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Dylla L, Higgins HM, Stephenson D, Reisz JA, Vu T, Poisson SN, Herson PS, Monte AA. Sex Differences in the Blood Metabolome During Acute Response to Ischemic Stroke. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38946610 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Females suffer greater lifetime risk of stroke and greater morbidity and mortality from stroke compared with males. This study's objective was to identify differences in metabolomic profiling of females and males with stroke and which differences were associated with neurological outcome. Methods: Females and males with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the Emergency Medicine Specimen Bank at a comprehensive stroke center provided whole blood samples upon arrival for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the cohort. A linear regression model was fit for individual metabolites to determine differences in relative abundance between males and females while controlling for covariates (age, race/ethnicity, postmenopausal status, cardiovascular risk factors, depression, time between sample collection and last known well, and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score). For each differentially expressed metabolite, a linear regression model was fit to determine the association between the metabolite and NIHSS at 24 hours after admission while controlling for the covariates and acute treatments. Results: After adjusting for covariates, eight metabolites differed in females and males with a stroke. These included amino acids or their metabolites (proline and tryptophan), nucleotides (guanosine diphosphate [GDP], and inosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate), citrate, dehydroascorbate, choline, and acylcarnitine-(5-OH). GDP and dehydroascorbate were significantly associated with 24-hour NIHSS (p = 0.0991). Conclusions: Few metabolites were differentially abundant in blood after a stroke when comparing females with males and controlling for confounders, but the interactions between biological sex and GDP, as well as biological sex and dehydroascorbate, were associated with 24-hour neurological function. This has important implications for future studies that evaluate the therapeutic potential of these metabolites in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layne Dylla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hannah M Higgins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thao Vu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sharon N Poisson
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew A Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Poisson and Drug Center, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Wei L, Chen S, Deng X, Liu Y, Wang H, Gao X, Huang Y. Metabolomic discoveries for early diagnosis and traditional Chinese medicine efficacy in ischemic stroke. Biomark Res 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 38902829 PMCID: PMC11188286 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), a devastating cerebrovascular accident, presents with high mortality and morbidity. Following IS onset, a cascade of pathological changes, including excitotoxicity, inflammatory damage, and blood-brain barrier disruption, significantly impacts prognosis. However, current clinical practices struggle with early diagnosis and identifying these alterations. Metabolomics, a powerful tool in systems biology, offers a promising avenue for uncovering early diagnostic biomarkers for IS. By analyzing dynamic metabolic profiles, metabolomics can not only aid in identifying early IS biomarkers but also evaluate Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) efficacy and explore its mechanisms of action in IS treatment. Animal studies demonstrate that TCM interventions modulate specific metabolite levels, potentially reflecting their therapeutic effects. Identifying relevant metabolites in cerebral ischemia patients holds immense potential for early diagnosis and improved outcomes. This review focuses on recent metabolomic discoveries of potential early diagnostic biomarkers for IS. We explore variations in metabolites observed across different ages, genders, disease severity, and stages. Additionally, the review examines how specific TCM extracts influence IS development through metabolic changes, potentially revealing their mechanisms of action. Finally, we emphasize the importance of integrating metabolomics with other omics approaches for a comprehensive understanding of IS pathophysiology and TCM efficacy, paving the way for precision medicine in IS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhe Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
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Yadav S, Kumar A, Singh S, Ahmad S, Singh G, Khan AR, Chaurasia RN, Kumar D. NMR based Serum metabolomics revealed metabolic signatures associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in brain stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:283-294. [PMID: 38095788 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Brain stroke (BS, also known as a cerebrovascular accident), represents a serious global health crisis. It has been a leading cause of permanent disability and unfortunately, frequent fatalities due to lack of timely medical intervention. While progress has been made in prevention and management, the complexities and consequences of stroke continue to pose significant challenges, especially, its impact on patient's quality of life and independence. During stroke, there is a substantial decrease in oxygen supply to the brain leading to alteration of cellular metabolic pathways, including those involved in mitochondrial-damage, leading to mitochondrial-dysfunction. The present proof-of-the-concept metabolomics study has been performed to gain insights into the metabolic pathways altered following a brain stroke and discover new potential targets for timely interventions to mitigate the effects of cellular and mitochondrial damage in BS. The serum metabolic profiles of 108 BS-patients were measured using 800 MHz NMR spectroscopy and compared with 60 age and sex matched normal control (NC) subjects. Compared to NC, the serum levels of glutamate, TCA-cycle intermediates (such as citrate, succinate, etc.), and membrane metabolites (betaine, choline, etc.) were found to be decreased BS patients, whereas those of methionine, mannose, mannitol, phenylalanine, urea, creatine and organic acids (such as 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetone) were found to be elevated in BS patients. These metabolic changes hinted towards hypoxia mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in BS-patients. Further, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) values for five metabolic features (methionine, mannitol, phenylalanine, mannose and urea) found to be more than 0.9 suggesting their high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating BS from NC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Abhai Kumar
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Zoology, Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Rahman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Huang W, Zhao S, Liu H, Pan M, Dong H. The Role of Protein Degradation in Estimation Postmortem Interval and Confirmation of Cause of Death in Forensic Pathology: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1659. [PMID: 38338938 PMCID: PMC10855206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that proteins are important bio-macromolecules in human organisms, and numerous proteins are widely used in the clinical practice, whereas their application in forensic science is currently limited. This limitation is mainly attributed to the postmortem degradation of targeted proteins, which can significantly impact final conclusions. In the last decade, numerous methods have been established to detect the protein from a forensic perspective, and some of the postmortem proteins have been applied in forensic practice. To better understand the emerging issues and challenges in postmortem proteins, we have reviewed the current application of protein technologies at postmortem in forensic practice. Meanwhile, we discuss the application of proteins in identifying the cause of death, and postmortem interval (PMI). Finally, we highlight the interpretability and limitations of postmortem protein challenges. We believe that utilizing the multi-omics method can enhance the comprehensiveness of applying proteins in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Shuquan Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Huine Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Meichen Pan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
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5
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Demicheva E, Dordiuk V, Polanco Espino F, Ushenin K, Aboushanab S, Shevyrin V, Buhler A, Mukhlynina E, Solovyova O, Danilova I, Kovaleva E. Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Blood Metabolomics Profiling for Non-Cancer Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:54. [PMID: 38248857 PMCID: PMC10820779 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood metabolomics profiling using mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful approach for investigating non-cancer diseases and understanding their underlying metabolic alterations. Blood, as a readily accessible physiological fluid, contains a diverse repertoire of metabolites derived from various physiological systems. Mass spectrometry offers a universal and precise analytical platform for the comprehensive analysis of blood metabolites, encompassing proteins, lipids, peptides, glycans, and immunoglobulins. In this comprehensive review, we present an overview of the research landscape in mass spectrometry-based blood metabolomics profiling. While the field of metabolomics research is primarily focused on cancer, this review specifically highlights studies related to non-cancer diseases, aiming to bring attention to valuable research that often remains overshadowed. Employing natural language processing methods, we processed 507 articles to provide insights into the application of metabolomic studies for specific diseases and physiological systems. The review encompasses a wide range of non-cancer diseases, with emphasis on cardiovascular disease, reproductive disease, diabetes, inflammation, and immunodeficiency states. By analyzing blood samples, researchers gain valuable insights into the metabolic perturbations associated with these diseases, potentially leading to the identification of novel biomarkers and the development of personalized therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of various mass spectrometry approaches utilized in blood metabolomics research, including GC-MS, LC-MS, and others discussing their advantages and limitations. To enhance the scope, we propose including recent review articles supporting the applicability of GC×GC-MS for metabolomics-based studies. This addition will contribute to a more exhaustive understanding of the available analytical techniques. The Integration of mass spectrometry-based blood profiling into clinical practice holds promise for improving disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and patient outcomes. By unraveling the complex metabolic alterations associated with non-cancer diseases, researchers and healthcare professionals can pave the way for precision medicine and personalized therapeutic interventions. Continuous advancements in mass spectrometry technology and data analysis methods will further enhance the potential of blood metabolomics profiling in non-cancer diseases, facilitating its translation from the laboratory to routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Demicheva
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Vladislav Dordiuk
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Fernando Polanco Espino
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Konstantin Ushenin
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (AIRI), Moscow 105064, Russia
| | - Saied Aboushanab
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.A.); (V.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Vadim Shevyrin
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.A.); (V.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Aleksey Buhler
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Elena Mukhlynina
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Irina Danilova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Elena Kovaleva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.A.); (V.S.); (E.K.)
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Baranovicova E, Kalenska D, Kaplan P, Kovalska M, Tatarkova Z, Lehotsky J. Blood and Brain Metabolites after Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17302. [PMID: 38139131 PMCID: PMC10743907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of an organism's response to cerebral ischemia at different levels is essential to understanding the mechanism of the injury and protection. A great interest is devoted to finding the links between quantitative metabolic changes and post-ischemic damage. This work aims to summarize the outcomes of the most studied metabolites in brain tissue-lactate, glutamine, GABA (4-aminobutyric acid), glutamate, and NAA (N-acetyl aspartate)-regarding their biological function in physiological conditions and their role after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We focused on ischemic damage and post-ischemic recovery in both experimental-including our results-as well as clinical studies. We discuss the role of blood glucose in view of the diverse impact of hyperglycemia, whether experimentally induced, caused by insulin resistance, or developed as a stress response to the cerebral ischemic event. Additionally, based on our and other studies, we analyze and critically discuss post-ischemic alterations in energy metabolites and the elevation of blood ketone bodies observed in the studies on rodents. To complete the schema, we discuss alterations in blood plasma circulating amino acids after cerebral ischemia. So far, no fundamental brain or blood metabolite(s) has been recognized as a relevant biological marker with the feasibility to determine the post-ischemic outcome or extent of ischemic damage. However, studies from our group on rats subjected to protective ischemic preconditioning showed that these animals did not develop post-ischemic hyperglycemia and manifested a decreased metabolic infringement and faster metabolomic recovery. The metabolomic approach is an additional tool for understanding damaging and/or restorative processes within the affected brain region reflected in the blood to uncover the response of the whole organism via interorgan metabolic communications to the stressful cerebral ischemic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dagmar Kalenska
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
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Oliveira N, Sousa A, Amaral AP, Graça G, Verde I. Searching for Metabolic Markers of Stroke in Human Plasma via NMR Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16173. [PMID: 38003362 PMCID: PMC10671802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 12 million people around the world suffer a stroke every year, one every 3 s. Stroke has a variety of causes and is often the result of a complex interaction of risk factors related to age, genetics, gender, lifestyle, and some cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Despite this evidence, it is not possible to prevent the onset of stroke. The use of innovative methods for metabolite analysis has been explored in the last years to detect new stroke biomarkers. We use NMR spectroscopy to identify small molecule variations between different stages of stroke risk. The Framingham Stroke Risk Score was used in people over 63 years of age living in long-term care facilities (LTCF) to calculate the probability of suffering a stroke. Using this parameter, three study groups were formed: low stroke risk (LSR, control), moderate stroke risk (MSR) and high stroke risk (HSR). Univariate statistical analysis showed seven metabolites with increasing plasma levels across different stroke risk groups, from LSR to HSR: isoleucine, asparagine, formate, creatinine, dimethylsulfone and two unidentified molecules, which we termed "unknown-1" and "unknown-3". These metabolic markers can be used for early detection and to detect increasing stages of stroke risk more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (N.O.); (A.S.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Adriana Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (N.O.); (A.S.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Ana Paula Amaral
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (N.O.); (A.S.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Gonçalo Graça
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ignacio Verde
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (N.O.); (A.S.); (A.P.A.)
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Zheng Y, Zhao F, Hu Y, Yan F, Tian Y, Wang R, Huang Y, Zhong L, Luo Y, Ma Q. LC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling of the protective butylphthalide effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107347. [PMID: 37716103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate metabolic biomarker changes and related metabolic pathways of Butylphthalide (NBP) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS In this study, a mouse cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model was prepared using the middle cerebral artery occlusion method, and neurobehavioral score and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining experiments were used to confirm the obvious NBP anti-cerebral ischemia effect. The protective effect of NBP in the mouse cerebral I/R model and its metabolic pathway and mechanism were investigated using mouse blood samples. RESULTS The metabolic profiles of mice in the I/R+NBP, I/R, and sham groups were significantly different. Under the condition that I/R vs. sham was downregulated and I/R + NBP vs. I/R was upregulated, 88 differential metabolites, including estradiol, ubiquinone-2, 2-oxoarginine, and L-histidine trimethylbetaine, were screened and identified. The related metabolic pathways involved arginine and proline metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, ubiquitin and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and estrogen signaling. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics was used to elucidate the NBP mechanism in cerebral ischemia treatment in mice, revealing synergistic NBP pharmacological characteristics with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhong
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Yao X, Kong X, Ren J, Cui Y, Chen S, Cheng J, Gao J, Sun J, Xu X, Hu W, Li H, Che F, Wan Q. Transcranial direct-current stimulation confers neuroprotection by regulating isoleucine-dependent signalling after rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3330-3346. [PMID: 37452630 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Isoleucine is a branched chain amino acid. The role of isoleucine in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear. Here, we show that the concentration of isoleucine is decreased in cerebrospinal fluid in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To our surprise, the level of intraneuronal isoleucine is increased in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia injury, the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that the increased activity of LAT1, an L-type amino acid transporter 1, leads to the elevation of intraneuronal isoleucine after OGD insult. Reducing the level of intraneuronal isoleucine promotes cell survival after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, but supplementing isoleucine aggravates the neuronal damage. To understand how isoleucine promotes ischemia-induced neuronal death, we reveal that isoleucine acts upstream to reduce the expression of CBFB (core binding factor β, a transcript factor involved in cell development and growth) and that the phosphatase PTEN acts downstream of CBFB to mediate isoleucine-induced neuronal damage after OGD insult. Interestingly, we demonstrate that direct-current stimulation reduces the level of intraneuronal isoleucine in cortical cultures subjected to OGD and that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) decreases the cerebral infarct volume of MCAO rat through reducing LAT1-depencent increase of intraneuronal isoleucine. Together, these results lead us to conclude that LAT1 over activation-dependent isoleucine-CBFB-PTEN signal transduction pathway may mediate ischemic neuronal injury and that tDCS exerts its neuroprotective effect by suppressing LAT1 over activation-dependent signalling after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujin Yao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyang Ren
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingchen Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanting Li
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Gui-Hong Intelligent Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
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10
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Zhang J, Qi A, Liu L, Cai C, Xu H. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics to Reveal the Protection of Coptisine against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidant. Molecules 2023; 28:6350. [PMID: 37687175 PMCID: PMC10489949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coptisine (Cop) exerts a neuroprotective effect on central nervous system disease, particularly ischemic stroke. However, its protective mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Cop on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) rats with a middle cerebral artery occlusion model by integrating a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach with biochemical assessment. Our results showed that Cop could improve neurobehavioral function and decrease the ischemia size in IR rats. In addition, Cop was found to decrease inflammatory mediators (e.g., prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and attenuate oxidative stress response (e.g., increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and decrease 8-iso-PGF2α level). Furthermore, the GC-MS-based cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomics analysis indicated that Cop influenced the level of glycine, 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyric acid, oleic acid, glycerol, and ribose during IR injury. Cop exhibited a good neuroprotective effect against cerebral IR injury and metabolic alterations, which might be mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Traditional Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (A.Q.); (L.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Ao Qi
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (A.Q.); (L.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (A.Q.); (L.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Chun Cai
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (A.Q.); (L.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Traditional Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Huang D, Yang Y, Song W, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Lin Z, Ke X. Untargeted metabonomic analysis of a cerebral stroke model in rats: a study based on UPLC-MS/MS. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1084813. [PMID: 37614341 PMCID: PMC10442664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1084813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain tissue damage caused by ischemic stroke can trigger changes in the body's metabolic response, and understanding the changes in the metabolic response of the gut after stroke can contribute to research on poststroke brain function recovery. Despite the increase in international research on poststroke metabolic mechanisms and the availability of powerful research tools in recent years, there is still an urgent need for poststroke metabolic studies. Metabolomic examination of feces from a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model can provide new insights into poststroke metabolism and identify key metabolic pathways, which will help reveal diagnostic and therapeutic targets as well as inspire pathophysiological studies after stroke. Methods We randomly divided 16 healthy adult pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats into the normal group and the study group, which received middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLCMS/MS) was used to determine the identities and concentrations of metabolites across all groups, and filtered high-quality data were analyzed for differential screening and differential metabolite functional analysis. Results After 1 and 14 days of modeling, compared to the normal group, rats in the study group showed significant neurological deficits (p < 0.001) and significantly increased infarct volume (day 1: p < 0.001; day 14: p = 0.001). Mass spectra identified 1,044 and 635 differential metabolites in rat feces in positive and negative ion modes, respectively, which differed significantly between the normal and study groups. The metabolites with increased levels identified in the study group were involved in tryptophan metabolism (p = 0.036678, p < 0.05), arachidonic acid metabolism (p = 0.15695), cysteine and methionine metabolism (p = 0.24705), and pyrimidine metabolism (p = 0.3413), whereas the metabolites with decreased levels were involved in arginine and proline metabolism (p = 0.15695) and starch and sucrose metabolism (p = 0.52256). Discussion We determined that UPLC-MS/MS could be employed for untargeted metabolomics research. Moreover, tryptophan metabolic pathways may have been disordered in the study group. Alterations in the tryptophan metabolome may provide additional theoretical and data support for elucidating stroke pathogenesis and selecting pathways for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunbing Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Second Rehabilitation Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Diseases, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Second Rehabilitation Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Diseases, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Xiaohua Ke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Sidorov EV, Rout M, Xu C, Jordan L, Fields E, Apple B, Smith K, Gordon D, Chainakul J, Sanghera DK. Difference in acute and chronic stage ischemic stroke metabolic markers with controls. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107211. [PMID: 37331250 PMCID: PMC10527469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS), a major cause of disability, was previously associated with multiple metabolomic changes, but many findings were contradictory. Case-control and longitudinal study designs could have played a role in that. To clarify metabolomic changes, we performed a simultaneous comparison of ischemic stroke metabolome in acute, chronic stages of stroke and controls. METHODS Through the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform, we evaluated 271 serum metabolites from a cohort of 297 AIS patients in acute and chronic stages and 159 controls. We used Sparse Partial Least Squares-Discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) to evaluate group disparity; multivariate regression to compare metabolome in acute, chronic stages of stroke and controls; and mixed regression to compare metabolome acute and chronic stages of stroke. We applied false discovery rate (FDR) to our calculations. RESULTS The sPLS-DA revealed separation of the metabolome in acute, chronic stages of stroke and controls. Regression analysis identified 38 altered metabolites. Ketones, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), energy, and inflammatory compounds were mostly elevated, while alanine and glutamine were decreased in the acute stage. These metabolites declined/increased in the chronic stage, often to the same levels as in controls. Levels of fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines, phosphoglycerides, and sphingomyelins did not change between acute and chronic stages, but were different comparing to controls. CONCLUSION Our pilot study identified metabolites associated with acute stage of ischemic stroke and those that are altered in stroke patients comparing to controls regardless of stroke acuity. Future investigation in a larger independent cohort is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Sidorov
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA.
| | - Madhusmita Rout
- Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | | | - Evan Fields
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Blair Apple
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kyle Smith
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - David Gordon
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Juliane Chainakul
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA.
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13
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Zagubnaya OA, Nartsissov YR. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF VITAMIN B6. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-6-500-514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms that determine the possibility of using vitamin B6 in clinical practice for the correction of various pathological conditions.Materials and methods. Information retrieval (Scopus, PubMed) and library (eLibrary) databases were used as research tools. In some cases, the ResearchGate application was used for a semantic search. The analysis and generalization of the scientific literature on the topic of research, covering the period from 1989 to the present, has been carried out in the work.Results. It has been shown that all chemical forms of vitamin B6 are able to penetrate the membranes of most cells by free diffusion, while forming phosphorylated forms inside. Pyridoxal phosphate is a biologically important metabolite that is directly involved as a cofactor in a variety of intracellular reactions. Requirements for this cofactor depend on the age, sex and condition of the patient. Pregnancy and lactation play a special role in the consumption of vitamin B6. In most cases, a balanced diet will provide an acceptable level of this vitamin. At the same time, its deficiency leads to the development of a number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammations and diabetes. Negative manifestations from the central nervous system are also possible with an excessive consumption of B6.Conclusion. Replenishment of the vitamin B6 level in case of its identified deficiency is a necessary condition for the successful treatment of the central nervous system diseases, diabetes and correction of patients’ immune status. At the same time, it is necessary to observe a balanced intake of this cofactor in order to avoid negative effects on metabolism in case of its excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Zagubnaya
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;
Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH
| | - Y. R. Nartsissov
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;
Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH
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14
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Chen Q, Zhou T, Yuan JJ, Xiong XY, Liu XH, Qiu ZM, Hu LL, Lu H, He Q, Liu C, Yang QW. Metabolomics profiling to characterize cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1091616. [PMID: 36814490 PMCID: PMC9939521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1091616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, resulting from compromised blood flow, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Potential deleterious injuries resulting from reperfusion therapies remain a clinical challenge for physicians. This study aimed to explore the metabolomic alterations during ischemia-reperfusion injury by employing metabolomic analysis coupled with gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole (UPLC/Q)-TOF-MS. Metabolomic data from mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion (MCAO/R) were compared to those of the sham and MCAO groups. A total of 82 simultaneously differentially expressed metabolites were identified among each group. The top three major classifications of these differentially expressed metabolites were organic acids, lipids, and organooxygen compounds. Metabolomics pathway analysis was conducted to identify the underlying pathways implicated in MCAO/R. Based on impactor scores, the most significant pathways involved in the response to the reperfusion after cerebral ischemia were glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and galactose metabolism. 17 of those 82 metabolites were greatly elevated in the MCAO/Reperfusion group, when compared to those in the sham and MCAO groups. Among those metabolites, glucose-6-phosphate 1, fructose-6-phosphate, cellobiose 2, o-phosphonothreonine 1, and salicin were the top five elevated metabolites in MCAO/R group, compared with the MCAO group. Glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fructose and mannose degradation were the top four ranked pathways according to metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA). The present study not only advances our understanding of metabolomic changes among animals in the sham and cerebral ischemia groups with or without reperfusion via metabolomic profiling, but also paves the way to explore potential molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic alteration induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-jie Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-yi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture & Chronobiology, Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zong-ming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin-lin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Chang Liu, ; Qing-wu Yang,
| | - Qing-wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Chang Liu, ; Qing-wu Yang,
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15
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Sidorov EV, Rout M, Xu C, Larsen J, Fields E, Apple B, Smith K, Gordon D, Chainakul J, Sanghera D. Comparison of Acute and Chronic Stage Ischemic Stroke Metabolome with Controls. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2515376. [PMID: 36778444 PMCID: PMC9915793 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2515376/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS), a major cause of disability, was previously associated with multiple metabolomic changes, but many findings were contradictory. Case-control and longitudinal study designs could have played a role in that. To clarify metabolomic changes, we performed a simultaneous comparison of ischemic stroke metabolome in acute, chronic stages of stroke and controls. Methods Through the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform, we evaluated 271 serum metabolites from a cohort of 297 AIS patients in acute and chronic stages and 159 controls. We used Sparse Partial Least Squares-Discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) to evaluate group disparity; multivariate regression to compare metabolome in acute, chronic stages of stroke and controls; and mixed regression to compare metabolome acute and chronic stages of stroke. We applied false discovery rate (FDR) to our calculations. Results The sPLS-DA revealed separation of the metabolome in acute, chronic stages of stroke and controls. Regression analysis identified 38 altered metabolites. Ketone bodies, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), energy, and inflammatory compounds were elevated in the acute stage, but declined in the chronic stage, often to the same levels as in controls. Levels of other amino acids, phosphatidylcholines, phosphoglycerides, and sphingomyelins mainly did not change between acute and chronic stages, but was different comparing to controls. Conclusion Our pilot study identified metabolites associated with acute stage of ischemic stroke and those that are altered in stroke patients comparing to controls regardless of stroke acuity. Future investigation in a larger independent cohort is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chao Xu
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Evan Fields
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Blair Apple
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Kyle Smith
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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16
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Licari C, Tenori L, Di Cesare F, Luchinat C, Giusti B, Kura A, De Cario R, Inzitari D, Piccardi B, Nesi M, Sarti C, Arba F, Palumbo V, Nencini P, Marcucci R, Gori AM, Sticchi E. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics to Predict Early and Late Adverse Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:16-25. [PMID: 36469426 PMCID: PMC9830637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic perturbations and inflammatory mediators play a fundamental role in both early and late adverse post-acute ischemic stroke outcomes. Using data from the observational MAGIC (MArker bioloGici nell'Ictus Cerebrale) study, we evaluated the effect of 130 serum metabolic features, using a nuclear magnetic spectroscopy approach, on the following outcomes: hemorrhagic transformation at 24 h after stroke, non-response to intravenous thrombolytic treatment with the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), and the 3 month functional outcome. Blood circulating metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers were assessed at the baseline and 24 h after rt-PA treatment. Adjusting for the major determinants for unfavorable outcomes (i.e., age, sex, time onset-to-treatment, etc.), we found that acetone and 3-hydroxybutyrate were associated with symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation and with non-response to rt-PA; while 24 h after rt-PA, levels of triglycerides high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were associated with 3 month mortality. Cholesterol and phospholipids levels, mainly related to smaller and denser very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL subfractions were associated with 3 month poor functional outcomes. We also reported associations between baseline 24 h relative variation (Δ) in VLDL subfractions and ΔC-reactive protein, Δinterleukin-10 levels with hemorrhagic transformation. All observed metabolic changes reflect a general condition of energy failure, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation that characterize the development of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Licari
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Cesare
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy,CIRMMP, Via Luigi Sacconi
6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Betti Giusti
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,Atherothrombotic
Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy,Excellence
Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development
of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University
of Florence, Viale Pieraccini
6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Ada Kura
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,Atherothrombotic
Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rosina De Cario
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- Stroke
Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy,Institute
of Neuroscience, Italian National Research
Council (CNR), Via Madonna
del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | | | - Mascia Nesi
- Stroke
Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Cristina Sarti
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Neuroscience Section, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Francesco Arba
- Department
of Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palumbo
- Stroke
Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Marcucci
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,Atherothrombotic
Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy,Excellence
Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development
of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University
of Florence, Viale Pieraccini
6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,Atherothrombotic
Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy,Excellence
Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development
of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University
of Florence, Viale Pieraccini
6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Elena Sticchi
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,
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17
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Li W, Shao C, Zhou H, Du H, Chen H, Wan H, He Y. Multi-omics research strategies in ischemic stroke: A multidimensional perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101730. [PMID: 36087702 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous neurological disorder with high rate of death and long-term impairment. Despite years of studies, there are still no stroke biomarkers for clinical practice, and the molecular mechanisms of stroke remain largely unclear. The high-throughput omics approach provides new avenues for discovering biomarkers of IS and explaining its pathological mechanisms. However, single-omics approaches only provide a limited understanding of the biological pathways of diseases. The integration of multiple omics data means the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes, RNAs, proteins and metabolites, revealing networks of interactions between multiple molecular levels. Integrated analysis of multi-omics approaches will provide helpful insights into stroke pathogenesis, therapeutic target identification and biomarker discovery. Here, we consider advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and outline their use in discovering the biomarkers and pathological mechanisms of IS. We then delineate strategies for achieving integration at the multi-omics level and discuss how integrative omics and systems biology can contribute to our understanding and management of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haixia Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haiyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Zhang R, Meng J, Wang X, Pu L, Zhao T, Huang Y, Han L. Metabolomics of ischemic stroke: insights into risk prediction and mechanisms. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2163-2180. [PMID: 35612695 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most prevalent type of stroke. The early diagnosis and prognosis of IS are crucial for successful therapy and early intervention. Metabolomics, a tool in systems biology based on several innovative technologies, can be used to identify disease biomarkers and unveil underlying pathophysiological processes. Accordingly, in recent years, an increasing number of studies have identified metabolites from cerebral ischemia patients and animal models that could improve the diagnosis of IS and prediction of its outcome. In this paper, metabolomic research is comprehensively reviewed with a focus on describing the metabolic changes and related pathways associated with IS. Most clinical studies use biofluids (e.g., blood or plasma) because their collection is minimally invasive and they are ideal for analyzing changes in metabolites in patients of IS. We review the application of animal models in metabolomic analyses aimed at investigating potential mechanisms of IS and developing novel therapeutic approaches. In addition, this review presents the strengths and limitations of current metabolomic studies on IS, providing a reference for future related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Meng
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Medical Research Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liyuan Han
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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UPLC/Q-TOF MS-Based Urine Metabonomics Study to Identify Diffuse Axonal Injury Biomarkers in Rat. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2579489. [PMID: 36188427 PMCID: PMC9519327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2579489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) represents a frequent traumatic brain injury (TBI) type, significantly contributing to the dismal neurological prognosis and high mortality in TBI patients. The increase in mortality can be associated with delayed and nonspecific initial symptoms in DAI patients. Additionally, the existing approaches for diagnosis and monitoring are either low sensitivity or high cost. Therefore, novel, reliable, and objective diagnostic markers should be developed to diagnose and monitor DAI prognosis. Urine is an optimal sample to detect biomarkers for DAI noninvasively. Therefore, the DAI rat model was established in this work. Meanwhile, the ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometry- (UPLC/Q-TOF MS-) untargeted metabolomics approach was utilized to identify the features of urine metabolomics to diagnose DAI. This work included 57 metabolites with significant alterations and 21 abnormal metabolic pathways from the injury groups. Three metabolites, viz., urea, butyric acid, and taurine, were identified as possible biomarkers to diagnose DAI based on the great fold changes (FCs) and biological functions during DAI. The present study detected several novel biomarkers for noninvasively diagnosing and monitoring DAI and helped understand the DAI-associated metabolic events.
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Xian M, Shen L, Zhan S, Chen S, Lin H, Cai J, Hu T, Wang S. Integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics ascertained synergistic influences of the combination of acupuncture and NaoMaiTong on ischemic stroke. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115281. [PMID: 35405257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acupuncture is an effective therapy for ischemic stroke, which has been widely used in China and gradually accepted in more countries and regions recently. In addition, Chinese medicine also plays an important role in stroke treatment, among which NaoMaiTong (NMT) is an example of an effective herbal formula for the treatment of stroke. A therapeutic strategy that combines acupuncture and medicine was widely used in stroke patients. However, the synergistic influences and mechanisms of combined acupuncture and medicine on ischemic stroke have not yet been entirely elucidated. AIM OF THIS STUDY The purpose of this study is to explore whether acupuncture and medicine combination treatments can produce synergism by using NMT, a clinically effective Chinese medicinal formula for the treatment of ischemic stroke for decades and has been demonstrated to be effective against ischemic brain injury, as a probe. Meanwhile, the potential mechanisms were investigated via cecal microbiome and plasma metabolomics to provide more strategies and basis for acupuncture-medicine combination for stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adopted middle-cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat models, the effect for the stroke of the combination treatment consisting of acupuncture and NMT was evaluated by detecting neurological issues, cerebral infarct dimensions, levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and oxidative stress factors (SOD, MDA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Subsequently,16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomic analysis were utilized to explore the characteristics of cecal-contents microecology and plasma metabolic profile, respectively. Finally, the correlation between intestinal microecological characteristics and plasma metabolic characteristics was analyzed to explore the potential mechanism of the acupuncture-NMT combination. RESULTS The efficacy of acupuncture-NMT therapy was more effective than a single treatment on ischemic stroke, with more effectively reduced infarct sizes, improved neurobehavioral deficits, and alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Besides, the combination therapy not only adjusted gut microbiota disturbances by enriching species diversity, reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (such as Escherichia-Shaigella), as well as increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as Turicibacter, Bifidobacterium), but also improved metabolic disorders by reversing metabolite plasma levels to normality. The results of the correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association between intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolic profile, especially the strong correlation of Turicibacter and isoflavones phyto-estrogens metabolites. CONCLUSION The combination of acupuncture and NMT could produce synergism, suggesting acupuncture-medicine combination therapy might be more conducive to the recovery of ischemic stroke. And the potential mechanism was probably related to the mediation of intestinal microecology and plasma metabolism. Turicibacter and isoflavones phyto-estrogens metabolites might be the targets for acupuncture-NMT combination for stroke. Our current findings could provide a potential therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xian
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sikai Zhan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaoru Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huiting Lin
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiale Cai
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Qi B, Zhang Y, Xu B, Zhang Y, Fei G, Lin L, Li Q. Metabolomic Characterization of Acute Ischemic Stroke Facilitates Metabolomic Biomarker Discovery. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5443-5455. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Associations of plasma carnitine, lysine, trimethyllysine and glycine with incident ischemic stroke: Findings from a nested case-control study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1889-1895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yan Y, Chen J, Liang Q, Zheng H, Ye Y, Nan W, Zhang X, Gao H, Li Y. Metabolomics profile in acute respiratory distress syndrome by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Res 2022; 23:172. [PMID: 35761396 PMCID: PMC9235271 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a challenging clinical problem. Discovering the potential metabolic alterations underlying the ARDS is important to identify novel therapeutic target and improve the prognosis. Serum and urine metabolites can reflect systemic and local changes and could help understanding metabolic characterization of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with ARDS. Methods Clinical data of patients with suspected CAP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were collected from May 2020 to February 2021. Consecutive patients with CAP were enrolled and divided into two groups: CAP with and without ARDS groups. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analyses of serum and urine samples were performed before and after treatment in CAP with ARDS (n = 43) and CAP without ARDS (n = 45) groups. Differences metabolites were identifed in CAP with ARDS. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to identify panels of significant metabolites for evaluating therapeutic effects on CAP with ARDS. The correlation heatmap was analyzed to further display the relationship between metabolites and clinical characteristics. Results A total of 20 and 42 metabolites were identified in the serum and urine samples, respectively. Serum metabolic changes were mainly involved in energy, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, while urine metabolic changes were mainly involved in energy metabolism. Elevated levels of serum 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetone, acetoacetate, and decreased levels of serum leucine, choline, and urine creatine and creatinine were detected in CAP with ARDS relative to CAP without ARDS. Serum metabolites 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, acetoacetate, citrate, choline and urine metabolite 1-methylnicotinamide were identified as a potential biomarkers for assessing therapeutic effects on CAP with ARDS, and with AUCs of 0.866 and 0.795, respectively. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis revealed that combined characteristic serum and urine metabolites exhibited a better classification system for assessing therapeutic effects on CAP with ARDS, with a AUC value of 0.952. In addition, differential metabolites strongly correlated with clinical parameters in patients with CAP with ARDS. Conclusions Serum- and urine-based metabolomics analyses identified characteristic metabolic alterations in CAP with ARDS and might provide promising circulatory markers for evaluating therapeutic effects on CAP with ARDS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02075-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianuo Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiru Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wengang Nan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Yang YH, Lei L, Bao YP, Zhang L. An Integrated Metabolomic Screening Platform Discovers the Potential Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke and Reveals the Protective Effect and Mechanism of Folic Acid. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:783793. [PMID: 35664672 PMCID: PMC9158342 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.783793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid has a protective effect against ischemic stroke. However, the protective pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the protective effect of folic acid on ischemic stroke animals by an integrated metabolomic biomarker screening platform. Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis, the changes in metabolites and pathways were characterized. We found that the metabolic alteration involved a total of 37 metabolites, of which 26 biomarkers such as γ-aminobutyric acid, lysine, glutamate, ribose, and valine can be regulated by folic acid via metabolic pathways of amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, citrate cycle, and pyruvate metabolism, which may be the potential therapeutic targets of folic acid against ischemic stroke. Folic acid as an emerging potential natural anti-fibrosis agent has significant activity in protecting against middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced rat ischemic stroke model by delaying pathological development, reversing the metabolic biomarkers, and mainly regulating the perturbation in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, citrate cycle, and pyruvate metabolism. It also showed that the integrated metabolic biomarker screening platform could provide a better understanding of the therapeutic effect and mechanism of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hui Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-hui Yang,
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Nutrition, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yin-ping Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
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Ke C, Shi M, Guo D, Zhu Z, Zhong C, Xu T, Lu Y, Ding Y, Zhang Y. Metabolomics on vascular events and death after acute ischemic stroke: Aprospective matched nested case-control study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 351:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sidorov EV, Xu C, Garcia-Ramiu J, Blair A, Ortiz-Garcia J, Gordon D, Chainakul J, Sanghera DK. Global Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Disrupted Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism Between the Acute and Chronic Stages of Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106320. [PMID: 35104745 PMCID: PMC8957579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a major cause of serious disability in the United States. Previous studies found multiple associations of serum metabolites with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) compared to controls, but few of them evaluated metabolome in a longitudinal fashion. Therefore, we compared the metabolome of the acute and chronic stages of ischemic stroke. METHODS We evaluated 1295 serum metabolites from the cohort of 60 stroke patients at acute and chronic stages by performing global metabolomics using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We used Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA) to inspect group disparity and a mixed regression model to compare metabolites in the acute and chronic stages with Two-Stage Benjamini & Hochberg (TSBH) and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. RESULTS The OPLS-DA revealed significant separation of acute and chronic stage metabolites. Mixed regression identified 228 metabolites with TSBH, and 29 metabolites with Bonferroni correction different in acute and chronic stages. At the acute stage, there was a consistent increase of the metabolites of mono/diacylglycerols, sphingolipids, medium/long-chain fatty acids, and amino acids glycine, valine, and tyrosine. At the same time, there was a consistent decrease of the metabolites of acyl-choline related fatty acids, phospholipids, and amino acids alanine, aspartate, and tyramine. Additionally, we identified eight novel metabolites significantly altered at the acute stage of stroke. CONCLUSION Our pilot study demonstrated significant alterations in metabolomic patterns between the acute and chronic stages of stroke, validating some case-control findings. Future investigation in a larger independent cohort is warranted to identify early biomarkers of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Sidorov
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, Oklahoma, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA.
| | - Chao Xu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Jonathan Garcia-Ramiu
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Apple Blair
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jorge Ortiz-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, Oklahoma, USA
| | - David Gordon
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, Oklahoma, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Juliane Chainakul
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
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Wang Y, Huang K, Liu F, Lu X, Huang J, Gu D. Association of circulating branched-chain amino acids with risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2022; 350:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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The Assessment of Endovascular Therapies in Ischemic Stroke: Management, Problems and Future Approaches. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071864. [PMID: 35407472 PMCID: PMC8999747 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke accounts for over 80% of all strokes and is one of the leading causes of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is an approved treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke of large arteries within 4.5 h of onset, and mechanical thrombectomy can be used for large arteries occlusion up to 24 h after onset. Improving diagnostic work up for acute treatment, reducing onset-to-needle time and urgent radiological access angiographic CT images (angioCT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are real problems for many healthcare systems, which limits the number of patients with good prognosis in real world compared to the results of randomized controlled trials. The applied endovascular procedures demonstrated high efficacy, but some cellular mechanisms, following reperfusion, are still unknown. Changes in the morphology and function of mitochondria associated with reperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion neuronal death are still understudied research fields. Moreover, future research is needed to elucidate the relationship between continuously refined imaging techniques and the variable structure or physical properties of the clot along with vascular permeability and the pleiotropism of ischemic reperfusion lesions in the penumbra, in order to define targeted preventive procedures promoting long-term health benefits.
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Wang X, Peng Y, Zhou H, Du W, Wang J, Wang J, Wu T, Tang X, Lv Y, Gong J. The Effects of Enriched Rehabilitation on Cognitive Function and Serum Glutamate Levels Post-stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:829090. [PMID: 35370905 PMCID: PMC8967952 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.829090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore the effect of enriched rehabilitation (ER) on cognitive function and serum glutamate levels in patients with stroke. Methods Forty patients diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), according to the inclusion criteria, and undergoing inpatient rehabilitation were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of ER treatment (ER group; n = 20) or conventional medical treatment (CM group; n = 20). In addition, 20 age-matched healthy subjects who were outpatients in our hospital during the same period formed the healthy control (HC) group. In- and between-group differences in cognitive function were assessed during pre-intervention and post-intervention based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). The serum levels of glutamate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also detected pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results Pre-intervention cognitive function and the levels of all the serum parameters assessed significant difference between the HC group and the PSCI group (both ER and CM groups) (p < 0.05), but not between the two groups of patients with PSCI (p > 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in cognitive function in both the ER and the CM groups post-intervention compared with pre-intervention, as evidenced by the measured improvement in MoCA, SDMT, and TMT scores. Similar improvements were seen for serum glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation in both the treatment groups (p < 0.05). More enhancements in cognitive function, including MoCA, SDMT, TMT scores, and the serum levels of glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation were shown in the ER group compared with the CM group post-intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions ER can improve cognitive function in patients with PSCI. The associated mechanism may be related to the negative regulatory effect of ER on serum glutamate, TNF, and MDA levels, which is likely to enhance synaptic plasticity and alleviate oxidative stress- and inflammation-related damage, at least to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Xin Wang
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Du
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - JiaJin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Lv
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianwei Gong
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Gong
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30
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Zeng P, Yi Y, Su HF, Ye CY, Sun YW, Zhou XW, Lu Y, Shi A, Tian Q. Key Phytochemicals and Biological Functions of Chuanxiong Rhizoma Against Ischemic Stroke: A Network Pharmacology and Experimental Assessment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:758049. [PMID: 34992531 PMCID: PMC8724589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, the treatment options for ischemic stroke (IS) are limited due to the complicated pathological process of the disease. Chuanxiong Rhizome (CR), also known as Conioselinum anthriscoides "Chuanxiong" (rhizome), is the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine for treating stroke. This study aimed to uncover the key phytochemicals and biological functions of CR against IS through a network pharmacology approach combining with IS pathophysiology analysis. We employed permanent unilateral common carotid artery ligation to construct a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia and found that cerebral ischemia injuries were improved after 7 days of gavage treatment of CR (1,300 mg/kg/day). CR exerts protective effects on neurons mainly by acting on targets related to synaptic structure, synaptic function, neuronal survival and neuronal growth. A total of 18 phytochemicals from CR based on UHPLC-MS/MS that corresponded to 85 anti-IS targets. Coniferyl ferulate, neocnidilide and ferulic acid were identified as the key phytochemicals of CR against IS. Its brain protective effects involve anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-cell death activities and improves blood circulation. Additionally, the two most important synergistic effects of CR phytochemicals in treating IS are prevention of infection and regulation of blood pressure. In brain samples of Sham mice, L-tryptophan and vanillin were detected, while L-tryptophan, gallic acid, vanillin and cryptochlorogenic acid were detected in IS mice by UHPLC-MS/MS. Our findings provide a pathophysiology relevant pharmacological basis for further researches on IS therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Fei Su
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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31
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Chen C, Duan F, Xie Y, Wan Q, Liu H, Gong J, Huang L, Song Z. Nuciferine attenuates acute ischemic stroke in a rat model: a metabolomic approach for the mechanistic study. Mol Omics 2022; 18:765-778. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuciferine is a promise therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke. 1H NMR metabolomics was conducted in this study to further elucidate its pharmacological mechanism, which is helpful to be used as a potential treatment for stroke clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Feipeng Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yongyan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Zonghua Song
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing 100061, P. R. China
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32
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Jickling GC, Sharp FR. OMICs in Stroke. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Investigation of long-term metabolic alteration after stroke in tMCAO (transient middle cerebral artery occlusion) mouse model using metabolomics approach. Neurosci Lett 2022; 774:136492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Licari C, Tenori L, Giusti B, Sticchi E, Kura A, De Cario R, Inzitari D, Piccardi B, Nesi M, Sarti C, Arba F, Palumbo V, Nencini P, Marcucci R, Gori AM, Luchinat C, Saccenti E. Analysis of Metabolite and Lipid Association Networks Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Associated with 3-Month Mortality and Poor Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke after Thrombolytic Treatment with Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4758-4770. [PMID: 34473513 PMCID: PMC8491161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here, we present
an integrated multivariate, univariate, network
reconstruction and differential analysis of metabolite–metabolite
and metabolite–lipid association networks built from an array
of 18 serum metabolites and 110 lipids identified and quantified through
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a cohort of 248 patients,
of which 22 died and 82 developed a poor functional outcome within
3 months from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous
recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. We explored differences
in metabolite and lipid connectivity of patients who did not develop
a poor outcome and who survived the ischemic stroke from the related
opposite conditions. We report statistically significant differences
in the connectivity patterns of both low- and high-molecular-weight
metabolites, implying underlying variations in the metabolic pathway
involving leucine, glycine, glutamine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, citric,
lactic, and acetic acids, ketone bodies, and different lipids, thus
characterizing patients’ outcomes. Our results evidence the
promising and powerful role of the metabolite–metabolite and
metabolite–lipid association networks in investigating molecular
mechanisms underlying AIS patient’s outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Licari
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Betti Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Elena Sticchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Ada Kura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rosina De Cario
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | | | - Mascia Nesi
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Cristina Sarti
- NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Francesco Arba
- Department of Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palumbo
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
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35
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Kong LL, Gao L, Wang KX, Liu NN, Liu CD, Ma GD, Yang HG, Qin XM, Du GH. Pinocembrin attenuates hemorrhagic transformation after delayed t-PA treatment in thromboembolic stroke rats by regulating endogenous metabolites. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1223-1234. [PMID: 33859344 PMCID: PMC8285418 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common serious complication of stroke after thrombolysis treatment, which limits the clinical use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Since early diagnosis and treatment for HT is important to improve the prognosis of stroke patients, it is urgent to discover the potential biomarkers and therapeutic drugs. Recent evidence shows that pinocembrin, a natural flavonoid compound, exerts anti-cerebral ischemia effect and expands the time window of t-PA. In this study, we investigated the effect of pinocembrin on t-PA-induced HT and the potential biomarkers for HT after t-PA thrombolysis, thereby improving the prognosis of stroke. Electrocoagulation-induced thrombotic focal ischemic rats received intravenous infusion of t-PA (10 mg/kg) 6 h after ischemia. Administration of pinocembrin (10 mg/kg, iv) prior t-PA infusion significantly decreased the infarct volume, ameliorated t-PA-induced HT, and protected blood-brain barrier. Metabolomics analysis revealed that 5 differential metabolites in the cerebral cortex and 16 differential metabolites in serum involved in amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism were significantly changed after t-PA thrombolysis, whereas pinocembrin administration exerted significant intervention effects on these metabolites. Linear regression analysis showed that lactic acid was highly correlated to the occurrence of HT. Further experiments confirmed that t-PA treatment significantly increased the content of lactic acid and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the cerebral cortex and serum, and the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT 1) in the cerebral cortex; pinocembrin reversed these changes, which was consistent with the result of metabolomics. These results demonstrate that pinocembrin attenuates HT after t-PA thrombolysis, which may be associated with the regulation of endogenous metabolites. Lactic acid may be a potential biomarker for HT prediction and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Lei Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cheng-di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guo-Dong Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hai-Guang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Dawiskiba T, Wojtowicz W, Qasem B, Łukaszewski M, Mielko KA, Dawiskiba A, Banasik M, Skóra JP, Janczak D, Młynarz P. Brain-dead and coma patients exhibit different serum metabolic profiles: preliminary investigation of a novel diagnostic approach in neurocritical care. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15519. [PMID: 34330941 PMCID: PMC8324823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clear difference between severe brain damage and brain death. However, in clinical practice, the differentiation of these states can be challenging. Currently, there are no laboratory tools that facilitate brain death diagnosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of serum metabolomic analysis in differentiating coma patients (CP) from individuals with brain death (BD). Serum samples were collected from 23 adult individuals with established diagnosis of brain death and 24 patients in coma with Glasgow Coma Scale 3 or 4, with no other clinical symptoms of brain death for at least 7 days after sample collection. Serum metabolomic profiles were investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results obtained were examined by univariate and multivariate data analysis (PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA). Metabolic profiling allowed us to quantify 43 resonance signals, of which 34 were identified. Multivariate statistical modeling revealed a highly significant separation between coma patients and brain-dead individuals, as well as strong predictive potential. The findings not only highlight the potential of the metabolomic approach for distinguishing patients in coma from those in the state of brain death but also may provide an understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dawiskiba
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Wojtowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marceli Łukaszewski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Anna Mielko
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dawiskiba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Banasik
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Paweł Skóra
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Janczak
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland.
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37
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Chumachenko MS, Waseem TV, Fedorovich SV. Metabolomics and metabolites in ischemic stroke. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:181-205. [PMID: 34213842 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major reason for disability and the second highest cause of death in the world. When a patient is admitted to a hospital, it is necessary to identify the type of stroke, and the likelihood for development of a recurrent stroke, vascular dementia, and depression. These factors could be determined using different biomarkers. Metabolomics is a very promising strategy for identification of biomarkers. The advantage of metabolomics, in contrast to other analytical techniques, resides in providing low molecular weight metabolite profiles, rather than individual molecule profiles. Technically, this approach is based on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Furthermore, variations in metabolite concentrations during brain ischemia could alter the principal neuronal functions. Different markers associated with ischemic stroke in the brain have been identified including those contributing to risk, acute onset, and severity of this pathology. In the brain, experimental studies using the ischemia/reperfusion model (IRI) have shown an impaired energy and amino acid metabolism and confirmed their principal roles. Literature data provide a good basis for identifying markers of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke and understanding metabolic mechanisms of these diseases. This opens an avenue for the successful use of identified markers along with metabolomics technologies to develop fast and reliable diagnostic tools for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Chumachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Kurchatova St., 10, Minsk220030, Belarus
| | | | - Sergei V Fedorovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Kurchatova St., 10, Minsk220030, Belarus
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38
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Vojinovic D, Kalaoja M, Trompet S, Fischer K, Shipley MJ, Li S, Havulinna AS, Perola M, Salomaa V, Yang Q, Sattar N, Jousilahti P, Amin N, Satizabal CL, Taba N, Sabayan B, Vasan RS, Ikram MA, Stott DJ, Ala-Korpela M, Jukema JW, Seshadri S, Kettunen J, Kivimaki M, Esko T, van Duijn CM. Association of Circulating Metabolites in Plasma or Serum and Risk of Stroke: Meta-analysis From 7 Prospective Cohorts. Neurology 2021; 96:e1110-e1123. [PMID: 33268560 PMCID: PMC8055347 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive analysis of circulating metabolites and incident stroke in large prospective population-based settings. METHODS We investigated the association of metabolites with risk of stroke in 7 prospective cohort studies including 1,791 incident stroke events among 38,797 participants in whom circulating metabolites were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The relationship between metabolites and stroke was assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression models. The analyses were performed considering all incident stroke events and ischemic and hemorrhagic events separately. RESULTS The analyses revealed 10 significant metabolite associations. Amino acid histidine (hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85, 0.94; p = 4.45 × 10-5), glycolysis-related metabolite pyruvate (HR per SD 1.09, 95% CI 1.04, 1.14; p = 7.45 × 10-4), acute-phase reaction marker glycoprotein acetyls (HR per SD 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15; p = 1.27 × 10-3), cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 2, and several other lipoprotein particles were associated with risk of stroke. When focused on incident ischemic stroke, a significant association was observed with phenylalanine (HR per SD 1.12, 95% CI 1.05, 1.19; p = 4.13 × 10-4) and total and free cholesterol in large HDL particles. CONCLUSIONS We found association of amino acids, glycolysis-related metabolites, acute-phase reaction markers, and several lipoprotein subfractions with the risk of stroke. These findings support the potential of metabolomics to provide new insights into the metabolic changes preceding stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Vojinovic
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marita Kalaoja
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stella Trompet
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin J Shipley
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shuo Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Markus Perola
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Qiong Yang
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Naveed Sattar
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Najaf Amin
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Taba
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Behnam Sabayan
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - David J Stott
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tonu Esko
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
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Liu J, Yuan J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wang Q, Wang G. Serum metabolomic patterns in young patients with ischemic stroke: a case study. Metabolomics 2021; 17:24. [PMID: 33554271 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability. The incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise in young adults. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic changes and explore possible mechanisms in young ischemic stroke patients without common risk factors. METHODS This study investigated serum metabolomics in 50 young patients with newly suffered ischemic stroke and 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Liquid chromatography coupled with a Waters Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to analyze amino acid or bile acid, and free fatty acid or lipid was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a Qtrap5500 mass spectrometer with an ESI source. The metabolomic data were analyzed by performing a multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 197 metabolites, including amino acids, bile acids, free fatty acids, and lipids, were identified in all participants. Multivariate models showed significant differences in serum metabolomic patterns between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. The stroke patients had increased L-methionine, homocysteine, glutamine, uric acid, GCDCA, and PE (18:0/20:4, 16:0/22:5), and decreased levels of L-citrulline, taurine, PC (16:2/22:6, 16:2/20:5, 15:0/18:2), and SM (d18:1/23:0, d20:0/19:1, d18:1/22:0, d16:0/26:1, d16:0/18:0, d16:0/22:1, d18:1/19:1, d16:0/17:1, d16:1/24:1, d18:1/19:0). Based on the identified metabolites, the metabolic pathways of arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly enriched in the young patients with ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Serum metabolomic patterns were significantly different between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. Our study is beneficial in providing a further view into the pathophysiology of young patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Chen RH, Du WD, Wang Q, Li ZF, Wang DX, Yang SL, Feng YL. Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed by metabolomics and transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113212. [PMID: 32768643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury is one of the main diseases leading to death and disability. Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms (AS), also known as Panax ginseng, has neuroprotective effects on anti-CIR injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of its therapeutic effects is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To systematically study and explore the mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms extract (ASE) in the treatment of CIR injury based on metabolomics and transcriptomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacological basis of ASE in the treatment of CIR was evaluated, and samples were used in plasma metabolomics and brain tissue transcriptomics to reveal potential biomarkers. Finally, according to online database, we analyzed biomarkers identified by the two technologies, explained reasons for the therapeutic effect of ASE, and identify therapeutic targets. RESULTS A total of 53 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in plasma and 3138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in brain tissue from three groups of rats, including sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and ASE groups. Enrichment analysis showed that Nme6, Tk1, and Pold1 that are involved in the production of deoxycytidine and thymine were significantly up-regulated and Dck was significantly down-regulated by the intervention with ASE. These findings indicated that ASE participates in the pyrimidine metabolism by significantly regulating the balance between dCTP and dTTP. In addition, ASE repaired and promoted the lipid metabolism in rats, which might be due to the significant expression of Dgkz, Chat, and Gpcpd1. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that ASE regulates the significant changes in gene expression in metabolites pyrimidine, and lipid metabolism in CIR rats and plays an active role in the treatment of CIR injury through multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hao Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Shi-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Donatti A, Canto AM, Godoi AB, da Rosa DC, Lopes-Cendes I. Circulating Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Neurological Disorders-Metabolites in Neurological Disorders. Metabolites 2020; 10:E389. [PMID: 33003305 PMCID: PMC7601919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are, still, limitations to predicting the occurrence and prognosis of neurological disorders. Biomarkers are molecules that can change in different conditions, a feature that makes them potential tools to improve the diagnosis of disease, establish a prognosis, and monitor treatments. Metabolites can be used as biomarkers, and are small molecules derived from the metabolic process found in different biological media, such as tissue samples, cells, or biofluids. They can be identified using various strategies, targeted or untargeted experiments, and by different techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge about metabolites as biomarkers for neurological disorders. We will present recent developments that show the need and the feasibility of identifying such biomarkers in different neurological disorders, as well as discuss relevant research findings in the field of metabolomics that are helping to unravel the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. Although several relevant results have been reported in metabolomic studies in patients with neurological diseases, there is still a long way to go for the clinical use of metabolites as potential biomarkers in these disorders, and more research in the field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Donatti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Amanda M. Canto
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Godoi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Douglas C. da Rosa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
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Shin TH, Lee DY, Basith S, Manavalan B, Paik MJ, Rybinnik I, Mouradian MM, Ahn JH, Lee G. Metabolome Changes in Cerebral Ischemia. Cells 2020; 9:E1630. [PMID: 32645907 PMCID: PMC7407387 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is caused by perturbations in blood flow to the brain that trigger sequential and complex metabolic and cellular pathologies. This leads to brain tissue damage, including neuronal cell death and cerebral infarction, manifesting clinically as ischemic stroke, which is the cause of considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. To analyze the underlying biological mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers of ischemic stroke, various in vitro and in vivo experimental models have been established investigating different molecular aspects, such as genes, microRNAs, and proteins. Yet, the metabolic and cellular pathologies of ischemic brain injury remain not fully elucidated, and the relationships among various pathological mechanisms are difficult to establish due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the disease. Metabolome-based techniques can provide clues about the cellular pathologic status of a condition as metabolic disturbances can represent an endpoint in biological phenomena. A number of investigations have analyzed metabolic changes in samples from cerebral ischemia patients and from various in vivo and in vitro models. We previously analyzed levels of amino acids and organic acids, as well as polyamine distribution in an in vivo rat model, and identified relationships between metabolic changes and cellular functions through bioinformatics tools. This review focuses on the metabolic and cellular changes in cerebral ischemia that offer a deeper understanding of the pathology underlying ischemic strokes and contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Da Yeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Man Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Igor Rybinnik
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA; (I.R.); (M.M.M.)
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA; (I.R.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Jung Hwan Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Chi NF, Chang TH, Lee CY, Wu YW, Shen TA, Chan L, Chen YR, Chiou HY, Hsu CY, Hu CJ. Untargeted metabolomics predicts the functional outcome of ischemic stroke. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:234-241. [PMID: 32414667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Metabolites in blood have been found associated with the occurrence of vascular diseases, but its role in the functional recovery of stroke is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the untargeted metabolomics at the acute stage of ischemic stroke is able to predict functional recovery. METHODS One hundred and fifty patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited and followed up for 3 months. Fasting blood samples within 7 days of stroke were obtained, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were applied to identify outcome-associated metabolites. The patients' clinical characteristics and identified metabolites were included for constructing the outcome prediction model using machine learning approaches. RESULTS By using multivariate analysis, 220 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were discovered between patients with favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, mRS ≤ 2 at 3 months, n = 77) and unfavorable outcomes (mRS ≥ 3 at 3 months, n = 73). After feature selection, 63 DEMs were chosen for constructing the outcome prediction model. The predictive accuracy was below 0.65 when including patients' clinical characteristics, and could reach 0.80 when including patients' clinical characteristics and 63 selected DEMs. The functional enrichment analysis identified platelet activating factor (PAF) as the strongest outcome-associated metabolite, which involved in proinflammatory mediators release, arachidonic acid metabolism, eosinophil degranulation, and production of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION Metabolomics is a potential method to explore the blood biomarkers of acute ischemic stroke. The patients with unfavorable outcomes had a lower PAF level compared to those with favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Fang Chi
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-An Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rebai A, Reçber T, Nemutlu E, Chbili C, Kurbanoglu S, Kir S, Amor SB, Özkan SA, Saguem S. GC-MS Based Metabolic Profiling of Parkinson's Disease with Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphism in Tunisian Patients. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 23:1041-1048. [PMID: 32342808 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200428082815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. It is a multifactorial disorder (caused by aging, environmental, and genetic factors). Metabolomics can help explore the biomarker profiles for aging. Recent studies showed an association between the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) polymorphisms and PD risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of this genetic polymorphism and the metabolomic profile in PD Tunisian patients, in order to identify effective biomarkers in the genetic differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the metabolomic profile changes related to GSTs polymorphism were searched in 54 Tunisian PD patients treated with L-dopa, using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. RESULTS The study results showed that mannose, methyl stearate, and three other unknown metabolites, increased in patients with GSTM1 positive genotype, while glycolic acid, porphine, monomethyl phosphate, fumaric acid, and three other unknown metabolites decreased in patients with GSTM1 positive genotype. Subsequently, the levels of glycolic acid, erythronic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, fructose, stearic acid, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and three other unknown metabolites increased in patients with GSTM1 positive genotype, while the levels of proline, valine and two unknown metabolites decreased with GSTT1 positive genotype. CONCLUSION All these altered metabolites are related to energy metabolism and it can be concluded that GSTs polymorphism based the shifting in energy metabolism and led to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rebai
- Metabolic Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Tuba Reçber
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chahra Chbili
- Metabolic Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sevinç Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedef Kir
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sana B Amor
- Neurology Department of "Sahloul" University Hospital Center (UHC) - Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sibel A Özkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saad Saguem
- Metabolic Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
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Rashad S, Saigusa D, Yamazaki T, Matsumoto Y, Tomioka Y, Saito R, Uruno A, Niizuma K, Yamamoto M, Tominaga T. Metabolic basis of neuronal vulnerability to ischemia; an in vivo untargeted metabolomics approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6507. [PMID: 32300196 PMCID: PMC7162929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the root causes of neuronal vulnerability to ischemia is paramount to the development of new therapies for stroke. Transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) leads to selective neuronal cell death in the CA1 sub-region of the hippocampus, while the neighboring CA3 sub-region is left largely intact. By studying factors pertaining to such selective vulnerability, we can develop therapies to enhance outcome after stroke. Using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed temporal metabolomic changes in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas following tGCI in rats till the setting of neuronal apoptosis. 64 compounds in CA1 and 74 in CA3 were found to be enriched and statistically significant following tGCI. Pathway analysis showed that pyrimidine and purine metabolism pathways amongst several others to be enriched after tGCI in CA1 and CA3. Metabolomics analysis was able to capture very early changes following ischemia. We detected 6 metabolites to be upregulated and 6 to be downregulated 1 hour after tGCI in CA1 versus CA3. Several metabolites related to apoptosis and inflammation were differentially expressed in both regions after tGCI. We offer a new insight into the process of neuronal apoptosis, guided by metabolomic profiling that was not performed to such an extent previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Rashad
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ritsumi Saito
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Uruno
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Wang X, Liu T, Song H, Cui S, Liu G, Christoforou A, Flaherty P, Luo X, Wood L, Wang QM. Targeted Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Association Between Altered Amino Acids and Poor Functional Recovery After Stroke. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1425. [PMID: 32082239 PMCID: PMC7001531 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids have been shown to be among the most important metabolites to be altered following stroke; however, they are a double-edged sword with regard to regulating hemostasis. In this study, we conducted a targeted metabolomic study to examine the association between serum levels of amino acids and functional recovery after stroke. Three hundred and fifty-one patients with stroke admitted to an acute rehabilitation hospital were screened, and 106 patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Recruited patients were stratified using Montebello Rehabilitation Factor Score (MRFS) efficiency. We selected the top (n = 20, 19%) and bottom (n = 20, 19%) of MRFS efficiency for metabolomic analysis. A total of 21 serum amino acids levels were measured using ultra high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The normalized data were analyzed by multivariate approaches, and the selected potential biomarkers were combined in different combinations for prediction of stroke functional recovery. The results demonstrated that there were significant differences in leucine-isoleucine, proline, threonine, glutamic acid, and arginine levels between good and poor recovery groups. In the training (0.952) and test (0.835) sets, metabolite biomarker panels composed of proline, glutamic acid, and arginine had the highest sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing good recovery from poor. In particular, arginine was present in the top 10 combinations of the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) test set. Our findings suggest that amino acids related to energy metabolism and excitotoxicity may play an important role in functional recovery after stroke. Therefore, the level of serum arginine has predictive value for the recovery rate after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Clinical School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixin Song
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaoyang Cui
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patrick Flaherty
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xun Luo
- Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisa Wood
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Qing Mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Sidorov E, Bejar C, Xu C, Ray B, Reddivari L, Chainakul J, Vanamala JKP, Sanghera DK. Potential Metabolite Biomarkers for Acute Versus Chronic Stage of Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104618. [PMID: 31973907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolome profiling is used to identify biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Previous studies compared metabolite profiles in AIS and healthy controls, which did not account for factors that affect metabolome (genetics, medications). This pilot project evaluates the change in metabolite concentrations between the acute and chronic stage of stroke in the same cohort in order to minimize other factors impact. METHODS We performed global metabolome profile on serum of 20 and urine of 12 stroke patients in acute (72 hours) and chronic (3-5.2 months) stage and compared relative peak values using Wilcoxon and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis methods. Chronic stage metabolite concentrations were considered baseline. We performed analysis to identify significantly overrepresented pathways using MetaboAnalyst. RESULTS Three serum metabolites asparagine (P = .045), tyrosine (P = .015), and xylose (P = .003) had significantly higher concentrations in acute stage. Seven out of top 10 serum metabolites ranked by Wilcoxon test P value were related to amino acid (AA) metabolism. Two urine metabolites glycine (P = .03) and acetylcarnitine (P = .05) had significantly different concentrations in the acute stage. Five of the top 10 urine metabolites related to AA metabolism. We identified 6 significant pathways after false discovery rate correction that were upregulated in the acute stage: (1) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis, (2) nitrogen, (3) alanine, aspartate, and glutamate, (4) branched-chain AA, (5) arginine and proline, and (6) phenylalanine metabolism. CONCLUSION Longitudinal study design confirms that AA metabolism heavily involved in the pathophysiology of acute brain ischemia. Prospective longitudinal studies with a higher number of participants are needed to establish useful stroke biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Sidorov
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Cynthia Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Bappaditya Ray
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayete, Indiana
| | - Juliane Chainakul
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science/Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Li HK, Zhang WD, Gu Y, Wu GS. Strategy of systems biology for visualizing the “Black box” of traditional Chinese medicine. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_31_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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49
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Wang R, Li B, Lam SM, Shui G. Integration of lipidomics and metabolomics for in-depth understanding of cellular mechanism and disease progression. J Genet Genomics 2019; 47:69-83. [PMID: 32178981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based omics technologies are now widely used to profile small molecules in multiple matrices to confer comprehensive snapshots of cellular metabolic phenotypes. The metabolomes of cells, tissues, and organisms comprise a variety of molecules including lipids, amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and so on. Metabolomics mainly focus on the hydrophilic classes, while lipidomics has emerged as an independent omics owing to the complexities of the organismal lipidomes. The potential roles of lipids and small metabolites in disease pathogenesis have been widely investigated in various human diseases, but system-level understanding is largely lacking, which could be partly attributed to the insufficiency in terms of metabolite coverage and quantitation accuracy in current analytical technologies. While scientists are continuously striving to develop high-coverage omics approaches, integration of metabolomics and lipidomics is becoming an emerging approach to mechanistic investigation. Integration of metabolome and lipidome offers a complete atlas of the metabolic landscape, enabling comprehensive network analysis to identify critical metabolic drivers in disease pathology, facilitating the study of interconnection between lipids and other metabolites in disease progression. In this review, we summarize omics-based findings on the roles of lipids and metabolites in the pathogenesis of selected major diseases threatening public health. We also discuss the advantages of integrating lipidomics and metabolomics for in-depth understanding of molecular mechanism in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Lipidall Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Lipidall Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Analysis of brain metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry reveals the risk-benefit concerns of prednisone in MRL/lpr lupus mice. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:425-435. [PMID: 31786803 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a common cause of disability in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aims to investigate the metabolic changes in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. METHODS Metabolic changes were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS According to the principal component analysis (PCA), the metabolic profiles were different between the frontal cortex and hypothalamus, but they were comparable between MRL/lpr and MRL/MpJ mice (16 weeks of age). By OPLS-DA, eight cortical and six hypothalamic differential metabolites were identified in MRL/lpr as compared to MRL/MpJ mice. Among these differential metabolites, we found a decrease of N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA, a potential marker of neuronal integrity), an increase of pyruvate and a decrease of glutamate in the frontal cortex but not in the hypothalamus. Prednisone treatment (3 mg/kg from 8 weeks of age) relieved the decrease of NAA but further increased the accumulation of pyruvate in the frontal cortex, additionally affected eight enriched pathways in the hypothalamus, and led to significant imbalances between the excitation and inhibition in both the frontal cortex and hypothalamus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the frontal cortex may be more preferentially affected than the hypothalamus in SLE. Prednisone disrupted rather than relieved metabolic abnormalities in the brain, especially in the hypothalamus, indicating that the risk-benefit balance of prednisone for SLE or NPSLE remains to be further evaluated.
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