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Kramer M, Hoang TH, Yang H, Shchyglo O, Böge J, Neubacher U, Colitti-Klausnitzer J, Manahan-Vaughan D. Intracerebral inoculation of healthy non-transgenic rats with a single aliquot of oligomeric amyloid-β (1-42) profoundly and progressively alters brain function throughout life. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1397901. [PMID: 39156737 PMCID: PMC11327071 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1397901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the puzzling aspects of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is how it commences. Changes in one key brain peptide, amyloid-beta (Aβ), accompany disease progression, but whether this comprises a trigger or a consequence of AD is still a topic of debate. It is clear however that the cerebral presence of oligomeric Aβ (1-42) is a key factor in early AD-pathogenesis. Furthermore, treatment of rodent brains with oligomeric Aβ (1-42) either in vitro or in vivo, acutely impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity, creating a link between Aβ-pathology and learning impairments. Here, we show that a once-off inoculation of the brains of healthy adult rats with oligomeric Aβ (1-42) exerts debilitating effects on the long-term viability of the hippocampus, one of the primary targets of AD. Changes are progressive: months after treatment, synaptic plasticity, neuronal firing and spatial learning are impaired and expression of plasticity-related proteins are changed, in the absence of amyloid plaques. Early changes relate to activation of microglia, whereas later changes are associated with a reconstruction of astroglial morphology. These data suggest that a disruption of Aβ homeostasis may suffice to trigger an irreversible cascade, underlying progressive loss of hippocampal function, that parallels the early stages of AD.
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Yuan GY, Zhang JM, Xu YQ, Zou Y. Biosynthesis and Assembly Logic of Fungal Hybrid Terpenoid Natural Products. Chembiochem 2024:e202400387. [PMID: 38923144 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, fungi have emerged as significant sources of diverse hybrid terpenoid natural products, and their biosynthetic pathways are increasingly unveiled. This review mainly focuses on elucidating the various strategies underlying the biosynthesis and assembly logic of these compounds. These pathways combine terpenoid moieties with diverse building blocks including polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, amino acids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, saccharides, and adenine, resulting in the formation of plenty of hybrid terpenoid natural products via C-O, C-C, or C-N bond linkages. Subsequent tailoring steps, such as oxidation, cyclization, and rearrangement, further enhance the biological diversity and structural complexity of these hybrid terpenoid natural products. Understanding these biosynthetic mechanisms holds promise for the discovery of novel hybrid terpenoid natural products from fungi, which will promote the development of potential drug candidates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yin Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
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Li S, Liu X, Gu Q, Yu X. Isolation and Identification of Indole Alkaloids from Aspergillus amstelodami BSX001 and Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Neoechinulin A. Microorganisms 2024; 12:864. [PMID: 38792694 PMCID: PMC11123293 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the alkaloid secondary metabolites of Aspergillus amstelodami BSX001, a fungus isolated from Anhua dark tea, and to improve the extraction yield of the active ingredients by optimizing the extraction process. The structural characterization of the compounds was investigated using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of echinulin-related alkaloids was evaluated by determining the total reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The extraction process of the compound with optimum activity was optimized by a single-factor test and response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimized result was validated. Finally, a new alkaloid 8-hydroxyechinulin (1), and four known alkaloids, variecolorin G (2), echinulin (3), neoechinulin A (4), and eurocristatine (5), were isolated. Echinulin-related compounds 1, 3, and 4 possessed certain antioxidant activities, with IC50 values of 0.587 mg/mL, 1.628 mg/mL, and 0.219 mg/mL, respectively, against DPPH radicals. Their total reducing power at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL was 0.29 mmol/L, 0.17 mmol/L, and 4.25 mmol/L. The extraction process of neoechinulin A was optimized with the optimum extraction parameters of 72.76% methanol volume fraction, 25 mL/g solid-liquid ratio, and 50.8 °C soaking temperature. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of neoechinulin A was up to 1.500 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China;
| | - Qiuya Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
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Goher SS, Abdrabo WS, Veerakanellore GB, Elgendy B. 2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs): Promising Scaffolds for Anticancer Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:597-623. [PMID: 38343054 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128291798240201112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
2,5-Diketopiperazine (2,5-DKP) derivatives represent a family of secondary metabolites widely produced by bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and marine organisms. Many natural products with DKP scaffolds exhibited various pharmacological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor. 2,5-DKPs are recognized as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry, and compounds that incorporate the 2,5-DKP scaffold have been extensively investigated for their anticancer properties. This review is a thorough update on the anti-cancer activity of natural and synthesized 2,5-DKPs from 1997 to 2022. We have explored various aspects of 2,5-DKPs modifications and summarized their structure-activity relationships (SARs) to gain insight into their anticancer activities. We have also highlighted the novel approaches to enhance the specificity and pharmacokinetics of 2,5-DKP-based anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa S Goher
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Suez Desert Road, El Sherouk City, Cairo 1183, Egypt
| | - Wessam S Abdrabo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Giri Babu Veerakanellore
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Moghimi-Khorasgani A, Homayouni Moghadam F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Ferulic Acid reduces amyloid beta mediated neuroinflammation through modulation of Nurr1 expression in microglial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290249. [PMID: 37590236 PMCID: PMC10434858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells (MGCs) serve as the resident macrophages in the brain and spinal cord, acting as the first line of immune defense against pathological changes. With various phenotypes, they can shift from a homeostatic state to a reactive state or transit from a reactive to a non-inflammatory reactive state (alternative homeostatic). A well-timed transit is crucial in limiting excessive microglial reaction and promoting the healing process. Studies indicate that increased Nurr1 expression promotes anti-neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. In this study, we investigated the possible role of ferulic acid (FA) in facilitating microglia transition due to its anti-inflammatory and Nurr1-inducing effects. MGCs were extracted from the brains of male NMRI mice at postnatal day 2 (P2) and cultured with or without FA and beta-amyloid (Aβ). Real-time qRT-PCR was conducted to measure the expressions of Nurr1, IL-1β, and IL-10 genes. Immunostaining was performed to determine the number of NURR1-positive cells, and the ramification index (RI) of MGCs was calculated using Image J software. Treating MGCs with FA (50 μg/ml) induced Nurr1 and IL-10 expressions, while reducing the level of IL-1β in the absence of Aβ-stress. Further assessments on cells under Aβ-stress showed that FA treatment restored the IL-10 and Nurr1 levels, increased the RI of cells, and the number of NURR1-positive cells. Morphological assessments and measurements of the RI revealed that FA treatment reversed amoeboid and rod-like cells to a ramified state, which is specific morphology for non-inflammatory reactive microglia. To conclude, FA can provide potential alternative homeostatic transition in Aβ-reactive microglia by recruiting the NURR1 dependent anti-inflammatory responses. This makes it a promising therapeutic candidate for suppressing Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory responses in MGCs. Furthermore, given that FA has the ability to increase NURR1 levels in homeostatic microglia, it could be utilized as a preventative medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghimi-Khorasgani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshad Homayouni Moghadam
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Gravandi MM, Abdian S, Tahvilian M, Iranpanah A, Moradi SZ, Fakhri S, Echeverría J. Therapeutic targeting of Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway by natural products: A systematic and mechanistic approach for neurodegeneration. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154821. [PMID: 37119761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple dysregulated pathways are behind the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs); however, the crucial targets are still unknown. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation are the most dominant pathways that strongly influence neurodegeneration. In this way, targeting the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway appears to be a developing strategy for combating NDDs like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, aging, and other NDDs. Accordingly, plant secondary metabolites have shown promising potentials for the simultaneous modulation of the Ras/Raf/MAPKs pathway and play an essential role in NDDs. MAPKs include p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are important molecular players in neurodegeneration. Ras/Raf, which is located the upstream of MAPK pathway influences the initiation and progression of neurodegeneration and is regulated by natural products. PURPOSE Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective roles of plant- and marine-derived secondary metabolites against several NDDs through the modulation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic and comprehensive review was performed to highlight the modulatory roles of natural products on the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway in NDDs, according to the PRISMA guideline, using scholarly electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. Associated reference lists were also searched for the literature review. RESULTS From a total of 1495 results, finally 107 articles were included in the present study. The results show that several natural compounds such as alkaloid, phenolic, terpenoids, and nanoformulation were shown to have modulatory effects on the Ras/Raf/MAPKs pathway. CONCLUSION Natural products are promising multi-targeted agents with on NDDs through Ras/Raf/MAPKs pathway. Nevertheless, additional and complementary studies are necessary to check its efficacy and potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadaf Abdian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maedeh Tahvilian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.
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Braun DJ, Frazier HN, Davis VA, Coleman MJ, Rogers CB, Van Eldik LJ. Early chronic suppression of microglial p38α in a model of Alzheimer's disease does not significantly alter amyloid-associated neuropathology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286495. [PMID: 37256881 PMCID: PMC10231773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α) is linked to both innate and adaptive immune responses and is under investigation as a target for drug development in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other conditions with neuroinflammatory dysfunction. While preclinical data has shown that p38α inhibition can protect against AD-associated neuropathology, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Inhibitors of p38α may provide benefit via modulation of microglial-associated neuroinflammatory responses that contribute to AD pathology. The present study tests this hypothesis by knocking out microglial p38α and assessing early-stage pathological changes. Conditional knockout of microglial p38α was accomplished in 5-month-old C57BL/6J wild-type and amyloidogenic AD model (APPswe/PS1dE9) mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP system under control of the Cx3cr1 promoter. Beginning at 7.5 months of age, animals underwent behavioral assessment on the open field, followed by a later radial arm water maze test and collection of cortical and hippocampal tissues at 11 months. Additional endpoint measures included quantification of proinflammatory cytokines, assessment of amyloid burden and plaque deposition, and characterization of microglia-plaque dynamics. Loss of microglial p38α did not alter behavioral outcomes, proinflammatory cytokine levels, or overall amyloid plaque burden. However, this manipulation did significantly increase hippocampal levels of soluble Aβ42 and reduce colocalization of Iba1 and 6E10 in a subset of microglia in close proximity to plaques. The data presented here suggest that rather than reducing inflammation per se, the net effect of microglial p38α inhibition in the context of early AD-type amyloid pathology is a subtle alteration of microglia-plaque interactions. Encouragingly from a therapeutic standpoint, these data suggest no detrimental effect of even substantial decreases in microglial p38α in this context. Additionally, these results support future investigations of microglial p38α signaling at different stages of disease, as well as its relationship to phagocytic processes in this particular cell-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Braun
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Hilaree N. Frazier
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Verda A. Davis
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Meggie J. Coleman
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Colin B. Rogers
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Anwar MM, Fathi MH. Early approaches of YKL-40 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2023; 13:85-99. [PMID: 36644988 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether the estimation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain YKL-40 levels may be used as an efficient biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was injected into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Rats were divided into: control group, early LPS-induced PD group (14 days), and advanced LPS-induced PD group (28 days). YKL-40 and other related factors were detected in CSF and brain tissue. Results: Increased expression of YKL-40 was observed in brain tissue and CSF of PD-induced rats associated with triggered inflammatory cytokine release. Conclusion: The current study was limited to detecting YKL-40 and other inflammatory factors in brain and CSF. YKL-40 may be considered as an early biomarker and therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Fathi
- Department of Nucleic Acid & Protein structure, Center of Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Cairo, Egypt
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He Z, Liu D, Liu Y, Li X, Shi W, Ma H. Golgi-Targeted Fluorescent Probe for Imaging NO in Alzheimer's Disease. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10256-10262. [PMID: 35815650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial neurotransmitter participating in many biological processes via nitrosylation reaction. NO produced in diverse subcellular regions also regulates the function of cells in different manners. A Golgi apparatus is rich in nitric oxide synthase and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, due to the lack of an effective tool, it is difficult to reveal the relationship between Golgi-NO and AD. Herein, we report Golgi-NO as the first Golgi-targeted fluorescent probe for sensing and imaging NO in the Golgi apparatus. The probe is designed and synthesized by incorporating 4-sulfamoylphenylamide as a Golgi-targeted moiety to 6-carboxyrhodamine B, generating a fluorophore of Golgi-RhB with modifiable carboxyl, which is then combined with the NO recognition moiety of o-diaminobenzene. The probe shows superior analytical performance including accurate Golgi-targeted ability and high selectivity for NO. Moreover, using the probe, we disclose a significant increase of NO in Golgi apparatus in the AD model. This study provides a competent tool for studying the function and nitrosylation of NO in the Golgi apparatus in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Diankai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li J, Zhuang CL. Natural Indole Alkaloids from Marine Fungi: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The indole scaffold is one of the most important heterocyclic ring systems for pharmaceutical development, and serves as an active moiety in several clinical drugs. Fungi derived from marine origin are more liable to produce novel indole-containing natural products due to their extreme living environments. The indole alkaloids from marine fungi have drawn considerable attention for their unique chemical structures and significant biological activities. This review attempts to provide a summary of the structural diversity of marine fungal indole alkaloids including prenylated indoles, diketopiperazine indoles, bisindoles or trisindoles, quinazoline-containing indoles, indole-diterpenoids, and other indoles, as well as their known biological activities, mainly focusing on cytotoxic, kinase inhibitory, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-insecticidal, and brine shrimp lethal effects. A total of 306 indole alkaloids from marine fungi have been summarized, covering the references published from 1995 to early 2021, expecting to be beneficial for drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhuang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Mitra S, Anand U, Sanyal R, Jha NK, Behl T, Mundhra A, Ghosh A, Radha, Kumar M, Proćków J, Dey A. Neoechinulins: Molecular, cellular, and functional attributes as promising therapeutics against cancer and other human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112378. [PMID: 34741824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoechinulins are fungal and plant-derived chemicals extracted from Microsporum sp., Eurotium rubrum, Aspergillus sp., etc. Two analogues of neoechinulin, i.e., A and B, exerted extensive pharmacological properties described in this review. Neoechinulin is an indole alkaloid and has a double bond between C8/C9, which tends to contribute to its cytoprotective nature. Neoechinulin A exhibits protection to PC12 cells against nitrosative stress via increasing NAD(P)H reserve capacity and decreasing cellular GSH levels. It also confers protection via rescuing PC12 cells from rotenone-induced stress by lowering LDH leakage. This compound has great positive potential against neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting SIN-1 induced cell death in neuronal cells. Together with these, neoechinulin A tends to inhibit Aβ42-induced microglial activation and confers protection against neuroinflammation. Alongside, it also inhibits cervical cancer cells by caspase-dependent apoptosis and via upregulation of apoptosis inducing genes like Bax, it suppresses LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages and acts as an antidepressant. Whereas, another analogue, Neoechinulin B tends to interfere with the cellular mechanism thereby, inhibiting the entry of influenza A virus and it targets Liver X receptor (LXR) and decreases the infection rate of Hepatitis C. The present review describes the pharmaceutical properties of neoechinulins with notes on their molecular, cellular, and functional basis and their therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicon Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rupa Sanyal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Feeder Road, Belghoria, Kolkata 700056, West Bengal, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Avinash Mundhra
- Department of Botany, Rishi Bankim Chandra College (Affiliated to the West Bengal State University), East Kantalpara, North 24 Parganas, Naihati 743165, West Bengal, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Bahukhandi A, Dhyani P, Sati P, Capanoglu E, Docea AO, Al-Harrasi A, Dey A, Calina D. Therapeutic Potential of Neoechinulins and Their Derivatives: An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Behind Pharmacological Activities. Front Nutr 2021; 8:664197. [PMID: 34336908 PMCID: PMC8322439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.664197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoechinulins are diketopiperazine type indole alkaloids that demonstrate radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-neurodegenerative, neurotrophic factor-like, anticancer, pro-apoptotic, and anti-apoptotic properties. An array of neoechinulins such as neoechinulins A-E, isoechinulins A-C, cryptoechunilin have been isolated from various fungal sources like Aspergillus sp., Xylaria euglossa, Eurotium cristatum, Microsporum sp., etc. Besides, neoechinulin derivatives or stereoisomers were also obtained from diverse non-fungal sources viz. Tinospora sagittata, Opuntia dillenii, Cyrtomium fortunei, Cannabis sativa, and so on. The main purpose of this review is to provide update information on neoechinulins and their analogues about the molecular mechanisms of the pharmacological action and possible future research. The recent data from this review can be used to create a basis for the discovery of new neoechinulin-based drugs and their analogues in the near future. The online databases PubMed, Science and Google scholar were researched for the selection and collection of data from the available literature on neoechinulins, their natural sources and their pharmacological properties. The published books on this topic were also analysed. In vitro and in vivo assays have established the potential of neoechinulin A as a promising anticancer and anti-neuroinflammatory lead molecule. Neoechinulin B was also identified as a potential antiviral drug against hepatitis C virus. Toxicological and clinical trials are needed in the future to improve the phyto-pharmacological profile of neoquinolines. From the analysis of the literature, we found that neoechinulins and their derivatives have special biological potential. Although some modern pharmacological analyzes have highlighted the molecular mechanisms of action and some signalling pathways, the correlation between these phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities must be validated in the future by preclinical toxicological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amit Bahukhandi
- G.B Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Priyanka Sati
- Department of Biotechnology Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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14
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Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim JH, Lee S, Cho EJ. Amelioration effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii extract/fractions on amyloid beta 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and identification of the main bioactive compound. Food Funct 2021; 11:9651-9661. [PMID: 33211040 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01041c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a neurotoxic peptide, and the accumulation of Aβ in the brain is the major characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the beneficial effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) on brain health has attracted much attention. In the present study, we investigated the ability and protective mechanisms of CJM to attenuate neuronal toxicity caused by Aβ using SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ25-35 treatment decreased cell viability, whereas CJM extract/fractions increased cell viability in Aβ25-35-treated cells. We found that CJM treatment prevented the accumulation of reactive oxygen species observed in Aβ25-35-treated control cells. Furthermore, Aβ25-35-mediated production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β was significantly suppressed by CJM. In addition, apoptotic factors were modulated in CJM-treated cells by downregulating B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein and upregulating B-cell lymphoma-2 protein expression. The assays showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of CJM has greater neuroprotective bioactivities compared with the other extract/fractions. The main neuroprotective active compound from the EtOAc fraction of CJM was identified as pectolinarin using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Collectively, this study not only describes the neuroprotective effect of CJM against Aβ25-35via the regulation of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic signaling pathways, but also provides useful information for future studies on the mechanism of novel medicinal sources based on pectolinarin isolated from CJM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Calado MDL, Silva J, Alves C, Susano P, Santos D, Alves J, Martins A, Gaspar H, Pedrosa R, Campos MJ. Marine endophytic fungi associated with Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau as producers of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential dermocosmetic application. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250954. [PMID: 33983974 PMCID: PMC8118457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi and, particularly, endophytic species have been recognised as one of the most prolific sources of structurally new and diverse bioactive secondary metabolites with multiple biotechnological applications. Despite the increasing number of bioprospecting studies, very few have already evaluated the cosmeceutical potential of marine fungal compounds. Thus, this study focused on a frequent seaweed in the Portuguese coast, Halopteris scoparia, to identify the endophytic marine fungi associated with this host, and assess their ability to biosynthesise secondary metabolites with antioxidative, enzymatic inhibitory (hyaluronidase, collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase), anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, and antimicrobial (Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia furfur) activities. The results revealed eight fungal taxa included in the Ascomycota, and in the most representative taxonomic classes in marine ecosystems (Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes). These fungi were reported for the first time in Portugal and in association with H. scoparia, as far as it is known. The screening analyses showed that most of these endophytic fungi were producers of compounds with relevant biological activities, though those biosynthesised by Penicillium sect. Exilicaulis and Aspergillus chevalieri proved to be the most promising ones for being further exploited by dermocosmetic industry. The chemical analysis of the crude extract from an isolate of A. chevalieri revealed the presence of two bioactive compounds, echinulin and neoechinulin A, which might explain the high antioxidant and UV photoprotective capacities exhibited by the extract. These noteworthy results emphasised the importance of screening the secondary metabolites produced by these marine endophytic fungal strains for other potential bioactivities, and the relevance of investing more efforts in understanding the ecology of halo/osmotolerant fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Luz Calado
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Susano
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Débora Santos
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Alves
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Jorge Campos
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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PC12 and THP-1 Cell Lines as Neuronal and Microglia Model in Neurobiological Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11093729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Models based on cell cultures have become a useful tool in modern scientific research. Since primary cell lines are difficult to obtain and handle, neoplasm-derived lines like PC12 and THP-1 offer a cheap and flexible solution for neurobiological studies but require prior differentiation to serve as a neuronal or microglia model. PC12 cells constitute a suitable research model only after differentiation by incubation with nerve growth factor (NGF) and THP-1 cells after administering a differentiation factor such as phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Still, quite often, studies are performed on these cancer cells without differentiation. The study aimed to assess the impact of PC12 or THP-1 cell differentiation on sensitivity to harmful factors such as Aβ25-35 (0.001–5 µM) (considered as one of the major detrimental factors in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease) or lipopolysaccharide (1–100 µM) (LPS; a pro-inflammatory factor of bacterial origin). Results showed that in most of the tests performed, the response of PC12 and THP-1 cells induced to differentiation varied significantly from the effect in undifferentiated cells. In general, differentiated cells showed greater sensitivity to harmful factors in terms of metabolic activity and DNA damage, while in the case of the free radicals, the results were heterogeneous. Obtained data emphasize the importance of proper differentiation of cell lines of neoplastic origin in neurobiological research and standardization of cell culture handling protocols to ensure reliable results.
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17
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Welcome MO, Mastorakis NE. The taste of neuroinflammation: Molecular mechanisms linking taste sensing to neuroinflammatory responses. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105557. [PMID: 33737243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates a critical role of neuroinflammatory response as an underlying pathophysiological process in several central nervous system disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger neuroinflammatory processes are not fully known. The discovery of bitter taste receptors in regions other than the oral cavity substantially increased research interests on their functional roles in extra-oral tissues. It is now widely accepted that bitter taste receptors, for instance, in the respiratory, intestinal, reproductive and urinary tracts, are crucial not only for sensing poisonous substances, but also, act as immune sentinels, mobilizing defense mechanisms against pathogenic aggression. The relatively recent discovery of bitter taste receptors in the brain has intensified research investigation on the functional implication of cerebral bitter taste receptor expression. Very recent data suggest that responses of bitter taste receptors to neurotoxins and microbial molecules, under normal condition, are necessary to prevent neuroinflammatory reactions. Furthermore, emerging data have revealed that downregulation of key components of the taste receptor signaling cascade leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammasome signaling in neurons that ultimately culminate in neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that link taste receptor mediated surveillance of the extracellular milieu to neuroinflammatory responses are not completely understood. This review integrates new data on the molecular mechanisms that link bitter taste receptor sensing to neuroinflammatory responses. The role of bitter taste receptor-mediated sensing of toxigenic substances in brain disorders is also discussed. The therapeutic significance of targeting these receptors for potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
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18
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Rathnayake AU, Abuine R, Kim YJ, Byun HG. Anti-Alzheimer's Materials Isolated from Marine Bio-resources: A Review. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:895-906. [PMID: 31647396 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191024144044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most common type of dementia found in the elderly population is Alzheimer's disease. The disease not only impacts the patients and their families but also the society therefore, the main focus of researchers is to search new bioactive materials for treating AD. The marine environment is a rich source of functional ingredients and to date, we can find sufficient research relating to anti- Alzheimer's compounds isolated from marine environment. Therefore, this review focuses on the anti- Alzheimer's material from marine bio-resources and then expounds on the anti-Alzheimer's compounds from marine seaweed, marine animal and marine microorganisms. Moreover, because of the complexity of the disease, different hypothesizes have been elaborated and active compounds have been isolated to inhibit different stages of pathophysiological mechanisms. Sulfated polysaccharides, glycoprotein, and enzymatic hydrolysates from marine seaweeds, peptides, dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and skeletal polysaccharide from marine animals and secondary metabolites from marine microorganism are summarized in this review under the anti-Alzheimer's compounds from the marine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Racheal Abuine
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Hee-Guk Byun
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
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19
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Neuroinflammation in CNS diseases: Molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of plant derived bioactive molecules. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Frost GR, Jonas LA, Li YM. Friend, Foe or Both? Immune Activity in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:337. [PMID: 31920620 PMCID: PMC6916654 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), neuronal death and synaptic loss, and inflammation in the brain. AD research has, in large part, been dedicated to the understanding of Aβ and NFT deposition as well as to the pharmacological reduction of these hallmarks. However, recent GWAS data indicates neuroinflammation plays a critical role in AD development, thereby redirecting research efforts toward unveiling the complexities of AD-associated neuroinflammation. It is clear that the innate immune system is intimately associated with AD progression, however, the specific roles of glia and neuroinflammation in AD pathology remain to be described. Moreover, inflammatory processes have largely been painted as detrimental to AD pathology, when in fact, many immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis aid in the reduction of AD pathologies. In this review, we aim to outline the delicate balance between the beneficial and detrimental aspects of immune activation in AD as a more thorough understanding of these processes is critical to development of effective therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia R. Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States
| | - Lauren A. Jonas
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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21
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Li Y, Zeng Y, Meng T, Gao X, Huang B, He D, Ran X, Du J, Zhang Y, Fu S, Hu G. Farrerol protects dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced Parkinson's disease by suppressing the activation of the AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105739. [PMID: 31351366 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, characterized by the activation of microglia, is one of the major pathologic processes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Overactivated microglia can release many pro-inflammatory cytokines, which cause an excessive inflammatory response and eventually damage dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, the inhibition of neuroinflammation that results from the overactivation of microglia may be an method for the treatment of PD. Farrerol is a 2,3-dihydro-flavonoid obtained from Rhododendron, and it possesses various biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. However, the effect of farrerol on neuroinflammation has not been investigated. The present study uncovered a neuroprotective role for farrerol. In vitro, farrerol markedly decreased the production of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BV-2 cells. This anti-inflammatory effect was regulated via inhibiting NF-κB p65 and AKT phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that farrerol alleviated microglial activation and dopaminergic neuronal death in rats with LPS-induced PD. Pretreatment with farrerol markedly improved motor deficits in rats with LPS-induced PD. Taken together, our results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of the farrerol, which prevents microglial overactivation in rats with LPS-induced PD, may provide a potential therapy for patients suffering from PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yalong Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tianyu Meng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xiyu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Bingxu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Dewei He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xin Ran
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jian Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yufei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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22
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Oceans as a Source of Immunotherapy. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050282. [PMID: 31083446 PMCID: PMC6562586 DOI: 10.3390/md17050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine flora is taxonomically diverse, biologically active, and chemically unique. It is an excellent resource, which offers great opportunities for the discovery of new biopharmaceuticals such as immunomodulators and drugs targeting cancerous, inflammatory, microbial, and fungal diseases. The ability of some marine molecules to mediate specific inhibitory activities has been demonstrated in a range of cellular processes, including apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell migration and adhesion. Immunomodulators have been shown to have significant therapeutic effects on immune-mediated diseases, but the search for safe and effective immunotherapies for other diseases such as sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and allergies is ongoing. This review focuses on the marine-originated bioactive molecules with immunomodulatory potential, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms of specific agents with respect to their targets. It also addresses the commercial utilization of these compounds for possible drug improvement using metabolic engineering and genomics.
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23
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Feng H, Wang C, He W, Wu X, Li S, Zeng Z, Wei M, He B. Roflumilast ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:583-591. [PMID: 30610438 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors can prevent the breakdown of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and improve cognitive performances in several animal models of cognition. However, the clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors has been seriously hampered by severe side effects, such as vomiting and nausea. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of roflumilast, an FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitor for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), on learning and memory abilities in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP/PS1 transgenic mice received 3 intragastric doses of roflumilast (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) daily for 3 weeks followed by behavioral tests. Chronic administration of roflumilast significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in the novel object recognition task, Morris water maze, and the step-down passive avoidance task. In addition, roflumilast increased the cAMP, phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-a and IL-1β) levels in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that roflumilast can enhance cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which may be related to its stimulation of the cAMP/CREB/BDNF pathway and anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huancun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Canmao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjun Wu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Shujie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenkun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Meidan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Spampinato SF, Copani A, Nicoletti F, Sortino MA, Caraci F. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Glial Cells: A New Potential Target for Neuroprotection? Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:414. [PMID: 30483053 PMCID: PMC6243036 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation that finally lead to slow neuronal degeneration and death. Although neurons are the principal target, glial cells are important players as they contribute by either exacerbating or dampening the events that lead to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. A dysfunction of the glutamatergic system is a common event in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors belong to a large family of G protein-coupled receptors largely expressed in neurons as well as in glial cells. They often appear overexpressed in areas involved in neurodegeneration, where they can modulate glutamatergic transmission. Of note, mGlu receptor upregulation may involve microglia or, even more frequently, astrocytes, where their activation causes release of factors potentially able to influence neuronal death. The expression of mGlu receptors has been also reported on oligodendrocytes, a glial cell type specifically involved in the development of multiple sclerosis. Here we will provide a general overview on the possible involvement of mGlu receptors expressed on glial cells in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative disorders and the potential use of subtype-selective mGlu receptor ligands as candidate drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of mGlu5 receptors might represent a relevant pharmacological tool to develop new neuroprotective strategies in these diseases. Recent evidence suggests that targeting astrocytes and microglia with positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of mGlu3 receptor or oligodendrocytes with mGlu4 PAMS might represent novel pharmacological approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuromed, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Troina, Italy
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25
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Huang B, Liu J, Meng T, Li Y, He D, Ran X, Chen G, Guo W, Kan X, Fu S, Wang W, Liu D. Polydatin Prevents Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Parkinson's Disease via Regulation of the AKT/GSK3β-Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Axis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2527. [PMID: 30455692 PMCID: PMC6230593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Neuroinflammation induced by over-activation of microglia leads to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, downregulation of microglial activation may aid in the treatment of PD. Polydatin (PLD) has been reported to pass through the blood-brain barrier and protect against motor degeneration in the SN. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PLD in the treatment of PD remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether PLD protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration by inhibiting the activation of microglia in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD. Our findings indicated that PLD treatment protected dopaminergic neurons and ameliorated motor dysfunction by inhibiting microglial activation and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, PLD treatment significantly increased levels of p-AKT, p-GSK-3βSer9, and Nrf2, and suppressed the activation of NF-κB in the SN of rats with LPS-induced PD. To further explore the neuroprotective mechanism of PLD, we investigated the effect of PLD on activated microglial BV-2 cells. Our findings indicated that PLD inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the activation of NF-κB pathways in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Moreover, our results indicated that PLD enhanced levels of p-AKT, p-GSK-3βSer9, and Nrf2 in BV-2 cells. After BV-2 cells were pretreated with MK2206 (an inhibitor of AKT), NP-12 (an inhibitor of GSK-3β), or Brusatol (BT; an inhibitor of Nrf2), treatment with PLD suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling pathways and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in activated BV-2 cells via activation of the AKT/GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling axis. Taken together, our results are the first to demonstrate that PLD prevents dopaminergic neurodegeneration due to microglial activation via regulation of the AKT/GSK3β-Nrf2/NF-κB signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxu Huang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyu Meng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dewei He
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Ran
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingchi Kan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kamisuki S, Himeno N, Tsurukawa Y, Kusayanagi T, Takeno M, Kamakura T, Kuramochi K, Sugawara F. Identification of proteins that bind to the neuroprotective agent neoechinulin A. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:442-448. [PMID: 29447077 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1433018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neoechinulin A is an indole alkaloid with several biological activities. We previously reported that this compound protects neuronal PC12 cells from cytotoxicity induced by the peroxynitrite generator 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), but the target proteins and precise mechanism of action of neoechinulin A were unclear. Here, we employed a phage display screen to identify proteins that bind directly with neoechinulin A. Our findings identified two proteins, chromogranin B and glutaredoxin 3, as candidate target binding partners for the alkaloid. QCM analyses revealed that neoechinulin A displays high affinity for both chromogranin B and glutaredoxin 3. RNA interference-mediated depletion of chromogranin B decreased the sensitivity of PC12 cells against SIN-1. Our results suggested chromogranin B is a plausible target of neoechinulin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kamisuki
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , Azabu University , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Natsumi Himeno
- b Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yukine Tsurukawa
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , Azabu University , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Tomoe Kusayanagi
- b Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeno
- b Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- b Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- b Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- b Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
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Frost GR, Li YM. The role of astrocytes in amyloid production and Alzheimer's disease. Open Biol 2017; 7:170228. [PMID: 29237809 PMCID: PMC5746550 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the presence of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and gliosis, activated glial cells, in the brain. It is thought that Aβ plaques trigger NFT formation, neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation and gliosis and, ultimately, cognitive impairment. There are increased numbers of reactive astrocytes in AD, which surround amyloid plaques and secrete proinflammatory factors and can phagocytize and break down Aβ. It was thought that neuronal cells were the major source of Aβ. However, mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes may play an additional role in AD by secreting significant quantities of Aβ and contributing to overall amyloid burden in the brain. Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the brain, and therefore even minor quantities of amyloid secretion from individual astrocytes could prove to be substantial when taken across the whole brain. Reactive astrocytes have increased levels of the three necessary components for Aβ production: amyloid precursor protein, β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase. The identification of environmental factors, such as neuroinflammation, that promote astrocytic Aβ production, could redefine how we think about developing therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia R Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Programs of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Programs of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Yao P, Zhuo S, Mei H, Chen X, Li N, Zhu T, Chen S, Wang J, Hou R, Le Y. Androgen alleviates neurotoxicity of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) by promoting microglial clearance of Aβ and inhibiting microglial inflammatory response to Aβ. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:855-865. [PMID: 28941188 PMCID: PMC6492702 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Lower androgen level in elderly men is a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported that androgen reduces amyloid peptides (Aβ) production and increases Aβ degradation by neurons. Activated microglia are involved in AD by either clearing Aβ deposits through uptake of Aβ or releasing cytotoxic substances and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we investigated the effect of androgen on Aβ uptake and clearance and Aβ-induced inflammatory response in microglia, on neuronal death induced by Aβ-activated microglia, and explored underlying mechanisms. METHODS Intracellular and extracellular Aβ were examined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Amyloid peptides (Aβ) receptors, Aβ degrading enzymes, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and ELISA. Phosphorylation of MAP kinases and NF-κB was examined by Western blot. RESULTS We found that physiological concentrations of androgen enhanced Aβ42 uptake and clearance, suppressed Aβ42 -induced IL-1β and TNFα expression by murine microglia cell line N9 and primary microglia, and alleviated neuronal death induced by Aβ42 -activated microglia. Androgen administration also reduced Aβ42 -induced IL-1β expression and neuronal death in murine hippocampus. Mechanistic studies revealed that androgen promoted microglia to phagocytose and degrade Aβ42 through upregulating formyl peptide receptor 2 and endothelin-converting enzyme 1c expression, and inhibited Aβ42 -induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression via suppressing MAPK p38 and NF-κB activation by Aβ42 , in an androgen receptor independent manner. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that androgen promotes microglia to phagocytose and clear Aβ42 and inhibits Aβ42 -induced inflammatory response, which may play an important role in reducing the neurotoxicity of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Le Yao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute for Nutritional SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Shu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute for Nutritional SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Mei
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute for Nutritional SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute for Nutritional SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute for Nutritional SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Teng‐Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute for Nutritional SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Shi‐Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute for Nutritional SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Ji‐Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation ProgramCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMDUSA
| | - Rui‐Xing Hou
- Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ying‐Ying Le
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute for Nutritional SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Wohlgemuth V, Kindinger F, Xie X, Wang BG, Li SM. Two Prenyltransferases Govern a Consecutive Prenylation Cascade in the Biosynthesis of Echinulin and Neoechinulin. Org Lett 2017; 19:5928-5931. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Wohlgemuth
- Institut
für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kindinger
- Institut
für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology of the CAS, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut
für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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30
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Licochalcone A Prevents the Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons by Inhibiting Microglial Activation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102043. [PMID: 28937602 PMCID: PMC5666725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of Licochalcone A (Lico.A), a flavonoid isolated from the herb licorice, in Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been elucidated. The prominent pathological feature of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons. The crucial role of neuroinflammation induced by activated microglia in dopaminergic neurodegeneration has been validated. In this study, we explore the therapeutic effects of Lico.A in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD models in vivo and in vitro. We find that Lico.A significantly inhibits LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory mediators and microglial activation by blocking the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 in BV-2 cells. In addition, through cultured primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cell experiments, we illustrate that Lico.A attenuates the decrease in [³H] dopamine (DA) uptake and the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons in LPS-induced PD models in vitro. Furthermore, LPS intoxication in rats results in microglial activation, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and significant behavioral deficits in vivo. Lico.A treatment prevents microglial activation and reduction of dopaminergic neuron and ameliorates PD-like behavioral impairments. Thus, these results demonstrate for the first time that the neuroprotective effects of Lico.A are associated with microglia and anti-inflammatory effects in PD models.
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31
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Zhao Y, Forst CV, Sayegh CE, Wang IM, Yang X, Zhang B. Molecular and genetic inflammation networks in major human diseases. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2318-41. [PMID: 27303926 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00240d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been well-recognized that inflammation alongside tissue repair and damage maintaining tissue homeostasis determines the initiation and progression of complex diseases. Albeit with the accomplishment of having captured the most critical inflammation-involved molecules, genetic susceptibilities, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors, our schemata on the role of inflammation in complex diseases remain largely patchy, in part due to the success of reductionism in terms of research methodology per se. Omics data alongside the advances in data integration technologies have enabled reconstruction of molecular and genetic inflammation networks which shed light on the underlying pathophysiology of complex diseases or clinical conditions. Given the proven beneficial role of anti-inflammation in coronary heart disease as well as other complex diseases and immunotherapy as a revolutionary transition in oncology, it becomes timely to review our current understanding of the molecular and genetic inflammation networks underlying major human diseases. In this review, we first briefly discuss the complexity of infectious diseases and then highlight recently uncovered molecular and genetic inflammation networks in other major human diseases including obesity, type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, late onset Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and sporadic cancer. The commonality and specificity of these molecular networks are addressed in the context of genetics based on genome-wide association study (GWAS). The double-sword role of inflammation, such as how the aberrant type 1 and/or type 2 immunity leads to chronic and severe clinical conditions, remains open in terms of the inflammasome and the core inflammatome network features. Increasingly available large Omics and clinical data in tandem with systems biology approaches have offered an exciting yet challenging opportunity toward reconstruction of more comprehensive and dynamic molecular and genetic inflammation networks, which hold great promise in transiting network snapshots to video-style multi-scale interplays of disease mechanisms, in turn leading to effective clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA. and Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christian V Forst
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA. and Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA
| | - Camil E Sayegh
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated, 275 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4A7, Canada
| | - I-Ming Wang
- Informatics and Analysis, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA. and Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA
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32
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Sasaki-Hamada S, Hoshi M, Niwa Y, Ueda Y, Kokaji A, Kamisuki S, Kuramochi K, Sugawara F, Oka JI. Neoechinulin A induced memory improvements and antidepressant-like effects in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:155-61. [PMID: 27495355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neoechinulin A is an isoprenyl indole alkaloid that exhibits scavenging, neurotrophic factor-like, and anti-apoptotic activities. However, the effectiveness of neoechinulin A in animal models of disease has not yet been explored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of neoechinulin A on memory impairment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice and its antidepressant-like effects in mice. In the Y-maze test, the intracerebroventicular (i.c.v.) administration of LPS (10μg/mouse) significantly decreased spontaneous alternation behavior, which was prevented by the prior administration of neoechinulin A (300ng/mouse, i.c.v.). None of the treatments altered the locomotor activity of mice. Moreover, the administration of neoechinulin A decreased the immobility time in the forced-swim test or tail suspension test, which was prevented by the prior administration of WAY100635 (an antagonist of 5-HT1A receptors) and parachlorophenylalanine (an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase). These results suggest that neoechinulin A improves memory functions in LPS-treated mice, and also exerts antidepressant-like effects through changes in the 5-HT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Sasaki-Hamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Maho Hoshi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Niwa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yudai Ueda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Aya Kokaji
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Oka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Youn K, Lee S, Jeong WS, Ho CT, Jun M. Protective Role of Corilagin on Aβ 25-35-Induced Neurotoxicity: Suppression of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Med Food 2016; 19:901-911. [PMID: 27654707 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation and deposition of beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ), a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, has been recognized as a potent activator of neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction. In this study, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotective effects of corilagin against Aβ25-35-triggered neurotoxicity and inflammatory responses were investigated in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with corilagin effectively protected PC12 cells against Aβ25-35-induced damage and apoptosis. Aβ25-35 induced damage in PC12 cells as revealed by increased production of reactive oxygen species, caspase-3 activity, and cell cycle arrest was attenuated by corilagin pretreatment. Corilagin not only significantly suppressed the production of neurotoxic inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 but also downregulated cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in PC12 cells. It also exerted a beneficial effect by suppressing the degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB)-α and subsequent activation of transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mostly through inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity in comparison to c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAP kinase (p38) mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. These findings suggest that attenuation of Aβ25-35-induced inflammatory responses by downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway might be a valuable strategy for both Alzheimer's disease prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumju Youn
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University , Busan, Korea
| | - Seonah Lee
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University , Busan, Korea
| | - Woo-Sik Jeong
- 2 Department of Food and Life Science, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University , Gimhae, Korea
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- 3 Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mira Jun
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University , Busan, Korea.,4 Institute of Convergence Bio-Health (ICBH), Dong-A University , Busan, Korea
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Vitamin D2 suppresses amyloid-β 25-35 induced microglial activation in BV2 cells by blocking the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. Life Sci 2016; 161:37-44. [PMID: 27477351 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Present emerging world is emphasizing the implication of vitamin D deficiency associated with development of inflammation and neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The chief neuropathological hallmark of AD is aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides surrounding microglial cells in human brain. Microglial activation plays a key role in inflammatory response and neuronal injury. Naturally abundant vitamin D2 (VD2) exhibiting anti-inflammatory activities are yet to explore more. This study has investigated the inhibitory effect of VD2 on inflammatory activities of BV2 microglial cells. MAIN METHODS Cellular compatibility of VD2 and Aβ25-35 protein in treated BV2 microglial cells were measured by CCK-8 assay. Induction of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling cascade were measured by western blotting, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. In addition, generation of ROS was detected by fluorescence intensity. KEY FINDINGS Morphological observations showed that Aβ25-35 induced BV2 cells stimulation noticeably got reduced in VD2 pre-treated group at 24h time period. Anti-inflammatory activities of VD2 was observed demonstrating the inhibition of up-regulated iNOS and COX-2 protein expression further confirmed by attenuating the activated microglia released pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α and ROS, while blocking the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in nucleus by preventing IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation in cytosol. SIGNIFICANCE The present study revealed that VD2 blocked the phosphorylation of NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in Aβ25-35 induced activated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing ROS generation and inflammatory cytokines. Our finding suggests that vitamin D2 has therapeutic potential against inflammation and Alzheimer's disease.
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35
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Marine natural products with anti-inflammatory activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1645-1666. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Kumar A, Dhull DK, Mishra PS. Therapeutic potential of mGluR5 targeting in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:215. [PMID: 26106290 PMCID: PMC4460345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research dedicated toward Alzheimer's disease (AD) has culminated in much of the current understanding of the neurodegeneration associated with disease. However, delineating the pathophysiology and finding a possible cure for the disease is still wanting. This is in part due to the lack of knowledge pertaining to the connecting link between neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathways. Consequently, the inefficacy and ill-effects of the drugs currently available for AD encourage the need for alternative and safe therapeutic intervention. In this review we highlight the potential of mGluR5, a metabotropic glutamatergic receptor, in understanding the mechanism underlying the neuronal death and neuroinflammation in AD. We also discuss the role of mGlu5 receptor in mediating the neuron-glia interaction in the disease. Finally, we discuss the potential of mGluR5 as target for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Dinesh K Dhull
- UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Pooja S Mishra
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bangalore, India
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Wang ZX, Tan L, Liu J, Yu JT. The Essential Role of Soluble Aβ Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1905-1924. [PMID: 25833098 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). With the finding that soluble nonfibrillar Aβ levels actually correlate strongly with the severity of the disease, the initial focus on amyloid plaques shifted to the contemporary concept that AD memory failure is caused by soluble Aβ oligomers. The soluble Aβ are known to be more neurotoxicthan fibrillar Aβ species. In this paper, we summarize the essential role of soluble Aβ oligomers in AD and discuss therapeutic strategies that target soluble Aβ oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Natural products from marine organisms with neuroprotective activity in the experimental models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and ischemic brain stroke: their molecular targets and action mechanisms. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:139-70. [PMID: 25348867 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Continuous increases in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and brain stroke demand the urgent development of therapeutics. Marine organisms are well-known producers of natural products with diverse structures and pharmacological activities. Therefore, researchers have endeavored to identify marine natural products with neuroprotective effects. In this regard, this review summarizes therapeutic targets for AD, PD, and ischemic brain stroke and marine natural products with pharmacological activities on the targets according to taxonomies of marine organisms. Furthermore, several marine natural products on the clinical trials for the treatment of neurological disorders are discussed.
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Dewapriya P, Li YX, Himaya S, Kim SK. Isolation and characterization of marine-derived Mucor sp. for the fermentative production of tyrosol. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-activated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4-mediated TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:642-56. [PMID: 24467851 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been shown to possess significant neuroprotective activity. Since microglia-mediated inflammation is critical for induction of neurodegeneration, this study was designed to investigate the effect of PF11 on activated microglia. PF11 significantly suppressed the release of ROS and proinflammatory mediators induced by LPS in a microglial cell line N9 including NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, PF11 inhibited interaction and expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in LPS-activated N9 cells, resulting in an inhibition of the TAK1/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway. PF11 also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs induced by LPS in N9 cells. Importantly, PF11 significantly alleviated the death of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons induced by the conditioned-medium from activated microglia. At last, the effect of PF11 on neuroinflammation was confirmed in vivo: PF11 mitigated the microglial activation and proinflammatory factors expression obviously in both cortex and hippocampus in mice injected intrahippocampally with LPS. These findings indicate that PF11 exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-activated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4-mediated TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways, suggesting its therapeutic implication for neurodegenerative disease associated with neuroinflammation.
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Cacabelos R, Cacabelos P, Torrellas C, Tellado I, Carril JC. Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer's disease: novel therapeutic strategies for drug development. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:323-556. [PMID: 25150875 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major problem of health and disability, with a relevant economic impact on our society. Despite important advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, its primary causes still remain elusive, accurate biomarkers are not well characterized, and the available pharmacological treatments are not cost-effective. As a complex disorder, AD is a polygenic and multifactorial clinical entity in which hundreds of defective genes distributed across the human genome may contribute to its pathogenesis. Diverse environmental factors, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and epigenetic phenomena, together with structural and functional genomic dysfunctions, lead to amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and premature neuronal death, the major neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Future perspectives for the global management of AD predict that genomics and proteomics may help in the search for reliable biomarkers. In practical terms, the therapeutic response to conventional drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, multifactorial strategies) is genotype-specific. Genomic factors potentially involved in AD pharmacogenomics include at least five categories of gene clusters: (1) genes associated with disease pathogenesis; (2) genes associated with the mechanism of action of drugs; (3) genes associated with drug metabolism (phase I and II reactions); (4) genes associated with drug transporters; and (5) pleiotropic genes involved in multifaceted cascades and metabolic reactions. The implementation of pharmacogenomic strategies will contribute to optimize drug development and therapeutics in AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain,
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Donepezil inhibits the amyloid-beta oligomer-induced microglial activation in vitro and in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2013; 40:23-32. [PMID: 24189446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have focused on soluble oligomeric forms of amyloid-beta (Aβ oligomer, AβO) that are directly associated with AD-related pathologies, such as cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Donepezil is a well-known anti-dementia agent that increases acetylcholine levels through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. However, a growing body of experimental and clinical studies indicates that donepezil may also provide neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects in AD. Additionally, donepezil has recently been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharides and tau pathology. However, it remains unknown whether donepezil has anti-inflammatory effects against AβO in cultured microglial cells and the brain in animals. Further, the effects of donepezil against AβO-mediated neuronal death, astrogliosis, and memory impairment have also not yet been investigated. Thus, in the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of donepezil against AβO and its neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Donepezil significantly attenuated the release of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide) from microglia. Donepezil also decreased AβO-induced up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B. We next showed that donepezil suppresses activated microglia-mediated toxicity in primary hippocampal cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In intrahippocampal AβO-injected mice, donepezil significantly inhibited microgliosis and astrogliosis. Furthermore, behavioral tests revealed that donepezil (2 mg/kg/day, 5 days, p.o.) significantly ameliorated AβO-induced memory impairment. These results suggest that donepezil directly inhibits microglial activation induced by AβO through blocking MAPK and NF-κB signaling and, in part, contributing to the amelioration of neurodegeneration and memory impairment.
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Kim KS, Cui X, Lee DS, Sohn JH, Yim JH, Kim YC, Oh H. Anti-inflammatory effect of neoechinulin a from the marine fungus Eurotium sp. SF-5989 through the suppression of NF-кB and p38 MAPK Pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecules 2013; 18:13245-59. [PMID: 24165583 PMCID: PMC6270177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of a bioassay-guided study of metabolites from the marine fungus Eurotium sp. SF-5989, two diketopiperazine type indole alkaloids, neoechinulins A and B, were isolated. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of neoechinulins A (1) and B (2) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Neoechinulin A (1) markedly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose dependent manner ranging from 12.5 µM to 100 µM without affecting the cell viability. On the other hand, neoechinulin B (2) affected the cell viability at 25 µM although the compound displayed similar inhibitory effect of NO production to neoechinulin A (1) at lower doses. Furthermore, neoechinulin A (1) decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). We also confirmed that neoechinulin A (1) blocked the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor kappa B (IκB)-α. Moreover, neoechinulin A (1) decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Therefore, these data showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of neoechinulin A (1) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were due to the inhibition of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways, suggesting that neoechinulin A (1) might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; E-Mails: (K.-S.K); (X.C.); (D.-S.L.)
- Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6823 (Y.-C.K.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6815 (H.O.); Fax: +82-63-852-8837 (H.O.)
| | - Xiang Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; E-Mails: (K.-S.K); (X.C.); (D.-S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6823 (Y.-C.K.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6815 (H.O.); Fax: +82-63-852-8837 (H.O.)
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; E-Mails: (K.-S.K); (X.C.); (D.-S.L.)
- Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea; E-Mail: (J.H.S.)
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea; E-Mail: (J.H.Y.)
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; E-Mails: (K.-S.K); (X.C.); (D.-S.L.)
- Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6823 (Y.-C.K.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6815 (H.O.); Fax: +82-63-852-8837 (H.O.)
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; E-Mails: (K.-S.K); (X.C.); (D.-S.L.)
- Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6823 (Y.-C.K.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6815 (H.O.); Fax: +82-63-852-8837 (H.O.)
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