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Lahra MM, Latham NH, Templeton DJ, Read P, Carmody C, Ryder N, Ellis SE, Madden EF, Parasuraman A, Wells J, Sheppeard V, Armstrong BH, Holland J, Pendle S, Sherry N, Leong L, Papanicolas L, Selvey CE, Van Hal SJ. Investigation and response to an outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y ST-1466 urogenital infections, Australia. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2024; 48. [PMID: 38594793 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2024.48.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Abstract In 2023, an increased number of urogenital and anorectal infections with Neisseria meningitis serogroup Y (MenY) were reported in New South Wales (NSW). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) found a common sequence type (ST-1466), with limited sequence diversity. Confirmed outbreak cases were NSW residents with a N. meningitidis isolate matching the cluster sequence type; probable cases were NSW residents with MenY isolated from a urogenital or anorectal site from 1 July 2023 without WGS testing. Of the 41 cases, most were men (n = 27), of whom six reported recent contact with a female sex worker. Five cases were men who have sex with men and two were female sex workers. Laboratory alerts regarding the outbreak were sent to all Australian jurisdictions through the laboratories in the National Neisseria Network. Two additional states identified urogenital MenY ST-1466 infections detected in late 2023. Genomic analysis showed all MenY ST-1466 sequences were interspersed, suggestive of an Australia-wide outbreak. The incidence of these infections remains unknown, due to varied testing and reporting practices both within and across jurisdictions. Isolates causing invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Australia are typed, and there has been no MenY ST-1466 IMD recorded in Australia to end of March 2024. Concerns remain regarding the risk of IMD, given the similarity of these sequences with a MenY ST-1466 IMD strain causing a concurrent outbreak in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lahra
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for STI and AMR, New South Wales Health Pathology Microbiology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N H Latham
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Public Health Training Program, New South Wales Ministry of Health, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D J Templeton
- Sexual Health Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Read
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Carmody
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Ryder
- Centre for Population Health NSW Health, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S E Ellis
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E F Madden
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Parasuraman
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Wells
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Sheppeard
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B H Armstrong
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Holland
- Laverty Pathology, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Pendle
- Australian Clinical Laboratories, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Sherry
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Leong
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - C E Selvey
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S J Van Hal
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Chemparathy A, Le Guen Y, Chen S, Lee EG, Leong L, Gorzynski JE, Jensen TD, Ferrasse A, Xu G, Xiang H, Belloy ME, Kasireddy N, Peña-Tauber A, Williams K, Stewart I, Talozzi L, Wingo TS, Lah JJ, Jayadev S, Hales CM, Peskind E, Child DD, Roeber S, Keene CD, Cong L, Ashley EA, Yu CE, Greicius MD. APOE loss-of-function variants: Compatible with longevity and associated with resistance to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neuron 2024; 112:1110-1116.e5. [PMID: 38301647 PMCID: PMC10994769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Knockdown of ε4 may provide a therapeutic strategy for AD, but the effect of APOE loss of function (LoF) on AD pathogenesis is unknown. We searched for APOE LoF variants in a large cohort of controls and patients with AD and identified seven heterozygote carriers of APOE LoF variants. Five carriers were controls (aged 71-90 years), one carrier was affected by progressive supranuclear palsy, and one carrier was affected by AD with an unremarkable age at onset of 75 years. Two APOE ε3/ε4 controls carried a stop-gain affecting ε4: one was cognitively normal at 90 years and had no neuritic plaques at autopsy; the other was cognitively healthy at 79 years, and lumbar puncture at 76 years showed normal levels of amyloid. These results suggest that ε4 drives AD risk through the gain of abnormal function and support ε4 knockdown as a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Chemparathy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eun-Gyung Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lesley Leong
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Gorzynski
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tanner D Jensen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Ferrasse
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guangxue Xu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hong Xiang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nandita Kasireddy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrés Peña-Tauber
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kennedy Williams
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ilaria Stewart
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lia Talozzi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel D Child
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Le Cong
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Chemparathy A, Guen YL, Chen S, Lee EG, Leong L, Gorzynski J, Xu G, Belloy M, Kasireddy N, Tauber AP, Williams K, Stewart I, Wingo T, Lah J, Jayadev S, Hales C, Peskind E, Child DD, Keene CD, Cong L, Ashley E, Yu CE, Greicius MD. APOE loss-of-function variants: Compatible with longevity and associated with resistance to Alzheimer's Disease pathology. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.20.23292771. [PMID: 37547016 PMCID: PMC10402217 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.23292771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Knockdown of this allele may provide a therapeutic strategy for AD, but the effect of APOE loss-of-function (LoF) on AD pathogenesis is unknown. We searched for APOE LoF variants in a large cohort of older controls and patients with AD and identified six heterozygote carriers of APOE LoF variants. Five carriers were controls (ages 71-90) and one was an AD case with an unremarkable age-at-onset between 75-79. Two APOE ε3/ε4 controls (Subjects 1 and 2) carried a stop-gain affecting the ε4 allele. Subject 1 was cognitively normal at 90+ and had no neuritic plaques at autopsy. Subject 2 was cognitively healthy within the age range 75-79 and underwent lumbar puncture at between ages 75-79 with normal levels of amyloid. The results provide the strongest human genetics evidence yet available suggesting that ε4 drives AD risk through a gain of abnormal function and support knockdown of APOE ε4 or its protein product as a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Chemparathy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Eun-Gyung Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Lesley Leong
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - John Gorzynski
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Guangxue Xu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nandita Kasireddy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Andrés Peña Tauber
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kennedy Williams
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ilaria Stewart
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Thomas Wingo
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - James Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Chad Hales
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel D Child
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Le Cong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Euan Ashley
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Lee EG, Leong L, Chen S, Tulloch J, Yu CE. APOE Locus-Associated Mitochondrial Function and Its Implication in Alzheimer's Disease and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10440. [PMID: 37445616 PMCID: PMC10341489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus has garnered significant clinical interest because of its association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and longevity. This genetic association appears across multiple genes in the APOE locus. Despite the apparent differences between AD and longevity, both conditions share a commonality of aging-related changes in mitochondrial function. This commonality is likely due to accumulative biological effects partly exerted by the APOE locus. In this study, we investigated changes in mitochondrial structure/function-related markers using oxidative stress-induced human cellular models and postmortem brains (PMBs) from individuals with AD and normal controls. Our results reveal a range of expressional alterations, either upregulated or downregulated, in these genes in response to oxidative stress. In contrast, we consistently observed an upregulation of multiple APOE locus genes in all cellular models and AD PMBs. Additionally, the effects of AD status on mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) varied depending on APOE genotype. Our findings imply a potential coregulation of APOE locus genes possibly occurring within the same topologically associating domain (TAD) of the 3D chromosome conformation. The coordinated expression of APOE locus genes could impact mitochondrial function, contributing to the development of AD or longevity. Our study underscores the significant role of the APOE locus in modulating mitochondrial function and provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD and aging, emphasizing the importance of this locus in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Gyung Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Lesley Leong
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Jessica Tulloch
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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5
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Lee EG, Tulloch J, Chen S, Leong L, Saxton AD, Kraemer B, Darvas M, Keene CD, Shutes-David A, Todd K, Millard S, Yu CE. Redefining transcriptional regulation of the APOE gene and its association with Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227667. [PMID: 31978088 PMCID: PMC6980611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the expression of APOE is not clearly understood. For example, it is unclear whether AD patients have elevated or decreased APOE expression or why the correlation levels of APOE RNA and the ApoE protein differ across studies. Likewise, APOE has a single CpG island (CGI) that overlaps with its 3'-exon, and this CGI's effect is unknown. We previously reported that the APOE CGI is highly methylated in human postmortem brain (PMB) and that this methylation is altered in AD frontal lobe. In this study, we comprehensively characterized APOE RNA transcripts and correlated levels of RNA expression with DNA methylation levels across the APOE CGI. We discovered the presence of APOE circular RNA (circRNA) and found that circRNA and full-length mRNA each constitute approximately one third of the total APOE RNA, with truncated mRNAs likely constituting some of the missing fraction. All APOE RNA species demonstrated significantly higher expression in AD frontal lobe than in control frontal lobe. Furthermore, we observed a negative correlation between the levels of total APOE RNA and DNA methylation at the APOE CGI in the frontal lobe. When stratified by disease status, this correlation was strengthened in controls but not in AD. Our findings suggest a possible modified mechanism of gene action for APOE in AD that involves not only the protein isoforms but also an epigenetically regulated transcriptional program driven by DNA methylation in the APOE CGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Gyung Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Tulloch
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lesley Leong
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Aleen D. Saxton
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Martin Darvas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Shutes-David
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin Todd
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Steve Millard
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Yu CE, Tulloch J, Chen S, Leong L, Todd K, Millard S, Lee EG. P4-089: APOE RNA PRODUCTION IS MODULATED BY DNA METHYLATION NEAR ε2/ε3/ε4 DEFINING SNPS. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-En Yu
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle WA USA
- University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Jessica Tulloch
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle WA USA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle WA USA
| | - Lesley Leong
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle WA USA
| | - Kaitlin Todd
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle WA USA
| | - Steve Millard
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle WA USA
| | - Eun-Gyung Lee
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle WA USA
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Yuan Y, Yost S, Blanchard S, Yin H, Li M, Robinson K, Tang A, Martinez N, Leong L, Somlo G, Tank Patel N, Waisman J, Portnow J, Hurria A, Luu TH, Mortimer J. Abstract P6-18-18: Phase I trial of eribulin and everolimus in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-18-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Alteration of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is the most common genomic abnormality detected in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Everolimus acts synergistically with eribulin in inducing apoptosis in TNBC cell lines and xenografts in our preclinical study. This phase I trial was designed to test the safety and tolerability of combining eribulin and everolimus in patients (pts) with metastatic TNBC.
Methods: The overall objective of this study was to describe the safety and toxicities of the combination. The secondary objective was to assess activity based on response rate (RR) and progression free survival (PFS). Eligibility criteria included pts with metastatic TNBC, ECOG 0-2, 0-3 lines of prior chemotherapy in metastatic setting, and prior treatment with anthracycline and/or taxane therapy. The study utilized the toxicity equivalence range (TEQR) design with a target equivalence range for dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of 0.20-0.35. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) will be the dose closest to the target of 0.25 below 0.51 based on isotonic regression.Three dosing levels of the combinations were tested: level A1 (everolimus 5mg daily; eribulin 1.4 mg/m2 days 1, 8 every 3 weeks), level A2 (everolimus 7.5mg daily; eribulin 1.4 mg/m2, days 1, 8 every 3 weeks), level B1(everolimus 5mg daily; eribulin 1.1 mg/m2 days 1, 8 every 3 weeks). Nanostring RNA analysis and genomic mutation analysis were conducted in 16 pts with available tumor tissue.
Results: A total of 27 pts were enrolled. Median age was 55 years (range 36-76). Two pts were ineligible due to HER2+ on repeat biopsy and were only included in the toxicity analysis. Dose level B1 (everolimus 5mg daily and eribulin 1.1 mg/m2 days 1, 8 every 3 weeks) was determined to be the RP2D doses. The DLTs were neutropenia, stomatitis and hyperglycemia. Across all cycles, 59% (16/27) had a ≥ Gr3 toxicity attributed to treatment at the possible or above level. 44% (12/27) had Gr3 heme-toxicities. The most common toxicities were ≥ Gr3 neutropenia (10 pts), Gr3 lymphopenia (6 pts) and ≥ Gr3 leukopenia (7 pts). 33% (9/27) had Gr3 non-heme toxicities. The most common were Gr3 stomatitis (3 pts), Gr3 hyperglycemia (3 pts) and Gr3 fatigue (5 pts). The median number of cycles completed was 4 (0-8). 68% (17/25) had a dose modification or hold, 14 of 25 (56%) were for eribulin and 15 of 25 (60%) were for everolimus. Of 25 eligible pts, 8 (32%) achieved a best response as partial response, 11 (44%) had stable disease and 6 (24%) had progression. 80% (20/25) experienced progression by RECIST or showed clinical progression, and the median time to progression was 2.7 mo (95% CI (2.2, 4.6)). At the time of this analysis, 16 participants had died, median OS was 6.3 mo (95% CI (5.3, undefined)). Two pts are still being followed on treatment. PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway genes and mutations profiles were studied.
Conclusion: Eribulin 1.1 mg/m2 days 1, 8 and everolimus 5mg daily was defined as the RP2D. Genomic analysis is currently underway to understand the molecular mechanisms of resistance.
Citation Format: Yuan Y, Yost S, Blanchard S, Yin H, Li M, Robinson K, Tang A, Martinez N, Leong L, Somlo G, Tank Patel N, Waisman J, Portnow J, Hurria A, Luu T-H, Mortimer J. Phase I trial of eribulin and everolimus in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-18-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yuan
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - S Yost
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - S Blanchard
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - H Yin
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - M Li
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - K Robinson
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - A Tang
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - N Martinez
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - L Leong
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - G Somlo
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - N Tank Patel
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - J Waisman
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - J Portnow
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - A Hurria
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - T-H Luu
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
| | - J Mortimer
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; OncoGambit, Irvine, CA
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Church N, Leong L, Katterle Y, Ulbrich HF, Noerenberg I, Kitchen S, Michaels LA. Factor VIII activity of BAY 94-9027 is accurately measured with most commonly used assays: Results from an international laboratory study. Haemophilia 2018; 24:823-832. [PMID: 29984531 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Leong
- Bayer, West Coast Innovation Center; San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Kitchen
- Sheffield Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield UK
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Tulloch J, Leong L, Chen S, Keene CD, Millard SP, Shutes-David A, Lopez OL, Kofler J, Kaye JA, Woltjer R, Nelson PT, Neltner JH, Jicha GA, Galasko D, Masliah E, Leverenz JB, Yu CE, Tsuang D. APOE DNA methylation is altered in Lewy body dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:889-894. [PMID: 29544979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inheritance of the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) increases a person's risk of developing both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD), yet the underlying mechanisms behind this risk are incompletely understood. The recent identification of reduced APOE DNA methylation in AD postmortem brains prompted this study to investigate APOE methylation in LBD. METHODS Genomic DNA from postmortem brain tissues (frontal lobe and cerebellum) of neuropathological pure (np) controls and npAD, LBD + AD, and npLBD subjects were bisulfite pyrosequenced. DNA methylation levels of two APOE subregions were then compared for these groups. RESULTS APOE DNA methylation was significantly reduced in npLBD compared with np controls, and methylation levels were lowest in the LBD + AD group. DISCUSSION Given that npLBD and npAD postmortem brains shared a similar reduction in APOE methylation, it is possible that an aberrant epigenetic change in APOE is linked to risk for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tulloch
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Lesley Leong
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven P Millard
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Shutes-David
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julia Kofler
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Randy Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Janna H Neltner
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- National Institutes of Health, Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debby Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Leong L, Chernysh IN, Xu Y, Sim D, Nagaswami C, de Lange Z, Kosolapova S, Cuker A, Kauser K, Weisel JW. Clot stability as a determinant of effective factor VIII replacement in hemophilia A. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2017; 1:231-241. [PMID: 29713693 PMCID: PMC5920517 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Factor VIII (FVIII) replacement is standard of care for patients with hemophilia A (HemA); however, patient response does not always correlate with FVIII levels. We hypothesize this may be in part due to the physical properties of clots and contributions of fibrin, platelets, and erythrocytes, which may be important for hemostasis. Objective To understand how FVIII contributes to effective hemostasis in terms of clot structure and mechanical properties. Patients/Methods In vitro HemA clots in human plasma or whole blood were analyzed using turbidity waveform analysis, confocal microscopy, and rheometry with or without added FVIII. In vivo clots from saphenous vein puncture in wild-type and HemA mice with varying FVIII levels were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results FVIII profoundly affected HemA clot structure and physical properties; added FVIII converted the open and porous fibrin meshwork and low stiffness of HemA clots to a highly branched and dense meshwork with higher stiffness. Platelets and erythrocytes incorporated into clots modulated clot properties. The clots formed in the mouse saphenous vein model contained variable amounts of compressed erythrocytes (polyhedrocytes), fibrin, and platelets depending on the levels of FVIII, correlating with bleeding times. FVIII effects on clot characteristics were dose-dependent and reached a maximum at ~25% FVIII, such that HemA clots formed with this level of FVIII resembled clots from unaffected controls. Conclusions Effective clot formation can be achieved in HemA by replacement therapy, which alters the architecture of the fibrin network and associated cells, thus increasing clot stiffness and decreasing clot permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leong
- Bayer, West Coast Innovation Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I N Chernysh
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Bayer, West Coast Innovation Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Sim
- Bayer, West Coast Innovation Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Nagaswami
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Z de Lange
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - S Kosolapova
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Cuker
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Kauser
- Bayer, West Coast Innovation Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J W Weisel
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Foraker J, Millard SP, Leong L, Thomson Z, Chen S, Keene CD, Bekris LM, Yu CE. The APOE Gene is Differentially Methylated in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:745-55. [PMID: 26402071 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ɛ4 allele of the human apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is a well-proven genetic risk factor for the late onset form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the biological mechanisms through which the ɛ4 allele contributes to disease pathophysiology are incompletely understood. The three common alleles of APOE, ɛ2, ɛ3 and ɛ4, are defined by two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that reside in the coding region of exon 4, which overlaps with a well-defined CpG island (CGI). Both SNPs change not only the protein codon but also the quantity of CpG dinucleotides, primary sites for DNA methylation. Thus, we hypothesize that the presence of an ɛ4 allele changes the DNA methylation landscape of the APOE CGI and that such epigenetic alteration contributes to AD susceptibility. To explore the relationship between APOE genotype, AD risk, and DNA methylation of the APOE CGI, we applied bisulfite pyrosequencing and evaluated methylation profiles of postmortem brain from 15 AD and 10 control subjects. We observed a tissue-specific decrease in DNA methylation with AD and identified two AD-specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which were also associated with APOE genotype. We further demonstrated that one DMR was completely un-methylated in a sub-population of genomes, possibly due to a subset of brain cells carrying deviated APOE methylation profiles. These data suggest that the APOE CGI is differentially methylated in AD brain in a tissue- and APOE-genotype-specific manner. Such epigenetic alteration might contribute to neural cell dysfunction in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Foraker
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven P Millard
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lesley Leong
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary Thomson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Ohio, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Wong ML, Inserra A, Lewis MD, Mastronardi CA, Leong L, Choo J, Kentish S, Xie P, Morrison M, Wesselingh SL, Rogers GB, Licinio J. Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:797-805. [PMID: 27090302 PMCID: PMC4879188 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome is hypothesized to be a key mediator of the response to physiological and psychological stressors, and its dysregulation may be implicated in major depressive disorder. Inflammasome activation causes the maturation of caspase-1 and activation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, two proinflammatory cytokines involved in neuroimmunomodulation, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In this study, C57BL/6 mice with genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1 were screened for anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, and locomotion at baseline and after chronic stress. We found that genetic deficiency of caspase-1 decreased depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, and conversely increased locomotor activity and skills. Caspase-1 deficiency also prevented the exacerbation of depressive-like behaviors following chronic stress. Furthermore, pharmacological caspase-1 antagonism with minocycline ameliorated stress-induced depressive-like behavior in wild-type mice. Interestingly, chronic stress or pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1 per se altered the fecal microbiome in a very similar manner. When stressed mice were treated with minocycline, the observed gut microbiota changes included increase in relative abundance of Akkermansia spp. and Blautia spp., which are compatible with beneficial effects of attenuated inflammation and rebalance of gut microbiota, respectively, and the increment in Lachnospiracea abundance was consistent with microbiota changes of caspase-1 deficiency. Our results suggest that the protective effect of caspase-1 inhibition involves the modulation of the relationship between stress and gut microbiota composition, and establishes the basis for a gut microbiota-inflammasome-brain axis, whereby the gut microbiota via inflammasome signaling modulate pathways that will alter brain function, and affect depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Our data also suggest that further elucidation of the gut microbiota-inflammasome-brain axis may offer novel therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Wong
- Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A Inserra
- Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M D Lewis
- Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C A Mastronardi
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - L Leong
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University School of Medicine and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Choo
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University School of Medicine and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Kentish
- Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferent Research Group, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Morrison
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantine Institute, Wooloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - S L Wesselingh
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University School of Medicine and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G B Rogers
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University School of Medicine and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Licinio
- Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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Marcinkowski E, Luu T, Yuan Y, Mortimer J, Leong L, Portnow J, Xing Q, Wen W, Yim J. Abstract P6-13-17: The combination of eribulin and everolimus results in enhanced suppression of tumors in mouse models of triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p6-13-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with poor overall and relapse free survival. TNBC does not have targeted or matched therapies. Patients have worse outcomes after chemotherapy than with other subtypes of breast cancer. TNBC accounts for 12-17% of all breast cancers, leaving an unmet need for targeted therapy. Efforts to profile these tumors have revealed several potential targets.
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a signal transduction pathway that links growth related hormone receptor interaction to downstream targets such as AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). This pathway targets affect cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Patients with TNBC have high levels of AKT expression and activation of this pathway.
Microtubule-targeting agents have been used in TNBC. Eribulin mesylate is a microtubule-targeting agent with benefits in treating taxane and anthracycline refractory breast cancer via a microtubule targeting anti-mitotic mechanism. It has been approved for the treatment of TNBC in heavily pretreated patients.
Despite targeted therapy, breast cancer cells can grow resistant. Targeting multiple cancer growth pathways has been used in patients that progress on therapy or fail to respond. We hypothesized that targeting both mitotic blockade and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may provide enhanced suppression of TNBC growth in both syngeneic and xenogeneic mouse models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. MDA-MB-468 is a human TNBC cell line. 4T1 is a highly metastatic mouse TNBC cell line derived from a spontaneously arising Balb/c mammary tumor. 4T1 and MDA-MB-468 tumor cells were injected into the mammary fat pad of female Balb/c and NOD/SCID/IL2Rgamma null (NSG) mice (with matrigel) respectively. After tumors were formed Balb/c mice were treated three times per week with vehicle, eribulin (0.75 mg/kg i.v.), RAD001 (5 mg/kg via oral gavage) or a combination of both. NSG mice were treated three times per week with vehicle, eribulin (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), RAD001 (5 mg/kg by oral gavage), or a combination of both. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured. Student t-test was used to compare the means of two groups and determine the p value (p<0.05 is significant). N=3-8 per group.
Table I. 4T1 mouse breast cancer modelTreatmentTumor Volume (mm3)+/-SEMVehicle511.6+/-56.82Eribulin445.6+/-92.17Everolimus324.9+/-24.55Combination171.4+/-16.07 p valueCombination vs. Vehicle0.0001Combination vs. Eribulin0.01Combination vs. Everolimus0.001
Table II. MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells in immune deficient mice.TreatmentTumor Volume (mm3)+/-SEMVehicle966.8+/-69.2Eribulin67.81+/-11.79Everolimus830.6+/-156.3Combination31.37+/-3.37 p valueCombination vs. Eribulin0.041Combination vs. Everolimus0.0076
RESULTS. In the 4T1 syngeneic breast cancer mouse model, the combination of Eribulin and Everolimus resulted in marked suppression of tumor growth which was statistically significant versus vehicle treatment alone, or Eribulin or Everolimus alone (Table I). In the MDA-MB-468 model, the combination of Eribulin and Everolimus demonstrated marked suppression of tumor growth which was statistically significant compared to either agent alone (Table II).
Citation Format: Marcinkowski E, Luu T, Yuan Y, Mortimer J, Leong L, Portnow J, Xing Q, Wen W, Yim J. The combination of eribulin and everolimus results in enhanced suppression of tumors in mouse models of triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-13-17.
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14
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Van Wyngarden AL, Pérez-Montaño S, Bui JVH, Li ESW, Nelson TE, Ha KT, Leong L, Iraci LT. Complex chemical composition of colored surface films formed from reactions of propanal in sulfuric acid at upper troposphere/lower stratosphere aerosol acidities. Atmos Chem Phys 2015; 15:4225-4239. [PMID: 27212937 PMCID: PMC4874526 DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-4225-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Particles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) consist mostly of concentrated sulfuric acid (40-80 wt %) in water. However, airborne measurements have shown that these particles also contain a significant fraction of organic compounds of unknown chemical composition. Acid-catalyzed reactions of carbonyl species are believed to be responsible for significant transfer of gas phase organic species into tropospheric aerosols and are potentially more important at the high acidities characteristic of UT/LS particles. In this study, experiments combining sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with propanal and with mixtures of propanal with glyoxal and/or methylglyoxal at acidities typical of UT/LS aerosols produced highly colored surface films (and solutions) that may have implications for aerosol properties. In order to identify the chemical processes responsible for the formation of the surface films, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were used to analyze the chemical composition of the films. Films formed from propanal were a complex mixture of aldol condensation products, acetals and propanal itself. The major aldol condensation products were the dimer (2-methyl-2-pentenal) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene that was formed by cyclization of the linear aldol condensation trimer. Additionally, the strong visible absorption of the films indicates that higher-order aldol condensation products must also be present as minor species. The major acetal species were 2,4,6-triethyl-1,3,5-trioxane and longer-chain linear polyacetals which are likely to separate from the aqueous phase. Films formed on mixtures of propanal with glyoxal and/or methylglyoxal also showed evidence of products of cross-reactions. Since cross-reactions would be more likely than self-reactions under atmospheric conditions, similar reactions of aldehydes like propanal with common aerosol organic species like glyoxal and methylglyoxal have the potential to produce significant organic aerosol mass and therefore could potentially impact chemical, optical and/or cloud-forming properties of aerosols, especially if the products partition to the aerosol surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Pérez-Montaño
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - J. V. H. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - E. S. W. Li
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - T. E. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - K. T. Ha
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - L. Leong
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - L. T. Iraci
- Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
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15
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Cristea M, Rivkin S, Lim D, Chung V, Chao J, Wakabayashi M, Paz B, Han E, Lin P, Leong L, Hakim A, Frankel P, Synold T, Carroll M, Openshaw H, Prakash N, Dellinger T, Park M, Morgan R. Phase I Trial of Intraperitoneal Nab-Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Advanced Malignancies Primarily Confined to the Peritoneal Cavity. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu331.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Gu JM, Ramsey P, Evans V, Tang L, Apeler H, Leong L, Murphy JE, Laux V, Myles T. Evaluation of the activated partial thromboplastin time assay for clinical monitoring of PEGylated recombinant factor VIII (BAY 94-9027) for haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2014; 20:593-600. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J-M. Gu
- Hematology Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
| | - P. Ramsey
- Hematology Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
| | - V. Evans
- Hematology Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
| | - L. Tang
- Biological Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
| | - H. Apeler
- Biological Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
| | - L. Leong
- Hematology Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
| | - J. E. Murphy
- Biological Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
| | - V. Laux
- Hematology Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
| | - T. Myles
- Hematology Research; US Innovation Center; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco CA USA
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17
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Yu CE, Cudaback E, Foraker J, Thomson Z, Leong L, Lutz F, Gill JA, Saxton A, Kraemer B, Navas P, Keene CD, Montine T, Bekris LM. Epigenetic signature and enhancer activity of the human APOE gene. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:5036-47. [PMID: 23892237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene plays an important role in lipid metabolism. It has three common genetic variants, alleles ε2/ε3/ε4, which translate into three protein isoforms of apoE2, E3 and E4. These isoforms can differentially influence total serum cholesterol levels; therefore, APOE has been linked with cardiovascular disease. Additionally, its ε4 allele is strongly associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas the ε2 allele appears to have a modest protective effect for AD. Despite decades of research having illuminated multiple functional differences among the three apoE isoforms, the precise mechanisms through which different APOE alleles modify diseases risk remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the genomic structure of APOE in search for properties that may contribute novel biological consequences to the risk of disease. We identify one such element in the ε2/ε3/ε4 allele-carrying 3'-exon of APOE. We show that this exon is imbedded in a well-defined CpG island (CGI) that is highly methylated in the human postmortem brain. We demonstrate that this APOE CGI exhibits transcriptional enhancer/silencer activity. We provide evidence that this APOE CGI differentially modulates expression of genes at the APOE locus in a cell type-, DNA methylation- and ε2/ε3/ε4 allele-specific manner. These findings implicate a novel functional role for a 3'-exon CGI and support a modified mechanism of action for APOE in disease risk, involving not only the protein isoforms but also an epigenetically regulated transcriptional program at the APOE locus driven by the APOE CGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
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Yu C, Bekris L, Thomson Z, Leong L, Lutz F, Cudaback E, Foraker J. O5–01–03: Epigenetic signature of the human APOE gene: Implications in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.04.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐En Yu
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington United States
| | - Lynn Bekris
- University of Washington Seattle Washington United States
| | - Zachary Thomson
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington United States
| | - Lesley Leong
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington United States
| | - Franziska Lutz
- University of Washington Seattle Washington United States
| | - Eiron Cudaback
- University of Washington Seattle Washington United States
| | - Jessica Foraker
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington United States
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19
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20
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Tang L, Leong L, Sim D, Ho E, Gu JM, Schneider D, Feldman RI, Monteclaro F, Jiang H, Murphy JE. von Willebrand factor contributes to longer half-life of PEGylated factor VIIIin vivo. Haemophilia 2013; 19:539-45. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Tang
- Biologics Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - L. Leong
- Hematology Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - D. Sim
- Hematology Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - E. Ho
- Biologics Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - J.-M. Gu
- Hematology Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - D. Schneider
- Biologics Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - R. I. Feldman
- Biologics Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - F. Monteclaro
- Biologics Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - H. Jiang
- Hematology Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
| | - J. E. Murphy
- Biologics Research; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; San Francisco; CA; USA
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Li G, Bekris LM, Leong L, Steinbart EJ, Shofer JB, Crane PK, Larson EB, Peskind ER, Bird TD, Yu CE. TOMM40 intron 6 poly-T length, age at onset, and neuropathology of AD in individuals with APOE ε3/ε3. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [PMID: 23183136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the association between TOMM40 poly-T length, age at onset, and neuropathology in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε3/ε3 allele. METHODS Thirty-two presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutation carriers with AD, 27 presenilin 2 (PSEN2) mutation carriers with AD, 59 participants with late-onset AD (LOAD), and 168 autopsied subjects from a community-based cohort were genotyped for TOMM40 intron 6 poly-T (rs10524523) length using short tandem repeat assays. RESULTS Among AD individuals with PSEN2 mutations, the presence of a long poly-T was associated with an earlier age at onset, whereas there were no such associations for subjects with PSEN1 mutations or LOAD. In community-based participants, the presence of a long poly-T was associated with increased neuritic tangles and a greater likelihood of pathologically diagnosed AD. CONCLUSION TOMM40 intron 6 poly-T length may explain some of the variation in age at onset in PSEN2 familial AD and may be associated with AD neuropathology in persons with APOE ε3/ε3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Kim S, Millard SP, Yu CE, Leong L, Radant A, Dobie D, Tsuang DW, Wijsman EM. Inheritance model introduces differential bias in CNV calls between parents and offspring. Genet Epidemiol 2012; 36:488-98. [PMID: 22628073 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Copy Number Variation (CNV) is increasingly implicated in disease pathogenesis. CNVs are often identified by statistical models applied to data from single nucleotide polymorphism panels. Family information for samples provides additional information for CNV inference. Two modes of PennCNV (the Joint-call and Posterior-call), which are some of the most well-developed family-based CNV calling methods, use a "Joint-model" as a main component. This models all family members' CNV states together with Mendelian inheritance. Methods based on the Joint-model are used to infer CNV calls of cases and controls in a pedigree, which may be compared to each other to test an association. Although benefits from the Joint-model have been shown elsewhere, equality of call rates in parents and offspring has not been evaluated previously. This can affect downstream analyses in studies that compare CNV rates in cases vs. controls in pedigrees. In this paper, we show that the Joint-model can introduce different CNV call rates among family members in the absence of a true difference. We show that the Joint-model may analytically introduce differential CNV calls because of asymmetry of the model. We demonstrate these differential call rates using single-marker simulations. We show that call rates using the two modes of PennCNV also differ between parents and offspring in one multimarker simulated dataset and two real datasets. Our results advise need for caution in use of the Joint-model calls in CNV association studies with family-based datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulgi Kim
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7720, USA
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23
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VanderWalde A, Ye W, Frankel P, Asuncion D, Leong L, Luu T, Morgan R, Twardowski P, Koczywas M, Pezner R, Paz IB, Margolin K, Wong J, Doroshow JH, Forman S, Shibata S, Somlo G. Long-term survival after high-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral stem cell rescue for high-risk, locally advanced/inflammatory, and metastatic breast cancer. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:1273-80. [PMID: 22306735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with high-risk locally advanced/inflammatory and oligometastatic (≤3 sites) breast cancer frequently relapse or experience early progression. High-dose chemotherapy combined with peripheral stem cell rescue may prolong progression-free survival/relapse-free survival (PFS/RFS) and overall survival (OS). In this study, patients initiated high-dose chemotherapy with STAMP-V (carboplatin, thiotepa, and cyclophosphamide), ACT (doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide), or tandem melphalan and STAMP-V. Eighty-six patients were diagnosed with locally advanced/inflammatory (17 inflammatory) breast cancer, and 12 were diagnosed with oligometastatic breast cancer. Median follow-up was 84 months (range, 6-136 months) for patients with locally advanced cancer and 40 months (range, 24-62 months) for those with metastatic cancer. In the patients with locally advanced cancer, 5-year RFS and OS were 53% (95% CI, 41%-63%) and 71% (95% CI, 60%-80%), respectively, hormone receptors were positive in 74%, and HER2 overexpression was seen in 23%. In multivariate analysis, hormone receptor-positive disease and lower stage were associated with better 5-year RFS (60% for ER [estrogen receptor]/PR [progesterone receptor]-positive versus 30% for ER/PR-negative; P < .01) and OS (83% for ER/PR-positive versus 38% for ER/PR-negative; P < .001). In the patients with metastatic cancer, 3-year PFS and OS were 49% (95% CI, 19%-73%) and 73% (95% CI, 38%-91%), respectively. The favorable long-term RFS/PFS and OS for high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell rescue in this selected patient population reflect the relative safety of the procedure and warrant validation in defined subgroups through prospective, randomized, multi-institutional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A VanderWalde
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte,CA 91010, USA
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Saran T, Perkins G, Javed M, Annam V, Leong L, Gao F, Stedman R. Reply from the authors. Br J Anaesth 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Somlo G, Martel CL, Lau SK, Frankel P, Ruel C, Gu L, Hurria A, Chung C, Luu T, Morgan R, Leong L, Koczywas M, McNamara M, Russell CA, Kane SE. A phase I/II prospective, single arm trial of gefitinib, trastuzumab, and docetaxel in patients with stage IV HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 131:899-906. [PMID: 22042372 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the HER-2 pathway via the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has had a major impact in treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer, but de novo or acquired resistance may reduce its effectiveness. The known interplay between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER-2 receptors and pathways creates a rationale for combined anti-EGFR and anti-HER-2 therapy in HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and toxicities associated with the use of multiple chemotherapeutic agents together with biological therapies may also be reduced. We conducted a prospective, single arm, phase I/II trial to determine the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of trastuzumab with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib and docetaxel, in patients with HER-2 positive MBC. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined in the phase I portion. The primary end point of the phase II portion was progression-free survival (PFS). Immunohistochemical analysis of biomarker expression of the PKA-related proteins cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), phospho-CREB and DARPP-32 (dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa) plus t-DARPP (the truncated isoform of DARPP-32); PTEN; p-p70 S6K; and EGFR was conducted on tissue from metastatic sites. Nine patients were treated in the phase I portion of the study and 22 in the phase II portion. The MTD was gefitinib 250 mg on days 2-14, trastuzumab 6 mg/kg, and docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) every 21 days. For the 29 patients treated at the MTD, median PFS was 12.7 months, with complete and partial response rates of 18 and 46%, and a stable disease rate of 29%. No statistically significant correlation was found between response and expression of any biomarkers. We conclude that the combination of gefitinib, trastuzumab, and docetaxel is feasible and effective. Expression of the biomarkers examined did not predict outcome in this sample of HER-2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, California, 91010, USA,
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26
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Portnow J, Frankel P, Koehler S, Twardowski P, Shibata S, Martel C, Morgan R, Cristea M, Chow W, Lim D, Chung V, Reckamp K, Leong L, Synold TW. A phase I study of bortezomib and temozolomide in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:505-14. [PMID: 21850464 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of the combination of bortezomib and temozolomide in patients with solid tumors. The secondary objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of bortezomib with and without concurrent hepatic enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (HEIAs). METHODS Bortezomib was administered on days 2, 5, 9, and 12; temozolomide on days 1-5 of a 28-day cycle. Dose escalation proceeded using a standard 3+3 design. Patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors were eligible and were stratified based on whether they were taking HEIAs or not. RESULTS Of the 25 patients enrolled, 22 were not taking HEIAs. MTDs were only given to patients not receiving HEIAs. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) consisted of grade-3 constipation, hyponatremia, fatigue, elevated hepatic enzymes, and grade-4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, constipation, and abdominal pain. Stable disease (>8 weeks) was observed in 5 patients. Bortezomib systemic clearance (CL(sys)) on day 9 was 51% of the CL(sys) on day 2 (P < 0.01) Similarly, the normalized area under the concentration-time curve (norm AUC) on day 9 was 1.9 times the norm AUC on day 2 (P < 0.01). The median bortezomib CL(sys) on days 2 and 9 was significantly higher (P < 0.04) in patients taking HEIAs, and the median norm AUC was correspondingly lower (P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The MTDs for the combination of bortezomib and temozolomide in patients not taking HEIAs are 1.3 and 200 mg/m(2), respectively. The rate of bortezomib elimination in patients taking HEIAs was increased twofold. Additional trials are needed to better define the optimal dosing in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91030, USA.
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Saran T, Perkins GD, Javed MA, Annam V, Leong L, Gao F, Stedman R. Does the prophylactic administration of magnesium sulphate to patients undergoing thoracotomy prevent postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias? A randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:785-91. [PMID: 21558066 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA) are common after thoracic surgery and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of perioperative magnesium on the development of postoperative SVA. METHODS Two hundred patients undergoing thoracotomy for lobectomy, bi-lobectomy, pneumonectomy, or oesophagectomy were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. The treatment group received magnesium (5 g daily) intraoperatively, and on days 1 and 2 after operation, the control group received placebo. The primary outcome of the study was the development of SVA within the first 5 days after operation. RESULTS There were 100 patients in each arm of the study, with one withdrawal and three lost to follow-up in the treatment group and four withdrawals in the control group. Ninety-six patients received magnesium and 96 received placebo. There was no difference in the incidence of SVA between the treatment and control groups, 16.7% (16/96) vs 25% (24/96), P=0.16. In the predefined subgroup analysis, patients at highest risk of arrhythmias (those undergoing pneumonectomy) had a significant reduction in the frequency of SVA, 11.1% (2/18) vs 52.9% (9/17), P=0.008. There were no differences in hospital length of stay or mortality. Patients receiving i.v. magnesium experienced a higher frequency of minor side-effects (stinging at injection site). The treatment was otherwise well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Overall, prophylactic magnesium did not reduce the incidence of SVA in patients undergoing thoracotomy. However, it reduced the incidence of SVA in the high-risk cohort of patients undergoing pneumonectomy. (ISRCTN22028180.).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saran
- Academic Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK.
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28
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Leong L, Ninnis J, Slatkin N, Rhiner M, Schroeder L, Pritt B, Kagan J, Ball T, Morgan R. Evaluating the impact of pain management (PM) education on physician practice patterns--a continuing medical education (CME) outcomes study. J Cancer Educ 2010; 25:224-228. [PMID: 20204577 PMCID: PMC3751402 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-010-0040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
California Assembly Bill AB487 mandates that all practicing physicians are required to obtain 12 h of Continuing Medical Education in Pain Management and End of Life Care before the year 2006 in order to renew their state license to practice medicine. In order to determine the effectiveness of this bill in influencing the practice of medicine, we conducted the first of five planned annual Pain Management seminars and utilized physician questionnaires to determine possible practice changes as a result of this seminar. Eighty-one physicians representing 17 multiple specialties of medicine enrolled in this seminar. The topics included: management of malignant and non-malignant pain, pharmacology and management of side effects of opiate and non-opiate analgesics, and adjunctive therapies including depression management and spirituality issues. Physicians were asked to respond to an immediate post-seminar questionnaire and were subsequently queried 4 months following the conference. Fifty-one out of 81 physician registrants responded to an immediate post-attendance questionnaire, and 31 responded to the 4-month follow-up questionnaire. Responses included: [Please see text]. This audience represents the most motivated group of practitioners electing to receive Pain Management Education long before the mandated deadline. Sixty-seven percent expressed an interest in changing their practice following this intensive educational experience. Ninety percent responding to the follow-up evaluation indicated that their practices had changed, suggesting that this seminar series is effective in altering physician practice patterns (supported by Cancer Center Support Grant CA 33572 and Sarnat Foundation).
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Leong
- Department of Continuing Medical Education, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA. Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - J. Ninnis
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - N. Slatkin
- Department of Supportive Care Services, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - M. Rhiner
- Department of Supportive Care Services, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - L. Schroeder
- Department of Continuing Medical Education, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - B. Pritt
- Department of Continuing Medical Education, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - J. Kagan
- Department of Continuing Medical Education, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - T. Ball
- Department of Continuing Medical Education, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - R. Morgan
- Department of Continuing Medical Education, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA. Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Chung VM, Ruel C, Cristea M, Luu TH, Leong L, McNamara M, Martel C, Lim D, Twardowski P, Morgan RJ. Randomized pilot trial of oral cyclophosphamide versus oral cyclophosphamide with celecoxib for recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer: preliminary data. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.16555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Detection of microcalcifications is important in detecting early breast cancer. We present a case of screening mammogram in which calamine lotion mimics intramammary calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Suen
- Department of Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Luu TH, Leong L, Morgan R, McNamara M, Lim D, Portnow J, Frankel P, Aparicio A, Chew H, Gandara DR, Somlo G. Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) as salvage therapy in metastatic breast cancer (MBC): A California Cancer Consortium phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.11502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11502 Background: MBC patients (pts) have a median survival of 27 mo. Vorinostat is a small molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase that exerts its targeted action during post-translational acetylation of core nucleosomal histones, affecting chromatin structure, thereby regulating genes implicated in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The primary end point was to evaluate the response rate. Secondary endpoints included: time to progression, overall survival, toxicity, and assessment of biologic correlates. Method: From 6/05 to 3/06, we enrolled 14 pts with measurable MBC. Response and progression were evaluated using RECIST criteria. Two pts had no, 5 pts had one, and 7 pts had two prior regimens. Median age was 60.5 years (37- 89). Six were ER/PR positive, four were Her2neu overexpressers. Sites of metastatic disease included brain (1), liver, lungs, and bone (5), pelvic and chest wall (1), liver and bone (2), distant lymph nodes (3), pleura and bone (1). Pts received Vorinostat 200mg oral twice daily for 14 of 21 days per cycle. Tumor measurements were performed after every 2 cycles. Biopsies (pre and on-treatment) were collected from 6 of 14 pts. Results: The mean cycles delivered was 5 (range: 1–18). Four pts had SD for a median of >8.7 mo (4–13 mo); 1 pt with ER/PR/Her2neu negative tumor who received no prior treatment for MBC to mediastinal nodes and chest wall continues to receive treatment having completed cycle 18 with stable disease for >11.4 mo. The median duration on treatment for all pts is 3.2 mo (1–12 mo). Toxicities included gr 3 fatigue (1), gr 2–3 diarrhea (3), gr 2–3 nausea (2), gr 2 mucositis(1), gr 4 lymphopenia (1), gr 2–3 lymphopenia (6). Correlative studies of pre- and on-treatment tumor samples will be presented describing gene expression profiling using custom Agilent oligonucleotide microarrays optimized for analysis of RNA isolated from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues (FFPET). Conclusion: In this trial Vorinostat demonstrated disease stabilization rate in 4/14 (29%) pts by intention to treat analysis. With ease of administration, further investigation in combination with other agents is warranted. (NCI-NO1-CM- 62209) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. H. Luu
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - L. Leong
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - R. Morgan
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - M. McNamara
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - D. Lim
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - J. Portnow
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - P. Frankel
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - A. Aparicio
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - H. Chew
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - D. R. Gandara
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - G. Somlo
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; USC/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
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Morgan RJ, Synold TW, Gandara D, Muggia F, Scudder S, Reed E, Margolin K, Raschko J, Leong L, Shibata S, Tetef M, Vasilev S, McGonigle K, Longmate J, Yen Y, Chow W, Somlo G, Carroll M, Doroshow JH. Phase II trial of carboplatin and infusional cyclosporine with alpha-interferon in recurrent ovarian cancer: a California Cancer Consortium Trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:373-8. [PMID: 17362315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the response rate of 26-h continuous infusion cyclosporine A (CSA) combined with carboplatin (CBDCA) and subcutaneous alpha-interferon (IFN), in recurrent ovarian cancer (OC), and to measure their effects on CBDCA pharmacokinetics. OC patients relapsing following platinum-based chemotherapy received CBDCA area under the curve (AUC 3) with CSA and IFN, every 3 weeks. The pharmacokinetics of CSA and CBDCA were determined in a subset of patients. Thirty patients received 84 courses of therapy. Three partial responses were observed. Nine patients were stable for >4 months. Toxicity was similar to that observed in our previously reported phase I study and consisted of myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, and headache. The mean end of infusion CSA level (high-performance liquid chromatographic assay [HPLC]) was 1109 +/- 291 microg/mL (mean +/- SD). CBDCA pharmacokinetics revealed a measured AUC of 3.61 versus a targeted AUC of 3, suggesting a possible effect of IFN on CBDCA levels versus errors in the estimation of CBDCA clearance using measured creatinine clearance. Steady-state levels of >1 microg/mL CSA (HPLC assay) are achievable in vivo. Insufficient clinical resistance reversal was observed in this study to warrant further investigation of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Morgan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Schellenberg GD, Dawson G, Sung YJ, Estes A, Munson J, Rosenthal E, Rothstein J, Flodman P, Smith M, Coon H, Leong L, Yu CE, Stodgell C, Rodier PM, Spence MA, Minshew N, McMahon WM, Wijsman EM. Evidence for multiple loci from a genome scan of autism kindreds. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:1049-60, 979. [PMID: 16880825 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide linkage scan using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. To minimize genetic heterogeneity, we focused on sibpairs meeting the strict diagnosis of autism. In our primary analyses, we observed a strong linkage signal (P=0.0006, 133.16 cM) on chromosome 7q at a location coincident with other linkage studies. When a more relaxed diagnostic criteria was used, linkage evidence at this location was weaker (P=0.01). The sample was stratified into families with only male affected subjects (MO) and families with at least one female affected subject (FC). The strongest signal unique to the MO group was on chromosome 11 (P=0.0009, 83.82 cM), and for the FC group on chromosome 4 (P=0.002, 111.41 cM). We also divided the sample into regression positive and regression negative families. The regression-positive group showed modest linkage signals on chromosomes 10 (P=0.003, 0 cM) and 14 (P=0.005, 104.2 cM). More significant peaks were seen in the regression negative group on chromosomes 3 (P=0.0002, 140.06 cM) and 4 (P=0.0005, 111.41 cM). Finally, we used language acquisition data as a quantitative trait in our linkage analysis and observed a chromosome 9 signal (149.01 cM) of P=0.00006 and an empirical P-value of 0.0008 at the same location. Our work provides strong conformation for an autism locus on 7q and suggestive evidence for several other chromosomal locations. Diagnostic specificity and detailed analysis of the autism phenotype is critical for identifying autism loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Schellenberg
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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Hawkins RC, Leong L. Should high sensitive C-reactive protein measurement be included in health screening packages? Singapore Med J 2006; 47:837-40. [PMID: 16990957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have endorsed the optional use of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) to identify patients without known coronary heart disease but who may be at higher absolute risk than estimated by major risk factors. This study assessed the potential value of hsCRP measurement in addition to routine lipid and risk factor assessment on patient management for individuals undergoing multiphasic health screening. METHODS hsCRP was measured on fasting lipid samples on patients attending the Health Enrichment Clinic at Tan Tock Seng Hospital between January and April 2004. These results were then compared with the outcome of individual patient risk assessment (using the 2001 Singapore Ministry of Heath Clinical Practice Guidelines on Lipids), the patient's lipid results and whether the patient was already on anti-lipid treatment. RESULTS 212 samples were analysed for hsCRP. Seven patients were already on anti-lipid drugs. Using the AHA/CDC guidelines, hsCRP measurement would be of value in deciding management in 12.7 percent of all patients. Of this group, 11 percent had hsCRP concentrations in the high risk category. Restricting hsCRP measurement to only those patients with two or more cardiac risk factors and not on anti-lipid drugs would increase the proportion of patients where hsCRP could be useful in deciding management, to 81.8 percent. CONCLUSION For clinicians prepared to consider treatment in patients with elevated hsCRP levels, hsCRP measurement should be included as part of health screening packages to selected patients based on individual cardiac risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Hawkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
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Shibata S, Lim D, Yen Y, Koczywas M, Morgan R, Leong L, Somlo G, Margolin K, Ruel C, Doroshow J. Phase II study of hydroxyurea and gemcitabine in recurrent or persistent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.15524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
15524 Background: Preclinical studies demonstrate increased activity when hydroxyurea (HU) is given prior to gemcitabine (G). Clinical feasibility was demonstrated in a phase I trial (Yen, et. al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2002 ). We performed a phase II trial treating patients (pts) with squamous cell head and neck cancers (SCCHN). Methods: Pts had metastatic or incurable locally recurrent SCCHN. Prior chemotherapy was allowed, but not required. Serum creatinine ≤2.0 mg/dl, bilirubin <3.0 gm/dl, AST/ALT <5× ULN and KPS ≥60% were required. HU 500 mg orally every 6 hours for 4 doses was given on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. On day 2, 6 hours after HU, G 750 mg/m2 was given over 30 minutes. This sequence was repeated on day 8 and 9. After 8 pts, G was given at 500 mg/m2. G-CSF was given on day 10 and until the WBC count was >10k/μl. The primary endpoint was response rate (RR), with an early stopping rule for <3 objective responders among the first 18 pts. Results: 22 pts (17 M) were accrued, 16 with prior chemotherapy and 19 with prior radiation. The first 8 pts received G 750 mg/m2. Two pts died of neutropenic fever (NF) during course 1. Subsequently 14 pts received G 500 mg/m2. 18 pts were evaluable for response, with 1 still in follow-up. Partial response was seen in 1 pt, stable disease in 9, and progressive disease in 8. The overall median survival of the 22 pts was 6 months and the median progression free survival (PFS) was 2 months. The primary toxicity was hematologic. Grade 4 neutropenia was seen in 7/22 pts during the 1st cycle (5 at G 750 mg/m2) with 5 cases of NF. Grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 1 pt at G 750 mg/m2. Conclusions: The RR and PFS of treated pts treated were not promising and further accrual is not planned. Analysis of biopsy materials is planned to see if responsive pts can be selected. (Supported by NCI Grant CA33572). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shibata
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - D. Lim
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Y. Yen
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - M. Koczywas
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - R. Morgan
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - L. Leong
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - G. Somlo
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - K. Margolin
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - C. Ruel
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - J. Doroshow
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Faraone SV, Skol AD, Tsuang DW, Young KA, Haverstock SL, Prabhudesai S, Mena F, Menon AS, Leong L, Sautter F, Baldwin C, Bingham S, Weiss D, Collins J, Keith T, Vanden Eng JL, Boehnke M, Tsuang MT, Schellenberg GD. Genome scan of schizophrenia families in a large Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study sample: evidence for linkage to 18p11.32 and for racial heterogeneity on chromosomes 6 and 14. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 139B:91-100. [PMID: 16152571 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide linkage analyses of schizophrenia have identified several regions that may harbor schizophrenia susceptibility genes but, given the complex etiology of the disorder, it is unlikely that all susceptibility regions have been detected. We report results from a genome scan of 166 schizophrenia families collected through the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program. Our definition of affection status included schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, depressed type and we defined families as European American (EA) and African American (AA) based on the probands' and parents' races based on data collected by interviewing the probands. We also assessed evidence for racial heterogeneity in the regions most suggestive of linkage. The maximum LOD score across the genome was 2.96 for chromosome 18, at 0.5 cM in the combined race sample. Both racial groups showed LOD scores greater than 1.0 for chromosome 18. The empirical P-value associated with that LOD score is 0.04 assuming a single genome scan for the combined sample with race narrowly defined, and 0.06 for the combined sample allowing for broad and narrow definitions of race. The empirical P-value of observing a LOD score as large as 2.96 in the combined sample, and of at least 1.0 in each racial group, allowing for narrow and broad racial definitions, is 0.04. Evidence for the second and third largest linkage signals come solely from the AA sample on chromosomes 6 (LOD = 2.11 at 33.2 cM) and 14 (LOD = 2.13 at 51.0). The linkage evidence differed between the AA and EA samples (chromosome 6 P-value = 0.007 and chromosome 14 P-value = 0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Faraone
- Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Twardowski P, Chow W, Koczywas M, Leong L, Lim D, Margolin K, Morgan R, Ruel C, Shibata S, Synold T, Doroshow J. Phase I trial of oral cyclophosphamide in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Chow
- City of Hope Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | | | - L. Leong
- City of Hope Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | - D. Lim
- City of Hope Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - C. Ruel
- City of Hope Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
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Luu TH, Twardowski P, Leong L, Lim D, Morgan R, McNamara M, Portnow J, Ruel C, Shibata S, Synold T, Doroshow J. Phase I trial of oral etoposide in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. H. Luu
- City of Hope Natl Medcl Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | | | - L. Leong
- City of Hope Natl Medcl Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | - D. Lim
- City of Hope Natl Medcl Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | - R. Morgan
- City of Hope Natl Medcl Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - C. Ruel
- City of Hope Natl Medcl Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | | | - T. Synold
- City of Hope Natl Medcl Ctr, Duarte, CA
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Shibata S, Yen Y, Doroshow J, Leong L, Wagman L, Marx H, Clarke K, Frankel P, Lenz H, Gandara D. Phase II study of oxaliplatin in patients with unresectable, metastatic or recurrent hepatocellular cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shibata
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Y. Yen
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - J. Doroshow
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - L. Leong
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - L. Wagman
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - H. Marx
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - K. Clarke
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - P. Frankel
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - H. Lenz
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - D. Gandara
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA; NIH, Washington DC; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
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Valdes F, Doroshow JH, Chow W, Leong L, Margolin K, Morgan R, Twardowski P, Al-Kadhimi Z, Frankel P, Somlo G. Tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and peripheral stem cell rescue (PSCR) in patients (pts) with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS), Ewing’s/PNET (ES) and rhabdomyosarcoma (Rhabdo). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Valdes
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | | | - W. Chow
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | - L. Leong
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | | | - R. Morgan
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - P. Frankel
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
| | - G. Somlo
- City of Hope Natl Cancer Ctr, Duarte, CA
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Yen Y, Doroshow J, Leong L, Lim D, Wagman L, Morgan R, Frankel P, Lenz H, Gandara D, Shibata S. Phase II study of oxaliplatin in patients with unresectable, metastatic or recurrent hepatocellular cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yen
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - J. Doroshow
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - L. Leong
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - D. Lim
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - L. Wagman
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - R. Morgan
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - P. Frankel
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - H. Lenz
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - D. Gandara
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - S. Shibata
- City of Hope Comprensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; USC, Los Angeles, CA; UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
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Rubin EH, Doroshow J, Hidalgo M, Wojtowicz M, Leong L, Donehower R, Bai S, Mauro D. A study to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single infusion of cetuximab (IMC-C225). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. H. Rubin
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; City of Hope Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA; Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - J. Doroshow
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; City of Hope Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA; Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - M. Hidalgo
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; City of Hope Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA; Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - M. Wojtowicz
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; City of Hope Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA; Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - L. Leong
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; City of Hope Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA; Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - R. Donehower
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; City of Hope Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA; Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - S. Bai
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; City of Hope Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA; Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - D. Mauro
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; City of Hope Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA; Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
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Wong WC, Cheng PW, Chan FL, Leong L. Improved diagnosis of a temporal lobe abscess in a post-irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Radiol 2002; 57:1040-3. [PMID: 12409118 DOI: 10.1053/crad.2002.0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Wong
- Department of Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
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Leong L, Thng P. A deceptive cervical lymph node: a solitary spinal osteochondroma. Ann Acad Med Singap 2002; 31:611-3. [PMID: 12395647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteochondroma of the cervical spine is an uncommon bony tumour. CLINICAL PICTURE We present a case which was misdiagnosed as a posterior cervical lymph node. The patient presented with a tender neck lump and was seen by two surgical departments. They eventually diagnosed it as an osteochondroma and referred the patient to our department. This exostosis arose from the lamina of C3 vertebra and extended posteriorly. The patient presented with persistent neck ache but had no neurological deficit. TREATMENT It was excised uneventfully. CONCLUSION From the literature review, this appears to be the first case where an exostosis arose from a spinal facet joint. A discussion of osteochondromas follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889
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Somlo G, Simpson JF, Frankel P, Chow W, Leong L, Margolin K, Morgan R, Raschko J, Shibata S, Forman S, Kogut N, McNamara M, Molina A, Somlo E, Doroshow JH. Predictors of long-term outcome following high-dose chemotherapy in high-risk primary breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:281-8. [PMID: 12177795 PMCID: PMC2364229 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2002] [Revised: 04/24/2002] [Accepted: 05/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a predictive model of long-term outcome in 114 high-risk breast cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy between 1989 and 1994. Paraffin-blocks from 90 of the 114 primaries were assessed for the presence of five risk factors: grade, mitotic index, protein expression of p53, HER2/neu, and oestrogen/progesterone receptor status; we could analyse the effect of risk factors in 84 of these 90 tumours. Seven-year relapse-free and overall survival was 58% (95% confidence interval 44-74%) and 82% (95% confidence interval 71-94%) vs 33% (95% confidence interval 21-52%) and 41% (95% confidence interval 28-60%) for patients whose primary tumours displayed > or =3 risk factors vs patients with < or =2 risk factors. For the entire group of 168 high-risk breast cancer patients, inflammatory stage IIIB disease and involved post-mastectomy margins were associated with decreased relapse-free survival and overall survival; patients treated with non-doxorubicin containing standard adjuvant therapy experienced worse overall survival (RR, 2.08; 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 4.16; P=0.04), while adjuvant tamoxifen improved overall survival (RR, 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.41-1.01; P=0.054). Future trial designs and patient selection for studies specific for high-risk breast cancer patients should include appropriate prognostic models. Validation of such models could come from recently completed randomised, prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, California, CA 91010-3000, USA.
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Somlo G, Chow W, Hamasaki V, Leong L, Margolin K, Morgan R, Sniecinski I, Frankel P, Reardon D, Longmate E, Raschko J, Shibata S, O'Donnell M, Smith E, Tetef M, Forman S, Yen Y, Molina A, Doroshow H. Tandem-cycle high-dose melphalan and cisplatin with peripheral blood progenitor cell support in patients with breast cancer and other malignancies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002; 7:284-93. [PMID: 11400951 DOI: 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11400951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility of tandem-cycle high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with cisplatin, melphalan, and peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs). Fifty patients with high-risk primary (n = 17) or stage IV breast cancer (n = 29) or other malignancies (n = 4) received 2 cycles of intravenous melphalan, 20 to 151.8 mg/m2, and cisplatin, 200 mg/m2, followed by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or G-CSF. Starting at 40 mg/m2 of melphalan, patients also received PBPCs. Delayed platelet recovery defined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for melphalan at 101.2 mg/m2 per cycle. There were no treatment-related deaths. Cycle 2 was delivered at a median of 1.7 months after cycle 1; 72% of patients treated at the MTD received both cycles. Cycle 2 was omitted when patients refused it or had disease progression or toxicities, primarily prolonged thrombocytopenia. Complete response rates in stage IV breast cancer patients increased from 28% pre-HDCT to 55% after cycle 2. At a median follow-up of 4.6 years (range, 1.5-8.1 years), 11 of 29 patients with stage IV breast carcinoma were alive with 5-year projected progression-free and overall survival rates of 19% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%-41%) and 39% (95% CI, 20%-62%), respectively. Five-year projected progression-free and overall survival rates for patients with stage IV breast cancer in complete response following HDCT versus all others were 35% (95% CI, 15%-70%) versus 0% (P = .01) and 61% (95% CI, 35%-91%) versus 10% (95% CI, 2%-60%) (P = .003; log-rank test), respectively. Estrogen-receptor positivity was predictive of reduced risk of progression (relative risk [RR], 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10-0.65; P = .003) and death (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.72; P = .009) after adjusting for response status. Five-year projected relapse-free and overall survival rates were 71% (95% CI, 43%-96%) and 82% (95% CI, 56%-100%), respectively, for the 17 patients with high-risk primary breast cancer. Tandem-cycle high-dose melphalan and cisplatin with PBPCs is feasible. Preliminary data suggest significant activity in selected patients with stage IV responding breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010-3000, USA.
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Morgan RJ, Doroshow JH, Leong L, Schriber J, Shibata S, Forman S, Hamasaki V, Margolin K, Somlo G, Alvarnas J, McNamara M, Longmate J, Raschko J, Chow W, Vasilev S, McGonigle K, Yen Y. Phase II trial of high-dose intravenous doxorubicin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide with autologous stem cell support in patients with residual or responding recurrent ovarian cancer. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 28:859-63. [PMID: 11781646 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2001] [Accepted: 08/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed in order to evaluate the toxicities, progression-free and overall survival of patients with responsive residual or recurrent ovarian cancer treated with high-dose chemotherapy. Twenty-seven patients were treated. Doxorubicin, 165 mg/m(2) over 96 h (days -12 to -8), etoposide 700 mg/m(2) every day x3 (days -6 to -4), and cyclophosphamide 4.2 g/m(2) on d -3 was followed by stem cells and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The median days of granulocyte count <500/microl was 14 (range 10-42) and platelets <20,000/microl was 13 (range 2-80). Median numbers of red cell and platelet transfusions were 15 (5-16) and 14 (4-103). Toxicity included mucositis requiring narcotic analgesia in all patients. Asymptomatic decreases in ejection fraction to values <50% were observed in four patients. No clinical congestive heart failure was observed. One death due to sepsis was observed. Median progression-free survival is 7.5 months (1.0-56 months); five patients remain alive, two of whom remain progression-free at 19.5 and 24.5 months post transplant. Median overall survival is 14.0 months (1-68 months). We conclude that high-dose anthracyclines may be safely administered to ovarian cancer patients. The short overall and progression-free survivals observed in our population suggest that this combination is not optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Morgan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Duffy KJ, Darcy MG, Delorme E, Dillon SB, Eppley DF, Erickson-Miller C, Giampa L, Hopson CB, Huang Y, Keenan RM, Lamb P, Leong L, Liu N, Miller SG, Price AT, Rosen J, Shah R, Shaw TN, Smith H, Stark KC, Tian SS, Tyree C, Wiggall KJ, Zhang L, Luengo JI. Hydrazinonaphthalene and azonaphthalene thrombopoietin mimics are nonpeptidyl promoters of megakaryocytopoiesis. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3730-45. [PMID: 11606138 DOI: 10.1021/jm010283l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening for the induction of a luciferase reporter gene in a thrombopoietin (TPO)-responsive cell line resulted in the identification of 4-diazo-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acids as TPO mimics. Modification of the core structure and adjustment of unwanted functionality resulted in the development of (5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene)hydrazines which exhibited efficacies equivalent to those of TPO in several cell-based assays designed to measure thrombopoietic activity. Furthermore, these compounds elicited biochemical responses in TPO-receptor-expressing cells similar to those in TPO itself, including kinase activation and protein phosphorylation. Potencies for the best compounds were high for such low molecular weight compounds (MW < 500) with EC(50) values in the region of 1-20 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Duffy
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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