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Gil R, Valente M, Shemesh N. Rat superior colliculus encodes the transition between static and dynamic vision modes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:849. [PMID: 38346973 PMCID: PMC10861507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The visual continuity illusion involves a shift in visual perception from static to dynamic vision modes when the stimuli arrive at high temporal frequency, and is critical for recognizing objects moving in the environment. However, how this illusion is encoded across the visual pathway remains poorly understood, with disparate frequency thresholds at retinal, cortical, and behavioural levels suggesting the involvement of other brain areas. Here, we employ a multimodal approach encompassing behaviour, whole-brain functional MRI, and electrophysiological measurements, for investigating the encoding of the continuity illusion in rats. Behavioural experiments report a frequency threshold of 18±2 Hz. Functional MRI reveal that superior colliculus signals transition from positive to negative at the behaviourally-driven threshold, unlike thalamic and cortical areas. Electrophysiological recordings indicate that these transitions are underpinned by neural activation/suppression. Lesions in the primary visual cortex reveal this effect to be intrinsic to the superior colliculus (under a cortical gain effect). Our findings highlight the superior colliculus' crucial involvement in encoding temporal frequency shifts, especially the change from static to dynamic vision modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gil
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Valente
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Günter A, Belhadj S, Seeliger MW, Mühlfriedel R. The Mongolian gerbil as an advanced model to study cone system physiology. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1339282. [PMID: 38333056 PMCID: PMC10850313 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1339282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a diurnal rodent, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (MG) as an alternative to study retinal cone system physiology and pathophysiology in mice. The cone system is of particular importance, as it provides high-acuity and color vision and its impairment in retinal disorders is thus especially disabling. Despite their nocturnal lifestyle, mice are currently the most popular animals to study cone-related diseases due to the high availability of genetically modified models. However, the potential for successful translation of any cone-related results is limited due to the substantial differences in retinal organization between mice and humans. Alternatively, there are diurnal rodents such as the MG with a higher retinal proportion of cones and a macula-like specialized region for improved visual resolution, the visual streak. The focus of this work was the evaluation of the MG's cone system functionality using full-field electroretinography (ERG), together with a morphological assessment of its retinal/visual streak organization via angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and photoreceptor immunohistochemistry. We found that rod system responses in MGs were comparable or slightly inferior to mice, while in contrast, cone system responses were much larger, more sensitive, and also faster than those in the murine counterparts, and in addition, it was possible to record sizeable ON and OFF ERG components. Morphologically, MG cone photoreceptor opsins were evenly distributed throughout the retina, while mice show a dorsoventral M- and S-opsin gradient. Additionally, each cone expressed a single opsin, in contrast to the typical co-expression of opsins in mice. Particular attention was given to the visual streak region, featuring a higher density of cones, elongated cone and rod outer segments (OSs), and an increased thickness of the inner and outer retinal layers in comparison to peripheral regions. In summary, our data render the MG a supreme model to investigate cone system physiology, pathophysiology, and to validate potential therapeutic strategies in that context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Günter
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Mowery TM, Wackym PA, Nacipucha J, Dangcil E, Stadler RD, Tucker A, Carayannopoulos NL, Beshy MA, Hong SS, Yao JD. Superior semicircular canal dehiscence and subsequent closure induces reversible impaired decision-making. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1259030. [PMID: 37905188 PMCID: PMC10613502 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1259030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vestibular loss and dysfunction has been associated with cognitive deficits, decreased spatial navigation, spatial memory, visuospatial ability, attention, executive function, and processing speed among others. Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a vestibular-cochlear disorder in humans in which a pathological third mobile window of the otic capsule creates changes to the flow of sound pressure energy through the perilymph/endolymph. The primary symptoms include sound-induced dizziness/vertigo, inner ear conductive hearing loss, autophony, headaches, and visual problems; however, individuals also experience measurable deficits in basic decision-making, short-term memory, concentration, spatial cognition, and depression. These suggest central mechanisms of impairment are associated with vestibular disorders; therefore, we directly tested this hypothesis using both an auditory and visual decision-making task of varying difficulty levels in our model of SSCD. Methods Adult Mongolian gerbils (n = 33) were trained on one of four versions of a Go-NoGo stimulus presentation rate discrimination task that included standard ("easy") or more difficult ("hard") auditory and visual stimuli. After 10 days of training, preoperative ABR and c+VEMP testing was followed by a surgical fenestration of the left superior semicircular canal. Animals with persistent circling or head tilt were excluded to minimize effects from acute vestibular injury. Testing recommenced at postoperative day 5 and continued through postoperative day 15 at which point final ABR and c+VEMP testing was carried out. Results Behavioral data (d-primes) were compared between preoperative performance (training day 8-10) and postoperative days 6-8 and 13-15. Behavioral performance was measured during the peak of SSCD induced ABR and c + VEMP impairment and the return towards baseline as the dehiscence began to resurface by osteoneogenesis. There were significant differences in behavioral performance (d-prime) and its behavioral components (Hits, Misses, False Alarms, and Correct Rejections). These changes were highly correlated with persistent deficits in c + VEMPs at the end of training (postoperative day 15). The controls demonstrated additional learning post procedure that was absent in the SSCD group. Conclusion These results suggest that aberrant asymmetric vestibular output results in decision-making impairments in these discrimination tasks and could be associated with the other cognitive impairments resulting from vestibular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Mowery
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - P. Ashley Wackym
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Jacqueline Nacipucha
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Evelynne Dangcil
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ryan D. Stadler
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Aaron Tucker
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Carayannopoulos
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mina A. Beshy
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sean S. Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Justin D. Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Curnow E, Wang Y. New Animal Models for Understanding FMRP Functions and FXS Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:1628. [PMID: 35626665 PMCID: PMC9140010 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X encompasses a range of genetic conditions, all of which result as a function of changes within the FMR1 gene and abnormal production and/or expression of the FMR1 gene products. Individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common heritable form of intellectual disability, have a full-mutation sequence (>200 CGG repeats) which brings about transcriptional silencing of FMR1 and loss of FMR protein (FMRP). Despite considerable progress in our understanding of FXS, safe, effective, and reliable treatments that either prevent or reduce the severity of the FXS phenotype have not been approved. While current FXS animal models contribute their own unique understanding to the molecular, cellular, physiological, and behavioral deficits associated with FXS, no single animal model is able to fully recreate the FXS phenotype. This review will describe the status and rationale in the development, validation, and utility of three emerging animal model systems for FXS, namely the nonhuman primate (NHP), Mongolian gerbil, and chicken. These developing animal models will provide a sophisticated resource in which the deficits in complex functions of perception, action, and cognition in the human disorder are accurately reflected and aid in the successful translation of novel therapeutics and interventions to the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Curnow
- REI Division, Department of ObGyn, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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DNMT1-Mediated DNA Methylation Targets CDKN2B to Promote the Repair of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Mongolian Gerbils during Diabetic Retinopathy. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9212116. [PMID: 35295199 PMCID: PMC8920618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9212116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective DNA methylation played a vital role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in the development of early diabetic retinopathy and its potential underlying mechanism. Methods Eight-week-old healthy Mongolian gerbils were used to establish type 1 diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ). Alteration of weight, fasting blood glucose, density of RGCs (Tuj1-labeled), and H&E-stained retinal cross sections were applied to evaluate the diabetic retinopathy mouse model. The global DNA methylation level of the retina at different time points after STZ injection was measured using the global methylation assay. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of DNMT1, DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), and 3B (DNMT3B). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to determine the expression of CDKN2B. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated by the MTS assay and flow cytometry. Results STZ injection caused the increased global DNA methylation level, which reached a maximum at 6 weeks after injection. Moreover, STZ injection caused the damage of RGCs. At 6 weeks after STZ injection, the expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3B were significantly increased in the STZ group. DNMT1-induced DNA hypermethylation inhibited the expression of CDKN2B (a negative regulator of cell cycle). DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation facilitated RGC proliferation via regulating the expression of CDKN2B. Conclusion DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation played an important role in STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy via modulating CDKN2B expression.
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Kwon KM, Lee MJ, Chung HS, Pak JH, Jeon CJ. The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010092. [PMID: 35052772 PMCID: PMC8773527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) is widely expressed in the brain and plays various, vital roles involved in neuromodulation. The purpose of this study is to characterize the organization of SST neurons in the Mongolian gerbil visual cortex (VC) using immunocytochemistry, quantitative analysis, and confocal microscopy. As a diurnal animal, the Mongolian gerbil provides us with a different perspective to other commonly used nocturnal rodent models. In this study, SST neurons were located in all layers of the VC except in layer I; they were most common in layer V. Most SST neurons were multipolar round/oval or stellate cells. No pyramidal neurons were found. Moreover, 2-color immunofluorescence revealed that only 33.50%, 24.05%, 16.73%, 0%, and 64.57% of SST neurons contained gamma-aminobutyric acid, calbindin-D28K, calretinin, parvalbumin, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, respectively. In contrast, neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide synthase were abundantly expressed, with 80.07% and 75.41% in SST neurons, respectively. Our immunocytochemical analyses of SST with D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and choline acetyltransferase, α7 and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suggest that dopaminergic and cholinergic fibers contact some SST neurons. The results showed some distinguishable features of SST neurons and provided some insight into their afferent circuitry in the gerbil VC. These findings may support future studies investigating the role of SST neurons in visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Kwon
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio-Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (K.-M.K.); (M.-J.L.)
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Myung-Jun Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio-Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (K.-M.K.); (M.-J.L.)
| | - Han-Saem Chung
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jae-Hong Pak
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Chang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio-Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (K.-M.K.); (M.-J.L.)
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Liu XB, Liu F, Liang YY, Yin G, Zhang HJ, Mi XS, Zhang ZJ, So KF, Li A, Xu Y. Luteolin delays photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2109-2120. [PMID: 33642401 PMCID: PMC8343326 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is neuroprotective for retinal ganglion cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells after oxidative injury, whereby it can inhibit microglial neurotoxicity. Therefore, luteolin holds the potential to be useful for treatment of retinal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether luteolin exhibits neuroprotective effects on rod cells in rd10 mice, a slow photoreceptor-degenerative model of retinitis pigmentosa. Luteolin (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected daily from postnatal day 14 (P14) to P25 significantly enhanced the visual performance and retinal light responses of rd10 mice at P25. Moreover, it increased the survival of photoreceptors and improved retinal structure. Mechanistically, luteolin treatment attenuated increases in reactive oxygen species, photoreceptor apoptosis, and reactive gliosis; increased mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines while lowering that of pro-inflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines; and lowered the ratio of phospho-JNK/JNK. Application of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 exerted a similar protective effect to luteolin, suggesting that luteolin delays photoreceptor degeneration and functional deterioration in rd10 mice through regulation of retinal oxidation and inflammation by inhibiting the JNK pathway. Therefore, luteolin may be useful as a supplementary treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. This study was approved by the Qualified Ethics Committee of Jinan University, China (approval No. IACUC-20181217-02) on December 17, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Yao Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Song Mi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zai-Jun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Thomson BR, Grannonico M, Liu F, Liu M, Mendapara P, Xu Y, Liu X, Quaggin SE. Angiopoietin-1 Knockout Mice as a Genetic Model of Open-Angle Glaucoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:16. [PMID: 32818103 PMCID: PMC7396191 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.4.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A leading cause of blindness worldwide, glaucoma is often caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired aqueous humor outflow from the anterior chamber through Schlemm's canal (SC) and the trabecular meshwork. Despite the large clinical burden, glaucoma research and drug development are hindered by a limited selection of preclinical models that accurately recapitulate human disease. Here, we propose that Angpt1 conditional knockout mice may provide one such model. Angiopoietin/TEK (ANGPT/TEK) signaling is crucial for SC formation and integrity in mice and humans, and mice lacking TEK or its ligand ANGPT1 develop a hypomorphic SC insufficient for normal aqueous humor outflow. Methods We used a comprehensive histology and physiology approach to characterize the glaucoma phenotype of Angpt1 inducible knockout mice, especially focusing on retina morphology and function. Results Angpt1 deletion resulted in persistent ocular hypertension beginning in the first month after birth and leading to decreased visual acuity with age due to glaucomatous neuropathy. In the neural retina, we identified marked and specific loss of the retinal ganglion cells, whereas other retinal neurons exhibited largely normal morphology and patterning. Electroretinogram recordings demonstrated reduced scotopic threshold response, further indicating loss of retinal ganglion cell function. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential of Angpt1 conditional knockout mice as a valuable new glaucoma model. Translational Relevance Currently, few reliable, rapid-onset genetic glaucoma models are available, and Angpt1 knockout mice will provide an additional tool for studies of IOP-induced neural damage, mechanisms of disease progression, and novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marta Grannonico
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingna Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Parrykumar Mendapara
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Macharadze T, Budinger E, Brosch M, Scheich H, Ohl FW, Henschke JU. Early Sensory Loss Alters the Dendritic Branching and Spine Density of Supragranular Pyramidal Neurons in Rodent Primary Sensory Cortices. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:61. [PMID: 31611778 PMCID: PMC6773815 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration in primary auditory (A1), visual (V1), and somatosensory cortex (S1) is substantially mediated by their direct interconnections and by thalamic inputs across the sensory modalities. We have previously shown in rodents (Mongolian gerbils) that during postnatal development, the anatomical and functional strengths of these crossmodal and also of sensory matched connections are determined by early auditory, somatosensory, and visual experience. Because supragranular layer III pyramidal neurons are major targets of corticocortical and thalamocortical connections, we investigated in this follow-up study how the loss of early sensory experience changes their dendritic morphology. Gerbils were sensory deprived early in development by either bilateral sciatic nerve transection at postnatal day (P) 5, ototoxic inner hair cell damage at P10, or eye enucleation at P10. Sholl and branch order analyses of Golgi-stained layer III pyramidal neurons at P28, which demarcates the end of the sensory critical period in this species, revealed that visual and somatosensory deprivation leads to a general increase of apical and basal dendritic branching in A1, V1, and S1. In contrast, dendritic branching, particularly of apical dendrites, decreased in all three areas following auditory deprivation. Generally, the number of spines, and consequently spine density, along the apical and basal dendrites decreased in both sensory deprived and non-deprived cortical areas. Therefore, we conclude that the loss of early sensory experience induces a refinement of corticocortical crossmodal and other cortical and thalamic connections by pruning of dendritic spines at the end of the critical period. Based on present and previous own results and on findings from the literature, we propose a scenario for multisensory development following early sensory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Macharadze
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eike Budinger
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Brosch
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Special Lab Primate Neurobiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henning Scheich
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Emeritus Group Lifelong Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank W Ohl
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia U Henschke
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Verra DM, Sajdak BS, Merriman DK, Hicks D. Diurnal rodents as pertinent animal models of human retinal physiology and pathology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 74:100776. [PMID: 31499165 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This presentation will survey the retinal architecture, advantages, and limitations of several lesser-known rodent species that provide a useful diurnal complement to rats and mice. These diurnal rodents also possess unusually cone-rich photoreceptor mosaics that facilitate the study of cone cells and pathways. Species to be presented include principally the Sudanian Unstriped Grass Rat and Nile Rat (Arvicanthis spp.), the Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus), the degu (Octodon degus) and the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). The retina and optic nerve in several of these species demonstrate unusual resilience in the face of neuronal injury, itself an interesting phenomenon with potential translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Verra
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Dana K Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - David Hicks
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
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Liu X, Zheng X, Liu Y, Du X, Chen Z. Effects of adaptation to handling on the circadian rhythmicity of blood solutes in Mongolian gerbils. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:127-131. [PMID: 31392306 PMCID: PMC6600653 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil has been widely used in many research fields and has been reported to be a diurnal laboratory animal. The circadian rhythmicity of these gerbils was investigated in the present study by measuring two hormones that show daily oscillations, cortisol and ACTH, in serum using ELISA kits. The levels of the two hormones were highest at 8:00 am and their rhythmic changes were similar to those in humans. In addition, the influence of stress of handling and blood collection on the physiological parameters of the gerbils was examined. After adaptation to handling for 1 week, some serum parameters in the animals changed. Handling and blood collection did not impact significantly on the following parameters: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin (ALB). However, blood glucose (GLU), total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) significantly increased while creatinine (CRE) and albumin/globulin (A/G) significantly decreased after adaptation. This work further confirms that the Mongolian gerbil is a diurnal animal and also indicates that a suitable adaptation procedure is necessary for getting reliable results when performing experiments using these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yihan Liu
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Laboratory AnimalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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12
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Zorio DAR, Monsma S, Sanes DH, Golding NL, Rubel EW, Wang Y. De novo sequencing and initial annotation of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) genome. Genomics 2019; 111:441-449. [PMID: 29526484 PMCID: PMC6129228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) is a member of the rodent family that displays several features not found in mice or rats, including sensory specializations and social patterns more similar to those in humans. These features have made gerbils a valuable animal for research studies of auditory and visual processing, brain development, learning and memory, and neurological disorders. Here, we report the whole gerbil annotated genome sequence, and identify important similarities and differences to the human and mouse genomes. We further analyze the chromosomal structure of eight genes with high relevance for controlling neural signaling and demonstrate a high degree of homology between these genes in mouse and gerbil. This homology increases the likelihood that individual genes can be rapidly identified in gerbil and used for genetic manipulations. The availability of the gerbil genome provides a foundation for advancing our knowledge towards understanding evolution, behavior and neural function in mammals. ACCESSION NUMBER: The Whole Genome Shotgun sequence data from this project has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession NHTI00000000. The version described in this paper is version NHTI01000000. The fragment reads, and mate pair reads have been deposited in the Sequence Read Archive under BioSample accession SAMN06897401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A R Zorio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | | | - Dan H Sanes
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nace L Golding
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Edwin W Rubel
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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13
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Xiao D, Jin K, Xiang M. Necessity and Sufficiency of Ldb1 in the Generation, Differentiation and Maintenance of Non-photoreceptor Cell Types During Retinal Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:271. [PMID: 30127719 PMCID: PMC6087769 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During mammalian retinal development, the multipotent progenitors differentiate into all classes of retinal cells under the delicate control of transcriptional factors. The deficiency of a transcription cofactor, the LIM-domain binding protein Ldb1, has been shown to cause proliferation and developmental defects in multiple tissues including cardiovascular, hematopoietic, and nervous systems; however, it remains unclear whether and how it regulates retinal development. By expression profiling, RNA in situ hybridization and immunostaining, here we show that Ldb1 is expressed in the progenitors during early retinal development, but later its expression gradually shifts to non-photoreceptor cell types including bipolar, amacrine, horizontal, ganglion, and Müller glial cells. Retina-specific ablation of Ldb1 in mice resulted in microphthalmia, optic nerve hypoplasia, retinal thinning and detachment, and profound vision impairment as determined by electroretinography. In the mutant retina, there was precocious differentiation of amacrine and horizontal cells, indicating a requirement of Ldb1 in maintaining the retinal progenitor pool. Additionally, all non-photoreceptor cell types were greatly reduced which appeared to be caused by a generation defect and/or retinal degeneration via excessive cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that misexpressed Ldb1 was sufficient to promote the generation of bipolar, amacrine, horizontal, ganglion, and Müller glial cells at the expense of photoreceptors. Together, these results demonstrate that Ldb1 is not only necessary but also sufficient for the development and/or maintenance of non-photoreceptor cell types, and implicate that the pleiotropic functions of Ldb1 during retinal development are context-dependent and determined by its interaction with diverse LIM-HD (LIM-homeodomain) and LMO (LIM domain-only) binding protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Liu F, Zhang J, Xiang Z, Xu D, So KF, Vardi N, Xu Y. Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides Protect Retina in rd1 Mice During Photoreceptor Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:597-611. [PMID: 29372259 PMCID: PMC6623178 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As an active component in wolfberry, lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) are capable of protecting retinal neurons in several animal disease models. Here, we asked whether LBP rescues the retinal morphology and function in rd1 mouse, a photoreceptor fast-degenerating animal model of retinitis pigmentosa, and in particular focused on LBP's effects on the function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during photoreceptor degeneration. Methods An equal volume of LBP or control vehicle was daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injected in rd1 mice from postnatal day 4 (P4) to P14, P20, or P24 when photoreceptors completely degenerate. Immunostaining, electroretinogram (ERG), visual behavior tests and multielectrode array (MEA) recordings were assessed to determine the structure and function of the treated retina. Results LBP treatment greatly promoted photoreceptor survival, enhanced ERG responses, and improved visual behaviors in rd1 mice. MEA data showed that LBP treatment in general decreased the abnormally high spontaneous spiking that occurs in rd1 mice, and increased the percentage of light-responsive RGCs as well as their light-evoked response, light sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and response speed. Interestingly, LBP treatment affected ON and OFF responses differently. Conclusions LBP improves retinal morphology and function in rd1 mice, and delays the functional decay of RGCs during photoreceptor degeneration. This is the first study that has examined in detail the effects of LBP on RGC responses. Our data suggest that LBP may help extend the effective time window before more invasive RP therapeutic approaches such as retinoprosthesis are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongqin Xiang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Xu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Changsha Academician Expert Workstation, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Noga Vardi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Changsha Academician Expert Workstation, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Wei W, Liu B, Jiang H, Jin K, Xiang M. Requirement of the Mowat-Wilson Syndrome Gene Zeb2 in the Differentiation and Maintenance of Non-photoreceptor Cell Types During Retinal Development. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1719-1736. [PMID: 29922981 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human transcription factor gene ZEB2 cause Mowat-Wilson syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by multiple and variable anomalies including microcephaly, Hirschsprung disease, intellectual disability, epilepsy, microphthalmia, retinal coloboma, and/or optic nerve hypoplasia. Zeb2 in mice is involved in patterning neural and lens epithelia, neural tube closure, as well as in the specification, differentiation and migration of neural crest cells and cortical neurons. At present, it is still unclear how Zeb2 mutations cause retinal coloboma, whether Zeb2 inactivation results in retinal degeneration, and whether Zeb2 is sufficient to promote the differentiation of different retinal cell types. Here, we show that during mouse retinal development, Zeb2 is expressed transiently in early retinal progenitors and in all non-photoreceptor cell types including bipolar, amacrine, horizontal, ganglion, and Müller glial cells. Its retina-specific ablation causes severe loss of all non-photoreceptor cell types, cell fate switch to photoreceptors by retinal progenitors, and elevated apoptosis, which lead to age-dependent retinal degeneration, optic nerve hypoplasia, synaptic connection defects, and impaired ERG (electroretinogram) responses. Moreover, overexpression of Zeb2 is sufficient to promote the fate of all non-photoreceptor cell types at the expense of photoreceptors. Together, our data not only suggest that Zeb2 is both necessary and sufficient for the differentiation of non-photoreceptor cell types while simultaneously inhibiting the photoreceptor cell fate by repressing transcription factor genes involved in photoreceptor specification and differentiation, but also reveal a necessity of Zeb2 in the long-term maintenance of retinal cell types. This work helps to decipher the etiology of retinal atrophy associated with Mowat-Wilson syndrome and hence will impact on clinical diagnosis and management of the patients suffering from this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Haisong Jiang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kangxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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16
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Fu L, Fung FK, Lo ACY, Chan YK, So KF, Wong IYH, Shih KC, Lai JSM. Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation Inhibits Retinal Microglial Activation and Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival After Acute Ocular Hypertensive Injury. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:7. [PMID: 29862139 PMCID: PMC5976234 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of transcorneal electrical stimulation (TcES) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function and survival after acute ocular hypertension-related retinal injury in gerbil eyes. METHODS Gerbil eyes were subjected to acute ocular hypertensive injury (80 mm Hg for 60 minutes). In the treatment group, TcES was applied to the surgical eye immediately and then twice weekly for a total of 1 month. In the control group, sham TcES was given to the surgical eye at the same time points. Retinal function was assessed and compared between groups using flash electroretinography. For histological analysis, the number of RGC and microglial cells were counted by immunofluorescence staining after the gerbils were sacrificed on day 7 and day 28. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were conducted to compare expression of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, COX-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and NF-κB phosphorylation among groups. RESULTS TcES-treated eyes had significantly higher RGC survival at 1 month compared to controls. This was associated with RGC function. Furthermore, TcES-treated eyes were shown to have increased IL-10 expression, with a corresponding reduction in IL-6 and COX-2 expression as well as reduction in NF-κB phosphorylation. This was associated with a suppression in microglial cell activation in TcES-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS Early treatment with TcES in gerbils protected the RGC from secondary damage and preserved retinal function in acute ocular hypertensive injury through modulation of the microglial-cell activated local inflammatory response. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Our study strengthens the argument for translating TcES as a viable treatment in acute glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Frederic K. Fung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Amy Cheuk-Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yau-Kei Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ian Yat-Hin Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jimmy Shiu-Ming Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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17
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Dellaa A, Benlarbi M, Hammoum I, Gammoudi N, Dogui M, Messaoud R, Azaiz R, Charfeddine R, Khairallah M, Lachapelle P, Ben Chaouacha-Chekir R. Electroretinographic evidence suggesting that the type 2 diabetic retinopathy of the sand rat Psammomys obesus is comparable to that of humans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192400. [PMID: 29420665 PMCID: PMC5805270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetic retinopathy is the main cause of acquired blindness in adults. The aim of this work was to examine the retinal function of the sand rat Psammomys obesus as an animal model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes when subjected to a hypercaloric regimen. Materials and methods Hyperglycemia was induced in Psammomys obesus by high caloric diet (4 kcal/g). The visual function of control (n = 7) and diabetic (n = 7) adult rodents were followed up during 28 consecutive weeks with full-field electroretinogram(ERG) recordings evoked to flashes of white light according to the standard protocol of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision protocol (ISCEV). Results Twenty-eight weeks following the induction of diabetes, results revealed significantly reduced and delayed photopic and scotopic ERG responses in diabetic rats compared to control rats. More specifically, we noted a significant decrease in the amplitude of the dark-adapted 0.01ERG (62%), a- and b-wave amplitudes of the dark-adapted 3.0 ERG (33.6%, 55.1%) and the four major oscillatory potentials components (OP1-OP4) (39.0%, 75.2%, 54.8% and 53.7% respectively). In photopic conditions, diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in a- and b-wave (30.4%, 43.4%), photopic negative response (55.3%), 30 Hz flicker (63.7%), OP1-OP4(51.6%, 61.8%, 68.3% and 47.5% respectively) and S-cone (34.7%). Significantly delayed implicit times were observed for all ERG components in the diabetic animals. Results obtained are comparable to those characterizing the retinal function of patients affected with advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion Psammomys obesus is a useful translational model to study the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy in order to explore new therapeutic avenues in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dellaa
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Maha Benlarbi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imane Hammoum
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Gammoudi
- Department of functional explorations of the nervous system, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Dogui
- Department of functional explorations of the nervous system, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Messaoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rached Azaiz
- UNIMED Pharmaceutical Industry, industrial area Kalaa Kebira, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Charfeddine
- UNIMED Pharmaceutical Industry, industrial area Kalaa Kebira, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Pierre Lachapelle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rafika Ben Chaouacha-Chekir
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
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18
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Postnatal evolution of the ciliary processes in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): a structural, ultrastructural and morphometric study. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Zhang J, Xu D, Ouyang H, Hu S, Li A, Luo H, Xu Y. Neuroprotective effects of methyl 3,4 dihydroxybenzoate in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Eye Res 2017; 162:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Luo X, Yu Y, Xiang Z, Wu H, Ramakrishna S, Wang Y, So KF, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone protects retinal ganglion cells against N
-methyl-d
-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity. J Neurochem 2017; 141:373-386. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Luo
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yankun Yu
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zongqin Xiang
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Huisu Wu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | | | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Jiangsu China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration; Ministry of Education of PRC; Guangzhou China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Ying Xu
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Jiangsu China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration; Ministry of Education of PRC; Guangzhou China
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21
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Dellaa A, Polosa A, Mbarek S, Hammoum I, Messaoud R, Amara S, Azaiz R, Charfeddine R, Dogui M, Khairallah M, Lachapelle P, Ben Chaouacha-Chekir R. Characterizing the Retinal Function ofPsammomys obesus: A Diurnal Rodent Model to Study Human Retinal Function. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:79-87. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1141963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Rocha FADF, Gomes BD, Silveira LCDL, Martins SL, Aguiar RG, de Souza JM, Ventura DF. Spectral Sensitivity Measured with Electroretinogram Using a Constant Response Method. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147318. [PMID: 26800521 PMCID: PMC4723306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method is presented to determine the retinal spectral sensitivity function S(λ) using the electroretinogram (ERG). S(λ)s were assessed in three different species of myomorph rodents, Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), Wistar rats (Ratus norvegicus), and mice (Mus musculus). The method, called AC Constant Method, is based on a computerized automatic feedback system that adjusts light intensity to maintain a constant-response amplitude to a flickering stimulus throughout the spectrum, as it is scanned from 300 to 700 nm, and back. The results are presented as the reciprocal of the intensity at each wavelength required to maintain a constant peak to peak response amplitude. The resulting S(λ) had two peaks in all three rodent species, corresponding to ultraviolet and M cones, respectively: 359 nm and 511 nm for mice, 362 nm and 493 nm for gerbils, and 362 nm and 502 nm for rats. Results for mouse and gerbil were similar to literature reports of S(λ) functions obtained with other methods, confirming that the ERG associated to the AC Constant-Response Method was effective to obtain reliable S(λ) functions. In addition, due to its fast data collection time, the AC Constant Response Method has the advantage of keeping the eye in a constant light adapted state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Duarte Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Lima Silveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sonia Limara Martins
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Genaro Aguiar
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Manuel de Souza
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dora Fix Ventura
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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