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Wang JY, Weng WC, Wang TQ, Liu Y, Qiu DL, Wu MC, Chu CP. Noradrenaline depresses facial stimulation-evoked cerebellar MLI-PC synaptic transmission via α2-AR/PKA signaling cascade in vivo in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15908. [PMID: 37741947 PMCID: PMC10517918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The noradrenergic fibers of the locus coeruleus, together with mossy fibers and climbing fibers, comprise the three types of cerebellar afferents that modulate the cerebellar neuronal circuit. We previously demonstrated that noradrenaline (NA) modulated synaptic transmission in the mouse cerebellar cortex via adrenergic receptors (ARs). In the present study, we investigated the effect of NA on facial stimulation-evoked cerebellar molecular layer interneuron (MLI)-Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic transmission in urethane-anesthetized mice using an in vivo cell-attached recording technique and a pharmacological method. MLI-PC synaptic transmission was induced by air-puff stimulation (duration: 60 ms) of the ipsilateral whisker pad, which exhibited positive components (P1 and P2) accompanied by a pause in simple spike activity. Cerebellar molecular layer application of NA (15 µM) decreased the amplitude and area under the curve of P1, and the pause in simple spike activity, but increased the P2/P1 ratio. The NA-induced decrease in P1 amplitude was concentration-dependent, and the half-inhibitory concentration was 10.94 µM. The NA-induced depression of facial stimulation-evoked MLI-PC GABAergic synaptic transmission was completely abolished by blockade of α-ARs or α2-ARs, but not by antagonism of α1-ARs or β-ARs. Bath application of an α2-AR agonist inhibited MLI-PC synaptic transmission and attenuated the effect of NA on the synaptic response. NA-induced depression of MLI-PC synaptic transmission was completely blocked by a mixture of α2A- and 2B-AR antagonists, and was abolished by inhibition of protein kinase A. In addition, electrical stimulation of the molecular layer evoked MLI-PC GABAergic synaptic transmission in the presence of an AMPA receptor antagonist, which was inhibited by NA through α2-ARs. Our results indicate that NA inhibits MLI-PC GABAergic synaptic transmission by reducing GABA release via an α2-AR/PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-Cai Weng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Department Radiology, Dalian Xinhua Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting-Qi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - De-Lai Qiu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Mao-Cheng Wu
- Department of Osteology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
| | - Chun-Ping Chu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, China.
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Norepinephrine in Cerebellar Modulation and Stress-Induced Episodic Ataxia? Neurology 2023; 100:383-386. [PMID: 36806456 PMCID: PMC9984211 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000206882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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Locus coeruleus degeneration and cerebellar gray matter changes in essential tremor. J Neurol 2023; 270:780-787. [PMID: 36194299 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is not fully understood, and studies suggest pathological changes mainly occur in the cerebellum and locus coeruleus (LC). METHODS Fifty-three ET patients, including 30 patients with head tremor (h-ET), 23 patients without head tremor (nh-ET), 71 age and education matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All participants underwent Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) and T1 scans on a 3-Tesla MR system. Next, we assessed the relationship between the contrast-to-noise ratio of LC (CNRLC) and the score of The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) and cerebellum gray matter (GM) volume. RESULTS Significant difference of CNRLC was found between ET and HC groups. The CNRLC of ET groups is lower than the HC group (p = 0.031). Subgroup analysis showed that the CNRLC in nh-ET was significantly lower than HCs (p = 0.016). Compared to HCs, h-ETs showed marked atrophy in the cerebellum: the vermis IV-V and lobule VI (GRF corrected, p < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between CNRLC and the vermis lobule IV-V in h-ETs (r = - 0.651, p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between CNRLC and TETRAS scores. CONCLUSION The LC and the cerebellum might both involve in the pathophysiology of ET. LC evaluation using NM-MRI might be an effective tool for us to explore the pathophysiology of ET further.
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Hirono M, Karube F, Yanagawa Y. Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:661899. [PMID: 34194302 PMCID: PMC8236809 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.661899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in reward, language, and social behavior. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) make inhibitory GABAergic synapses with their target neurons: other PCs and Lugaro/globular cells via PC axon collaterals, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) via PC primary axons. PC-Lugaro/globular cell connections form a cerebellar cortical microcircuit, which is driven by serotonin and noradrenaline. PCs' primary outputs control not only firing but also synaptic plasticity of DCN neurons following the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the cerebellar cortex. Thus, strong PC-mediated inhibition is involved in cerebellar functions as a key regulator of cerebellar neural networks. In this review, we focus on physiological characteristics of GABAergic transmission from PCs. First, we introduce monoaminergic modulation of GABAergic transmission at synapses of PC-Lugaro/globular cell as well as PC-large glutamatergic DCN neuron, and a Lugaro/globular cell-incorporated microcircuit. Second, we review the physiological roles of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are organized components of the extracellular matrix and enwrap the cell bodies and proximal processes, in GABA release from PCs to large glutamatergic DCN neurons and in cerebellar motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in PNN density in the DCN can regulate cerebellar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritoshi Hirono
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Karube
- Lab of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Carlson ES, Hunker AC, Sandberg SG, Locke TM, Geller JM, Schindler AG, Thomas SA, Darvas M, Phillips PEM, Zweifel LS. Catecholaminergic Innervation of the Lateral Nucleus of the Cerebellum Modulates Cognitive Behaviors. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3512-3530. [PMID: 33536201 PMCID: PMC8051686 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2406-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum processes neural signals related to rewarding and aversive stimuli, suggesting that the cerebellum supports nonmotor functions in cognitive and emotional domains. Catecholamines are a class of neuromodulatory neurotransmitters well known for encoding such salient stimuli. Catecholaminergic modulation of classical cerebellar functions have been demonstrated. However, a role for cerebellar catecholamines in modulating cerebellar nonmotor functions is unknown. Using biochemical methods in male mice, we comprehensively mapped TH+ fibers throughout the entire cerebellum and known precerebellar nuclei. Using electrochemical (fast scan cyclic voltammetry), and viral/genetic methods to selectively delete Th in fibers innervating the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN), we interrogated sources and functional roles of catecholamines innervating the LCN, which is known for its role in supporting cognition. The LCN has the most TH+ fibers in cerebellum, as well as the most change in rostrocaudal expression among the cerebellar nuclei. Norepinephrine is the major catecholamine measured in LCN. Distinct catecholaminergic projections to LCN arise only from locus coeruleus, and a subset of Purkinje cells that are positive for staining of TH. LC stimulation was sufficient to produce catecholamine release in LCN. Deletion of Th in fibers innervating LCN (LCN-Th-cKO) resulted in impaired sensorimotor integration, associative fear learning, response inhibition, and working memory in LCN-Th-cKO mice. Strikingly, selective inhibition of excitatory LCN output neurons with inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs led to facilitation of learning on the same working memory task impaired in LCN-Th-cKO mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate a role for LCN catecholamines in cognitive behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we report on interrogating sources and functional roles of catecholamines innervating the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum (LCN). We map and quantify expression of TH, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, in the entire cerebellar system, including several precerebellar nuclei. We used cyclic voltammetry and pharmacology to demonstrate sufficiency of LC stimulation to produce catecholamine release in LCN. We used advanced viral techniques to map and selectively KO catecholaminergic neurotransmission to the LCN, and characterized significant cognitive deficits related to this manipulation. Finally, we show that inhibition of excitatory LCN neurons with designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs, designed to mimic Gi-coupled catecholamine GPCR signaling, results in facilitation of a working memory task impaired in LCN-specific TH KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Avery C Hunker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Stefan G Sandberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Timothy M Locke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Julianne M Geller
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Abigail G Schindler
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Steven A Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Martin Darvas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Paul E M Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Larry S Zweifel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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β-Adrenergic Receptors/Epac Signaling Increases the Size of the Readily Releasable Pool of Synaptic Vesicles Required for Parallel Fiber LTP. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8604-8617. [PMID: 33046543 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0716-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The second messenger cAMP is an important determinant of synaptic plasticity that is associated with enhanced neurotransmitter release. Long-term potentiation (LTP) at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses depends on a Ca2+-induced increase in presynaptic cAMP that is mediated by Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclases. However, the upstream signaling and the downstream targets of cAMP involved in these events remain poorly understood. It is unclear whether cAMP generated by β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) is required for PF-PC LTP, although noradrenergic varicosities are apposed in PF-PC contacts. Guanine nucleotide exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP [Epac proteins (Epac 1-2)] are alternative cAMP targets to protein kinase A (PKA) and Epac2 is abundant in the cerebellum. However, whether Epac proteins participate in PF-PC LTP is not known. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that βARs are expressed in PF boutons. Moreover, activation of these receptors through their agonist isoproterenol potentiated synaptic transmission in cerebellar slices from mice of either sex, an effect that was insensitive to the PKA inhibitors (H-89, KT270) but that was blocked by the Epac inhibitor ESI 05. Interestingly, prior activation of these βARs occluded PF-PC LTP, while the β1AR antagonist metoprolol blocked PF-PC LTP, which was also absent in Epac2 -/- mice. PF-PC LTP is associated with an increase in the size of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles, consistent with the isoproterenol-induced increase in vesicle docking in cerebellar slices. Thus, the βAR-mediated modulation of the release machinery and the subsequent increase in the size of the RRP contributes to PF-PC LTP.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT G-protein-coupled receptors modulate the release machinery, causing long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission that influence synaptic plasticity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying synaptic responses to β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation remain poorly understood. An increase in the number of synaptic vesicles primed for exocytosis accounts for the potentiation of neurotransmitter release driven by βARs. This effect is not mediated by the canonical protein kinase A pathway but rather, through direct activation of the guanine nucleotide exchange protein Epac by cAMP. Interestingly, this βAR signaling via Epac is involved in long term potentiation at cerebellar granule cell-to-Purkinje cell synapses. Thus, the pharmacological activation of βARs modulates synaptic plasticity and opens therapeutic opportunities to control this phenomenon.
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Cui LN, Sun N, Li BX, Wang LF, Zhang XY, Qiu DL, Chu CP. Noradrenaline inhibits complex spikes activity via the presynaptic PKA signaling pathway in mouse cerebellar slices. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:135008. [PMID: 32344107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NA) is an important neurotransmitter of the cerebellum that regulates synaptic transmission, motor regulation and motor learning under certain conditions via adrenergic receptors (ARs). We previously found that NA depressed cerebellar climbing fiber-Purkinje cell (CF-PC) synaptic transmission via α2-ARs in vivo in mice. We here investigated the mechanisms of NA inhibited CF-PC synaptic transmission in acute cerebellar slices using the whole-cell recording technique and pharmacological methods. Bath application of NA (10 μM) depressed CF-PC synaptic transmission, which exhibited a time-dependent decrease in amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (N1), accompanied by an increase in the paired-pulse ratio (PPR). The NA-induced depression of CF-PC synaptic transmission was significantly prevented by inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) with either H-89 or KT5720. Furthermore, the NA-induced inhibition of CF-PC synaptic transmission was rescued by activation adenylate cyclase (AC), and the AC-induced enhancement of CF-PC synaptic transmission was depressed by NA. Moreover, inhibition of AC with SQ22536, produced a significant depression of CF-PC synaptic transmission and abrogated the NA-induced depression of CF-PC synaptic transmission. However, the NA-induced depression of CF-PC synaptic transmission was not blocked by intracellular inhibition of PKA with a cell impermeable PKA inhibitor, PKI, or by extracellular inhibition of protein kinase C. These results indicate that NA activates presynaptic α2-AR, resulting in a depression of mouse cerebellar CF-PC synaptic transmission through the AC-PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Cui
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China; Department of Acupuncture, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Na Sun
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Bing-Xue Li
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Fei Wang
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - De-Lai Qiu
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
| | - Chun-Ping Chu
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
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8
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Moreno-Rius J. Opioid addiction and the cerebellum. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:238-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sun N, Li BX, Hong YJ, Bing YH, Qiu DL, Chu CP. Noradrenaline depresses spontaneous complex spikes activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells via α2-adrenergic receptor in vivo in mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 703:38-44. [PMID: 30853408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons afferents release noradrenaline (NA) in the cerebellar cortex for modulating cerebellar neuronal circuitry function. Our previous study found that NA inhibited the spontaneous simple spikes activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PC) through activation of molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) in vivo in mice. We here examined the effects of NA on spontaneous complex spikes (CSs) activity of cerebellar PC in urethane-anesthetized mice by electrophysiology recording technique and pharmacological methods. Our results showed that cerebellar surface perfusion of NA significantly reduced the number of spikelets and the area under curve (AUC) of the spontaneous CSs. Application of nonselective adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, phentolamine, abolished the NA-induced inhibition of CSs. However applying a nonselective β-AR blocker, propranolol, failed to prevent the NA-induced inhibition of CSs activity. The NA-induced inhibition of CSs activity was not blocked by α1-AR antagonist, prazosin, but it was abolished by α2-AR antagonist, yohimibine. Moreover, application of α2-AR agonist, UK14304 induced a depression of CSs activity and mimicked the NA-induced inhibition of CS activity. These results indicate that NA regulates spontaneous CSs activity of cerebellar PCs via activation of α2-AR in vivo in mice. Our present results suggest that noradrenergic neurons of LC may modulate the outputs of cerebellar PCs via inhibition of CSs activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China; Department of Clinical Blood and Body Fluid Testing, College of Medical Technique, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bing-Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Ying-Ji Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Bing
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - De-Lai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Ping Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.
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10
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Moscato L, Montagna I, De Propris L, Tritto S, Mapelli L, D'Angelo E. Long-Lasting Response Changes in Deep Cerebellar Nuclei in vivo Correlate With Low-Frequency Oscillations. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:84. [PMID: 30894802 PMCID: PMC6414422 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) have been suggested to play a critical role in sensorimotor learning and some forms of long-term synaptic plasticity observed in vitro have been proposed as a possible substrate. However, till now it was not clear whether and how DCN neuron responses manifest long-lasting changes in vivo. Here, we have characterized DCN unit responses to tactile stimulation of the facial area in anesthetized mice and evaluated the changes induced by theta-sensory stimulation (TSS), a 4 Hz stimulation pattern that is known to induce plasticity in the cerebellar cortex in vivo. DCN units responded to tactile stimulation generating bursts and pauses, which reflected combinations of excitatory inputs most likely relayed by mossy fiber collaterals, inhibitory inputs relayed by Purkinje cells, and intrinsic rebound firing. Interestingly, initial bursts and pauses were often followed by stimulus-induced oscillations in the peri-stimulus time histograms (PSTH). TSS induced long-lasting changes in DCN unit responses. Spike-related potentiation and suppression (SR-P and SR-S), either in units initiating the response with bursts or pauses, were correlated with stimulus-induced oscillations. Fitting with resonant functions suggested the existence of peaks in the theta-band (burst SR-P at 9 Hz, pause SR-S at 5 Hz). Optogenetic stimulation of the cerebellar cortex altered stimulus-induced oscillations suggesting that Purkinje cells play a critical role in the circuits controlling DCN oscillations and plasticity. This observation complements those reported before on the granular and molecular layers supporting the generation of multiple distributed plasticities in the cerebellum following naturally patterned sensory entrainment. The unique dependency of DCN plasticity on circuit oscillations discloses a potential relationship between cerebellar learning and activity patterns generated in the cerebellar network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Moscato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ileana Montagna
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Licia De Propris
- Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Tritto
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Mapelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Tan GH, Liu YY, Wang L, Li K, Zhang ZQ, Li HF, Yang ZF, Li Y, Li D, Wu MY, Yu CL, Long JJ, Chen RC, Li LX, Yin LP, Liu JW, Cheng XW, Shen Q, Shu YS, Sakimura K, Liao LJ, Wu ZY, Xiong ZQ. PRRT2 deficiency induces paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia by regulating synaptic transmission in cerebellum. Cell Res 2017; 28:90-110. [PMID: 29056747 PMCID: PMC5752836 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) are associated with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and several other paroxysmal neurological diseases, but the PRRT2 function and pathogenic mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here we show that PRRT2 is a presynaptic protein that interacts with components of the SNARE complex and downregulates its formation. Loss-of-function mutant mice showed PKD-like phenotypes triggered by generalized seizures, hyperthermia, or optogenetic stimulation of the cerebellum. Mutant mice with specific PRRT2 deletion in cerebellar granule cells (GCs) recapitulate the behavioral phenotypes seen in Prrt2-null mice. Furthermore, recording made in cerebellar slices showed that optogenetic stimulation of GCs results in transient elevation followed by suppression of Purkinje cell firing. The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine used in PKD treatment also relieved PKD-like behaviors in mutant mice. Together, our findings identify PRRT2 as a novel regulator of the SNARE complex and provide a circuit mechanism underlying the PRRT2-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-He Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kui Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ze-Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhong-Fei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chun-Lei Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Juan-Juan Long
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ren-Chao Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li-Xi Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Lu-Ping Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ji-Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xue-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - You-Sheng Shu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Lu-Jian Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Xiong
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Movement Rate Is Encoded and Influenced by Widespread, Coherent Activity of Cerebellar Molecular Layer Interneurons. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4751-4765. [PMID: 28389475 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0534-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition from molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) is thought to play an important role in cerebellar function by sharpening the precision of Purkinje cell spike output. Yet the coding features of MLIs during behavior are poorly understood. To study MLI activity, we used in vivo Ca2+ imaging in head-fixed mice during the performance of a rhythmic motor behavior, licking during water consumption. MLIs were robustly active during lick-related movement across a lobule-specific region of the cerebellum showing high temporal correspondence within their population. Average MLI Ca2+ activity strongly correlated with movement rate but not to the intentional, or unexpected, adjustment of lick position or to sensory feedback that varied with task condition. Chemogenetic suppression of MLI output reduced lick rate and altered tongue movements, indicating that activity of these interneurons not only encodes temporal aspects of movement kinematics but also influences motor outcome pointing to an integral role in online control of rhythmic behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cerebellum helps fine-tune coordinated motor actions via signaling from projection neurons called Purkinje cells. Molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) provide powerful inhibition onto Purkinje cells, but little is understood about how this inhibitory circuit is engaged during behavior or what type of information is transmitted through these neurons. Our work establishes that MLIs in the lateral cerebellum are broadly activated during movement with calcium activity corresponding to movement rate. We also show that suppression of MLI output slows and disorganizes the precise movement pattern. Therefore, MLIs are an important circuit element in the cerebellum allowing for accurate motor control.
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