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Ensandoust T, Khakpour-Taleghani B, Jafari A, Rostampour M, Rohampour K, Ch MH. Effect of simultaneous application of adenosine A1 receptor agonist and A2A receptor antagonist on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024; 476:115210. [PMID: 39159786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The potential role of adenosine, a natural neuroprotective agent, and its receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been proposed. The present study aims to examine the effect of administering both an A1 receptor agonist and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist simultaneously on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in an LPS-induced Alzheimer's disease model in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, LPS, Saline + Vehicle, LPS + Vehicle, LPS + SCH58261 (A2A receptor antagonist), LPS + CPA (A1 receptor agonist), LPS + SCH58261+CPA. LPS (3 mg/kg/ip) was used to cause memory impairment. Treatment was performed by intraventricular injection of CPA at a dose of 700 μg and SCH-58261 at 40 μg for ten days. Passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to examine animals' memories. IL-10, TNF-α, and PSD-95 levels were measured in the brain using ELISA and western blot, respectively. Compared to the groups receiving each medication separately, the simultaneous administration of CPA and SCH58261 improved memory (P<0.05). Additionally, compared to the single medication groups, there was a significant increase in IL-10, PSD-95, and a significant decrease in TNF-α in the brain tissue (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the activation of A1 receptors along with A2A receptor inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that A1 receptor activation combined with A2A receptor inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ensandoust
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Adele Jafari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kambiz Rohampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayati Ch
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Lyu Y, Meng Z, Hu Y, Jiang B, Yang J, Chen Y, Zhou J, Li M, Wang H. Mechanisms of mitophagy and oxidative stress in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1394932. [PMID: 39169952 PMCID: PMC11335644 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1394932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases have consistently represented a significant challenge in both clinical treatment and scientific research. As research has progressed, the significance of mitochondria in the pathogenesis and progression of neurological diseases has become increasingly prominent. Mitochondria serve not only as a source of energy, but also as regulators of cellular growth and death. Both oxidative stress and mitophagy are intimately associated with mitochondria, and there is mounting evidence that mitophagy and oxidative stress exert a pivotal regulatory influence on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the prevalence of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), vascular dementia (VaD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which collectively represent a significant public health concern. Reduced levels of mitophagy have been observed in CI/RI, VaD and AD. The improvement of associated pathology has been demonstrated through the increase of mitophagy levels. CI/RI results in cerebral tissue ischemia and hypoxia, which causes oxidative stress, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and damage to the cerebral vasculature. The BBB disruption and cerebral vascular injury may induce or exacerbate VaD to some extent. In addition, inadequate cerebral perfusion due to vascular injury or altered function may exacerbate the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) thereby contributing to or exacerbating AD pathology. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; alteplase) and endovascular thrombectomy are effective treatments for stroke. However, there is a narrow window of opportunity for the administration of tPA and thrombectomy, which results in a markedly elevated incidence of disability among patients with CI/RI. It is regrettable that there are currently no there are still no specific drugs for VaD and AD. Despite the availability of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical first-line drugs for AD, including memantine, donepezil hydrochloride, and galantamine, these agents do not fundamentally block the pathological process of AD. In this paper, we undertake a review of the mechanisms of mitophagy and oxidative stress in neurological disorders, a summary of the clinical trials conducted in recent years, and a proposal for a new strategy for targeted treatment of neurological disorders based on both mitophagy and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lyu
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Xichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xichang, China
| | - Mingcheng Li
- Qujing 69 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd, Qujing, China
| | - Huping Wang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Herbs and Prescription Innovation and Transformation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Laboratory for TCM New Products Development Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Pádua MS, Guil-Guerrero JL, Lopes PA. Behaviour Hallmarks in Alzheimer's Disease 5xFAD Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6766. [PMID: 38928472 PMCID: PMC11204382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The 5xFAD transgenic mouse model widely used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research recapitulates many AD-related phenotypes with a relatively early onset and aggressive age-dependent progression. Besides developing amyloid peptide deposits alongside neuroinflammation by the age of 2 months, as well as exhibiting neuronal decline by the age of 4 months that intensifies by the age of 9 months, these mice manifest a broad spectrum of behavioural impairments. In this review, we present the extensive repertoire of behavioural dysfunctions in 5xFAD mice, organised into four categories: motor skills, sensory function, learning and memory abilities, and neuropsychiatric-like symptoms. The motor problems, associated with agility and reflex movements, as well as balance and coordination, and skeletal muscle function, typically arise by the time mice reach 9 months of age. The sensory function (such as taste, smell, hearing, and vision) starts to deteriorate when amyloid peptide buildups and neuroinflammation spread into related anatomical structures. The cognitive functions, encompassing learning and memory abilities, such as visual recognition, associative, spatial working, reference learning, and memory show signs of decline from 4 to 6 months of age. Concerning neuropsychiatric-like symptoms, comprising apathy, anxiety and depression, and the willingness for exploratory behaviour, it is believed that motivational changes emerge by approximately 6 months of age. Unfortunately, numerous studies from different laboratories are often contradictory on the conclusions drawn and the identification of onset age, making preclinical studies in rodent models not easily translatable to humans. This variability is likely due to a range of factors associated with animals themselves, housing and husbandry conditions, and experimental settings. In the forthcoming studies, greater clarity in experimental details when conducting behavioural testing in 5xFAD transgenic mice could minimise the inconsistencies and could ensure the reliability and the reproducibility of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Soares Pádua
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José L. Guil-Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Paula Alexandra Lopes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Xu H, Zhang T, Li L, Qu Y, Li L, Yan Y, Wu L, Yan C. Paeoniflorin exerts anti-PTSD effects in adult rats by modulating hippocampus and amygdala histone acetylation modifications in response to early life stress. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111035. [PMID: 38703807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) can cause long-term changes by epigenetic factors, especially histone acetylation modification, playing a crucial role, affect normal cognition, mood, and behavior, and increase susceptibility to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. It has been found that paeoniflorin (PF) can cross the blood-brain barrier to exert anti-PTSD effects on adult PTSD rats. However, whether PF can alleviate the harmful effects caused by ELS in adulthood has not yet been reported. Therefore, to explore the relationship between ELS and PTSD susceptibility in adulthood and its mechanism, in this study, SPS was used as a stressor of ELS, and the mathematical tool Z-normalization was employed as an evaluation criterion of behavioral resilience susceptibility. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of PF on histone acetylation in the hippocampus and amygdala of ELS rats in adulthood, using changes in HATs/HDACs as the entry point, meanwhile, the epigenetic marks (H3K9 and H4K12) in the key brain regions of ELS (hippocampus and amygdala) were evaluated, and the effects of PF on behavioral representation and PTSD susceptibility were observed. This study found that ELS lead to a series of PTSD-like behaviors in adulthood and caused imbalance of HATs/HDACs ratio in the hippocampus and amygdala, which confirms that ELS is an important risk factor for the development of PTSD in adulthood. In addition, paeoniflorin may improve ELS-induced PTSD-like behaviors and reduce the susceptibility of ELS rats to develop PTSD in adulthood by modulating the HATs/HDACs ratio in the hippocampus and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Xu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China.
| | - Tiange Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China.
| | - Ling Li
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Yue Qu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Lili Wu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China.
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China.
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Xu J, Lu L, Jiang S, Qin Z, Huang J, Huang M, Jin J. Paeoniflorin ameliorates oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy via inhibiting neuroinflammation through influence on gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176516. [PMID: 38513881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA)-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a severe side effect that greatly limits OXA clinical use and threatens patients' life and health. Paeoniflorin exhibits extensive anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but whether it can protect against OIPN and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of paeoniflorin on OIPN and probe into the underlying mechanisms. The OIPN model was established through oxaliplatin injection in rats. The ameliorative effects of paeoniflorin on OIPN was assessed by nociceptive hypersensitivities through pain behavioral methods. Neuroinflammation were examined by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells infiltration. The signaling pathway of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB was evaluated by Western blotting. Gut microbial changes were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing technology. In addition, antibiotics-induced microbiota eradication and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) were applied for exploring the function of gut microbiota in the protective effects of paeoniflorin. The results revealed that paeoniflorin significantly alleviated mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, mitigated neuroinflammation and influenced gut microbial composition in OIPN rats. Fecal microbiota transplantation further verified that gut microbiota was required for paeoniflorin ameliorating OIPN and that the underlying mechanism involved downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. Specifically, Akkermansia, Dubosiella and Corynebacterium might serve as crucial genera regulated by paeoniflorin in the treatment of OIPN. In summary, our investigations delineate paeoniflorin's ameliorative effects on OIPN by alleviating neuroinflammation through regulations of gut microbiota. This suggests that paeoniflorin may serve as a new potential strategy for treatment of OIPN in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Langqing Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiqin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyan Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junyuan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Xu SY, Cao HY, Yang RH, Xu RX, Zhu XY, Ma W, Liu XB, Yan XY, Fu P. Genus Paeonia monoterpene glycosides: A systematic review on their pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155483. [PMID: 38432036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genus Paeonia, which is the main source of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao in Chinese), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao in Chinese) and Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi in Chinese), is rich in active pharmaceutical ingredient such as monoterpenoid glycosides (MPGs). MPGs from Paeonia have extensive pharmacological effects, but the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of MPGs has not been comprehensively reviewed. PURPOSE MPGs compounds are one of the main chemical components of the genus Paeonia, with a wide variety of compounds and strong pharmacological activities, and the structure of the mother nucleus-pinane skeleton is similar to that of a cage. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of MPGs from 2012 to 2023, providing reference direction for the development and utilization of Paeonia resources and preclinical research. METHODS Keywords and phrases are widely used in database searches, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and X-Mol to search for citations related to the new compounds, extensive pharmacological research and molecular mechanisms of MPGs compounds of genus Paeonia. RESULTS Modern research confirms that MPGs are the main compounds in Paeonia that exert pharmacological effects. MPGs with extensive pharmacological characteristics are mainly concentrated in two categories: paeoniflorin derivatives and albiflflorin derivatives among MPGs, which contains 32 compounds. Among them, 5 components including paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, 6'-O-galloylpaeoniflorin and paeoniflorigenone have been extensively studied, while the other 28 components have only been confirmed to have a certain degree of anti-inflammatory and anticomplementary effects. Studies of pharmacological effects are widely involved in nervous system, endocrine system, digestive system, immune system, etc., and some studies have identified clear mechanisms. MPGs exert pharmacological activity through multilateral mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibition of cell apoptosis, regulation of brain gut axis, regulation of gut microbiota and downregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis, etc. CONCLUSION: This systematic review delved into the pharmacological effects and related molecular mechanisms of MPGs. However, there are still some compounds in MPGs whose pharmacological effects and pharmacological mechanisms have not been clarified. In addition, extensive clinical randomized trials are needed to verify the efficacy and dosage of MPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui-Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rui-Hong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rong-Xue Xu
- The Health Center of Longjiang Airlines, Harbin 150000, China; Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161003, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiu-Bo Liu
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Xue-Ying Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Peng Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Yang M, Zhang X, Qiao O, Zhang J, Li X, Ma X, Zhou S, Gao W. Effect of Cerebralcare Granule® combined with memantine on Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117609. [PMID: 38142875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In elderly people, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It has been shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on phytomedicines enhances the therapeutic effects of modern medicine when taken in conjunction with them. Modern medicine N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonist memantine (Mm) are mainly used in the clinical treatment of AD. TCM Cerebralcare Granule® (CG) has long been an effective treatment for headaches, dizziness, and other symptoms. In this study, we employ a blend of CG and Mm to address Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms and explore their impacts and underlying mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of our study was to observe the effects of CG combined with Memantine (Mm) on learning and memory impairment of AD mice induced by D-galactose and to explore the mechanism at work. MATERIALS AND METHODS CG and Mm were combined to target multiple pathological processes involved in AD. For a thorough analysis, we performed various experiments such as behavioral detection, pathological detection, proteomic detection, and other experimental methods of detection. RESULTS It was found that the combination of CG and Mm was significantly effective for improving learning and memory in AD mice as well as brain pathology. The serum and hippocampal tissue of AD mice were significantly enhanced with catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased with this treatment. In AD mice, a combination of Mm and CG (CG + Mm) significantly increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), improved synaptic plasticity by restoring synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) expression in the hippocampus, enhanced Aβ phagocytosis of microglia in AD mice, and increased mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes I, II, III, and IV, lead to an increase in the number of functionally active NMDA receptors in the hippocampus. Proteomic analysis GO analysis showed that the positive regulation gene H3BIV5 of G protein coupled receptor signal pathway and synaptic transmission was up-regulated, while the transsynaptic signal of postsynaptic membrane potential and regulation-related gene Q5NCT9 were down-regulated. Most proteins showed significant enriched signal transduction pathway profiles after CG + Mm treatment, based on the KEGG pathway database. CONCLUSION The data supported the idea that CG and Mm could be more effective in treating AD mice induced by D-galactose than Mm alone. We provided a basis for the clinical use of CG with Mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ou Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tasly Academy, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tasly Academy, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tasly Academy, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tasly Academy, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Shi Y, Chen Z, Huang L, Gong Y, Shi L. A network pharmacology approach to reveal the key ingredients in Scrophulariae Radix (SR) and their effects against Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24785. [PMID: 38322920 PMCID: PMC10844110 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Scrophulariae Radix (SR) is a commonly used medicinal plant. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease for which there is no effective treatment. This study aims to initially clarify the potential mechanism of SR in the treatment of AD based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Methods The principal components and corresponding protein targets of SR were conducted by HPLC analysis and searched on TCMSP. AD targets were searched on DrugBank, Chemogenomics, TTD, OMIM and GeneCards databases. The compound-target network was constructed by Cytoscape3.8.2. The intersection of compound target and disease target was obtained and the coincidence target was imported into STRING database to construct a PPI network. We further performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on the targets. Meanwhile, molecular docking study and cell experiments were approved for the core target and the active compound. Results Through multidatabase retrieval and integration, it was found that 17 components of SR could exert anti-AD effects against 40 targets. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that Alzheimer's disease (hsa05010) was one of the most significant AD enrichment signalling pathways. Combined with the gene expression profile information in the AlzData database, 15 targets were found to be associated with tau or beta-amyloid protein (Aβ). GO analysis indicated that the primary molecular functions of SR in the treatment of AD were neurotransmitter receptor activity (GO:0007268), postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity (GO:0070997), and acetylcholine receptor activity (GO:0050435). Moreover, we explored the anti-AD effects of SR extract and ursolic acid (UA) using SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 20 μM UA significantly reduced the oxidative damage to these neuronal cells. Conclusion This study reveals the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanism of SR in the treatment of AD, and provides a theoretical basis for further basic research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Yeli Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
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Zhang M, Zheng H, He J, Zhang M. Network pharmacology and in vivo studies reveal the neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin on Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21800. [PMID: 38027768 PMCID: PMC10661068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that has still not been effectively treated. Paeoniflorin is a traditional Chinese medicine with potential neuroprotective effects against brain injury; however, the beneficial effects and mechanisms of action in AD have not been clarified. We aimed to explore the mechanisms of action of paeoniflorin in AD using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 30 candidate targets through the intersection of the targets of paeoniflorin and related genes in AD, which were mainly enriched in oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, key targets of paeoniflorin against AD, namely Nrf2 (encoded by NFE2L2) and TLR4, were screened and found to be closely related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Subsequent in vivo experiments revealed that paeoniflorin treatment improved the cognition of APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which were associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 and HO1, and the downregulation of TLR4. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that paeoniflorin alleviates cognitive impairment in AD by regulating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and that Nrf2, HO1, and TLR4 could be key targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiale He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Anhui, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Anhui, China
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Zhou X, Zeng M, Huang F, Qin G, Song Z, Liu F. The potential role of plant secondary metabolites on antifungal and immunomodulatory effect. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12601-5. [PMID: 37272939 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of antibiotic drugs worldwide and the global increase in the number of immunodeficient patients, fungal infections have become a serious threat to global public health security. Moreover, the evolution of fungal resistance to existing antifungal drugs is on the rise. To address these issues, the development of new antifungal drugs or fungal inhibitors needs to be targeted urgently. Plant secondary metabolites are characterized by a wide variety of chemical structures, low price, high availability, high antimicrobial activity, and few side effects. Therefore, plant secondary metabolites may be important resources for the identification and development of novel antifungal drugs. However, there are few studies to summarize those contents. In this review, the antifungal modes of action of plant secondary metabolites toward different types of fungi and fungal infections are covered, as well as highlighting immunomodulatory effects on the human body. This review of the literature should lay the foundation for research into new antifungal drugs and the discovery of new targets. KEY POINTS: • Immunocompromised patients who are infected the drug-resistant fungi are increasing. • Plant secondary metabolites toward various fungal targets are covered. • Plant secondary metabolites with immunomodulatory effect are verified in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangyan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Zeng Q, Hu S, Liu Z, Wang S, Jin Y, Li L, Ou H, Wu Z. Chaihu Shugan San ameliorated cognitive deficits through regulating gut microbiota in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1181226. [PMID: 37256236 PMCID: PMC10226648 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1181226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicines exhibit promising preventive effects on Alzheimer's disease. Chaihu Shugan San (CSS) is a well-known traditional herbal formula whose several kinds of ingredients have the potential of ameliorating Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CSS on the microbiota-gut-brain axis and cognitive deficits of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as well as investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Thirty 5-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the model group (SAMP8), CSS low-dose treatment group (CSSL), and CSS high-dose treatment group (CSSH). Ten SAMR1 mice were used as the normal control, and ten SAMP8 mice treated with donepezil were used as the positive control of cognitive function. CSS was orally administrated to SAMP8 mice for 8 weeks. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive function. Histological staining was used to observe neuronal injury and Aβ deposition. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the synaptic ultrastructure. 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed to measure the changes in intestinal microbiota. Results: The results showed that CSS significantly improved the learning function and memory deficits of aged SAMP8 mice in the Morris water maze examination. CSS ameliorated neuronal injury, synaptic injuries, and Aβ deposition in the brain of SAMP8 mice. In addition, CSS also significantly improved microbiota composition in terms of elevating Lactobacillus reuteri and decreasing Staphylococcus xylosus in the feces of aged SAMP8 mice. Conclusion: These findings suggested that CSS might have a preventive potential for cognitive deficits in aging through regulating gut microbiota, which paved the way for the application of CSS for prevention and therapeutic purposes for mild cognitive impairment as well as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Academician Workstation, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Academician Workstation, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengquan Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanyan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Limin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanlin Ou
- Academician Workstation, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Academician Workstation, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
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12
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Rische CH, Thames AN, Krier-Burris RA, O’Sullivan JA, Bochner BS, Scott EA. Drug delivery targets and strategies to address mast cell diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:205-222. [PMID: 36629456 PMCID: PMC9928520 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2166926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current and developing mast cell therapeutics are reliant on small molecule drugs and biologics, but few are truly selective for mast cells. Most have cellular and disease-specific limitations that require innovation to overcome longstanding challenges to selectively targeting and modulating mast cell behavior. This review is designed to serve as a frame of reference for new approaches that utilize nanotechnology or combine different drugs to increase mast cell selectivity and therapeutic efficacy. AREAS COVERED Mast cell diseases include allergy and related conditions as well as malignancies. Here, we discuss the targets of existing and developing therapies used to treat these disease pathologies, classifying them into cell surface, intracellular, and extracellular categories. For each target discussed, we discuss drugs that are either the current standard of care, under development, or have indications for potential use. Finally, we discuss how novel technologies and tools can be used to take existing therapeutics to a new level of selectivity and potency against mast cells. EXPERT OPINION There are many broadly and very few selectively targeted therapeutics for mast cells in allergy and malignant disease. Combining existing targeting strategies with technology like nanoparticles will provide novel platforms to treat mast cell disease more selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton H. Rische
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariel N. Thames
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Krier-Burris
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Microbiolgy-Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Paeoniflorin Protects H9c2 Cardiomyocytes against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Induced Injury via Regulating the AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7667770. [PMID: 36276847 PMCID: PMC9584672 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7667770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury contributes to the exacerbation of heart disease by causing cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and even sudden death. Studies have found that paeoniflorin (PF) has a protective effect on coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the mechanism of PF in MIR has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional role of PF in H9c2 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Here, PF treatment enhanced cell viability in H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. In H9c2 cells, PF treatment reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H/R. In H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells, PF also increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, PF protected H9c2 cells against H/R-induced apoptosis, as demonstrated by increased Bcl-2 expression, decreased Bax expression, and decreased caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, PF increased the levels of p-AMPK and nuclear Nrf2 expression in response to H/R stimulation. AMPK inhibition, on the other hand, abolished the PF-mediated increase in Nrf2 signaling and the cardiac-protective effect in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R. These data suggest that PF protected H9c2 cells against H/R-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through modulating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings support the therapeutic potential of PF in myocardial I/R damage.
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Wu Q, Li X, Jiang XW, Yao D, Zhou LJ, Xu ZH, Wang N, Zhao QC, Zhang Z. Yuan-Zhi decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: An integrated approach based on chemical profiling, network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893244. [PMID: 36091836 PMCID: PMC9451491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuan-Zhi Decoction (YZD) is a traditional Chinese medical formulation with demonstrated clinical benefits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify 27 unique chemical components of YZD. Analyzing these using network pharmacology and molecular docking models identified 34 potential interacting molecular targets involved in 26 biochemical pathways. When tested in an animal model of AD, the APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed measurable improvements in spatial orientation and memory after the administration of YZD. These improvements coincided with significantly reduced deposition of Aβ plaques and tau protein in the hippocampi in the treated animals. In addition, a decreased BACE1 and beta-amyloid levels, a downregulation of the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, and an upregulation of the PI3K and p-AKT/AKT pathway was seen in YZD treated animals. These in vivo changes validated the involvement of molecular targets and pathways predicted in silico analysis of the chemical components of YZD. This study provides scientific support for the clinical use of YZD and justifies further investigations into its effects in AD. Furthermore, it demonstrates the utility of network pharmacology in elucidating the biochemical mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Zhang, ; Qing-Chun Zhao,
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Zhang, ; Qing-Chun Zhao,
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15
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Pan S, Zhang X, Guo Y, Li Y. DPCPX induces Bim-dependent apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2050-2059. [PMID: 35989488 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ADORA1 promotes tumor growth and development in multiple cancers. DPCPX (a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist), a specific ADORA1 antagonist, has shown antitumor effects in many cancer types. Nevertheless, the function of DPCPX in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) still remains to be unraveled. In this study, we investigated the functional role of DPCPX on NPC cells. We found that DPCPX promotes NPC cells growth inhibition. DPCPX induced Bim-dependent apoptosis in NPC cells irrespective of p53 status via the FoxO3a pathway following PI3K/AKT inhibition. Furthermore, DPCPX enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin, 5-FU and Paclitaxel in NPC. Xenograft experiment revealed that deficiency of Bim in vivo stalls apoptosis and antitumor activity of DPCPX. In conclusion, the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a/Bim axis plays a critical role in the anticancer effects of DPCPX in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suming Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xiangguo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yugan Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yin Li
- Faculty of education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
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16
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Hong H, Lu X, Wu C, Chen J, Chen C, Zhang J, Huang C, Cui Z. A review for the pharmacological effects of paeoniflorin in the nervous system. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898955. [PMID: 36046834 PMCID: PMC9420976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin, a terpenoid glycoside compound extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall, shows preventive and therapeutic effects in various types of nervous system disorders. However, to date, no comprehensive knowledge on the pharmacological effects of paeoniflorin on the nervous system is available online. Clarification of this issue may be useful for the development of paeoniflorin as a new drug for the treatment of nervous system disorders. To this end, the authors summarize the pharmacological aspects of paeoniflorin and its possible mechanisms, such as restoration of mitochondrial function; inhibition of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis; activation of adenosine A1 receptor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2); or enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin function, in the prevention of disorders such as cerebral ischemia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, post-traumatic syndrome disorder, and epilepsy, by reviewing the previously published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Sun L, Ye X, Wang L, Yu J, Wu Y, Wang M, Dai L. A Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Buyang Huanwu Decoction for the Treatment of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:942188. [PMID: 35844225 PMCID: PMC9278698 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.942188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is often referred to as “collaterals disease” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and commonly includes ischemic and hemorrhagic CSVD. TCM has a long history of treating CSVD and has demonstrated unique efficacy. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) is a classical TCM formula that has been used for the prevention and treatment of stroke for hundreds of years. BHD exerts its therapeutic effects on CSVD through a variety of mechanisms. In this review, the clinical and animal studies on BHD and CSVD were systematically introduced. In addition, the pharmacological mechanisms, active components, and clinical applications of BHD in the treatment of CSVD were reviewed. We believe that an in-depth understanding of BHD, its pharmacological mechanism, disease-drug interaction, and other aspects will help in laying the foundation for its development as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CSVD.
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18
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Wang XZ, Xia L, Zhang XY, Chen Q, Li X, Mou Y, Wang T, Zhang YN. The multifaceted mechanisms of Paeoniflorin in the treatment of tumors: State-of-the-Art. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112800. [PMID: 35279012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin is a water-soluble monoterpenoid glycoside that can be derived from multiple herbaceous plants, such as Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Paeonia suffruticosa and Cimicifugae Foetidae. Multiple studies have suggested that Paeoniflorin possesses an excellent anti-tumor effect in variety of tumors, including liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer and bladder cancer. It can induce cell apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, invasion and metastasis via different molecular mechanisms, which are mainly involved in nuclear transcription factor kappα (NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) family, MicroRNA, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4(NEDD4) signaling pathway, transcription activating factor (STAT3), p21, p53/14-3-3 signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smads signaling pathway, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and Notch-1. Current studies on anti-tumor effect and mechanism of action of Paeoniflorin remain unclear. Therefore, this study reviews the research progress in the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Paeoniflorin in an attempt to provide a new thought and theoretical basis for further development and clinical application of Paeoniflorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhen Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China; Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China.
| | - Lei Xia
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China; Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - Xiao Yu Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China; Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China; Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - Yue Mou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China; Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China.
| | - Ya Nan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China; Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250355, China.
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Multiple Roles of Paeoniflorin in Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2464163. [PMID: 35449815 PMCID: PMC9017479 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2464163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a geriatric disease with the morbidity and mortality continuing to grow, partly due to the aging of the world population. As one of the most common types of primary neurodegenerative dementia, it is mainly due to environmental, epigenetic, immunological, and genetic factors. Paeoniflorin (PF), the main component of paeony extract, plays a more and more important role in the prevention and treatment of AD, including regulating protein, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis, protecting glial cells, regulating neurotransmitters and related enzymes and receptors, and inhibiting or activating related signal pathways. This article summarizes the latest researches on the multiple effects and the mechanisms of PF in the treatment to cure AD, providing new insights and research basis for further clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of AD.
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20
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O'Leary TP, Brown RE. Visuo-spatial learning and memory impairments in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Effects of age, sex, albinism, and motor impairments. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12794. [PMID: 35238473 PMCID: PMC9744519 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rapidly develops AD-related neuro-behavioral pathology. Learning and memory impairments in 5xFAD mice, however, are not always replicated and the size of impairments varies considerably across studies. To examine possible sources of this variability, we analyzed the effects of age, sex, albinism due to background genes (Tyrc , Oca2p ) and motor impairment on learning and memory performance of wild type and 5xFAD mice on the Morris water maze, from 3 to 15 months of age. The 5xFAD mice showed impaired learning at 6-9 months of age, but memory impairments were not detected with the test procedure used in this study. Performance of 5xFAD mice was profoundly impaired at 12-15 months of age, but was accompanied by slower swim speeds than wild-type mice and a frequent failure to locate the escape platform. Overall female mice performed worse than males, and reversal learning impairments in 5xFAD mice were more pronounced in females than males. Albino mice performed worse than pigmented mice, confirming that albinism can impair performance of 5xFAD mice independently of AD-related transgenes. Overall, these results show that 5xFAD mice have impaired learning performance at 6-9 months of age, but learning and memory performance at 12-15 months is confounded with motor impairments. Furthermore, sex and albinism should be controlled to provide an accurate assessment of AD-related transgenes on learning and memory. These results will help reduce variability across pre-clinical experiments with 5xFAD mice, and thus enhance the reliability of studies developing new therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. O'Leary
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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21
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He ZQ, Huan PF, Wang L, He JC. Paeoniflorin ameliorates cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease via JNK/p53 signaling. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1057-1070. [PMID: 35230626 PMCID: PMC9042992 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) has numerous benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. However, it is not clear if it has neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment (CI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Through network pharmacology, we identified probable targets as well as signal pathways through which PF might affect CI in PD. Then, we experimentally validated our findings. The core genes of the protein-protein interactions (PPI) network include MAPK8 (JNK), TP53, CASP3 (caspase-3), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) and synaptophysin (SYN). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were significantly enriched. Because JNK is a key mediator of p53-induced apoptosis, we wondered if JNK/p53 pathway influences the effects of PF against apoptosis in mouse model of PD. Molecular docking analysis showed that PF had good affinity for JNK/p53. The results of the experiments indicated that PF ameliorated behavioral impairments and upregulated the expression of the dopamine (DA) neurons, suppressed cell apoptosis in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of PD. Additionally, PF improved 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of the CA1 and CA3, and upregulating PSD-95 as well as SYN protein levels. Similar protective effects were observed upon JNK/p53 pathway inhibition using SP600125. Overall, PF improved CI in PD by inhibiting JNK/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Qing He
- Department of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng-Fei Huan
- Department of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
| | - Jian-Cheng He
- Department of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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22
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Debom GN, Rubenich DS, Braganhol E. Adenosinergic Signaling as a Key Modulator of the Glioma Microenvironment and Reactive Astrocytes. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:648476. [PMID: 35069091 PMCID: PMC8766410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are numerous glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in brain homeostasis. These cells can directly communicate with neurons by releasing gliotransmitters, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate, into the multipartite synapse. Moreover, astrocytes respond to tissue injury in the CNS environment. Recently, astrocytic heterogeneity and plasticity have been discussed by several authors, with studies proposing a spectrum of astrocytic activation characterized by A1/neurotoxic and A2/neuroprotective polarization extremes. The fundamental roles of astrocytes in communicating with other cells and sustaining homeostasis are regulated by purinergic signaling. In the CNS environment, the gliotransmitter ATP acts cooperatively with other glial signaling molecules, such as cytokines, which may impact CNS functions by facilitating/inhibiting neurotransmitter release. Adenosine (ADO), the main product of extracellular ATP metabolism, is an important homeostatic modulator and acts as a neuromodulator in synaptic transmission via P1 receptor sensitization. Furthermore, purinergic signaling is a key factor in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as damaged cells release ATP, leading to ADO accumulation in the TME through the ectonucleotidase cascade. Indeed, the enzyme CD73, which converts AMP to ADO, is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells; this upregulation is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Because of the crucial activity of CD73 in these cells, extracellular ADO accumulation in the TME contributes to sustaining glioblastoma immune escape while promoting A2-like activation. The present review describes the importance of ADO in modulating astrocyte polarization and simultaneously promoting tumor growth. We also discuss whether targeting of CD73 to block ADO production can be used as an alternative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Debom
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dominique S Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Cardiologia - Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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23
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Peng W, Chen Y, Tumilty S, Liu L, Luo L, Yin H, Xie Y. Paeoniflorin is a promising natural monomer for neurodegenerative diseases via modulation of Ca 2+ and ROS homeostasis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 62:97-102. [PMID: 34959127 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a range of neurological disorders featured by neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. Cellular Calcium (Ca2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dyshomeostasis are the earliest and important events in the development of NDDs and may yield promising therapeutic targets for NDDs. Paeoniflorin, a water-soluble monoterpene glucoside, is the major bioactive monomer extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora pall. Increasing evidence has suggested that this natural compound might be used to treat various NDDs, and its potential molecular mechanisms are related to the modulation of Ca2+/ROS homeostasis in cells. In addition, paeoniflorin accounts for more than 40% of the total glucosides of herbaceous peonies with abundant herbaceous sources. Furthermore, it has also been validated as a safe extraction in clinical pharmacological research with a wide therapeutic window. Hence, it is rational to anticipate paeoniflorin being a promising candidate for the treatment of NDDs via regulating Ca2+/ROS dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy/Basic Medicine/Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China; China-New Zealand Collaboration Centre for Integrative Medicine (CHINZIM), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- School of Pharmacy/Basic Medicine/Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China; China-New Zealand Collaboration Centre for Integrative Medicine (CHINZIM), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Wu Hou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China.
| | - Steve Tumilty
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, 9054, New Zealand; China-New Zealand Collaboration Centre for Integrative Medicine (CHINZIM), University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lizhou Liu
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, 9054, New Zealand; China-New Zealand Collaboration Centre for Integrative Medicine (CHINZIM), University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, 9054, New Zealand; Ageing Well National Science Challenge, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ling Luo
- School of Pharmacy/Basic Medicine/Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China; China-New Zealand Collaboration Centre for Integrative Medicine (CHINZIM), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- School of Pharmacy/Basic Medicine/Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China; China-New Zealand Collaboration Centre for Integrative Medicine (CHINZIM), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Wu Hou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
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24
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Qiao O, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ji H, Li Z, Han X, Wang W, Li X, Wang J, Liu C, Gao W. Cerebralcare Granule® enhances memantine hydrochloride efficacy in APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating amyloid pathology and cognitive functions. Chin Med 2021; 16:47. [PMID: 34183022 PMCID: PMC8240384 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory deficits and cognitive decline. Current drugs can only relieve symptoms, but cannot really cure AD. Cerebralcare Granule® (CG) is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing a variety of biologically active compounds. In our previous studies, CG has shown a beneficial effect against memory impairment in mice caused by d-galactose. However, whether CG can be used as a complementary medicine for the treatment of AD remains unexplored. Here, we use a combination of CG and memantine hydrochloride (Mm) to treat Alzheimer-like pathology and investigate the effects and mechanisms in vivo. Methods The histology of brain was examined with Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, Golgi staining and Thioflavin S staining. ELISA was applied to assess the expression levels or activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum, as well as the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the mice brain. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of β-secretase (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP), APPβ, APPα, synaptophysin (SYN), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95). Results In the present study, the combination group (CG + Mm) significantly attenuated Alzheimer-like behavior without adverse effects in APP/PS1 mice, indicating its high degree of safety and efficacy after long-term treatment. CG + Mm reduced AD pathological biomarker Aβ plaque accumulation by inhibiting BACE1 and APP expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Besides, the combination group markedly inhibited the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus (P < 0.001), as well as activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in serum (P < 0.001). By contrast, the combination group improved synaptic plasticity by enhancing SYN, PSD95, and GAP43 expression. Conclusions Taken together, these data supported the notion that CG combined with Mm might ameliorate the cognitive impairment through multiple pathways, suggesting that CG could play a role as complementary medicine to increase anti-AD effect of chemical drugs by reducing Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and improving synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haixia Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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25
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Jiao F, Varghese K, Wang S, Liu Y, Yu H, Booz GW, Roman RJ, Liu R, Fan F. Recent Insights Into the Protective Mechanisms of Paeoniflorin in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Renal Diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:728-734. [PMID: 34001724 PMCID: PMC8169546 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The monoterpene glycoside paeoniflorin (PF) is the principal active constituent of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra, which have been used for millennia to treat cardiovascular diseases (eg, hypertension, bleeding, and atherosclerosis) and neurological ailments (eg, headaches, vertigo, dementia, and pain). Recent evidence has revealed that PF exerts inhibitory effects on inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis by targeting several intracellular signaling cascades. In this review, we address the current knowledge about the pharmacokinetic properties of PF and its molecular mechanisms of action. We also present results from recent preclinical studies supporting the utility of PF for the treatment of pain, cerebral ischemic injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Moreover, new evidence suggests a general protective role of PF in heart attack, diabetic kidney, and atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, PF exerts multiple anti-inflammatory actions by targeting toll-like receptor-mediated signaling in both parenchymal and immune cells (in particular, macrophages and dendritic cells). A better understanding of the molecular actions of PF may lead to the expansion of its therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kevin Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ruen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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26
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Shen C, Shen B, Zhu J, Wang J, Yuan H, Li X. Glycyrrhizic acid-based self-assembled micelles for improving oral bioavailability of paeoniflorin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:207-214. [PMID: 33305640 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1862178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeoniflorin (Pae), a water-soluble monoterpene glucoside, has high potential clinical value in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the extremely low oral bioavailability of Pae (approximately 3%-4%) limits its formulation development and clinical application. This study aimed to develop micelles using the glycyrrhizic acid (GL) as the carrier to improve the oral absorption of Pae. METHODS Pae-loaded GL micelles were prepared by the ultrasonic dispersion method and its formulation was optimized by single-factor tests. Characterizations of Pae-loaded GL micelles including particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), morphology, and drug release in vitro were carried out. The single-pass intestinal perfusion and pharmacokinetic studies of Pae-loaded GL micelles were also evaluated in rats and compared with Pae solution and the mixed solution of Pae and GL. RESULTS The optimized Pae-loaded GL micelles had EE of (42.21 ± 0.89)%, particle size of (58.89 ± 4.24) nm with PDI of (0.194 ± 0.010), zeta potential of (-24.40 ± 1.90) mV. Pae-loaded GL micelles showed a nearly spherical shape under TEM. Drug release of micelles demonstrated a delayed drug release compared to Pae solution. The single-pass intestinal perfusion study showed a significantly higher permeability of Pae in duodenum (p < 0.05), jejunum (p < 0.05), ileum (p < 0.01) and colon (p < 0.01) intestine after perfusion of Pae-loaded GL micelles as compared to Pae solution. The in vivo pharmacokinetics demonstrated that the Cmax and AUC0-t values of Pae-loaded GL micelles were approximately 2.18- and 3.64-fold superior than the Pae solution. CONCLUSION These results suggested GL could be a potential carrier for the oral delivery of Pae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Shen
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Baode Shen
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaofang Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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27
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Cho EJ, Kim HY, Lee AY. Paeoniflorin ameliorates Aβ-stimulated neuroinflammation via regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway and Aβ degradation in C6 glial cells. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:593-605. [PMID: 33282122 PMCID: PMC7683209 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.6.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease is common age-related neurodegenerative condition characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation that leads cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of paeoniflorin (PF) against Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanism in C6 glial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS C6 glial cells were treated with PF and Aβ25–35, and cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release were measured. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the effect of PF on inflammatory responses and Aβ degradation was determined by Western blot. RESULTS Aβ25–35 significantly reduced cell viability, but this reduction was prevented by the pretreatment with PF. In addition, PF significantly inhibited Aβ25–35-induced NO production in C6 glial cells. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also significantly reduced by PF. Further mechanistic studies indicated that PF suppressed the production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The protein levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 were downregulated and phosphorylation of NF-κB was blocked by PF. However, PF elevated the protein expression of inhibitor kappa B-alpha and those of Aβ degrading enzymes, insulin degrading enzyme and neprilysin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that PF exerts protective effects against Aβ-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling, and these effects were associated with the enhanced activity of Aβ degradation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
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28
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Wang Y, Peng M. Research Progress on Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine Jieyu Pills in the Treatment of Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:3023-3033. [PMID: 33324063 PMCID: PMC7733407 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s282384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common clinical psychological disease, which is called "yu zheng" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM has a long history in the treatment of depression (yu zheng), which has unique advantages. Jieyu pill (JYP), a classical TCM formula, has been widely used for treating depression because of its clear clinical efficacy, low side effects, and high compliance. In this review, we systematically introduce recent clinical and animal experimental studies on JYP and depression, and review the pharmacological mechanism and active ingredients of JYP, as well as its clinical application in depression therapy. This systematic review provides a deep understanding of TCM prescriptions, pharmacological mechanisms, and disease-medicine interactions, and lays the foundation for developing new treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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