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Colijn MA, Ismail Z. Presenilin Gene Mutation-associated Psychosis: Phenotypic Characteristics and Clinical Implications. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2024; 38:101-106. [PMID: 38227890 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Although psychotic symptoms have been described in association with rare presenilin ( PSEN ) gene mutations underlying early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), no contemporary reviews on this topic exist. The purpose of this review is to characterize the psychiatric phenotype (specifically with respect to psychosis) of PSEN1 and PSEN2 variant-associated AD. A PubMed search was completed in July 2023. Only articles that described individuals harboring a PSEN1 or PSEN2 mutation who experienced symptoms of psychosis were included in the review. Thirty-three articles describing 52 individuals were included in the review, as well as one other study that provided limited information pertaining to an additional 21 cases. While visual hallucinations were the most common psychotic symptom, followed by persecutory delusions, auditory hallucinations occurred in ~17% of individuals. In ~33% of the reviewed cases psychotic symptoms were present at or near disease onset, and 9 of these individuals experienced auditory hallucinations and/or delusions in the absence of visual hallucinations (~17% of all cases). In many cases, symptoms developed at a relatively young age. As presenilin gene variant-associated psychosis may resemble a primary psychotic disorder, clinicians should be vigilant with respect to screening for signs/symptoms suggestive of neurodegeneration in first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Colijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, Community Health Sciences, and Pathology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Yang Y, Bagyinszky E, An SSA. Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) Mutations: Clinical Phenotypes beyond Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098417. [PMID: 37176125 PMCID: PMC10179041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) is a part of the gamma secretase complex with several interacting substrates, including amyloid precursor protein (APP), Notch, adhesion proteins and beta catenin. PSEN1 has been extensively studied in neurodegeneration, and more than 300 PSEN1 mutations have been discovered to date. In addition to the classical early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) phenotypes, PSEN1 mutations were discovered in several atypical AD or non-AD phenotypes, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or spastic paraparesis (SP). For example, Leu113Pro, Leu226Phe, Met233Leu and an Arg352 duplication were discovered in patients with FTD, while Pro436Gln, Arg278Gln and Pro284Leu mutations were also reported in patients with motor dysfunctions. Interestingly, PSEN1 mutations may also impact non-neurodegenerative phenotypes, including PSEN1 Pro242fs, which could cause acne inversa, while Asp333Gly was reported in a family with dilated cardiomyopathy. The phenotypic diversity suggests that PSEN1 may be responsible for atypical disease phenotypes or types of disease other than AD. Taken together, neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, PD, DLB and FTD may share several common hallmarks (cognitive and motor impairment, associated with abnormal protein aggregates). These findings suggested that PSEN1 may interact with risk modifiers, which may result in alternative disease phenotypes such as DLB or FTD phenotypes, or through less-dominant amyloid pathways. Next-generation sequencing and/or biomarker analysis may be essential in clearly differentiating the possible disease phenotypes and pathways associated with non-AD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Graduate School of Environment Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Levy G, Levin B, Engelhardt E. Advancing the Genetics of Lewy Body Disorders with Disease-Modifying Treatments in Mind. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:2200011. [PMID: 36911298 PMCID: PMC9993470 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a caveat for advancing the genetics of Lewy body disorders is raised, given the nosological controversy about whether to consider dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD) as one entity or two separate entities. Using the framework of the sufficient and component causes model of causation, as further developed into an evolution-based model of causation, it is proposed that a disease of complex etiology is defined as having a relatively high degree of sharing of the component causes (a genetic or environmental factor), that is, a low degree of heterogeneity of the sufficient causes. Based on this definition, only if the sharing of component causes within each of two diseases is similar to their combined sharing can lumping be warranted. However, it is not known whether the separate and combined sharing are similar before conducting the etiologic studies. This means that lumping DLB and PD can be counterproductive as it can decrease the ability to detect component causes despite the potential benefit of conducting studies with larger sample sizes. In turn, this is relevant to the development of disease-modifying treatments, because non-overlapping causal genetic factors may result in distinct pathogenetic pathways providing promising targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Levin
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew York10032USA
| | - Eliasz Engelhardt
- Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto and Instituto de PsiquiatriaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro22290‐140Brazil
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Genetics, Functions, and Clinical Impact of Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810970. [PMID: 36142879 PMCID: PMC9504248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) has been verified as an important causative factor for early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). PSEN1 is a part of γ-secretase, and in addition to amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, it can also affect other processes, such as Notch signaling, β-cadherin processing, and calcium metabolism. Several motifs and residues have been identified in PSEN1, which may play a significant role in γ-secretase mechanisms, such as the WNF, GxGD, and PALP motifs. More than 300 mutations have been described in PSEN1; however, the clinical phenotypes related to these mutations may be diverse. In addition to classical EOAD, patients with PSEN1 mutations regularly present with atypical phenotypic symptoms, such as spasticity, seizures, and visual impairment. In vivo and in vitro studies were performed to verify the effect of PSEN1 mutations on EOAD. The pathogenic nature of PSEN1 mutations can be categorized according to the ACMG-AMP guidelines; however, some mutations could not be categorized because they were detected only in a single case, and their presence could not be confirmed in family members. Genetic modifiers, therefore, may play a critical role in the age of disease onset and clinical phenotypes of PSEN1 mutations. This review introduces the role of PSEN1 in γ-secretase, the clinical phenotypes related to its mutations, and possible significant residues of the protein.
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Gan J, Chen Z, Liu S, Shi Z, Liu Y, Wang XD, Liu C, Ji Y. The presence and co-incidence of geriatric syndromes in older patients with mild-moderate Lewy body dementia. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:355. [PMID: 36123648 PMCID: PMC9484208 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Geriatric symptoms are common in dementia cases, while few studies have focused on these symptoms in Lewy body dementia (LBD). The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributions of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and geriatric symptoms, and explore their associaitons in Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). METHODS A retrospective study with 185 mild-moderate probable DLB (n = 93) and PDD (n = 92) patients was assigned. Demographic and clinical characteristics, neuropsychological assessments, and APOE genotypes were recorded. Description, correlation and logistic regression models were used to analyze the presence of geriatric symptom complaints and their associations with APOE ε4. RESULTS DLB patients displayed more frequency of fluctuating cognition, visual hallucination, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, delusion, depression, anxiety, apathy, and loss of appetite, whereas the PDD cases had constipation, fear of falling, and insomnia more frequently. The APOE ε4 allele was more common in DLB than PDD (29.9% vs. 7.0%, p < 0.001), and the patients with DLB + APOE ε4 (+) were presented more delusions (p = 0.005) and apathy (p = 0.007) than patients with PDD + APOE ε4 (+). We also found that the APOE ε4 allele was significantly associated with hyperhidrosis (OR = 3.472, 95%CI: 1.082-11.144, p = 0.036) and depression (OR = 3.002, 95%CI: 1.079-8.353, p = 0.035) in DLB patients, while there were no significant associations between APOE ε4 allele and the age at visit, the age at onset, scores of MDS-UPDRS III, H&Y stage, ADL, MMSE, MOCA and NPI, as well as the presences of fluctuating cognition, VH, parkinsonism and RBD in both groups. CONCLUSION The presence and co-incidence of geriatric symptoms are common in patients with mild-moderate LBD. The presence of APOE ε4 allele is associated with hyperhidrosis and depression, but not global cognition, activitives of daily life, motor function and other neuropsychitric symptoms in DLB. These findings improve the awareness of geriatric symptoms, and contribute to the healthcare management of mild-moderate DLB and PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Gan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Frequency of Parkinson’s Disease Genes and Role of PARK2 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An NGS Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081306. [PMID: 35893043 PMCID: PMC9332209 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients show a higher prevalence of Lewy body disease than the general population. Additionally, parkinsonian features were found in about 30% of ALS patients. We aimed to explore the frequency of Parkinson’s disease (PD)-causative genes in ALS patients, compared to AD and healthy controls (HCs). We used next-generation sequencing multigene panels by analyzing SNCA, LRRK2, PINK1, PARK2, PARK7, SYNJ1, CHCHD2, PLA2G6, GCH1, ATP13A2, DNAJC6 and FBXO genes. GBA gene, a risk factor for PD, was also analyzed. In total, 130 ALS and 100 AD patients were investigated. PD-related genes were found to be altered in 26.2% of ALS, 20% of AD patients and 19.2% of HCs. Autosomal recessive genes were significantly more involved in ALS as compared to AD and HCs (p = 0.021). PARK2 variants were more frequent in ALS than in AD and HCs, although not significantly. However, the p.Arg402Cys variant was increased in ALS than in HCs (p = 0.025). This finding is consistent with current literature, as parkin levels were found to be decreased in ALS animal models and patients. Our results confirm the possible role of PD-related genes as risk modifier in ALS pathogenesis.
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Palmieri I, Poloni TE, Medici V, Zucca S, Davin A, Pansarasa O, Ceroni M, Tronconi L, Guaita A, Gagliardi S, Cereda C. Differential Neuropathology, Genetics, and Transcriptomics in Two Kindred Cases with Alzheimer’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071687. [PMID: 35884993 PMCID: PMC9313121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) are two different forms of dementia, but their pathology may involve the same cortical areas with overlapping cognitive manifestations. Nonetheless, the clinical phenotype is different due to the topography of the lesions driven by the different underlying molecular processes that arise apart from genetics, causing diverse neurodegeneration. Here, we define the commonalities and differences in the pathological processes of dementia in two kindred cases, a mother and a son, who developed classical AD and an aggressive form of AD/LBD, respectively, through a neuropathological, genetic (next-generation sequencing), and transcriptomic (RNA-seq) comparison of four different brain areas. A genetic analysis did not reveal any pathogenic variants in the principal AD/LBD-causative genes. RNA sequencing highlighted high transcriptional dysregulation within the substantia nigra in the AD/LBD case, while the AD case showed lower transcriptional dysregulation, with the parietal lobe being the most involved brain area. The hippocampus (the most degenerated area) and basal ganglia (lacking specific lesions) expressed the lowest level of dysregulation. Our data suggest that there is a link between transcriptional dysregulation and the amount of tissue damage accumulated across time, assessed through neuropathology. Moreover, we highlight that the molecular bases of AD and LBD follow very different pathways, which underlie their neuropathological signatures. Indeed, the transcriptome profiling through RNA sequencing may be an important tool in flanking the neuropathological analysis for a deeper understanding of AD and LBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Palmieri
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy; (T.E.P.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy; (T.E.P.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | | | - Annalisa Davin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy; (T.E.P.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Livio Tronconi
- U.O. Medicina Legale, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences “A. Fornari”, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy; (T.E.P.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Women, Mothers and Neonatal Care, Children’s Hospital “V. Buzzi”, 20100 Milan, Italy
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Prasad S, Katta MR, Abhishek S, Sridhar R, Valisekka SS, Hameed M, Kaur J, Walia N. Recent advances in Lewy body dementia: A comprehensive review. Dis Mon 2022; 69:101441. [PMID: 35690493 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lewy Body Dementia is the second most frequent neurodegenerative illness proven to cause dementia, after Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is believed to be vastly underdiagnosed, as there is a significant disparity between the number of cases diagnosed clinically and those diagnosed via neuropathology at the time of postmortem autopsy. Strikingly, many of the pharmacologic treatments used to treat behavioral and cognitive symptoms in other forms of dementia exacerbate the symptoms of DLB. Therefore, it is critical to accurately diagnose DLB as these patients require a specific treatment approach. This article focuses on its pathophysiology, risk factors, differentials, and its diverse treatment modalities. In this study, an English language literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar till April 2022. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used: "Lewy Body Dementia," "Dementia with Lewy bodies," and "Parkinson's Disease Dementia." We explored the literature on Lewy Body Dementia for its epidemiology, pathophysiology, the role of various genes and how they bring about the disease, biomarkers, its differential diagnoses and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Prasad
- Faculty of Medicine, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018, Vinnytsya, Ukraine.
| | | | | | | | | | - Maha Hameed
- Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Namrata Walia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Zeng Q, Pan H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Tan J, Yan X, Li J, Tang B, Guo J. Evaluation of common and rare variants of Alzheimer's disease-causal genes in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 97:8-14. [PMID: 35276586 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. Recently, some variants of AD-causal genes (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2) have been reported in PD. In this study, we investigated the association between coding variants of AD-causal genes and PD in a large Chinese population cohort. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 1,917 patients with early-onset or familial PD and 1,652 controls, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 1,962 sporadic late-onset PD and 1,279 controls. Genetic and phenotypic data were analyzed with regression analyses and the optimized sequence kernel association test. Further validation study was performed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS We found that rs75733498 in the PSEN2 gene was significantly associated with early-onset or familial PD; however, no significant relationship was discovered between rs75733498 and sporadic late-onset PD. The result of the validation study still revealed a significant association between rs75733498 and PD. We observed a suggestive association with APP gene in early-onset or familial PD when considering damaging missense variants alone (p = 0.018) or combined with loss-of-function variants (p = 0.029). Further phenotypic analysis did not demonstrate any significant associations. CONCLUSION Our results support a possible genetic contribution of AD-causal genes to PD. These findings warrant further genetic and functional confirmation, and more powerful association studies will better decipher the mechanisms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.
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Combi R, Salsone M, Villa C, Ferini-Strambi L. Genetic Architecture and Molecular, Imaging and Prodromic Markers in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: State of the Art, Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3960. [PMID: 33921279 PMCID: PMC8069386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common causes of dementia and belongs to the group of α-synucleinopathies. Due to its clinical overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders and its high clinical heterogeneity, the clinical differential diagnosis of DLB from other similar disorders is often difficult and it is frequently underdiagnosed. Moreover, its genetic etiology has been studied only recently due to the unavailability of large cohorts with a certain diagnosis and shows genetic heterogeneity with a rare contribution of pathogenic mutations and relatively common risk factors. The rapid increase in the reported cases of DLB highlights the need for an easy, efficient and accurate diagnosis of the disease in its initial stages in order to halt or delay the progression. The currently used diagnostic methods proposed by the International DLB consortium rely on a list of criteria that comprises both clinical observations and the use of biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the up-to-now reported knowledge on the genetic architecture of DLB and discuss the use of prodromal biomarkers as well as recent promising candidates from alternative body fluids and new imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Maria Salsone
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy;
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology-Sleep Disorder Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology-Sleep Disorder Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, 20127 Milan, Italy
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Levy G, Levin B, Engelhardt E. The Nosology of Lewy Body Disorders From Analytic-Epidemiologic and Statistical Vantage Points. Mov Disord 2020; 35:2156-2161. [PMID: 32936973 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Levin
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eliasz Engelhardt
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Psychiatric Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Setu JR, Ashraf GM, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM. Exploring the Role of PSEN Mutations in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:833-849. [PMID: 32556937 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Mutations of presenilin (PSEN) genes that encode presenilin proteins have been found as the vital causal factors for early-onset familial AD (FAD). AD pathological features such as memory loss, synaptic dysfunction, and formation of plaques have been successfully mimicked in the transgenic mouse models that coexpress FAD-related presenilin and amyloid precursor protein (APP) variants. γ-Secretase (GS) is an enzyme that plays roles in catalyzing intramembranous APP proteolysis to release pathogenic amyloid beta (Aβ). It has been found that presenilins can play a role as the GS's catalytic subunit. FAD-related mutations in presenilins can modify the site of GS cleavage in a way that can elevate the production of longer and highly fibrillogenic Aβ. Presenilins can interact with β-catenin to generate presenilin complexes. Aforesaid interactions have also been studied to observe the mutational and physiological activities in the catenin signal transduction pathway. Along with APP, GS can catalyze intramembrane proteolysis of various substrates that play a vital role in synaptic function. PSEN mutations can cause FAD with autosomal dominant inheritance and early onset of the disease. In this article, we have reviewed the current progress in the analysis of PSENs and the correlation of PSEN mutations and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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13
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Guerreiro R, Gibbons E, Tábuas-Pereira M, Kun-Rodrigues C, Santo GC, Bras J. Genetic architecture of common non-Alzheimer's disease dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 142:104946. [PMID: 32439597 PMCID: PMC8207829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most common forms of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The heterogeneity of these disorders and/or the clinical overlap with other diseases hinder the study of their genetic components. Even though Mendelian dementias are rare, the study of these forms of disease can have a significant impact in the lives of patients and families and have successfully brought to the fore many of the genes currently known to be involved in FTD and VaD, starting to give us a glimpse of the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. More recently, genome-wide association studies have also pointed to disease risk-associated loci. This has been particularly important for DLB where familial forms of disease are very rarely described. In this review we systematically describe the Mendelian and risk genes involved in these non-AD dementias in an effort to contribute to a better understanding of their genetic architecture, find differences and commonalities between different dementia phenotypes, and uncover areas that would benefit from more intense research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Gibbons
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Gustavo C Santo
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jose Bras
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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14
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Sanghvi H, Singh R, Morrin H, Rajkumar AP. Systematic review of genetic association studies in people with Lewy body dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:436-448. [PMID: 31898332 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lewy body dementia (LBD) causes more morbidity, disability, and earlier mortality than Alzheimer disease. Molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in LBD are poorly understood. We aimed to do a systematic review of all genetic association studies that investigated people with LBD for improving our understanding of LBD molecular genetics and for facilitating discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LBD. METHODS We systematically reviewed five online databases (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42018087114) and completed the quality assessment using the quality of genetic association studies tool. RESULTS Eight thousand five hundred twenty-one articles were screened, and 75 articles were eligible to be included. Genetic associations of LBD with APOE, GBA, and SNCA variants have been replicated by two or more good quality studies. Our meta-analyses confirmed that APOE-ε4 is significantly associated with dementia with Lewy bodies (pooled odds ratio [POR] = 2.70; 95% CI, 2.37-3.07; P < .001) and Parkinson's disease dementia (POR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.21-2.11; P = .001). Other reported genetic associations that need further replication include variants in A2M, BCHE-K, BCL7C, CHRFAM7A, CNTN1, ESR1, GABRB3, MAPT, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup H, NOS2A, PSEN1, SCARB2, TFAM, TREM2, and UCHL1. CONCLUSIONS The reported genetic associations and their potential interactions indicate the importance of α-synuclein, amyloid, and tau pathology, autophagy lysosomal pathway, ubiquitin proteasome system, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in LBD. There is a need for larger genome-wide association study (GWAS) for identifying more LBD-associated genes. Future hypothesis-driven studies should aim to replicate reported genetic associations of LBD and to explore their functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Sanghvi
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ricky Singh
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hamilton Morrin
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anto P Rajkumar
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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15
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Genetic architecture of neurodegenerative dementias. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108014. [PMID: 32097768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular genetics has been an invaluable tool to help understand the molecular basis of neurodegenerative dementias. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic architecture underlying some of the most prevalent causes of dementia, including Alzheimer's dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body dementia, and prion diseases. We also discuss the complexity of the human genome and how the novel technologies have revolutionized and accelerated the way we screen the variety of our DNA. Finally, we also provide some examples about how this genetic knowledge is being transferred into the clinic through personalized medicine. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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16
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Orme T, Hernandez D, Ross OA, Kun-Rodrigues C, Darwent L, Shepherd CE, Parkkinen L, Ansorge O, Clark L, Honig LS, Marder K, Lemstra A, Rogaeva E, St. George-Hyslop P, Londos E, Zetterberg H, Morgan K, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Lashley T, Holton J, Compta Y, Van Deerlin V, Trojanowski JQ, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Lesage S, Galasko D, Masliah E, Santana I, Pastor P, Tienari PJ, Myllykangas L, Oinas M, Revesz T, Lees A, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Ferman TJ, Escott-Price V, Graff-Radford N, Cairns NJ, Morris JC, Pickering-Brown S, Mann D, Halliday G, Stone DJ, Dickson DW, Hardy J, Singleton A, Guerreiro R, Bras J. Analysis of neurodegenerative disease-causing genes in dementia with Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 31996268 PMCID: PMC6990558 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-0879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with a substantial burden on healthcare. Despite this, the genetic basis of the disorder is not well defined and its boundaries with other neurodegenerative diseases are unclear. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing of a cohort of 1118 Caucasian DLB patients, and focused on genes causative of monogenic neurodegenerative diseases. We analyzed variants in 60 genes implicated in DLB, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and atypical parkinsonian or dementia disorders, in order to determine their frequency in DLB. We focused on variants that have previously been reported as pathogenic, and also describe variants reported as pathogenic which remain of unknown clinical significance, as well as variants associated with strong risk. Rare missense variants of unknown significance were found in APP, CHCHD2, DCTN1, GRN, MAPT, NOTCH3, SQSTM1, TBK1 and TIA1. Additionally, we identified a pathogenic GRN p.Arg493* mutation, potentially adding to the diversity of phenotypes associated with this mutation. The rarity of previously reported pathogenic mutations in this cohort suggests that the genetic overlap of other neurodegenerative diseases with DLB is not substantial. Since it is now clear that genetics plays a role in DLB, these data suggest that other genetic loci play a role in this disease.
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17
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Hansen D, Ling H, Lashley T, Holton JL, Warner TT. Review: Clinical, neuropathological and genetic features of Lewy body dementias. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:635-654. [PMID: 30977926 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lewy body dementias are the second most common neurodegenerative dementias after Alzheimer's disease and include dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia. They share similar clinical and neuropathological features but differ in the time of dementia and parkinsonism onset. Although Lewy bodies are their main pathological hallmark, several studies have shown the emerging importance of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Clinical amyloid-β imaging using Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) supports neuropathological studies which found that amyloid-β pathology is more common in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Parkinson's disease dementia. Nevertheless, other co-occurring pathologies, such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, TDP-43 pathology and synaptic pathology may also influence the development of neurodegeneration and dementia. Recent genetic studies demonstrated an important role of APOE genotype and other genes such as GBA and SNCA which seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of Lewy body dementias. The aim of this article is to review the main clinical, neuropathological and genetic aspects of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia. This is particularly relevant as future management for these two conditions may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hansen
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - H Ling
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - T Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - T T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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18
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Walker L, Stefanis L, Attems J. Clinical and neuropathological differences between Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies - current issues and future directions. J Neurochem 2019; 150:467-474. [PMID: 30892688 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lewy body diseases share clinical, pathological, genetic and biochemical signatures, and are regarded as a highly heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. Inclusive of Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), controversy still exists as to whether they should be considered as separate disease entities or as part of the same disease continuum. Here we discuss emerging knowledge relating to both clinical, and neuropathological differences and consider current biomarker strategies as we try to improve our diagnostic capabilities and design of disease modifying therapeutics for this group of debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Walker
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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19
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Kun-Rodrigues C, Orme T, Carmona S, Hernandez DG, Ross OA, Eicher JD, Shepherd C, Parkkinen L, Darwent L, Heckman MG, Scholz SW, Troncoso JC, Pletnikova O, Dawson T, Rosenthal L, Ansorge O, Clarimon J, Lleo A, Morenas-Rodriguez E, Clark L, Honig LS, Marder K, Lemstra A, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Londos E, Zetterberg H, Barber I, Braae A, Brown K, Morgan K, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Lashley T, Holton J, Compta Y, Van Deerlin V, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Lesage S, Galasko D, Masliah E, Santana I, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Aguilar M, Tienari PJ, Myllykangas L, Oinas M, Revesz T, Lees A, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Ferman TJ, Escott-Price V, Graff-Radford N, Cairns NJ, Morris JC, Pickering-Brown S, Mann D, Halliday GM, Hardy J, Trojanowski JQ, Dickson DW, Singleton A, Stone DJ, Guerreiro R, Bras J. A comprehensive screening of copy number variability in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 75:223.e1-223.e10. [PMID: 30448004 PMCID: PMC6541211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic variability in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is now indisputable; however, data regarding copy number variation (CNV) in this disease has been lacking. Here, we used whole-genome genotyping of 1454 DLB cases and 1525 controls to assess copy number variability. We used 2 algorithms to confidently detect CNVs, performed a case-control association analysis, screened for candidate CNVs previously associated with DLB-related diseases, and performed a candidate gene approach to fully explore the data. We identified 5 CNV regions with a significant genome-wide association to DLB; 2 of these were only present in cases and absent from publicly available databases: one of the regions overlapped LAPTM4B, a known lysosomal protein, whereas the other overlapped the NME1 locus and SPAG9. We also identified DLB cases presenting rare CNVs in genes previously associated with DLB or related neurodegenerative diseases, such as SNCA, APP, and MAPT. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting genome-wide CNVs in a large DLB cohort. These results provide preliminary evidence for the contribution of CNVs in DLB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tatiana Orme
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK
| | - Susana Carmona
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John D Eicher
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinsons Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Darwent
- UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ted Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinsons Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorraine Clark
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Marder
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afina Lemstra
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabet Londos
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London UK, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Molndal, Sweden
| | - Imelda Barber
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne Braae
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Janice Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Clinical Neuroscience Institute (ICN), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivianna Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Suzanne Lesage
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universites, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, Paris, France
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Service, University of Coimbra Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pau Pastor
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, and Fundacio de Docencia I Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, and Fundacio de Docencia I Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, and Fundacio de Docencia I Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Oinas
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lees
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Brad F Boeve
- Neurology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimers Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimers Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J Stone
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck and Co, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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20
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Genetic screening in early-onset Alzheimer's disease identified three novel presenilin mutations. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 86:201.e9-201.e14. [PMID: 30797548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) are major genetic causes of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Clinical heterogeneity is frequently observed in patients with PSEN1 and PSEN2 mutations. Using whole exome sequencing, we screened a Dutch cohort of 68 patients with EOAD for rare variants in Mendelian Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and prion disease genes. We identified 3 PSEN1 and 2 PSEN2 variants. Three variants, 1 in PSEN1 (p.H21Profs*2) and both PSEN2 (p.A415S and p.M174I), were novel and absent in control exomes. These novel variants can be classified as probable pathogenic, except for PSEN1 (p.H21Profs*2) in which the pathogenicity is uncertain. The initial clinical symptoms between mutation carriers varied from behavioral problems to memory impairment. Our findings extend the mutation spectrum of EOAD and underline the clinical heterogeneity among PSEN1 and PSEN2 mutation carriers. Screening for Alzheimer's disease-causing genes is indicated in presenile dementia with an overlapping clinical diagnosis.
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Outeiro TF, Koss DJ, Erskine D, Walker L, Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Burn D, Donaghy P, Morris C, Taylor JP, Thomas A, Attems J, McKeith I. Dementia with Lewy bodies: an update and outlook. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:5. [PMID: 30665447 PMCID: PMC6341685 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder producing progressive cognitive decline that interferes with normal life and daily activities. Neuropathologically, DLB is characterised by the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein protein in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, similar to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Extrapyramidal motor features characteristic of PD, are common in DLB patients, but are not essential for the clinical diagnosis of DLB. Since many PD patients develop dementia as disease progresses, there has been controversy about the separation of DLB from PD dementia (PDD) and consensus reports have put forward guidelines to assist clinicians in the identification and management of both syndromes. Here, we present basic concepts and definitions, based on our current understanding, that should guide the community to address open questions that will, hopefully, lead us towards improved diagnosis and novel therapeutic strategies for DLB and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - David J Koss
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lauren Walker
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Marzena Kurzawa-Akanbi
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David Burn
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Paul Donaghy
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alan Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ian McKeith
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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23
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Conway OJ, Carrasquillo MM, Wang X, Bredenberg JM, Reddy JS, Strickland SL, Younkin CS, Burgess JD, Allen M, Lincoln SJ, Nguyen T, Malphrus KG, Soto AI, Walton RL, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Lucas JA, Ferman TJ, Cheshire WP, van Gerpen JA, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA, Dickson DW, Graff-Radford NR, Ertekin-Taner N. ABI3 and PLCG2 missense variants as risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases in Caucasians and African Americans. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:53. [PMID: 30326945 PMCID: PMC6190665 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare coding variants ABI3_rs616338-T and PLCG2_rs72824905-G were identified as risk or protective factors, respectively, for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We tested the association of these variants with five neurodegenerative diseases in Caucasian case-control cohorts: 2742 AD, 231 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 838 Parkinson's disease (PD), 306 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and 150 multiple system atrophy (MSA) vs. 3351 controls; and in an African-American AD case-control cohort (181 AD, 331 controls). 1479 AD and 1491 controls were non-overlapping with a prior report. RESULTS Using Fisher's exact test, there was significant association of both ABI3_rs616338-T (OR = 1.41, p = 0.044) and PLCG2_rs72824905-G (OR = 0.56, p = 0.008) with AD. These OR estimates were maintained in the non-overlapping replication AD-control analysis, albeit at reduced significance (ABI3_rs616338-T OR = 1.44, p = 0.12; PLCG2_rs72824905-G OR = 0.66, p = 0.19). None of the other cohorts showed significant associations that were concordant with those for AD, although the DLB cohort had suggestive findings (Fisher's test: ABI3_rs616338-T OR = 1.79, p = 0.097; PLCG2_rs72824905-G OR = 0.32, p = 0.124). PLCG2_rs72824905-G showed suggestive association with pathologically-confirmed MSA (OR = 2.39, p = 0.050) and PSP (OR = 1.97, p = 0.061), although in the opposite direction of that for AD. We assessed RNA sequencing data from 238 temporal cortex (TCX) and 224 cerebellum (CER) samples from AD, PSP and control patients and identified co-expression networks, enriched in microglial genes and immune response GO terms, and which harbor PLCG2 and/or ABI3. These networks had higher expression in AD, but not in PSP TCX, compared to controls. This expression association did not survive adjustment for brain cell type population changes. CONCLUSIONS We validated the associations previously reported with ABI3_rs616338-T and PLCG2_rs72824905-G in a Caucasian AD case-control cohort, and observed a similar direction of effect in DLB. Conversely, PLCG2_rs72824905-G showed suggestive associations with PSP and MSA in the opposite direction. We identified microglial gene-enriched co-expression networks with significantly higher levels in AD TCX, but not in PSP, a primary tauopathy. This co-expression network association appears to be driven by microglial cell population changes in a brain region affected by AD pathology. Although these findings require replication in larger cohorts, they suggest distinct effects of the microglial genes, ABI3 and PLCG2 in neurodegenerative diseases that harbor significant vs. low/no amyloid ß pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Conway
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jenny M Bredenberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Curtis S Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sarah J Lincoln
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Kimberly G Malphrus
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alexandra I Soto
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John A Lucas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - William P Cheshire
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jay A van Gerpen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Orme T, Guerreiro R, Bras J. The Genetics of Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18:67. [PMID: 30097731 PMCID: PMC6097049 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease that can be clinically and pathologically similar to Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current understanding of DLB genetics is insufficient and has been limited by sample size and difficulty in diagnosis. The first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in DLB was performed in 2017; a time at which the post-GWAS era has been reached in many diseases. RECENT FINDINGS DLB shares risk loci with AD, in the APOE E4 allele, and with PD, in variation at GBA and SNCA. Interestingly, the GWAS suggested that DLB may also have genetic risk factors that are distinct from those in AD and PD. Although off to a slow start, recent studies have reinvigorated the field of DLB genetics and these results enable us to start to have a more complete understanding of the genetic architecture of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Orme
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Institute of Neurology, Wing 1.2, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Institute of Neurology, Wing 1.2, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Institute of Neurology, Wing 1.2, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lamp M, Origone P, Geroldi A, Verdiani S, Gotta F, Caponnetto C, Devigili G, Verriello L, Scialò C, Cabona C, Canosa A, Vanni I, Bellone E, Eleopra R, Mandich P. Twenty years of molecular analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: genetic landscape of Italian patients. Neurobiol Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ibanez L, Dube U, Davis AA, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Cooper B, Diez-Fairen M, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor P, Perlmutter JS, Cruchaga C, Benitez BA. Pleiotropic Effects of Variants in Dementia Genes in Parkinson Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:230. [PMID: 29692703 PMCID: PMC5902712 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) increases dramatically with advancing age, approaching 80% in patients who survive 20 years with the disease. Increasing evidence suggests clinical, pathological and genetic overlap between Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia with PD. However, the contribution of the dementia-causing genes to PD risk, cognitive impairment and dementia in PD is not fully established. Objective: To assess the contribution of coding variants in Mendelian dementia-causing genes on the risk of developing PD and the effect on cognitive performance of PD patients. Methods: We analyzed the coding regions of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), Presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1, PSEN2), and Granulin (GRN) genes from 1,374 PD cases and 973 controls using pooled-DNA targeted sequence, human exome-chip and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data by single variant and gene base (SKAT-O and burden tests) analyses. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The effect of coding variants in dementia-causing genes on cognitive performance was tested by multiple regression analysis adjusting for gender, disease duration, age at dementia assessment, study site and APOE carrier status. Results: Known AD pathogenic mutations in the PSEN1 (p.A79V) and PSEN2 (p.V148I) genes were found in 0.3% of all PD patients. There was a significant burden of rare, likely damaging variants in the GRN and PSEN1 genes in PD patients when compared with frequencies in the European population from the ExAC database. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PD patients carrying rare variants in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and GRN genes exhibit lower cognitive tests scores than non-carrier PD patients (p = 2.0 × 10-4), independent of age at PD diagnosis, age at evaluation, APOE status or recruitment site. Conclusions: Pathogenic mutations in the Alzheimer disease-causing genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) are found in sporadic PD patients. PD patients with cognitive decline carry rare variants in dementia-causing genes. Variants in genes causing Mendelian neurodegenerative diseases exhibit pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Albert A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maria V. Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Breanna Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bruno A. Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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27
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An update on the genetics of dementia with Lewy bodies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 43:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chen ZC, Zhang W, Chua LL, Chai C, Li R, Lin L, Cao Z, Angeles DC, Stanton LW, Peng JH, Zhou ZD, Lim KL, Zeng L, Tan EK. Phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein by mutant LRRK2 promotes AICD activity and neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/488/eaam6790. [PMID: 28720718 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in LRRK2, which encodes leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, are the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes impaired motor function and, in advanced stages, dementia. Dementia is a common symptom of another neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease, and research suggests that there may be pathophysiological and genetic links between the two diseases. Aggregates of β amyloid [a protein produced through cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP)] are seen in both diseases and in PD patients carrying G2019S-mutant LRRK2. Using patient-derived cells, brain tissue, and PD model mice, we found that LRRK2 interacted with and phosphorylated APP at Thr668 within its intracellular domain (AICD). Phosphorylation of APP at Thr668 promoted AICD transcriptional activity and correlated with increased nuclear abundance of AICD and decreased abundance of a dopaminergic neuron marker in cultures and brain tissue. The AICD regulates the transcription of genes involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and apoptosis. Overexpression of AICD, but not a phosphodeficient mutant (AICDT668A), increased the loss of dopaminergic neurons in older mice expressing LRRK2G2019S Moreover, the amount of Thr668-phosphorylated APP was substantially greater in postmortem brain tissue and dopaminergic neurons (generated by reprogramming skin cells) from LRRK2G2019S patients than in those from healthy individuals. LRRK2 inhibitors reduced the phosphorylation of APP at Thr668 in the patient-derived dopaminergic neurons and in the midbrains of LRRK2G2019S mice. Thus, APP is a substrate of LRRK2, and its phosphorylation promotes AICD function and neurotoxicity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Can Chen
- Neural Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ling-Ling Chua
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital (SGH) Campus, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Chou Chai
- Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Rong Li
- Analytical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Lin Lin
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Zhen Cao
- Neural Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Dario C Angeles
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital (SGH) Campus, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jian-He Peng
- Analytical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhou
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital (SGH) Campus, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore. .,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital (SGH) Campus, Singapore 169856, Singapore. .,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, Singapore 169856, Singapore
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Abstract
The most definitive classification systems for dementia are based on the underlying pathology which, in turn, is categorized largely according to the observed accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates in neurons and glia. These aggregates perturb molecular processes, cellular functions and, ultimately, cell survival, with ensuing disruption of large-scale neural networks subserving cognitive, behavioural and sensorimotor functions. The functional domains affected and the evolution of deficits in these domains over time serve as footprints that the clinician can trace back with various levels of certainty to the underlying neuropathology. The process of phenotyping and syndromic classification has substantially improved over decades of careful clinicopathological correlation, and through the discovery of in vivo biomarkers of disease. Here, we present an overview of the salient features of the most common dementia subtypes - Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia and related syndromes, Lewy body dementias, and prion diseases - with an emphasis on neuropathology, relevant epidemiology, risk factors, and signature signs and symptoms.
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Delgado-Morales R, Esteller M. Opening up the DNA methylome of dementia. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:485-496. [PMID: 28044062 PMCID: PMC5378809 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a complex clinical condition characterized by several cognitive impairments that interfere with patient independence in executing everyday tasks. Various neurodegenerative disorders have dementia in common among their clinical manifestations. In addition, these diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia, share molecular alterations at the neuropathological level. In recent years, the field of neuroepigenetics has expanded massively and it is now clear that epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, are mechanisms involved in both normal and pathological brain function. Despite the persistent methodological and conceptual caveats, it has been reported that several genes fundamental to the development of neurodegenerative disorders are deregulated by aberrant methylation patterns of their promoters, and even common epigenetic signatures for some dementia-associated pathologies have been identified. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that are altered in dementia, especially those associated with the initial phases, will allow us not only to understand the etiopathology of dementia and its progression but also to design effective therapies to reduce this global public health problem. This review provides an in-depth summary of our current knowledge about DNA methylation in dementia, focusing exclusively on the analyses performed in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Delgado-Morales
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Kasten M, Marras C, Klein C. Nonmotor Signs in Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:129-178. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cai Y, Bagyinszky E, An SSA, Kim SY. In silico modeling of pathogenic or possibly pathogenic point mutations in PSEN2. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Labbé C, Heckman MG, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Walton RL, Murray ME, Allen M, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Smith GE, Kantarci K, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ, Jack CR, Ertekin-Taner N, Hassan A, Savica R, Petersen RC, Parisi JE, Maraganore DM, Graff-Radford NR, Ferman TJ, Boeve BF, Dickson DW, Ross OA. MAPT haplotype H1G is associated with increased risk of dementia with Lewy bodies. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1297-1304. [PMID: 27287057 PMCID: PMC5143206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The MAPT H1 haplotype has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. We were interested in exploring the role of MAPT haplotypic variation in risk of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). METHOD We genotyped six MAPT haplotype tagging SNPs and screened 431 clinical DLB cases, 347 pathologically defined high-likelihood DLB cases, and 1049 controls. RESULT We performed haplotypic association tests and detected an association with the protective H2 haplotype in our combined series (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75). We fine-mapped the locus and identified a relatively rare haplotype, H1G, that is associated with an increased risk of DLB (OR = 3.30, P = .0017). This association was replicated in our pathologically defined series (OR = 2.26, P = .035). DISCUSSION These results support a role for H1 and specifically H1G in susceptibility to DLB. However, the exact functional variant at the locus is still unknown, and additional studies are warranted to fully explain genetic risk of DLB at the MAPT locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Labbé
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Glenn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Anhar Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Kun-Rodrigues C, Ross OA, Orme T, Shepherd C, Parkkinen L, Darwent L, Hernandez D, Ansorge O, Clark LN, Honig LS, Marder K, Lemstra A, Scheltens P, van der Flier W, Louwersheimer E, Holstege H, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Londos E, Zetterberg H, Barber I, Braae A, Brown K, Morgan K, Maetzler W, Berg D, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Lashley T, Holton J, Compta Y, Van Deerlin V, Trojanowski JQ, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Clarimon J, Lleó A, Morenas-Rodríguez E, Lesage S, Galasko D, Masliah E, Santana I, Diez M, Pastor P, Tienari PJ, Myllykangas L, Oinas M, Revesz T, Lees A, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Ferman TJ, Escott-Price V, Graff-Radford N, Cairns NJ, Morris JC, Stone DJ, Pickering-Brown S, Mann D, Dickson DW, Halliday GM, Singleton A, Guerreiro R, Bras J. Analysis of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large international cohort of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:214.e13-214.e15. [PMID: 27666590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
C9orf72 repeat expansions are a common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. To date, no large-scale study of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been undertaken to assess the role of C9orf72 repeat expansions in the disease. Here, we investigated the prevalence of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large cohort of DLB cases and identified no pathogenic repeat expansions in neuropathologically or clinically defined cases, showing that C9orf72 repeat expansions are not causally associated with DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tatiana Orme
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Claire Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Darwent
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Marder
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afina Lemstra
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Louwersheimer
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Department of Medicine, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Department of Medicine, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisabet Londos
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Imelda Barber
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne Braae
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Janice Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Clinical Neuroscience Institute (ICN), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivianna Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jordi Clarimon
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodríguez
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, Inserm, Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique, Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Paris, France
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Santana
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monica Diez
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, and Foundation Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, and Foundation Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and HUSLAB
| | - Minna Oinas
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lees
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Brad F Boeve
- Neurology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David J Stone
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Arendt T, Stieler JT, Holzer M. Tau and tauopathies. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:238-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: Relevance to Dementia with Lewy Bodies. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:279-288. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Heckman MG, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Contreras MYS, Murray ME, Pedraza O, Diehl NN, Walton R, Labbé C, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Uitti RJ, van Gerpen J, Ertekin-Taner N, Smith GE, Kantarci K, Savica R, Jones DT, Graff-Radford J, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Parisi JE, Rademakers R, Wszolek ZK, Graff-Radford NR, Ferman TJ, Dickson DW, Boeve BF, Ross OA. LRRK2 variation and dementia with Lewy bodies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 31:98-103. [PMID: 27521182 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene contains several variants that cause Parkinson's disease (PD) and others that modify PD risk. However, little is known about the role of LRRK2 in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Aims of this study were to screen DLB patients for pathogenic LRRK2 variants and to evaluate associations between common LRRK2 variants and risk of DLB. METHODS 417 clinical DLB patients and 1790 controls were included in the primary analysis. Additionally, 355 Lewy body disease patients assessed as having a high likelihood of clinical DLB based on neuropathological findings were included in secondary analysis. Seven pathogenic LRRK2 variants were assessed in patients, while 17 common LRRK2 exonic variants and 1 GWAS-nominated common LRRK2 PD-risk variant were evaluated for association with DLB. RESULTS We identified carriers of 2 different pathogenic LRRK2 variants. One clinical DLB patient was a p.G2019S carrier, while in the pathological high likelihood DLB series there was one carrier of the p.R1441C mutation. However, examination of clinical records revealed the p.R1441C carrier to have PD with dementia. Evaluation of common variants did not reveal any associations with DLB risk after multiple testing adjustment. However, a non-significant trend similar to that previously reported for PD was observed for the protective p.N551K-R1398H-K1423K haplotype in the clinical DLB series (OR: 0.76, P = 0.061). CONCLUSION LRRK2 does not appear to play a major role in DLB, however further study of p.G2019S and the p.N551K-R1398H-K1423K haplotype is warranted to better understand their involvement in determining DLB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra I Soto-Ortolaza
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Otto Pedraza
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nancy N Diehl
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine Labbé
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jay van Gerpen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Glenn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Geiger JT, Ding J, Crain B, Pletnikova O, Letson C, Dawson TM, Rosenthal LS, Pantelyat A, Gibbs JR, Albert MS, Hernandez DG, Hillis AE, Stone DJ, Singleton AB, Hardy JA, Troncoso JC, Scholz SW. Next-generation sequencing reveals substantial genetic contribution to dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 94:55-62. [PMID: 27312774 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Although an increasing number of genetic factors have been connected to this debilitating condition, the proportion of cases that can be attributed to distinct genetic defects is unknown. To provide a comprehensive analysis of the frequency and spectrum of pathogenic missense mutations and coding risk variants in nine genes previously implicated in DLB, we performed exome sequencing in 111 pathologically confirmed DLB patients. All patients were Caucasian individuals from North America. Allele frequencies of identified missense mutations were compared to 222 control exomes. Remarkably, ~25% of cases were found to carry a pathogenic mutation or risk variant in APP, GBA or PSEN1, highlighting that genetic defects play a central role in the pathogenesis of this common neurodegenerative disorder. In total, 13% of our cohort carried a pathogenic mutation in GBA, 10% of cases carried a risk variant or mutation in PSEN1, and 2% were found to carry an APP mutation. The APOE ε4 risk allele was significantly overrepresented in DLB patients (p-value <0.001). Our results conclusively show that mutations in GBA, PSEN1, and APP are common in DLB and consideration should be given to offer genetic testing to patients diagnosed with Lewy body dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Geiger
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Crain
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Letson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon H. Synder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neuroregeneration Program, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Pantelyat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Stone
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John A Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kim HJ, Jeon B. How close are we to individualized medicine for Parkinson's disease? Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:815-30. [PMID: 27105072 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1182021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a considerable inter-individual heterogeneity in clinical features, disease course, and treatment response in Parkinson's disease (PD), which can be explained not only by disease process and clinical variables, but also by an impact from genetic factors. Evidence-based medicine relies on large randomized control trials and meta-analysis-average medicine, which ignores individual differences. However, we are now in the early phases of a paradigm shift in medicine relating to individuality and variability. The purpose of individualized medicine is to predict patients' responses to targeted therapy using diagnostic tests based on genetics or other molecular mechanisms, thus providing the right drug at the right dose at the right time. AREAS COVERED In this article, we outline current state of individualized medicine for PD. Expert Commentary: Pharmacogenomics, an important element of individualized medicine, is just beginning to be considered in PD. To advance the clinical use of pharmacogenomics, big data cohort for genomic research and multidisciplinary team approaches are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- a Department of Neurology , Konkuk University Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea.,b Parkinson Disease Study Group , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- a Department of Neurology , Konkuk University Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea.,c Department of Neurology and Movement Disorder Center, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
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Karch CM, Ezerskiy L, Redaelli V, Giovagnoli AR, Tiraboschi P, Pelliccioni G, Pelliccioni P, Kapetis D, D'Amato I, Piccoli E, Ferretti MG, Tagliavini F, Rossi G. Missense mutations in progranulin gene associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration: study of pathogenetic features. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 38:215.e1-215.e12. [PMID: 26652843 PMCID: PMC4738142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
GRN, the gene coding for the progranulin (PGRN) protein, was recognized as a gene linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The first mutations identified were null mutations giving rise to haploinsufficiency. Missense mutations were subsequently detected, but only a small subset has been functionally investigated. We identified missense mutations (C105Y, A199V, and R298H) in FTLD cases with family history and/or with low plasma PGRN levels. The aim of this study was to determine their pathogenicity. We performed functional studies, analyzing PGRN expression, secretion, and cleavage by elastase. GRN C105Y affected both secretion and elastase cleavage, likely representing a pathogenic mutation. GRN A199V did not alter the physiological properties of PGRN and GRN R298H produced only moderate effects on PGRN secretion, indicating that their pathogenicity is uncertain. In the absence of strong segregation data and neuropathological examinations, genetic, biomarker, and functional studies can be applied to an algorithm to assess the likelihood of pathogenicity for a mutation. This information can improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms by which GRN mutations lead to FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lubov Ezerskiy
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Giovagnoli
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Tiraboschi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pelliccioni
- Division of Neurology, Geriatric Hospital, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dimos Kapetis
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Amato
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Piccoli
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Ferretti
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
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Lin CL, Cheng YS, Li HH, Chiu PY, Chang YT, Ho YJ, Lai TJ. Amyloid-β suppresses AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and contributes to α-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity. Exp Neurol 2016; 275 Pt 1:84-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The broad importance of dementia is undisputed, with Alzheimer's disease justifiably getting the most attention. However, dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia, now called Lewy body dementias, are the second most common type of degenerative dementia in patients older than 65 years. Despite this, Lewy body dementias receive little attention and patients are often misdiagnosed, leading to less than ideal management. Over the past 10 years, considerable effort has gone into improving diagnostic accuracy by refining diagnostic criteria and using imaging and other biomarkers. Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia share the same pathophysiology, and effective treatments will depend not only on successful treatment of symptoms but also on targeting the pathological mechanisms of disease, ideally before symptoms and clinical signs develop. We summarise the most pertinent progress from the past 10 years, outlining some of the challenges for the future, which will require refinement of diagnosis and clarification of the pathogenesis, leading to disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Walker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; North Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Epping, UK.
| | - Katherine L Possin
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Scholz SW, Bras J. Genetics Underlying Atypical Parkinsonism and Related Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24629-55. [PMID: 26501269 PMCID: PMC4632769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical parkinsonism syndromes, such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, are neurodegenerative diseases with complex clinical and pathological features. Heterogeneity in clinical presentations, possible secondary determinants as well as mimic syndromes pose a major challenge to accurately diagnose patients suffering from these devastating conditions. Over the last two decades, significant advancements in genomic technologies have provided us with increasing insights into the molecular pathogenesis of atypical parkinsonism and their intriguing relationships to related neurodegenerative diseases, fueling new hopes to incorporate molecular knowledge into our diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches towards managing these conditions. In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of genetic mechanisms implicated in atypical parkinsonism syndromes. We further highlight mimic syndromes relevant to differential considerations and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Rossi G, Tagliavini F. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: old knowledge and new insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of tau mutations. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:192. [PMID: 26528178 PMCID: PMC4604311 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases which includes tauopathies. In the central nervous system (CNS) tau is the major microtubule-associated protein (MAP) of neurons, promoting assembly and stabilization of microtubules (MTs) required for morphogenesis and axonal transport. Primary tauopathies are characterized by deposition of abnormal fibrils of tau in neuronal and glial cells, leading to neuronal death, brain atrophy and eventually dementia. In genetic tauopathies mutations of tau gene impair the ability of tau to bind to MTs, alter the normal ratio among tau isoforms and favor fibril formation. Recently, additional functions have been ascribed to tau and different pathogenetic mechanisms are then emerging. In fact, a role of tau in DNA protection and genome stability has been reported and chromosome aberrations have been found associated with tau mutations. Furthermore, newly structurally and functionally characterized mutations have suggested novel pathological features, such as a tendency to form oligomeric rather than fibrillar aggregates. Tau mutations affecting axonal transport and plasma membrane interaction have also been described. In this article, we will review the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying tau mutations, focusing in particular on the less common aspects, so far poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano, Italy
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Cai Y, An SSA, Kim S. Mutations in presenilin 2 and its implications in Alzheimer's disease and other dementia-associated disorders. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1163-72. [PMID: 26203236 PMCID: PMC4507455 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s85808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Mutations in the genes encoding presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein have been identified as the main genetic causes of familial AD. To date, more than 200 mutations have been described worldwide in PSEN1, which is highly homologous with PSEN2, while mutations in PSEN2 have been rarely reported. We performed a systematic review of studies describing the mutations identified in PSEN2. Most PSEN2 mutations were detected in European and in African populations. Only two were found in Korean populations. Interestingly, PSEN2 mutations appeared not only in AD patients but also in patients with other disorders, including frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, breast cancer, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Parkinson's disease with dementia. Here, we have summarized the PSEN2 mutations and the potential implications of these mutations in dementia-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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48
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Xu W, Tan L, Yu JT. Link between the SNCA gene and parkinsonism. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1505-18. [PMID: 25554495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The groundbreaking discovery of mutations in the SNCA gene in a rare familial form of Parkinson's disease (PD) has revolutionized our basic understanding of the etiology of PD and other related disorders. Genome-wide Association Studies has demonstrated a wide array of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the increasing risk of developing the more common type, sporadic PD, further corroborating the genetic etiology of PD. Among them, SNCA is a gene responsible for encoding α-synuclein, a protein found to be the major component of Lewy body and Lewy neurite, both of these components are the pathognomonic hallmarks of PD. Thus, it has been postulated that this gene plays specific roles in pathogenesis of PD. Here, we summarize the basic biological characteristics of the wild type of the protein (wt-α-synuclein) as well as genetic and epigenetic features of its encoding gene (SNCA) in PD. Based on these characteristics, SNCA may be involved in PD pathogenesis in at least 2 ways: wt-α-synuclein overexpression and its mutation types via different mechanisms. Associations between SNCA mutations and other Lewy body disorders, such as dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, are also mentioned. Finally, it is necessary to explore the influences which SNCA exerts on clinical and neuropathological phenotypes by promoting the transfer of scientific research into practice, such as clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. We believe it is promising to target SNCA for developing novel therapeutic strategies for parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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49
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Winslow AR, Moussaud S, Zhu L, Post KL, Post KL, Dickson DW, Berezovska O, McLean PJ. Convergence of pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: a role for the novel interaction of alpha-synuclein and presenilin 1 in disease. Brain 2014; 137:1958-70. [PMID: 24860142 PMCID: PMC4065023 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of PSEN1 mutations have been associated with dementia with Lewy bodies and familial Alzheimer's disease with concomitant α-synuclein pathology. The objective of this study was to determine if PSEN1 plays a direct role in the development of α-synuclein pathology in these diseases. Using mass spectrometry, immunoelectron microscopy and fluorescence lifetime image microscopy based on Forster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) we identified α-synuclein as a novel interactor of PSEN1 in wild-type mouse brain tissue. The interaction of α-synuclein with PSEN1 was detected in post-mortem brain tissue from cognitively normal cases and was significantly increased in tissue from cases with dementia with Lewy bodies and familial Alzheimer's disease associated with known PSEN1 mutations. We confirmed an increased interaction of PSEN1 and α-synuclein in cell lines expressing well characterized familial Alzheimer's disease PSEN1 mutations, L166P and delta exon 9, and demonstrated that PSEN1 mutations associate with increased membrane association and accumulation of α-synuclein. Our data provides evidence of a molecular interaction of PSEN1 and α-synuclein that may explain the clinical and pathophysiological overlap seen in synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and some forms of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Winslow
- 1 MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Simon Moussaud
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Liya Zhu
- 1 MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Katherine L Post
- 1 MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Oksana Berezovska
- 1 MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Pamela J McLean
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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50
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Hansson O, Hall S, Ohrfelt A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Minthon L, Nägga K, Londos E, Varghese S, Majbour NK, Al-Hayani A, El-Agnaf OM. Levels of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein oligomers are increased in Parkinson's disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies compared to Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 6:25. [PMID: 24987465 PMCID: PMC4075410 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The objective was to study whether α-synuclein oligomers are altered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with dementia, including Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Alzheimer disease (AD), compared with age-matched controls. Methods In total, 247 CSF samples were assessed in this study, including 71 patients with DLB, 30 patients with PDD, 48 patients with AD, and 98 healthy age-matched controls. Both total and oligomeric α-synuclein levels were evaluated by using well-established immunoassays. Results The levels of α-synuclein oligomers in the CSF were increased in patients with PDD compared with the controls (P < 0.05), but not in patients with DLB compared with controls. Interestingly, the levels of α-synuclein oligomers in the CSF were also significantly higher in patients with PDD (P < 0.01) and DLB (P < 0.05) compared with patients with AD. The levels of CSF α-synuclein oligomers and the ratio of oligomeric/total-α-synuclein could distinguish DLB or PDD patients from AD patients, with areas under the curves (AUCs) of 0.64 and 0.75, respectively. In addition, total-α-synuclein alone could distinguish DLB or PDD patients from AD patients, with an AUC of 0.80. Conclusions The levels of α-synuclein oligomers were increased in the CSF from α-synucleinopathy patients with dementia compared with AD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ; Memory clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Hall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ; Neurology clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika Ohrfelt
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Nägga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Londos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shiji Varghese
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour K Majbour
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulmonem Al-Hayani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ma El-Agnaf
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates ; Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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