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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Leeuwenburgh C, Bucci C, Marzetti E. The contribution of mitochondrial DNA alterations to aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112203. [PMID: 37172915 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is as a double-stranded molecule existing in hundreds to thousands copies in cells depending on cell metabolism and exposure to endogenous and/or environmental stressors. The coordination of mtDNA replication and transcription regulates the pace of mitochondrial biogenesis to guarantee the minimum number of organelles per cell. mtDNA inheritance follows a maternal lineage, although bi-parental inheritance has been reported in some species and in the case of mitochondrial diseases in humans. mtDNA mutations (e.g., point mutations, deletions, copy number variations) have been identified in the setting of several human diseases. For instance, sporadic and inherited rare disorders involving the nervous system as well higher risk of developing cancer and neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, have been associated with polymorphic mtDNA variants. An accrual of mtDNA mutations has also been identified in several tissues and organs, including heart and muscle, of old experimental animals and humans, which may contribute to the development of aging phenotypes. The role played by mtDNA homeostasis and mtDNA quality control pathways in human health is actively investigated for the possibility of developing targeted therapeutics for a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Lee EG, Leong L, Chen S, Tulloch J, Yu CE. APOE Locus-Associated Mitochondrial Function and Its Implication in Alzheimer's Disease and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10440. [PMID: 37445616 PMCID: PMC10341489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus has garnered significant clinical interest because of its association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and longevity. This genetic association appears across multiple genes in the APOE locus. Despite the apparent differences between AD and longevity, both conditions share a commonality of aging-related changes in mitochondrial function. This commonality is likely due to accumulative biological effects partly exerted by the APOE locus. In this study, we investigated changes in mitochondrial structure/function-related markers using oxidative stress-induced human cellular models and postmortem brains (PMBs) from individuals with AD and normal controls. Our results reveal a range of expressional alterations, either upregulated or downregulated, in these genes in response to oxidative stress. In contrast, we consistently observed an upregulation of multiple APOE locus genes in all cellular models and AD PMBs. Additionally, the effects of AD status on mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) varied depending on APOE genotype. Our findings imply a potential coregulation of APOE locus genes possibly occurring within the same topologically associating domain (TAD) of the 3D chromosome conformation. The coordinated expression of APOE locus genes could impact mitochondrial function, contributing to the development of AD or longevity. Our study underscores the significant role of the APOE locus in modulating mitochondrial function and provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD and aging, emphasizing the importance of this locus in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Gyung Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Lesley Leong
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Jessica Tulloch
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Mahapatra G, Gao Z, Bateman JR, Lockhart SN, Bergstrom J, DeWitt AR, Piloso JE, Kramer PA, Gonzalez-Armenta JL, Amick A, Casanova R, Craft S, Molina AJA. Blood-based bioenergetic profiling reveals differences in mitochondrial function associated with cognitive performance and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:1466-1478. [PMID: 35870133 PMCID: PMC9868193 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite evidence for systemic mitochondrial dysfunction early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, reliable approaches monitoring these key bioenergetic alterations are lacking. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets as reporters of mitochondrial function in the context of cognitive impairment and AD. METHODS Mitochondrial function was analyzed using complementary respirometric approaches in intact and permeabilized cells from older adults with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia due to probable AD. Clinical outcomes included measures of cognitive function and brain morphology. RESULTS PBMC and platelet bioenergetic parameters were lowest in dementia participants. MCI platelets exhibited higher maximal respiration than normocognitives. PBMC and platelet respiration positively associated with cognitive ability and hippocampal volume, and negatively associated with white matter hyperintensities. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate blood-based bioenergetic profiling can be used as a minimally invasive approach for measuring systemic bioenergetic differences associated with dementia, and may be used to monitor bioenergetic changes associated with AD risk and progression. HIGHLIGHTS Peripheral cell bioenergetic alterations accompanied cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia (DEM). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and platelet glucose-mediated respiration decreased in participants with dementia compared to normocognitive controls (NC). PBMC fatty-acid oxidation (FAO)-mediated respiration progressively declined in MCI and AD compared to NC participants, while platelet FAO-mediated respiration exhibited an inverse-Warburg effect in MCI compared to NC participants. Positive associations were observed between bioenergetics and Modified Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite, and bioenergetics and hippocampal volume %, while a negative association was observed between bioenergetics and white matter hyperintensities. Systemic mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Mahapatra
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James R. Bateman
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel Neal Lockhart
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amber Renee DeWitt
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jemima Elizabeth Piloso
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip Adam Kramer
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenny L. Gonzalez-Armenta
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allison Amick
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J. A. Molina
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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Cui SS, Jiang QW, Chen SD. Sex difference in biological change and mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease: from macro- to micro-landscape. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101918. [PMID: 36967089 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and numerous studies reported a higher prevalence and incidence of AD among women. Although women have longer lifetime, longevity does not wholly explain the higher frequency and lifetime risk in women. It is important to understand sex differences in AD pathophysiology and pathogenesis, which could provide foundation for future clinical AD research. Here, we reviewed the most recent and relevant literature on sex differences in biological change of AD from macroscopical neuroimaging to microscopical pathologic change (neuronal degeneration, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid-beta and tau accumulation). We also discussed sex differences in cellular mechanisms related to AD (neuroinflammation, mitochondria dysfunction, oxygen stress, apoptosis, autophagy, blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, gut microbiome alteration, bulk and single cell/nucleus omics) and possible causes underlying these differences including sex-chromosome, sex hormone and hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Shuang Cui
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian-Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Liu G, Ni C, Zhan J, Li W, Luo J, Liao Z, Locascio JJ, Xian W, Chen L, Pei Z, Corvol JC, Maple-Grødem J, Campbell MC, Elbaz A, Lesage S, Brice A, Hung AY, Schwarzschild MA, Hayes MT, Wills AM, Ravina B, Shoulson I, Taba P, Kõks S, Beach TG, Cormier-Dequaire F, Alves G, Tysnes OB, Perlmutter JS, Heutink P, van Hilten JJ, Barker RA, Williams-Gray CH, Scherzer CR. Mitochondrial haplogroups and cognitive progression in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2023; 146:42-49. [PMID: 36343661 PMCID: PMC10202390 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a culprit in the onset of Parkinson's disease, but their role during disease progression is unclear. Here we used Cox proportional hazards models to exam the effect of variation in the mitochondrial genome on longitudinal cognitive and motor progression over time in 4064 patients with Parkinson's disease. Mitochondrial macro-haplogroup was associated with reduced risk of cognitive disease progression in the discovery and replication population. In the combined analysis, patients with the super macro-haplogroup J, T, U# had a 41% lower risk of cognitive progression with P = 2.42 × 10-6 compared to those with macro-haplogroup H. Exploratory analysis indicated that the common mitochondrial DNA variant, m.2706A>G, was associated with slower cognitive decline with a hazard ratio of 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.56-0.81) and P = 2.46 × 10-5. Mitochondrial haplogroups were not appreciably linked to motor progression. This initial genetic survival study of the mitochondrial genome suggests that mitochondrial haplogroups may be associated with the pace of cognitive progression in Parkinson's disease over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganqiang Liu
- Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Chunming Ni
- Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jiamin Zhan
- Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Junfeng Luo
- Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zhixiang Liao
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Neurogenomics Lab, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Neurogenomics Lab, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wenbiao Xian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jodi Maple-Grødem
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, ‘Exposome and Heredity’ Team, CESP, F94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Albert Y Hung
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael T Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Wills
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Ira Shoulson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
- Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Florence Cormier-Dequaire
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Guido Alves
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ole-Bjørn Tysnes
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Program of Physical Therapy and Program of Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jacobus J van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roger A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Neurogenomics Lab, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mitochondrial DNA Repair in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911391. [PMID: 36232693 PMCID: PMC9569545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the only organelles, along with the nucleus, that have their own DNA. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a double-stranded circular molecule of ~16.5 kbp that can exist in multiple copies within the organelle. Both strands are translated and encode for 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 proteins. mtDNA molecules are anchored to the inner mitochondrial membrane and, in association with proteins, form a structure called nucleoid, which exerts a structural and protective function. Indeed, mitochondria have evolved mechanisms necessary to protect their DNA from chemical and physical lesions such as DNA repair pathways similar to those present in the nucleus. However, there are mitochondria-specific mechanisms such as rapid mtDNA turnover, fission, fusion, and mitophagy. Nevertheless, mtDNA mutations may be abundant in somatic tissue due mainly to the proximity of the mtDNA to the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and, consequently, to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during ATP production. In this review, we summarise the most common types of mtDNA lesions and mitochondria repair mechanisms. The second part of the review focuses on the physiological role of mtDNA damage in ageing and the effect of mtDNA mutations in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Considering the central role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the analysis of mitochondrial function is a central point for developing personalised medicine.
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Bonakdari H, Pelletier JP, Blanco FJ, Rego-Pérez I, Durán-Sotuela A, Aitken D, Jones G, Cicuttini F, Jamshidi A, Abram F, Martel-Pelletier J. Single nucleotide polymorphism genes and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups as biomarkers for early prediction of knee osteoarthritis structural progressors: use of supervised machine learning classifiers. BMC Med 2022; 20:316. [PMID: 36089590 PMCID: PMC9465912 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic musculoskeletal debilitating disease. Current treatments are only symptomatic, and to improve this, we need a robust prediction model to stratify patients at an early stage according to the risk of joint structure disease progression. Some genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genes and mitochondrial (mt)DNA haplogroups/clusters, have been linked to this disease. For the first time, we aim to determine, by using machine learning, whether some SNP genes and mtDNA haplogroups/clusters alone or combined could predict early knee osteoarthritis structural progressors. METHODS Participants (901) were first classified for the probability of being structural progressors. Genotyping included SNP genes TP63, FTO, GNL3, DUS4L, GDF5, SUPT3H, MCF2L, and TGFA; mtDNA haplogroups H, J, T, Uk, and others; and clusters HV, TJ, KU, and C-others. They were considered for prediction with major risk factors of osteoarthritis, namely, age and body mass index (BMI). Seven supervised machine learning methodologies were evaluated. The support vector machine was used to generate gender-based models. The best input combination was assessed using sensitivity and synergy analyses. Validation was performed using tenfold cross-validation and an external cohort (TASOAC). RESULTS From 277 models, two were defined. Both used age and BMI in addition for the first one of the SNP genes TP63, DUS4L, GDF5, and FTO with an accuracy of 85.0%; the second profits from the association of mtDNA haplogroups and SNP genes FTO and SUPT3H with 82.5% accuracy. The highest impact was associated with the haplogroup H, the presence of CT alleles for rs8044769 at FTO, and the absence of AA for rs10948172 at SUPT3H. Validation accuracy with the cross-validation (about 95%) and the external cohort (90.5%, 85.7%, respectively) was excellent for both models. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces a novel source of decision support in precision medicine in which, for the first time, two models were developed consisting of (i) age, BMI, TP63, DUS4L, GDF5, and FTO and (ii) the optimum one as it has one less variable: age, BMI, mtDNA haplogroup, FTO, and SUPT3H. Such a framework is translational and would benefit patients at risk of structural progressive knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bonakdari
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis, R11.412, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis, R11.412, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Unidad de Genomica, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología Y Salud (GIR-S), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina Y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rego-Pérez
- Unidad de Genomica, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Durán-Sotuela
- Unidad de Genomica, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Afshin Jamshidi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis, R11.412, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis, R11.412, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Amor H, Hammadeh ME. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Mitochondrial Variations on Male Infertility. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071182. [PMID: 35885965 PMCID: PMC9325252 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to current estimates, infertility affects one in four couples trying to conceive. Primary or secondary infertility can be due either to both partners or only to the man or the woman. Up to 15% of infertility cases in men can be attributed to genetic factors that can lead to irreversible partial or complete spermatogenic arrest. The increased use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has provided not only insights into the causes of male infertility but also afforded a diagnostic tool to detect and manage this condition among couples. Genes control a variety of physiological attributes, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, development, and germ cell differentiation. In the era of ART, it is important to understand the genetic basis of infertility so as to provide the most tailored therapy and counseling to couples. Genetic factors involved in male infertility can be chromosome abnormalities or single-gene disorders, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, Y-chromosome deletions, multifactorial disorders, imprinting disorders, or endocrine disorders of genetic origin. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome as an indicator of sperm quality and fertility.
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Dorji J, Vander Jagt CJ, Chamberlain AJ, Cocks BG, MacLeod IM, Daetwyler HD. Recovery of mitogenomes from whole genome sequences to infer maternal diversity in 1883 modern taurine and indicine cattle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5582. [PMID: 35379858 PMCID: PMC8980051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diversity based on a sub-region of mitochondrial genome or variants were commonly used to understand past demographic events in livestock. Additionally, there is growing evidence of direct association of mitochondrial genetic variants with a range of phenotypes. Therefore, this study used complete bovine mitogenomes from a large sequence database to explore the full spectrum of maternal diversity. Mitogenome diversity was evaluated among 1883 animals representing 156 globally important cattle breeds. Overall, the mitogenomes were diverse: presenting 11 major haplogroups, expanding to 1309 unique haplotypes, with nucleotide diversity 0.011 and haplotype diversity 0.999. A small proportion of African taurine (3.5%) and indicine (1.3%) haplogroups were found among the European taurine breeds and composites. The haplogrouping was largely consistent with the population structure derived from alternate clustering methods (e.g. PCA and hierarchical clustering). Further, we present evidence confirming a new indicine subgroup (I1a, 64 animals) mainly consisting of breeds originating from China and characterised by two private mutations within the I1 haplogroup. The total genetic variation was attributed mainly to within-breed variance (96.9%). The accuracy of the imputation of missing genotypes was high (99.8%) except for the relatively rare heteroplasmic genotypes, suggesting the potential for trait association studies within a breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigme Dorji
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Christy J Vander Jagt
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Amanda J Chamberlain
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Benjamin G Cocks
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Iona M MacLeod
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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Watts A, Chalise P, Hu J, Hui D, Pa J, Andrews SJ, Michaelis EK, Swerdlow RH. A Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup Defines Patterns of Five-Year Cognitive Change. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:913-922. [PMID: 35964186 PMCID: PMC10015634 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline. A particular haplogroup of mtDNA, haplogroup J, has been observed more commonly in patients with AD than in cognitively normal controls. OBJECTIVE We used two mtDNA haplogroups, H and J, to predict change in cognitive performance over five years. We hypothesized that haplogroup J carriers would show less cognitive resilience. METHODS We analyzed data from 140 cognitively normal older adults who participated in the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center clinical cohort between 2011 and 2020. We used factor analysis to create three composite scores (verbal memory, attention, and executive function) from 11 individual cognitive tests. We performed latent growth curve modeling to describe trajectories of cognitive performance and change adjusting for age, sex, years of education, and APOE ɛ4 allele carrier status. We compared haplogroup H, the most common group, to haplogroup J, the potential risk group. RESULTS Haplogroup J carriers had significantly lower baseline performance and slower rates of improvement on tests of verbal memory compared to haplogroup H carriers. We did not observe differences in executive function or attention. CONCLUSION Our results reinforce the role of mtDNA in changes to cognitive function in a domain associated with risk for dementia, verbal memory, but not with other cognitive domains. Future research should investigate the distinct mechanisms by which mtDNA might affect performance on verbal memory as compared to other cognitive domains across haplogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Watts
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Dongwei Hui
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas
| | - Judy Pa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Elias K Michaelis
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center
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11
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Mitochondrial DNA and Alzheimer's disease: a first case-control study of the Tunisian population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1687-1700. [PMID: 34854014 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in humans and presents a major health problem throughout the world. The etiology of AD is complex, and many factors are implicated, including mitochondria. Mitochondrial alteration has been proposed as a possible cause of AD. Therefore, several studies have focused on finding an association between inherited mitochondrial DNA variants and AD onset. METHODS In this study, we looked, for the first time, for a potential association between mitochondrial haplogroups or polymorphisms and AD in the Tunisian population. We also evaluated the distribution of the major genetic risk factor for AD, the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ε4), in this population. In total, 159 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups were genotyped in 254 individuals (58 patients and 196 controls). An additional genotyping of APOE ε4 was performed. RESULTS No significant association between mitochondrial haplogroups and AD was found. However, two individual SNPs, A5656G (p = 0.03821, OR = 10.46) and A13759G (p = 0.03719, OR = 10.78), showed a significant association with AD. APOE 4 was confirmed as a risk factor for AD (p = 0.000014). CONCLUSION Our findings may confirm the absence of a relation between mitochondrial haplogroups and AD and support the possible involvement of some inherited variants in the pathogenicity of AD.
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Al Smadi MA, Hammadeh ME, Solomayer E, Batiha O, Altalib MM, Jahmani MY, Shboul MA, Nusair B, Amor H. Impact of Mitochondrial Genetic Variants in ND1, ND2, ND5, and ND6 Genes on Sperm Motility and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Outcomes. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1540-1555. [PMID: 33475980 PMCID: PMC8076152 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sperm mitochondrial dysfunction causes the generation of an insufficient amount of energy needed for sperm motility. This will affect sperm fertilization capacity, and thus, most asthenozoospermic men usually require assisted reproductive techniques. The etiology of asthenozoospermia remains largely unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mitochondrial genetic variants on sperm motility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. A total of 150 couples from the ICSI cycle were enrolled in this study. One hundred five of the male partners were asthenozoospermic patients, and they were subdivided into three groups according to their percentage of sperm motility, while forty-five of the male partners were normozoospermic. Genetic variants were screened using direct Sanger’s sequencing in four mitochondrial genes (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase 1 (ND1), NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2), NADH dehydrogenase 5 (ND5), and NADH dehydrogenase 6 (ND6)). We identified three significant variants: 13708G>A (rs28359178) in ND5, 4216T>C (rs1599988) in ND1, and a novel 12506T>A in ND5 with P values 0.006, 0.036, and 0.013, respectively. The medians of sperm motility, fertilization rate, embryo cleavage score, and embryo quality score were significantly different between men showing 4216T>C, 12506T>A, 13708G>A and wild type, Mann-Whitney P values for the differences in the medians were < 0.05 in all of them. The results from this study suggest that 13708G>A, 12506T>A, and 4216 T>C variants in sperm mitochondrial DNA negatively affect sperm motility and ICSI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Al Smadi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Mohamad Eid Hammadeh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Erich Solomayer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Osamah Batiha
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Mohammad Y Jahmani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad A Shboul
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Bassam Nusair
- Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF Unit, King Hussein Medical Centre, Amman, Jordan
| | - Houda Amor
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Blanco FJ, Rego-Pérez I. Mitochondrial DNA in osteoarthritis disease. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3255-3259. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Swerdlow RH, Hui D, Chalise P, Sharma P, Wang X, Andrews SJ, Pa J, Mahnken JD, Morris J, Wilkins HM, Burns JM, Michaelis ML, Michaelis EK. Exploratory analysis of mtDNA haplogroups in two Alzheimer's longitudinal cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1164-1172. [PMID: 32543785 PMCID: PMC9847473 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants may influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. METHODS We sequenced mtDNA from 146 AD and 265 cognitively normal (CN) subjects from the University of Kansas AD Center (KUADC) and assigned haplogroups. We further considered 244 AD and 242 CN AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) subjects with equivalent data. RESULTS Without applying multiple comparisons corrections, KUADC haplogroup J AD and CN frequencies were 16.4% versus 7.6% (P = .007), and haplogroup K AD and CN frequencies were 4.8% versus 10.2% (P = .063). ADNI haplogroup J AD and CN frequencies were 10.7% versus 7.0% (P = .20), and haplogroup K frequencies were 4.9% versus 8.7% (P = .11). For the combined 390 AD and 507 CN cases haplogroup J frequencies were 12.8% versus 7.3% (P = .006), odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, and haplogroup K frequencies were 4.9% versus 9.5% (P = .010), OR = 0.49. Associations remained significant after adjusting for apolipoprotein E, age, and sex. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis suggests inherited mtDNA variants influence AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H. Swerdlow
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Dongwei Hui
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Palash Sharma
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Xinkun Wang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shea J. Andrews
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judy Pa
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics InstituteUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Mahnken
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jill Morris
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Heather M. Wilkins
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Burns
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mary L. Michaelis
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Elias K. Michaelis
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Mehrpour S, Rodrigues CR, Ferreira RC, Briones MRDS, Oliveira ASB. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in different mitochondrial haplogroups of four genes associated with neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 78:269-276. [PMID: 32490968 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malfunctioning or damaged mitochondria result in altered energy metabolism, redox equilibrium, and cellular dynamics and is a central point in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify mitochondrial genetic susceptibility markers for neurodegenerative diseases. Potential markers include the respiratory chain enzymes Riboflavin kinase (RFK), Flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase (FAD), Succinate dehydrogenase B subunit (SDHB), and Cytochrome C1 (CYC1). These enzymes are associated with neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE To test if variants in genes RFK, FAD, SDHB and CYC1 deviate from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in different human mitochondrial haplogroups. METHODS Sequence variants in genes RFK, FAD, SDHB and CYC1 of 2,504 non-affected individuals of the 1,000 genomes project were used for mitochondrial haplogroup assessment and HWE calculations in different mitochondrial haplogroups. RESULTS We show that RFK variants deviate from HWE in haplogroups G, H, L, V and W, variants of FAD in haplogroups B, J, L, U, and C, variants of SDHB in relation to the C, W, and A and CYC1 variants in B, L, U, D, and T. HWE deviation indicates action of selective pressures and genetic drift. CONCLUSIONS HWE deviation of particular variants in relation to global populational HWE, could be, at least in part, associated with the differential susceptibility of specific populations and ethnicities to neurodegenerative diseases. Our data might contribute to the epidemiology and diagnostic/prognostic methods for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Mehrpour
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Ronqui Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Carmona Ferreira
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Bridges Genomics, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Monzio Compagnoni G, Di Fonzo A, Corti S, Comi GP, Bresolin N, Masliah E. The Role of Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Diseases: the Lesson from Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2959-2980. [PMID: 32445085 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is still widely unclear, various mechanisms have been proposed and several pieces of evidence are supportive for an important role of mitochondrial dysfunction. The present review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview about the role of mitochondria in the two most common neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial involvement in AD is supported by clinical features like reduced glucose and oxygen brain metabolism and by numerous microscopic and molecular findings, including altered mitochondrial morphology, impaired respiratory chain function, and altered mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, amyloid pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be bi-directionally correlated. Mitochondria have an even more remarkable role in PD. Several hints show that respiratory chain activity, in particular complex I, is impaired in the disease. Mitochondrial DNA alterations, involving deletions, point mutations, depletion, and altered maintenance, have been described. Mutations in genes directly implicated in mitochondrial functioning (like Parkin and PINK1) are responsible for rare genetic forms of the disease. A close connection between alpha-synuclein accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed. Finally, mitochondria are involved also in atypical parkinsonisms, in particular multiple system atrophy. The available knowledge is still not sufficient to clearly state whether mitochondrial dysfunction plays a primary role in the very initial stages of these diseases or is secondary to other phenomena. However, the presented data strongly support the hypothesis that whatever the initial cause of neurodegeneration is, mitochondrial impairment has a critical role in maintaining and fostering the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Monzio Compagnoni
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, Khurana Laboratory, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Antonyová V, Kejík Z, Brogyányi T, Kaplánek R, Pajková M, Talianová V, Hromádka R, Masařík M, Sýkora D, Mikšátková L, Martásek P, Jakubek M. Role of mtDNA disturbances in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 91-92:102871. [PMID: 32502755 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease) are becoming increasingly problematic to healthcare systems. Therefore, their underlying mechanisms are trending topics of study in medicinal research. Numerous studies have evidenced a strong association between mitochondrial DNA disturbances (e.g. oxidative damage, mutations, and methylation shifts) and the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review discusses the risk and development of neurodegenerative diseases in terms of disturbances in mitochondrial DNA and as a part of a complex ecosystem that includes other important mechanisms (e.g. neuroinflammation and the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β peptides, α-synuclein, and tau proteins). In addition, the influence of individual mitochondrial DNA haplogroups on the risk and development of neurodegenerative diseases is also described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Antonyová
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Brogyányi
- Depertment of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 121 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Pajková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Talianová
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Hromádka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mikšátková
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies some forms of sepsis-induced organ failure. We sought to test the hypothesis that variations in mitochondrial DNA haplogroup affect susceptibility to sepsis-associated delirium, a common manifestation of acute brain dysfunction during sepsis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Medical and surgical ICUs at a large tertiary care center. PATIENTS Caucasian and African American adults with sepsis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We determined each patient's mitochondrial DNA haplogroup using single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping data in a DNA databank and extracted outcomes from linked electronic medical records. We then used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to analyze age-adjusted associations between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and duration of delirium, identified using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Eight-hundred ten patients accounted for 958 sepsis admissions, with 802 (84%) by Caucasians and 156 (16%) by African Americans. In total, 795 patient admissions (83%) involved one or more days of delirium. The 7% of Caucasians belonging to mitochondrial DNA haplogroup clade IWX experienced more delirium than the 49% in haplogroup H, the most common Caucasian haplogroup (age-adjusted rate ratio for delirium 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64; p = 0.001). Alternatively, among African Americans the 24% in haplogroup L2 experienced less delirium than those in haplogroup L3, the most common African haplogroup (adjusted rate ratio for delirium 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.94; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Variations in mitochondrial DNA are associated with development of and protection from delirium in Caucasians and African Americans during sepsis. Future studies are now required to determine whether mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the pathogenesis of delirium during sepsis so that targeted treatments can be developed.
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19
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Rego-Pérez I, Durán-Sotuela A, Ramos-Louro P, Blanco FJ. Mitochondrial Genetics and Epigenetics in Osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2020; 10:1335. [PMID: 32010192 PMCID: PMC6978735 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years, the significant influence of mitochondria on osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease, has been consistently demonstrated. Not only mitochondrial dysfunction but also mitochondrial genetic polymorphisms, specifically the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, have been shown to have an important influence on different OA-related features, including the prevalence, severity, incidence, and progression of the disease. This influence could probably be mediated by the role of mitochondria in the regulation of different processes involved in the pathogenesis of OA, such as energy production, the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, apoptosis, and inflammation. The regulation of these processes is at least partially controlled by the bi-directional communication between the nucleus and mitochondria, which permits the regulation of adaptation to a wide range of stressors and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. This bi-directional communication consists of an “anterograde regulation” by which the nucleus regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and a “retrograde regulation” by which both mitochondria and mitochondrial genetic variation exert a regulatory signaling control over the nuclear epigenome, which leads to the modulation of nuclear genes. Throughout this mini review, we will describe the evidence that demonstrates the profound influence of the mitochondrial genetic background in the pathogenesis of OA, as well as its influence on the nuclear DNA methylome of the only cell type present in the articular cartilage, the chondrocyte. This evidence leads to serious consideration of the mitochondrion as an important therapeutic target in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rego-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Durán-Sotuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Ramos-Louro
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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Wang Y, Hernandez G, Mack WJ, Schneider LS, Yin F, Brinton RD. Retrospective analysis of phytoSERM for management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms and cognitive decline: a pilot study on pharmacogenomic effects of mitochondrial haplogroup and APOE genotype on therapeutic efficacy. Menopause 2020; 27:57-65. [PMID: 31567873 PMCID: PMC7100617 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PhytoSERM is a selective estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) modulator comprised of three phytoestrogens: genistein, daidzein, and S-equol. The PhytoSERM formulation promotes estrogenic action in the brain while largely inactive or inhibitory in reproductive tissue. A phase Ib/IIa clinical trial (ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT01723917) of PhytoSERM demonstrated safety and pharmacokinetics profile of PhytoSERM. While this study was not powered for efficacy analysis, we conducted a pilot, retrospective analysis to identify potential responders to PhytoSERM treatment, and to determine the optimal populations to pursue in a phase II clinical trial of efficacy of the PhytoSERM formulation. METHODS In this retrospective analysis involving 46 participants (n = 16, placebo; n = 18, 50 mg/d PhytoSERM; and n = 12, 100 mg/d PhytoSERM), the therapeutic effect of PhytoSERM was stratified by 2 genetic risk modulators for Alzheimer's disease: mitochondrial haplogroup and APOE genotype. RESULTS Our retrospective responder analysis indicated that participants on 50 mg of daily PhytoSERM (PS50) for 12 weeks significantly reduced hot flash frequency compared with their baseline (mean [95% CI])-1.61, [-2.79, -0.42], P = 0.007). Participants on 50 mg of PhytoSERM also had significantly greater reduction in hot flash frequency at 12 weeks compared with the placebo group (-1.38, -0.17 [median PS50, median placebo], P = 0.04). Fifty milligrams of daily PhytoSERM also preserved cognitive function in certain aspects of verbal learning and executive function. Our analysis further suggests that mitochondrial haplogroup and APOE genotype can modify PhytoSERM response. CONCLUSION Our data support a precision medicine approach for further development of PhytoSERM as a safe and effective alternative to hormone therapy for menopause-associated hot flash and cognitive decline. While definitive determination of PhytoSERM efficacy is limited by the small sample size, these data provide a reasonable rationale to extend analyses to a larger study set powered to address statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science and Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Gerson Hernandez
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science and Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fei Yin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science and Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science and Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation are now recognized as important factors in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Mitochondria are the energy powerhouses of the cell, and also regulate different processes involved in the pathogenesis of OA including inflammation, apoptosis, calcium metabolism and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Mitochondria contain their own genetic material, mtDNA, which evolved through the sequential accumulation of mtDNA variants to enable humans to adapt to different climates. The ROS and reactive metabolic intermediates that are by-products of mitochondrial metabolism are regulated in part by mtDNA and are among the signals that transmit information between mitochondria and the nucleus. These signals can alter nuclear gene expression and, when disrupted, affect a number of cellular processes and metabolic pathways, leading to disease. mtDNA variation influences OA-associated phenotypes, including those related to metabolism, inflammation and even ageing, as well as nuclear epigenetic regulation. This influence also enables the use of specific mtDNA haplogroups as complementary diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of OA.
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Ridge PG, Wadsworth ME, Miller JB, Saykin AJ, Green RC, Kauwe JSK. Assembly of 809 whole mitochondrial genomes with clinical, imaging, and fluid biomarker phenotyping. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:514-519. [PMID: 29306584 PMCID: PMC5961720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial genetics are an important but largely neglected area of research in Alzheimer's disease. A major impediment is the lack of data sets. METHODS We used an innovative, rigorous approach, combining several existing tools with our own, to accurately assemble and call variants in 809 whole mitochondrial genomes. RESULTS To help address this impediment, we prepared a data set that consists of 809 complete and annotated mitochondrial genomes with samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. These whole mitochondrial genomes include rich phenotyping, such as clinical, fluid biomarker, and imaging data, all of which is available through the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative website. Genomes are cleaned, annotated, and prepared for analysis. DISCUSSION These data provide an important resource for investigating the impact of mitochondrial genetic variation on risk for Alzheimer's disease and other phenotypes that have been measured in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Justin B Miller
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Medical and Molecular Genetics and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, The Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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Ridge PG, Kauwe JSK. Mitochondria and Alzheimer's Disease: the Role of Mitochondrial Genetic Variation. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018; 6:1-10. [PMID: 29564191 PMCID: PMC5842281 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affects an increasing number of people worldwide, has a rapidly increasing incidence, and is fatal. In the past several years, significant progress has been made towards solving the genetic architecture of AD, but our understanding remains incomplete and has not led to treatments that either cure or slow disease. There is substantial evidence that mitochondria are involved in AD: mitochondrial functional declines in AD, mitochondrial encoded gene expression changes, mitochondria are morphologically different, and mitochondrial fusion/fission are modified. While a majority of mitochondrial proteins are nuclear encoded and could lead to malfunction in mitochondria, the mitochondrial genome encodes numerous proteins important for the electron transport chain, which if damaged could possibly lead to mitochondrial changes observed in AD. Here, we review publications that describe a relationship between the mitochondrial genome and AD and make suggestions for analysis approaches and data acquisition, from existing datasets, to study the mitochondrial genetics of AD. Recent Findings Numerous mitochondrial haplogroups and SNPs have been reported to influence risk for AD, but the majority of these have not been replicated, nor experimentally validated. Summary The role of the mitochondrial genome in AD remains elusive, and several impediments exist to fully understand the relationship between the mitochondrial genome and AD. Yet, by leveraging existing datasets and implementing appropriate analysis approaches, determining the role of mitochondrial genetics in risk for AD is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - John S. K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
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MutPred mutational load analysis shows mildly deleterious mitochondrial DNA variants are not more prevalent in Alzheimer's patients, but may be under-represented in healthy older individuals. Mitochondrion 2017; 34:141-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Wilkins HM, Weidling IW, Ji Y, Swerdlow RH. Mitochondria-Derived Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2017; 8:508. [PMID: 28491064 PMCID: PMC5405073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathology. As no acquired pathogen appears to drive this inflammation, the question of what does remains. Recent advances indicate damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, which are released by injured and dying cells, can cause specific inflammatory cascades. Inflammation, therefore, can be endogenously induced. Mitochondrial components induce inflammatory responses in several pathological conditions. Due to evidence such as this, a number of mitochondrial components, including mitochondrial DNA, have been labeled as DAMP molecules. In this review, we consider the contributions of mitochondrial-derived DAMPs to inflammation observed in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Wilkins
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ian W Weidling
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yan Ji
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Wilkins HM, Koppel SJ, Bothwell R, Mahnken J, Burns JM, Swerdlow RH. Platelet cytochrome oxidase and citrate synthase activities in APOE ε4 carrier and non-carrier Alzheimer's disease patients. Redox Biol 2017; 12:828-832. [PMID: 28448944 PMCID: PMC5406545 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A degradation product of APOE ε4-encoded apolipoprotein E protein targets mitochondria and inhibits cytochrome oxidase (COX), and autopsy brains from young adult APOE ε4 carriers show reduced COX activity. To further explore relationships between APOE alleles and COX, we measured platelet mitochondria COX activity in AD subjects with (n=8) and without (n=7) an APOE ε4 allele and found the mean COX activity, when normalized to sample total protein, was lower in the APOE ε4 carriers (p<0.05). Normalizing COX activity to citrate synthase (CS) activity eliminated this difference, but notably the mean CS activity was itself lower in the APOE ε4 carriers (p<0.05). COX and CS protein levels did not appear to cause the lower APOE ε4 carrier COX and CS Vmax activities. If confirmed in larger studies, these data could suggest mitochondria at least partly mediate the well-recognized association between APOE alleles and AD risk. Platelet mitochondria from APOE ε4 carrier AD subjects have lower COX activity. Platelet mitochondria from APOE ε4 carrier AD subjects have lower CS activity. CS and COX protein expression were equivalent between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Wilkins
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Scott J Koppel
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rebecca Bothwell
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jonathan Mahnken
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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27
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Burggren AC, Mahmood Z, Harrison TM, Siddarth P, Miller KJ, Small GW, Merrill DA, Bookheimer SY. Hippocampal thinning linked to longer TOMM40 poly-T variant lengths in the absence of the APOE ε4 variant. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:739-748. [PMID: 28183529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40), which lies in linkage disequilibrium with apolipoprotein E (APOE), has received attention more recently as a promising gene in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. TOMM40 influences AD pathology through mitochondrial neurotoxicity, and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the most likely brain region for identifying early manifestations of AD-related morphology changes. METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of TOMM40 using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in 65 healthy, older subjects with and without the APOE ε4 AD-risk variant. RESULTS Examining individual subregions within the MTL, we found a significant relationship between increasing poly-T lengths of the TOMM40 variant and thickness of the entorhinal cortex only in subjects who did not carry the APOE ε4 allele. DISCUSSION Our data provide support for TOMM40 variant repeat length as an important contributor to AD-like MTL pathology in the absence of APOE ε4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Burggren
- Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Zanjbeel Mahmood
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen J Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wei W, Keogh MJ, Wilson I, Coxhead J, Ryan S, Rollinson S, Griffin H, Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Santibanez-Koref M, Talbot K, Turner MR, McKenzie CA, Troakes C, Attems J, Smith C, Al Sarraj S, Morris CM, Ansorge O, Pickering-Brown S, Ironside JW, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial DNA point mutations and relative copy number in 1363 disease and control human brains. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:13. [PMID: 28153046 PMCID: PMC5290662 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in common neurodegenerative diseases and contain their own genome: mtDNA. Common inherited polymorphic variants of mtDNA have been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, and somatic deletions of mtDNA have been found in affected brain regions. However, there are conflicting reports describing the role of rare inherited variants and somatic point mutations in neurodegenerative disorders, and recent evidence also implicates mtDNA levels. To address these issues we studied 1363 post mortem human brains with a histopathological diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Frontotemporal dementia - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (FTD-ALS), Creutzfeldt Jacob disease (CJD), and healthy controls. We obtained high-depth whole mitochondrial genome sequences using off target reads from whole exome sequencing to determine the association of mtDNA variation with the development and progression of disease, and to better understand the development of mtDNA mutations and copy number in the aging brain. With this approach, we found a surprisingly high frequency of heteroplasmic mtDNA variants in 32.3% of subjects. However, we found no evidence of an association between rare inherited variants of mtDNA or mtDNA heteroplasmy and disease. In contrast, we observed a reduction in the amount of mtDNA copy in both AD and CJD. Based on these findings, single nucleotide variants of mtDNA are unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases, but mtDNA levels merit further investigation.
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Mitochondria, Cybrids, Aging, and Alzheimer's Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:259-302. [PMID: 28253988 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and bioenergetic function change with advancing age and may drive aging phenotypes. Mitochondrial and bioenergetic changes are also documented in various age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In some instances AD mitochondrial and bioenergetic changes are reminiscent of those observed with advancing age but are greater in magnitude. Mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction could, therefore, link neurodegeneration to brain aging. Interestingly, mitochondrial defects in AD patients are not brain-limited, and mitochondrial function can be linked to classic AD histologic changes including amyloid precursor protein processing to beta amyloid. Also, transferring mitochondria from AD subjects to cell lines depleted of endogenous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) creates cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines that recapitulate specific biochemical, molecular, and histologic AD features. Such findings have led to the formulation of a "mitochondrial cascade hypothesis" that places mitochondrial dysfunction at the apex of the AD pathology pyramid. Data pertinent to this premise are reviewed.
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Wang Y, Brinton RD. Triad of Risk for Late Onset Alzheimer's: Mitochondrial Haplotype, APOE Genotype and Chromosomal Sex. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:232. [PMID: 27757081 PMCID: PMC5047907 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain is the most energetically demanding organ of the body, and is thus vulnerable to even modest decline in ATP generation. Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are associated with decline in mitochondrial function, e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis and multiple neuropathies. Genetic variances in the mitochondrial genome can modify bioenergetic and respiratory phenotypes, at both the cellular and system biology levels. Mitochondrial haplotype can be a key driver of mitochondrial efficiency. Herein, we focus on the association between mitochondrial haplotype and risk of late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Evidence for the association of mitochondrial genetic variances/haplotypes and the risk of developing LOAD are explored and discussed. Further, we provide a conceptual framework that suggests an interaction between mitochondrial haplotypes and two demonstrated risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and chromosomal sex. We posit herein that mitochondrial haplotype, and hence respiratory capacity, plays a key role in determining risk of LOAD and other age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Further, therapeutic design and targeting that involve mitochondrial haplotype would advance precision medicine for AD and other age related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Min-Wen JC, Jun-Hao ET, Shyh-Chang N. Stem cell mitochondria during aging. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 52:110-8. [PMID: 26851627 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central hubs of cellular metabolism, equipped with their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) blueprints to direct part of the programming of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and thus reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In stem cells, many stem cell factors governing the intricate balance between self-renewal and differentiation have been found to directly regulate mitochondrial processes to control stem cell behaviors during tissue regeneration and aging. Moreover, numerous nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways controlling organismal longevity in an evolutionarily conserved fashion also influence stem cell-mediated tissue homeostasis during aging via regulation of stem cell mitochondria. At the genomic level, it has been demonstrated that heritable mtDNA mutations and variants affect mammalian stem cell homeostasis and influence the risk for human degenerative diseases during aging. Because such a multitude of stem cell factors and signaling pathways ultimately converge on the mitochondria as the primary mechanism to modulate cellular and organismal longevity, it would be most efficacious to develop technologies to therapeutically target and direct mitochondrial repair in stem cells, as a unified strategy to combat aging-related degenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chua Min-Wen
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, S138672, Singapore
| | - Elwin Tan Jun-Hao
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, S138672, Singapore
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, S138672, Singapore.
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Devall M, Mill J, Lunnon K. The mitochondrial epigenome: a role in Alzheimer's disease? Epigenomics 2015; 6:665-75. [PMID: 25531259 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in Alzheimer's disease, both in affected brain regions and in leukocytes, potentially precipitating neurodegeneration through increased oxidative stress. Epigenetic processes are emerging as a dynamic mechanism through which environmental signals may contribute to cellular changes, leading to neuropathology and disease. Until recently, little attention was given to the mitochondrial epigenome itself, as preliminary studies indicated an absence of DNA modifications. However, recent research has demonstrated that epigenetic changes to the mitochondrial genome do occur, potentially playing an important role in several disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. This review explores the potential role of mitochondrial epigenetic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease etiology and discusses some technical issues pertinent to the study of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Devall
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 4, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
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Mitochondrial DNA mutations in neurodegeneration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1401-11. [PMID: 26014345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in both the aging brain, and as a core feature of several neurodegenerative diseases. A central mechanism mediating this dysfunction is acquired molecular damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In addition, inherited stable mtDNA variation (mitochondrial haplogroups), and inherited low level variants (heteroplasmy) have also been associated with the development of neurodegenerative disease and premature neural aging respectively. Herein we review the evidence for both inherited and acquired mtDNA mutations contributing to neural aging and neurodegenerative disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging.
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Mitochondria in health, aging and diseases: the epigenetic perspective. Biogerontology 2015; 16:569-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fachal L, Mosquera-Miguel A, Pastor P, Ortega-Cubero S, Lorenzo E, Oterino-Durán A, Toriello M, Quintáns B, Camiña-Tato M, Sesar A, Vega A, Sobrido MJ, Salas A. No evidence of association between common European mitochondrial DNA variants in Alzheimer, Parkinson, and migraine in the Spanish population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:54-65. [PMID: 25349034 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Certain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and haplogroups have been found to be associated with neurological disorders. Several studies have suggested that mtDNA variation could have an etiologic role in these disorders by affecting the ATP production on high-energy demanding organs, such as the brain. We have analyzed 15 mtDNA SNPs (mtSNPs) in five cohorts of cases presenting Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and migraine, and in controls, to evaluate the role mtDNA variation in disease risk. Association tests were undertaken both for mtSNPs and mitochondrial haplogroups. No significant association was detected for any mtSNP or haplogroup in AD and PD cohorts. Two mtSNPs were associated with one migraine cohort after correcting for multiple tests, namely, T4216C and G13708A and haplogroup J (FDR q-value = 0.02; Santiago's cohort). However, this association was not confirmed in a second replication migraine series. A review of the literature reveals the existence of inconsistent findings and methodological shortcomings affecting a large proportion of mtDNA association studies on AD, PD, and migraine. A detailed inspection of the literature highlights the need for performing more rigorous methodological and statistical standards in mtDNA genetic association studies aimed to avoid false positive results of association between mtDNA variants and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fachal
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Bi R, Zhang W, Yu D, Li X, Wang HZ, Hu QX, Zhang C, Lu W, Ni J, Fang Y, Li T, Yao YG. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup B5 confers genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1604.e7-16. [PMID: 25457022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely reported in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between matrilineal structures of Han Chinese populations and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by a 2-stage case-control study: A total of 341 AD patients and 435 normal individuals from Southwest China were analyzed for mitochondrial DNA sequence variations and were classified into respective haplogroups. A total of 371 AD patients and 470 normal individuals from East China, as validation samples, were genotyped for the variants defining the risk haplogroup. Haplogroup B5 had a significantly higher frequency in AD patients (7.33%) than in control subjects (3.68%) from Southwest China, and we found a similar pattern of higher frequency of B5 in patients in the case-control sample from East China. In the combined population, association of haplogroup B5 with AD risk was strengthened (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 1.74; 95% confidence interval = 1.10-2.76). In lymphoblastoid cell lines belonging to haplogroup B5a, we observed significantly increased reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial mass. Hela cells with stable expression of the MT-ATP6 gene with B5-defining variant m.8584G>A also showed a significantly decreased mitochondrial function. Taken together, our results indicated that haplogroup B5 conferred genetic susceptibility to AD in Han Chinese, and this effect was most likely mediated by ancient variant m.8584G>A. The predisposing effect of B5 to AD is consistent with the ancestral-susceptibility model of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianliang Ni
- First Geriatric Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- The Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Swerdlow RH, Burns JM, Khan SM. The Alzheimer's disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:1219-31. [PMID: 24071439 PMCID: PMC3962811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago we first proposed the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mitochondrial cascade hypothesis. This hypothesis maintains that gene inheritance defines an individual's baseline mitochondrial function; inherited and environmental factors determine rates at which mitochondrial function changes over time; and baseline mitochondrial function and mitochondrial change rates influence AD chronology. Our hypothesis unequivocally states in sporadic, late-onset AD, mitochondrial function affects amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, APP processing, or beta amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and argues if an amyloid cascade truly exists, mitochondrial function triggers it. We now review the state of the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, and discuss it in the context of recent AD biomarker studies, diagnostic criteria, and clinical trials. Our hypothesis predicts that biomarker changes reflect brain aging, new AD definitions clinically stage brain aging, and removing brain Aβ at any point will marginally impact cognitive trajectories. Our hypothesis, therefore, offers unique perspective into what sporadic, late-onset AD is and how to best treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- Departments of Neurology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Departments of Neurology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Sevini F, Giuliani C, Vianello D, Giampieri E, Santoro A, Biondi F, Garagnani P, Passarino G, Luiselli D, Capri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. mtDNA mutations in human aging and longevity: controversies and new perspectives opened by high-throughput technologies. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:234-44. [PMID: 24709341 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last 30 years of research greatly contributed to shed light on the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability in aging, although contrasting results have been reported, mainly due to bias regarding the population size and stratification, and to the use of analysis methods (haplogroup classification) that resulted to be not sufficiently adequate to grasp the complexity of the phenomenon. A 5-years European study (the GEHA EU project) collected and analyzed data on mtDNA variability on an unprecedented number of long-living subjects (enriched for longevity genes) and a comparable number of controls (matched for gender and ethnicity) in Europe. This very large study allowed a reappraisal of the role of both the inherited and the somatic mtDNA variability in aging, as an association with longevity emerged only when mtDNA variants in OXPHOS complexes co-occurred. Moreover, the availability of data from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes on a large number of subjects paves the way for an evaluation at a very large scale of the epistatic interactions at a higher level of complexity. This scenario is expected to be even more clarified in the next future with the use of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, which are becoming applicable to evaluate mtDNA variability and, then, new mathematical/bioinformatic analysis methods are urgently needed. Recent advances of association studies on age-related diseases and mtDNA variability will also be discussed in this review, taking into account the bias hidden by population stratification. Finally, very recent findings in terms of mtDNA heteroplasmy (i.e. the coexistence of wild type and mutated copies of mtDNA) and aging as well as mitochondrial epigenetic mechanisms will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sevini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre L. Galvani for Integrated Studies on Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Genome Biology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Vianello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Biondi
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre L. Galvani for Integrated Studies on Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre L. Galvani for Integrated Studies on Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Genome Biology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre L. Galvani for Integrated Studies on Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre L. Galvani for Integrated Studies on Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy; CNR, Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre L. Galvani for Integrated Studies on Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Analyses of the mitochondrial mutations in the Chinese patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:86-91. [PMID: 24667788 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leading to mitochondrial dysfunction can cause a variety of chronic diseases in central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of mtDNA mutations in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) has still been unknown. In this study, we comparatively analyzed complete mtDNA sequences of 31 Chinese sCJD patients and 32 controls. Using MITOMASTER and PhyloTree, we characterized 520 variants in sCJD patients and 507 variants in control by haplogroup and allele frequencies. We classified the mtDNAs into 40 sub-haplogroups of 5 haplogroups, most of them being Asian-specific haplogroups. Haplogroup U, an European-specific haplogroups mtDNA, was found only in sCJD. The analysis to control region (CR) revealed a 31% increase in the frequency of mtDNA CR mutations in sCJD versus controls. In functional elements of the mtDNA CR, six CR mutations were in conserved sequence blocks I (CSBI) in sCJD, while only one in control (P<0.05). More mutants in transfer ribonucleic acid-Leu (tRNA-Leu) were detected in sCJD. The frequencies of two synonymous amino-acid changes, m.11467A>G, p.(=) in NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and m.12372G>A, p.(=) in NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5), in sCJD patients were higher than that of controls. Our study, for the first time, screened the variations of mtDNA of Chinese sCJD patients and identified some potential disease-related mutations for further investigations.
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Gaweda-Walerych K, Zekanowski C. The impact of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes related to mitochondrial functioning on the risk of Parkinson's disease. Curr Genomics 2014; 14:543-59. [PMID: 24532986 PMCID: PMC3924249 DOI: 10.2174/1389202914666131210211033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major factors implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD)
pathogenesis. The maintenance of healthy mitochondria is a very complex process coordinated bi-genomically. Here, we
review association studies on mitochondrial haplogroups and subhaplogroups, discussing the underlying molecular
mechanisms. We also focus on variation in the nuclear genes (NDUFV2, PGC-1alpha, HSPA9, LRPPRC, MTIF3,
POLG1, and TFAM encoding NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
gamma coactivator 1-alpha, mortalin, leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing protein, translation initiation
factor 3, mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, and mitochondrial transcription factor A, respectively) primarily linked
to regulation of mitochondrial functioning that recently have been associated with PD risk. Possible interactions between
mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variants and related proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 str., 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 str., 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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Ridge PG, Koop A, Maxwell TJ, Bailey MH, Swerdlow RH, Kauwe JSK, Honea RA. Mitochondrial haplotypes associated with biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74158. [PMID: 24040196 PMCID: PMC3770576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have suggested that the mitochondrial genome plays a role in late-onset Alzheimer's disease, although results are mixed. We used an endophenotype-based approach to further characterize mitochondrial genetic variation and its relationship to risk markers for Alzheimer's disease. We analyzed longitudinal data from non-demented, mild cognitive impairment, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with genetic, brain imaging, and behavioral data. We assessed the relationship of structural MRI and cognitive biomarkers with mitochondrial genome variation using TreeScanning, a haplotype-based approach that concentrates statistical power by analyzing evolutionarily meaningful groups (or clades) of haplotypes together for association with a phenotype. Four clades were associated with three different endophenotypes: whole brain volume, percent change in temporal pole thickness, and left hippocampal atrophy over two years. This is the first study of its kind to identify mitochondrial variation associated with brain imaging endophenotypes of Alzheimer's disease. Our results provide additional evidence that the mitochondrial genome plays a role in risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Andre Koop
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Taylor J. Maxwell
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Bailey
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - John S. K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Robyn A. Honea
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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Genetics of Alzheimer's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:254954. [PMID: 23984328 PMCID: PMC3741956 DOI: 10.1155/2013/254954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and is the only top 10 cause of death in the United States that lacks disease-altering treatments. It is a complex disorder with environmental and genetic components. There are two major types of Alzheimer's disease, early onset and the more common late onset. The genetics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease are largely understood with variants in three different genes leading to disease. In contrast, while several common alleles associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, including APOE, have been identified using association studies, the genetics of late-onset Alzheimer's disease are not fully understood. Here we review the known genetics of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Mueller EE, Brunner SM, Mayr JA, Stanger O, Sperl W, Kofler B. Functional differences between mitochondrial haplogroup T and haplogroup H in HEK293 cybrid cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52367. [PMID: 23300652 PMCID: PMC3530588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological case-control studies have revealed associations between mitochondrial haplogroups and the onset and/or progression of various multifactorial diseases. For instance, mitochondrial haplogroup T was previously shown to be associated with vascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and diabetic retinopathy. In contrast, haplogroup H, the most frequent haplogroup in Europe, is often found to be more prevalent in healthy control subjects than in patient study groups. However, justifications for the assumption that haplogroups are functionally distinct are rare. Therefore, we attempted to compare differences in mitochondrial function between haplogroup H and T cybrids. Methodology/Principal Findings Mitochondrial haplogroup H and T cybrids were generated by fusion of HEK293 cells devoid of mitochondrial DNA with isolated thrombocytes of individuals with the respective haplogroups. These cybrid cells were analyzed for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzyme activities, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, growth rate and susceptibility to reactive oxygen species (ROS). We observed that haplogroup T cybrids have higher survival rate when challenged with hydrogen peroxide, indicating a higher capability to cope with oxidative stress. Conclusions/Significance The results of this study show that functional differences exist between HEK293 cybrid cells which differ in mitochondrial genomic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith E. Mueller
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne M. Brunner
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Olaf Stanger
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Maruszak A, Adamczyk JG, Siewierski M, Sozański H, Gajewski A, Żekanowski C. Mitochondrial DNA variation is associated with elite athletic status in the Polish population. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:311-8. [PMID: 23163620 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that genetic factors located in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes influence sport performance. Certain mitochondrial haplogroups and polymorphisms were associated with the status of elite athlete, especially in endurance performance. The aim of our study was to assess whether selected mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA variants are associated with elite athlete performance in a group of 395 elite Polish athletes (213 endurance athletes and 182 power athletes) and 413 sedentary controls. Our major finding was that the mtDNA haplogroup H and HV cluster influence endurance performance at the Olympic/World Class level of performance (P = 0.018 and P = 0.0185, respectively). We showed that two polymorphisms located in the mtDNA control region were associated with achieving the elite performance level either in the total athlete's group as compared with controls (m.16362C, 3.8% vs 9.2%, respectively, P = 0.0025, odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.72), or in the endurance athletes as compared with controls (m.16080G, 2.35% vs 0%, respectively, P = 0.004). Our results indicate that mtDNA variability affects the endurance capacity rather than the power one. We also propose that mtDNA haplogroups and subhaplogroups, as well as individual mtDNA polymorphisms favoring endurance performance, could be population-specific, reflecting complex cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maruszak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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Ridge PG, Maxwell TJ, Corcoran CD, Norton MC, Tschanz JT, O’Brien E, Kerber RA, Cawthon RM, Munger RG, Kauwe JSK. Mitochondrial genomic analysis of late onset Alzheimer's disease reveals protective haplogroups H6A1A/H6A1B: the Cache County Study on Memory in Aging. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45134. [PMID: 23028804 PMCID: PMC3444479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and AD risk clusters within families. Part of the familial aggregation of AD is accounted for by excess maternal vs. paternal inheritance, a pattern consistent with mitochondrial inheritance. The role of specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and haplogroups in AD risk is uncertain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of 1007 participants in the Cache County Study on Memory in Aging, a population-based prospective cohort study of dementia in northern Utah. AD diagnoses were made with a multi-stage protocol that included clinical examination and review by a panel of clinical experts. We used TreeScanning, a statistically robust approach based on haplotype networks, to analyze the mtDNA sequence data. Participants with major mitochondrial haplotypes H6A1A and H6A1B showed a reduced risk of AD (p=0.017, corrected for multiple comparisons). The protective haplotypes were defined by three variants: m.3915G>A, m.4727A>G, and m.9380G>A. These three variants characterize two different major haplogroups. Together m.4727A>G and m.9380G>A define H6A1, and it has been suggested m.3915G>A defines H6A. Additional variants differentiate H6A1A and H6A1B; however, none of these variants had a significant relationship with AD case-control status. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide evidence of a reduced risk of AD for individuals with mtDNA haplotypes H6A1A and H6A1B. These findings are the results of the largest study to date with complete mtDNA genome sequence data, yet the functional significance of the associated haplotypes remains unknown and replication in others studies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Taylor J. Maxwell
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Corcoran
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Norton
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Family Consumer and Human Development, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - JoAnn T. Tschanz
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth O’Brien
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Kerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ronald G. Munger
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - John S. K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Morán M, Moreno-Lastres D, Marín-Buera L, Arenas J, Martín MA, Ugalde C. Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction: implications in neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:595-609. [PMID: 22595027 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades mitochondria have been considered static round-shaped organelles in charge of energy production. In contrast, they are highly dynamic cellular components that undergo continuous cycles of fusion and fission influenced, for instance, by oxidative stress, cellular energy requirements, or the cell cycle state. New important functions beyond energy production have been attributed to mitochondria, such as the regulation of cell survival, because of their role in the modulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and aging. Primary mitochondrial diseases due to mutations in genes involved in these new mitochondrial functions and the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in multifactorial human pathologies such as cancer, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, or diabetes has been demonstrated. Therefore, mitochondria are set at a central point of the equilibrium between health and disease, and a better understanding of mitochondrial functions will open new fields for exploring the roles of these mitochondrial pathways in human pathologies. This review dissects the relationships between activity and assembly defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxidative damage, and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, with special focus on their implications for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Morán
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Raras: Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.
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Japanese Alzheimer's disease and other complex disorders diagnosis based on mitochondrial SNP haplogroups. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:245038. [PMID: 22848858 PMCID: PMC3405642 DOI: 10.1155/2012/245038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper first explains how the relations between Japanese Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and their mitochondrial SNP frequencies at individual mtDNA positions examined using the radial basis function (RBF) network and a method based on RBF network predictions and that Japanese AD patients are associated with the haplogroups G2a and N9b1. It then describes a method for the initial diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease that is based on the mtSNP haplogroups of the AD patients. The method examines the relations between someone's mtDNA mutations and the mtSNPs of AD patients. As the mtSNP haplogroups thus obtained indicate which nucleotides of mtDNA loci are changed in the Alzheimer's patients, a person's probability of becoming an AD patient can be predicted by comparing those mtDNA mutations with that person's mtDNA mutations. The proposed method can also be used to diagnose diseases such as Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes and to identify people likely to become centenarians.
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Swerdlow RH. Mitochondria and cell bioenergetics: increasingly recognized components and a possible etiologic cause of Alzheimer's disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1434-55. [PMID: 21902597 PMCID: PMC3329949 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria and brain bioenergetics are increasingly thought to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT ADVANCES Data that support this view are discussed from the perspective of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which assumes beta-amyloid perturbs mitochondrial function, and from an opposite perspective that assumes mitochondrial dysfunction promotes brain amyloidosis. A detailed review of cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) studies, which argue mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to sporadic AD, is provided. Recent AD endophenotype data that further suggest an mtDNA contribution are also summarized. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Biochemical, molecular, cybrid, biomarker, and clinical data pertinent to the mitochondria-bioenergetics-AD nexus are synthesized and the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, which represents a mitochondria-centric attempt to conceptualize sporadic AD, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Piaceri I, Rinnoci V, Bagnoli S, Failli Y, Sorbi S. Mitochondria and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2012; 322:31-4. [PMID: 22694975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in cerebral metabolism sufficient to impair cognition in normal individuals also occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). FDG PET studies have shown that decreased glucose metabolism in AD precedes clinical diagnosis and the degree of clinical disability in AD correlates closely to the magnitude of the reduction in brain metabolism. This suggests that the clinical deterioration and metabolic impairment in AD are related closely. Diminished metabolism can lead to the hyperphosphorylation of tau and increased production of amyloid beta peptide, hallmarks of AD. These observations suggest also that early mitochondrially therapeutic interventions may be an important target in delaying AD progression in elderly individuals and in treating AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, DENOTHE Excellence Centre, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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Hudson G, Sims R, Harold D, Chapman J, Hollingworth P, Gerrish A, Russo G, Hamshere M, Moskvina V, Jones N, Thomas C, Stretton A, Holmans PA, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Williams J, Chinnery PF. No consistent evidence for association between mtDNA variants and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2012; 78:1038-42. [PMID: 22442439 PMCID: PMC3317529 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31824e8f1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although several studies have described an association between Alzheimer disease (AD) and genetic variation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), each has implicated different mtDNA variants, so the role of mtDNA in the etiology of AD remains uncertain. METHODS We tested 138 mtDNA variants for association with AD in a powerful sample of 4,133 AD case patients and 1,602 matched controls from 3 Caucasian populations. Of the total population, 3,250 case patients and 1,221 elderly controls met the quality control criteria and were included in the analysis. RESULTS In the largest study to date, we failed to replicate the published findings. Meta-analysis of the available data showed no evidence of an association with AD. CONCLUSION The current evidence linking common mtDNA variations with AD is not compelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hudson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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