-galactosidase staining analysis and western blotting analysis. The level of expression of Bcl-2 and the result of FCAS analysis indicated the appearance of cellular apoptosis. The expression of prosenescence moleculars such as p16-Rb and P53 were induced by tau transfection in HEK293 cells. Both p16-Rb and p53 senescent molecules were inhibited by Nstyr. AM251 (1 μM; an antagonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptor) or AM630 (1 μM; an antagonist of CB2 cannabinoid receptor) was used to offset the anti-senescence effects afforded by NsTyr. The anti-senescence and anti-apoptosis effect of NsTyr was completely abolished by AM630. Meanwhile, transfection of siRNACB2 was used to further confirm the above experimental results and it came out the similar results compared with AM630. Taken together, our results suggest that oxidative stress aggravates cellular senescence and apoptosis in HEK293/Tau, which can be reversed by Nstyr via CB2 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai-Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ze-Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Berkowitz BA, Lenning J, Khetarpal N, Tran C, Wu JY, Berri AM, Dernay K, Haacke EM, Shafie-Khorassani F, Podolsky RH, Gant JC, Maimaiti S, Thibault O, Murphy GG, Bennett BM, Roberts R. In vivo imaging of prodromal hippocampus CA1 subfield oxidative stress in models of Alzheimer disease and Angelman syndrome. FASEB J 2017; 31:4179-4186. [PMID: 28592637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700229r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampus oxidative stress is considered pathogenic in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), and in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Angelman syndrome (AS). Yet clinical benefits of antioxidant treatment for these diseases remain unclear because conventional imaging methods are unable to guide management of therapies in specific hippocampus subfields in vivo that underlie abnormal behavior. Excessive production of paramagnetic free radicals in nonhippocampus brain tissue can be measured in vivo as a greater-than-normal 1/T1 that is quenchable with antioxidant as measured by quench-assisted (Quest) MRI. Here, we further test this approach in phantoms, and we present proof-of-concept data in models of AD-like and AS hippocampus oxidative stress that also exhibit impaired spatial learning and memory. AD-like models showed an abnormal gradient along the CA1 dorsal-ventral axis of excessive free radical production as measured by Quest MRI, and redox-sensitive calcium dysregulation as measured by manganese-enhanced MRI and electrophysiology. In the AS model, abnormally high free radical levels were observed in dorsal and ventral CA1. Quest MRI is a promising in vivo paradigm for bridging brain subfield oxidative stress and behavior in animal models and in human patients to better manage antioxidant therapy in devastating neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases.-Berkowitz, B. A., Lenning, J., Khetarpal, N., Tran, C., Wu, J. Y., Berri, A. M., Dernay, K., Haacke, E. M., Shafie-Khorassani, F., Podolsky, R. H., Gant, J. C., Maimaiti, S., Thibault, O., Murphy, G. G., Bennett, B. M., Roberts, R. In vivo imaging of prodromal hippocampus CA1 subfield oxidative stress in models of Alzheimer disease and Angelman syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; .,Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacob Lenning
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nikita Khetarpal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Catherine Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Johnny Y Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali M Berri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristin Dernay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fatema Shafie-Khorassani
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert H Podolsky
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John C Gant
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shaniya Maimaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Molecular Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Roberts
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Atukeren P, Cengiz M, Yavuzer H, Gelisgen R, Altunoglu E, Oner S, Erdenen F, Yuceakın D, Derici H, Cakatay U, Uzun H. The efficacy of donepezil administration on acetylcholinesterase activity and altered redox homeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:786-795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
35
|
Gameiro I, Michalska P, Tenti G, Cores Á, Buendia I, Rojo AI, Georgakopoulos ND, Hernández-Guijo JM, Teresa Ramos M, Wells G, López MG, Cuadrado A, Menéndez JC, León R. Discovery of the first dual GSK3β inhibitor/Nrf2 inducer. A new multitarget therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45701. [PMID: 28361919 PMCID: PMC5374710 DOI: 10.1038/srep45701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have emerged as key targets for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. These pathological hallmarks are closely related to the over-activity of the enzyme GSK3β and the downregulation of the defense pathway Nrf2-EpRE observed in AD patients. Herein, we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new family of multitarget 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles as dual GSK3β inhibitors and Nrf2 inducers. These compounds are able to inhibit GSK3β and induce the Nrf2 phase II antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathway at micromolar concentrations, showing interesting structure-activity relationships. The association of both activities has resulted in a remarkable anti-inflammatory ability with an interesting neuroprotective profile on in vitro models of neuronal death induced by oxidative stress and energy depletion and AD. Furthermore, none of the compounds exhibited in vitro neurotoxicity or hepatotoxicity and hence they had improved safety profiles compared to the known electrophilic Nrf2 inducers. In conclusion, the combination of both activities in this family of multitarget compounds confers them a notable interest for the development of lead compounds for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gameiro
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giammarco Tenti
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Cores
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC y Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús M Hernández-Guijo
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Ramos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Manuela G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC y Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bonet-Costa V, Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The Proteasome and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:886-901. [PMID: 27392670 PMCID: PMC5124752 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is projected to exceed more than 100 million cases worldwide by 2050. Aging is considered the primary risk factor for some 90% of Alzheimer's cases but a significant 10% of patients suffer from aggressive, early-onset forms of the disease. There is currently no effective Alzheimer's treatment and this, coupled with a growing aging population, highlights the necessity to understand the mechanism(s) of disease initiation and propagation. A major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease pathology is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates (an early marker of Alzheimer's disease), and neurofibrillary tangles, comprising the hyper-phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein Tau. Recent Advances: Protein oxidation is frequently invoked as a potential factor in the progression of Alzheimer's disease; however, whether it is a cause or a consequence of the pathology is still being debated. The Proteasome complex is a major regulator of intracellular protein quality control and an essential proteolytic enzyme for the processing of both Aβ and Tau. Recent studies have indicated that both protein oxidation and excessive phosphorylation may limit Proteasomal processing of Aβ and Tau in Alzheimer's disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Thus, the Proteasome may be a key factor in understanding the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology; however, its significance is still very much under investigation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Discovering how the proteasome is affected, regulated, or dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease could be a valuable tool in the efforts to understand and, ultimately, eradicate the disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 886-901.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Bonet-Costa
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura Corrales-Diaz Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates learning memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice: A novel mechanism mediated by the activation of Nrf2. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 150-151:207-216. [PMID: 27883916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and oxidative stress are associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as a cytoprotectant, which improves learning memory impairment and exerts antioxidant effects in neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. The experiment was projected to explore the effects of H2S on cognitive deficits, Aβ levels and possible antioxidant mechanisms. Here, APP/PS1 transgenic mice were injected sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor, 2.8mg/kg) once a day for three months. It was found that APP/PS1 transgenic mice exhibited cognitive deficits and a large number of senile plaques, along with neurons decrease and Aβ increase. However, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NaHS improved learning memory deficits, decreased the number of senile plaques, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels, suppressed neurons loss, together with up-regulated the levels of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate-sulfurtransferase (3MST). Furthermore, the protein levels of beta-amyloid precursor (APP) and beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) were dramatically restrained after administration of H2S. In addition, H2S exerted antioxidant effects via up-regulation nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Taken together, these findings suggest that H2S ameliorates learning memory impairment, decreases the number of senile plaques in APP/PS1 mice possibly through inhibition of Aβ production and activation of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway.
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang Y, Li D, Cheng N, Gao H, Xue X, Cao W, Sun L. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of vitex honey against paracetamol induced liver damage in mice. Food Funct 2016; 6:2339-49. [PMID: 26084988 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen vitex honeys from China were investigated to evaluate its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced liver damage. All honey samples exhibited high total phenolic content (344-520 mg GAE per kg), total flavonoid content (19-31 mg Rutin per kg), and strong antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power and Ferrous ion-chelating ability. Nine phenolic acids were detected in vitex honey samples, in which caffeic acid was the main compound. Honey from Heibei Zanhuang (S2) ranked the highest antioxidant activity was orally administered to mice (5 g kg(-1), 20 g kg(-1)) for 70 days. In high-dose (20 g kg(-1)), vitex honey pretreatment resulting in significant increase in serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (15.07%) and decrease in Cu(2+)-mediate lipoprotein oxidation (80.07%), and suppression in alanine aminotransferase (75.79%) and aspartate aminotransferase (74.52%), enhancement in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduction in malondialdehyde (36.15%) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (19.6%) formation compared with paracetamol-intoxicated group. The results demonstrated the hepatoprotection of vitex honey against paracetamol-induced liver damage might attribute to its antioxidant and/or perhaps pro-oxidative property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Akbar M, Essa MM, Daradkeh G, Abdelmegeed MA, Choi Y, Mahmood L, Song BJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in neurodegenerative diseases through nitroxidative stress. Brain Res 2016; 1637:34-55. [PMID: 26883165 PMCID: PMC4821765 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important for providing cellular energy ATP through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. They are also critical in regulating many cellular functions including the fatty acid oxidation, the metabolism of glutamate and urea, the anti-oxidant defense, and the apoptosis pathway. Mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species leaked from the electron transport chain while they are susceptible to oxidative damage, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue injury. In fact, impaired mitochondrial function is commonly observed in many types of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, alcoholic dementia, brain ischemia-reperfusion related injury, and others, although many of these neurological disorders have unique etiological factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction under many pathological conditions is likely to be promoted by increased nitroxidative stress, which can stimulate post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins and/or oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and lipids. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that various antioxidants, including naturally occurring flavonoids and polyphenols as well as synthetic compounds, can block the formation of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species, and thus ultimately prevent the PTMs of many proteins with improved disease conditions. Therefore, the present review is aimed to describe the recent research developments in the molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue injury in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss translational research opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman; Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Ghazi Daradkeh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lubna Mahmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Anaeigoudari A, Soukhtanloo M, Shafei MN, Sadeghnia HR, Reisi P, Beheshti F, Behradnia S, Mousavi SM, Hosseini M. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase has a role in the detrimental effects of lipopolysaccharide on spatial memory and synaptic plasticity in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:243-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
41
|
Correlations between the Memory-Related Behavior and the Level of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Mice Brain, Provoked by an Acute Administration of CB Receptor Ligands. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:9815092. [PMID: 26839719 PMCID: PMC4709727 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9815092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system, through cannabinoid (CB) receptors, is involved in memory-related responses, as well as in processes that may affect cognition, like oxidative stress processes. The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the impact of CB1 and CB2 receptor ligands on the long-term memory stages in male Swiss mice, using the passive avoidance (PA) test, as well as the influence of these compounds on the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in the mice brain. A single injection of a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, AM 251, improved long-term memory acquisition and consolidation in the PA test in mice, while a mixed CB1/CB2 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 impaired both stages of cognition. Additionally, JWH 133, a selective CB2 receptor agonist, and AM 630, a competitive CB2 receptor antagonist, significantly improved memory. Additionally, an acute administration of the highest used doses of JWH 133, WIN 55,212-2, and AM 630, but not AM 251, increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the brain. In turn, the processes of lipids peroxidation, expressed as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), were more advanced in case of AM 251. Thus, some changes in the PA performance may be connected with the level of oxidative stress in the brain.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kanninen KM, Pomeshchik Y, Leinonen H, Malm T, Koistinaho J, Levonen AL. Applications of the Keap1-Nrf2 system for gene and cell therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:350-361. [PMID: 26164630 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role in a number of acute and chronic diseases including acute injuries of the central nervous system, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The redox-activated transcription factor Nrf2 has been shown to protect many different cell types and organs from a variety of toxic insults, whereas in many cancers, unchecked Nrf2 activity increases the expression of cytoprotective genes and, consequently, provides growth advantage to cancerous cells. Herein, we discuss current preclinical gene therapy approaches to either increase or decrease Nrf2 activity with a special reference to neurological diseases and cancer. In addition, we discuss the role of Nrf2 in stem cell therapy for neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Yuriy Pomeshchik
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Hanna Leinonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chang WH, Chen MC, Cheng IH. Antroquinonol Lowers Brain Amyloid-β Levels and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15067. [PMID: 26469245 PMCID: PMC4606808 DOI: 10.1038/srep15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The deposition of brain amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), which are cleaved from amyloid precursor protein (APP), is one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Antroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivative isolated from Antrodia camphorata, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines via activating the nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which is downregulated in AD. Therefore, we examined whether antroquinonol could improve AD-like pathological and behavioral deficits in the APP transgenic mouse model. We found that antroquinonol was able to cross the blood-brain barrier and had no adverse effects via oral intake. Two months of antroquinonol consumption improved learning and memory in the Morris water maze test, reduced hippocampal Aβ levels, and reduced the degree of astrogliosis. These effects may be mediated through the increase of Nrf2 and the decrease of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) levels. These findings suggest that antroquinonol could have beneficial effects on AD-like deficits in APP transgenic mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Han Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miles C Chen
- Division of Biological Chemistry, R&D, Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Irene H Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Infection and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|