1
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Funakoshi M, Araki T. Mechanism of initiation and regulation of axonal degeneration with special reference to NMNATs and Sarm1. Neurosci Res 2023; 197:3-8. [PMID: 34767875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is observed in a variety of contexts in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Pathological signaling to regulate the progression of axonal degeneration has long been studied using Wallerian degeneration, the prototypical axonal degradation observed after injury, as a representative model. Understanding metabolism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and the functional regulation of Sarm1 has generated great progress in this field, but there are a number of remaining questions. Here, in this short review, we describe our current understanding of the axonal degeneration mechanism, with special reference to the biology related to wlds mice and Sarm1. Furthermore, variations of axonal degeneration initiation are discussed in order to address the remaining questions needed for mechanistic clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masabumi Funakoshi
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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2
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Suzuki H, Li S, Tokutomi T, Takeuchi C, Takahashi M, Yamada M, Okuno H, Miya F, Takenouchi T, Numabe H, Kosaki K, Ohshima T. De novo non-synonymous DPYSL2 (CRMP2) variants in two patients with intellectual disabilities and documentation of functional relevance through zebrafish rescue and cellular transfection experiments. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4173-4182. [PMID: 35861646 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (Crmp2) is an evolutionarily well-conserved tubulin-binding cytosolic protein that plays critical roles in the formation of neural circuitry in model organisms including zebrafish and rodents. No clinical evidence that CRMP2 variants are responsible for monogenic neurogenic disorders in humans presently exists. Here, we describe two patients with de novo non-synonymous variants (S14R and R565C) of CRMP2 and intellectual disability associated with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. We further performed various functional assays of CRMP2 variants using zebrafish and zebrafish Crmp2 (abbreviated as z-CRMP2 hereafter) and an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide [AMO]-based experimental system in which crmp2-morphant zebrafish exhibit the ectopic positioning of caudal primary (CaP) motor neurons. Whereas the co-injection of wild-type z-CRMP2 mRNA suppressed the ectopic positioning of CaP motor neurons in Crmp2-morphant zebrafish, the co-injection of R566C or S15R, z-CRMP2, which corresponds to R565C and S14R of human CRMP2, failed to rescue the ectopic positioning. Transfection experiments of zebrafish or rat Crmp2 using plasmid vectors in HeLa cells, with or without a proteasome inhibitor, demonstrated that the expression levels of mutant Crmp2 protein encoded by R565C and S14R CRMP2 variants were decreased, presumably because of increased degradation by proteasomes. When we compared CRMP2-tubulin interactions using co-immunoprecipitation and cellular localization studies, the R565C and S14R mutations weakened the interactions. These results collectively suggest that the CRMP2 variants detected in the present study consistently led to the loss-of-function of CRMP2 protein and support the notion that pathogenic variants in CRMP2 can cause intellectual disabilities in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simo Li
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Tokutomi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Chisen Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takahashi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Okuno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironao Numabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Kawamoto Y, Tada M, Asano T, Nakamura H, Jitsuki-Takahashi A, Makihara H, Kubota S, Hashiguchi S, Kunii M, Ohshima T, Goshima Y, Takeuchi H, Doi H, Nakamura F, Tanaka F. Phosphorylated CRMP1, axon guidance protein, is a component of spheroids and is involved in axonal pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:994676. [PMID: 36237616 PMCID: PMC9552802 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.994676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neurodegeneration is characterized by distal axonopathy that begins at the distal axons, including the neuromuscular junctions, and progresses proximally in a “dying back” manner prior to the degeneration of cell bodies. However, the molecular mechanism for distal axonopathy in ALS has not been fully addressed. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a repulsive axon guidance molecule that phosphorylates collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs), is known to be highly expressed in Schwann cells near distal axons in a mouse model of ALS. To clarify the involvement of Sema3A–CRMP signaling in the axonal pathogenesis of ALS, we investigated the expression of phosphorylated CRMP1 (pCRMP1) in the spinal cords of 35 patients with sporadic ALS and seven disease controls. In ALS patients, we found that pCRMP1 accumulated in the proximal axons and co-localized with phosphorylated neurofilaments (pNFs), which are a major protein constituent of spheroids. Interestingly, the pCRMP1:pNF ratio of the fluorescence signal in spheroid immunostaining was inversely correlated with disease duration in 18 evaluable ALS patients, indicating that the accumulation of pCRMP1 may precede that of pNFs in spheroids or promote ALS progression. In addition, overexpression of a phospho-mimicking CRMP1 mutant inhibited axonal outgrowth in Neuro2A cells. Taken together, these results indicate that pCRMP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of axonopathy in ALS, leading to spheroid formation through the proximal progression of axonopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawamoto
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Asano
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aoi Jitsuki-Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Makihara
- Department of Nursing Course Biological Science and Nursing, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shun Kubota
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunta Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misako Kunii
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumiaki Tanaka
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4
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Asano T, Nakamura H, Kawamoto Y, Tada M, Kimura Y, Takano H, Yao R, Saito H, Ikeda T, Komiya H, Kubota S, Hashiguchi S, Takahashi K, Kunii M, Tanaka K, Goshima Y, Nakamura F, Takeuchi H, Doi H, Tanaka F. Inhibition of Crmp1 Phosphorylation at Ser522 Ameliorates Motor Function and Neuronal Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Mice. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0133-22.2022. [PMID: 35523582 PMCID: PMC9131721 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0133-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects upper and lower motor neurons; however, its pathomechanism has not been fully elucidated. Using a comprehensive phosphoproteomic approach, we have identified elevated phosphorylation of Collapsin response mediator protein 1 (Crmp1) at serine 522 in the lumbar spinal cord of ALS model mice overexpressing a human superoxide dismutase mutant (SOD1G93A). We investigated the effects of Crmp1 phosphorylation and depletion in SOD1G93A mice using Crmp1S522A (Ser522→Ala) knock-in (Crmp1ki/ki ) mice in which the S522 phosphorylation site was abolished and Crmp1 knock-out (Crmp1-/-) mice, respectively. Crmp1ki/ki /SOD1G93A mice showed longer latency to fall in a rotarod test while Crmp1-/-/SOD1G93A mice showed shorter latency compared with SOD1G93A mice. Survival was prolonged in Crmp1ki/ki /SOD1G93A mice but not in Crmp1-/-/SOD1G93A mice. In agreement with these phenotypic findings, residual motor neurons and innervated neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were comparatively well-preserved in Crmp1ki/ki /SOD1G93A mice without affecting microglial and astroglial pathology. Pathway analysis of proteome alterations showed that the sirtuin signaling pathway had opposite effects in Crmp1ki/ki /SOD1G93A and Crmp1-/-/SOD1G93A mice. Our study indicates that modifying CRMP1 phosphorylation is a potential therapeutic strategy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Asano
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuko Kawamoto
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takano
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroya Saito
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takuya Ikeda
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Komiya
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shun Kubota
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shunta Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Misako Kunii
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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5
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Molecular Mechanism for PACAP 38-Induced Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:2522454. [PMID: 34422037 PMCID: PMC8371652 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2522454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research investigates the molecular mechanism of neurite outgrowth (protrusion elongation) under pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) 38 treatments using a rat adrenal-derived pheochromocytoma cell line-PC12. This study specifically looks into the regulation of PACAP38-induced collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) previously identified in a mouse brain ischemia model and which could be recovered by PACAP38 treatment. Previously, DNA microarray analysis revealed that PACAP 38-mediated neuroprotection involved not only CRMP2 but also pathways related to glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and other signaling components. Thus, to clarify whether CRMP2 acts directly on PACAP38 or through GSK-3β as part of the mechanism of PACAP38-induced neurite outgrowth, we observed neurite outgrowth in the presence of GSK-3β inhibitors and activators. PC12 cells were treated with PACAP38 being added to the cell culture medium at concentrations of 10-7 M, 10-8 M, and 10-9 M. Post PACAP38 treatment, immunostaining was used to confirm protrusion elongation of the PC12 cells, while RT-PCR, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with Western blotting, and inhibition experiments were performed to confirm the expression of the PACAP gene, its receptors, and downstream signaling components. Our data show that neurite protrusion elongation by PACAP38 (10-7 M) in PC12 cells is mediated through the PAC1-R receptor as demonstrated by its suppression by a specific inhibitor PA-8. Inhibitor experiments suggested that PACAP38-triggered neurite protrusion follows a GSK-3β-regulated pathway, where the AKT and cAMP/ERK pathways are involved and where the inhibition of Rho/Roc could enhance neurite protrusion under PACAP38 stimulation. Although we could not yet confirm the exact role and position of CRMP2 in PACAP38-mediated PC12 cell elongation, it appears that its phosphorylation and dephosphorylation have a correlation with the neurite protrusion elongation through the interplay of CDK5, which needs to be investigated further.
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6
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Araki T. [Mechanism of axonal degeneration: from molecular signaling to the development of therapeutic applications]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:66-70. [PMID: 33642532 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurons communicate with other cells via long processes, i.e., axons and dendrites, functionally and morphologically specialized tree-like structures. Formation and maintenance of such processes play a crucial role in neuronal functions. Axons are particularly important for construction of neuronal network, and, together with synapses at the end of them, play a central role in transmission of information. Axonal degeneration, a phenomenon that once formed axons lose structural integrity, is most typically observed as "Wallerian degeneration", in which injured axonal segment (distal to the site of injury) degenerates. Different forms of axonal degeneration are also observed in a variety of contexts, including pathogenesis and progression of different neurodegenerative disorders, as well as neuronal network formation during development. Thus, understanding of regulatory mechanism of axonal degeneration is important in many aspects, such as for clarification of neuronal morphogenesis mechanism, and for development of neuroprotective therapy against neurological disorders. Here, I discuss recent progress in the research field of axonal degeneration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
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7
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Khanna R, Moutal A, Perez-Miller S, Chefdeville A, Boinon L, Patek M. Druggability of CRMP2 for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2492-2505. [PMID: 32693579 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are ubiquitously expressed phosphoproteins that coordinate cytoskeletal formation and regulate cellular division, migration, polarity, and synaptic connection. CRMP2, the most studied of the five family members, is best known for its affinity for tubulin heterodimers and function in regulating the microtubule network. Accumulating evidence has also demonstrated a key role for CRMP2 in trafficking of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels. These functions are tightly regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and SUMOylation (addition of a small ubiquitin like modifier). Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that dysregulated post-translational modifications of CRMP2 contribute to the pathomechanisms of diverse diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain, and bipolar disorder. Here, we review the discovery, functions, and current putative preclinical and clinical therapeutics targeting CRMP2. These potential therapeutics include CRMP2-based peptides that inhibit protein-protein interactions and small-molecule compounds. Capitalizing on the availability of structural information, we identify druggable pockets on CRMP2 and predict binding modes for five known CRMP2-targeting compounds, setting the stage for optimization and de novo drug discovery targeting this multifunctional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Regulonix LLC, Tucson, Arizona 85718, United States
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Lisa Boinon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Marcel Patek
- BrightRock Path, LLC, Tucson, Arizona 85704, United States
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8
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Hou ST. The regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs in neuritogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and gene transcription. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104795. [PMID: 32652266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are ubiquitously expressed in neurons from worms to humans. A cardinal feature of CRMPs is to mediate growth cone collapse in response to Semaphorin-3A signaling through interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. These are critical regulatory roles that CRMPs play during neuritogenesis and neural network formation. Through post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, SUMOylation, and proteolytic cleavage, CRMPs participate in synaptic plasticity by modulating NMDA receptors, L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), thus affecting neurotransmitter release. CRMPs also possess histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone H4 during neuronal death. Calcium-dependent proteolytic cleavage of CRMPs results in the truncation of CRMPs, producing a large 54 kD fragment (p54). Translocation of the p54 fragment into the nucleus leads to deacetylation of nuclear histone H4 and de-repression of transcription factor E2F1 expression. Increased expression of E2F1 elevates the expression of genes in cell cycle and death. These new and exciting studies lead to the realization that CRMPs are multifunctional proteins with both regulatory and enzymatic functions. Increasing numbers of studies associate these functions of CRMPs with the development of mental and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's diseases, brain trauma, and stroke. This review focuses on new evidence showing the regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs and highlights recent understandings of CRMPs' roles in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Nakamura F, Ohshima T, Goshima Y. Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins: Their Biological Functions and Pathophysiology in Neuronal Development and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:188. [PMID: 32655376 PMCID: PMC7325199 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs), which consist of five homologous cytosolic proteins, are one of the major phosphoproteins in the developing nervous system. The prominent feature of the CRMP family proteins is a new class of microtubule-associated proteins that play important roles in the whole process of developing the nervous system, such as axon guidance, synapse maturation, cell migration, and even in adult brain function. The CRMP C-terminal region is subjected to posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, which, in turn, regulates the interaction between the CRMPs and various kinds of proteins including receptors, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins, and motor proteins. The gene-knockout of the CRMP family proteins produces different phenotypes, thereby showing distinct roles of all CRMP family proteins. Also, the phenotypic analysis of a non-phosphorylated form of CRMP2-knockin mouse model, and studies of pharmacological responses to CRMP-related drugs suggest that the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process plays a pivotal role in pathophysiology in neuronal development, regeneration, and neurodegenerative disorders, thus showing CRMPs as promising target molecules for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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10
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Varderidou-Minasian S, Verheijen BM, Schätzle P, Hoogenraad CC, Pasterkamp RJ, Altelaar M. Deciphering the Proteome Dynamics during Development of Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2391-2403. [PMID: 32357013 PMCID: PMC7281779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Neuronal development is a complex
multistep process that shapes
neurons by progressing though several typical stages, including axon
outgrowth, dendrite formation, and synaptogenesis. Knowledge of the
mechanisms of neuronal development is mostly derived from the study
of animal models. Advances in stem cell technology now enable us to
generate neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Here we provide a mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic signature
of human iPSC-derived neurons, i.e., iPSC-derived induced glutamatergic
neurons and iPSC-derived motor neurons, throughout neuronal differentiation.
Tandem mass tag 10-plex labeling was carried out to perform proteomic
profiling of cells at different time points. Our analysis reveals
significant expression changes (FDR < 0.001) of several key proteins
during the differentiation process, e.g., proteins involved in the
Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. Overall, our data provide a rich
resource of information on protein expression during human iPSC neuron
differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Varderidou-Minasian
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Schätzle
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Chiha W, Bartlett CA, Petratos S, Fitzgerald M, Harvey AR. Intravitreal application of AAV-BDNF or mutant AAV-CRMP2 protects retinal ganglion cells and stabilizes axons and myelin after partial optic nerve injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 326:113167. [PMID: 31904385 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secondary degeneration following an initial injury to the central nervous system (CNS) results in increased tissue loss and is associated with increasing functional impairment. Unilateral partial dorsal transection of the adult rat optic nerve (ON) has proved to be a useful experimental model in which to study factors that contribute to secondary degenerative events. Using this injury model, we here quantified the protective effects of intravitreally administered bi-cistronic adeno-associated viral (AAV2) vectors encoding either brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or a mutant, phospho-resistant, version of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2T555A) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), their axons, and associated myelin. To test for potential synergistic interactions, some animals received combined injections of both vectors. Three months post-injury, all treatments maintained RGC numbers in central retina, but only AAV2-BDNF significantly protected ventrally located RGCs exclusively vulnerable to secondary degeneration. Behaviourally, treatments that involved AAV2-BDNF significantly restored the number of smooth-pursuit phases of optokinetic nystagmus. While all therapeutic regimens preserved axonal density and proportions of typical complexes, including heminodes and single nodes, BDNF treatments were generally more effective in maintaining the length of the node of Ranvier in myelin surrounding ventral ON axons after injury. Both AAV2-BDNF and AAV2-CRMP2T555A prevented injury-induced changes in G-ratio and overall myelin thickness, but only AAV2-BDNF administration protected against large-scale myelin decompaction in ventral ON. In summary, in a model of secondary CNS degeneration, both BDNF and CRMP2T555A vectors were neuroprotective, however different efficacies were observed for these overexpressed proteins in the retina and ON, suggesting disparate cellular and molecular targets driving responses for neural repair. The potential use of these vectors to treat other CNS injuries and pathologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Chiha
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Carole A Bartlett
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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12
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Moutal A, White KA, Chefdeville A, Laufmann RN, Vitiello PF, Feinstein D, Weimer JM, Khanna R. Dysregulation of CRMP2 Post-Translational Modifications Drive Its Pathological Functions. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6736-6755. [PMID: 30915713 PMCID: PMC6728212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed, homologous phosphoproteins best known for coordinating cytoskeletal formation and regulating cellular division, migration, polarity, and synaptic connection. CRMP2, the most studied of the five family members, is best known for its affinity for tubulin heterodimers and function in regulating the microtubule network. These functions are tightly regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, oxidation, and O-GlcNAcylation. While CRMP2's physiological functions rely mostly on its non-phosphorylated state, dysregulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and SUMOylation has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer, chronic pain, spinal cord injury, neurofibromatosis type 1, and others. Here, we provide a consolidated update on what is known about CRMP2 signaling and function, first focusing on axonal growth and neuronal polarity, then illustrating the link between dysregulated CRMP2 post-translational modifications and diseases. We additionally discuss the roles of CRMP2 in non-neuronal cells, both in the CNS and regions of the periphery. Finally, we offer thoughts on the therapeutic implications of modulating CRMP2 function in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rachel N Laufmann
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Peter F Vitiello
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Douglas Feinstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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13
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Araki T, Yamashita T. Mechanism of neuroaxonal degeneration: from molecular signaling to therapeutic applications. Neurosci Res 2019; 139:1-2. [PMID: 30738591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Moutal A, Kalinin S, Kowal K, Marangoni N, Dupree J, Lin SX, Lis K, Lisi L, Hensley K, Khanna R, Feinstein DL. Neuronal Conditional Knockout of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 Ameliorates Disease Severity in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2019; 11:1759091419892090. [PMID: 31795726 PMCID: PMC6893573 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419892090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that treatment with lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester (LKE) reduced disease severity and axonal damage in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis and increased neuronal maturation and survival in vitro . A major target of LKE is collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), suggesting this protein may mediate LKE actions. We now show that conditional knockout of CRMP2 from neurons using a CamK2a promoter to drive Cre recombinase expression reduces disease severity in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 EAE model, associated with decreased spinal cord axonal damage, and less glial activation in the cerebellum, but not the spinal cord. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction show CRMP2 depletion from descending motor neurons in the motor cortex, but not from spinal cord neurons, suggesting that the benefits of CRMP2 depletion on EAE may stem from effects on upper motor neurons. In addition, mice in which CRMP2 S522 phosphorylation was prevented by substitution for an alanine residue also showed reduced EAE severity. These results show that modification of CRMP2 expression and phosphorylation can influence the course of EAE and suggests that treatment with CRMP2 modulators such as LKE act in part by reducing CRMP2 S522 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kinga Lis
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome,
Italy
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith,
AR, USA
| | | | - Douglas L. Feinstein
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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