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Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Grilli MD, Raichlen DA, Hishaw GA, Huentelman MJ, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Impact of age and apolipoprotein E ε4 status on regional white matter hyperintensity volume and cognition in healthy aging. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38515367 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume is a neuroimaging marker of lesion load related to small vessel disease that has been associated with cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. METHOD The present study sought to examine whether regional WMH volume mediates the relationship between APOE ε4 status, a strong genetic risk factor for AD, and cognition and if this association is moderated by age group differences within a sample of 187 healthy older adults (APOE ε4 status [carrier/non-carrier] = 56/131). RESULTS After we controlled for sex, education, and vascular risk factors, ANCOVA analyses revealed significant age group by APOE ε4 status interactions for right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes. Within the young-old group (50-69 years), ε4 carriers had greater right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes than non-carriers. However, in the old-old group (70-89 years), right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes were comparable across APOE ε4 groups. Further, within ε4 non-carriers, old-old adults had greater right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes than young-old adults, but there were no significant differences across age groups in ε4 carriers. Follow-up moderated mediation analyses revealed that, in the young-old, but not the old-old group, there were significant indirect effects of ε4 status on memory and executive functions through left temporal WMH volume. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, among healthy young-old adults, increased left temporal WMH volume, in the context of the ε4 allele, may represent an early marker of cognitive aging with the potential to lead to greater risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew D Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Grilli MD, Raichlen DA, Hishaw GA, Huentelman MJ, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Regional covariance of white matter hyperintensity volume patterns associated with hippocampal volume in healthy aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1349449. [PMID: 38524117 PMCID: PMC10957632 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1349449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal volume is particularly sensitive to the accumulation of total brain white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH) in aging, but how the regional distribution of WMH volume differentially impacts the hippocampus has been less studied. In a cohort of 194 healthy older adults ages 50-89, we used a multivariate statistical method, the Scaled Subprofile Model (SSM), to (1) identify patterns of regional WMH differences related to left and right hippocampal volumes, (2) examine associations between the multimodal neuroimaging covariance patterns and demographic characteristics, and (3) investigate the relation of the patterns to subjective and objective memory in healthy aging. We established network covariance patterns of regional WMH volume differences associated with greater left and right hippocampal volumes, which were characterized by reductions in left temporal and right parietal WMH volumes and relative increases in bilateral occipital WMH volumes. Additionally, we observed lower expression of these hippocampal-related regional WMH patterns were significantly associated with increasing age and greater subjective memory complaints, but not objective memory performance in this healthy older adult cohort. Our findings indicate that, in cognitively healthy older adults, left and right hippocampal volume reductions were associated with differences in the regional distribution of WMH volumes, which were exacerbated by advancing age and related to greater subjective memory complaints. Multivariate network analyses, like SSM, may help elucidate important early effects of regional WMH volume on brain and cognitive aging in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew D. Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Georg A. Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew J. Huentelman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Theodore P. Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Zhou L, Yang W, Liu Y, Li J, Zhao M, Liu G, Zhang J. Correlations between cognitive reserve, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volume in healthy elders and mild cognitive impairment patients. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1355546. [PMID: 38497043 PMCID: PMC10941649 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1355546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of cognitive reserve (CR) on brain volume and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy elders (HE). Methods 31 HE and 50 MCI patients were collected in this study to obtain structural MRI, cognitive function, and composite CR scores. Educational attainment, leisure time, and working activity ratings from two groups were used to generate cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq) scores. The different volumes of brain regions and CSF were obtained using uAI research portal in both groups, which were taken as the regions of interest (ROI), the correlation analysis between ROIs and CRIq scores were conducted. Results The scores of CRIq, CRIq-leisure time, and CRIq-education in HE group were significantly higher than patients in MCI group, and the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and minimum mental state examination (MMSE) scores were positively correlated with the CRIq, CRIq-education in both groups, and were positively correlated with CRIq-leisure time in MCI group. The scores of auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) and verbal fluency test (VFT) were also positively correlated with CRIq, CRIq-leisure time, and CRIq-education in MCI group, but the score of AVLT was only positively correlated with CRIq in HE group. Moreover, in MCI group, the volume of the right middle cingulate cortex and the right parahippocampal gyrus were negatively correlated with the CRIq, and the volume of CSF, peripheral CSF, and third ventricle were positively correlated with the CRIq-leisure time score. The result of mediation analysis suggested that right parahippocampal gryus mediated the main effect of the relationship between CRIq and MoCA score in MCI group. Conclusion People with higher CR show better levels of cognitive function, and MCI patients with higher CR showed more severe volume atrophy of the right middle cingulate cortex and the right parahippocampal gyrus, but more CSF at a given level of global cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
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Hao X, Li J, Ma M, Qin J, Zhang D, Liu F. Hypergraph convolutional network for longitudinal data analysis in Alzheimer's disease. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107765. [PMID: 38042101 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disease. Longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data have been widely used for tracking AD pathogenesis and diagnosis. However, existing methods tend to treat each time point equally without considering the temporal characteristics of longitudinal data. In this paper, we propose a weighted hypergraph convolution network (WHGCN) to use the internal correlations among different time points and leverage high-order relationships between subjects for AD detection. Specifically, we construct hypergraphs for sMRI data at each time point using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) method to represent relationships between subjects, and then fuse the hypergraphs according to the importance of the data at each time point to obtain the final hypergraph. Subsequently, we use hypergraph convolution to learn high-order information between subjects while performing feature dimensionality reduction. Finally, we conduct experiments on 518 subjects selected from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) database, and the results show that the WHGCN can get higher AD detection performance and has the potential to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Hao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Jiawang Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Mingming Ma
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Centre for Smart Health, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Song H, Bharadwaj PK, Raichlen DA, Habeck CG, Huentelman MJ, Hishaw GA, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Association of homocysteine-related subcortical brain atrophy with white matter lesion volume and cognition in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 121:129-138. [PMID: 36436304 PMCID: PMC10002471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a vascular risk factor associated with cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disease but has also been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using multivariate Scaled Subprofile Model (SSM) analysis, we sought to identify a network pattern in structural neuroimaging reflecting the regionally distributed association of plasma Hcy with subcortical gray matter (SGM) volumes and its relation to other health risk factors and cognition in 160 healthy older adults, ages 50-89. We identified an SSM Hcy-SGM pattern that was characterized by bilateral hippocampal and nucleus accumbens volume reductions with relative volume increases in bilateral caudate, pallidum, and putamen. Greater Hcy-SGM pattern expression was associated with greater white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, older age, and male sex, but not with other vascular and AD-related risk factors. Mediation analyses revealed that age predicted WMH volume, which predicted Hcy-SGM pattern expression, which, in turn, predicted cognitive processing speed performance. These findings suggest that the multivariate SSM Hcy-SGM pattern may be indicative of cognitive aging, reflecting a potential link between vascular health and cognitive dysfunction in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Song
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian G Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Wu J, Su Y, Zhu W, Mallak NJ, Lepore N, Reiman EM, Caselli RJ, Thompson PM, Chen K, Wang Y. Improved Prediction of Amyloid-β and Tau Burden Using Hippocampal Surface Multivariate Morphometry Statistics and Sparse Coding. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:637-651. [PMID: 36463452 PMCID: PMC9940990 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain are the defining 'A' and 'T' hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and together with structural atrophy detectable on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans as one of the neurodegenerative ('N') biomarkers comprise the "ATN framework" of AD. Current methods to detect Aβ/tau pathology include cerebrospinal fluid (invasive), positron emission tomography (PET; costly and not widely available), and blood-based biomarkers (promising but mainly still in development). OBJECTIVE To develop a non-invasive and widely available structural MRI-based framework to quantitatively predict the amyloid and tau measurements. METHODS With MRI-based hippocampal multivariate morphometry statistics (MMS) features, we apply our Patch Analysis-based Surface Correntropy-induced Sparse coding and max-pooling (PASCS-MP) method combined with the ridge regression model to individual amyloid/tau measure prediction. RESULTS We evaluate our framework on amyloid PET/MRI and tau PET/MRI datasets from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Each subject has one pair consisting of a PET image and MRI scan, collected at about the same time. Experimental results suggest that amyloid/tau measurements predicted with our PASCP-MP representations are closer to the real values than the measures derived from other approaches, such as hippocampal surface area, volume, and shape morphometry features based on spherical harmonics. CONCLUSION The MMS-based PASCP-MP is an efficient tool that can bridge hippocampal atrophy with amyloid and tau pathology and thus help assess disease burden, progression, and treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wu
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Negar Jalili Mallak
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Natasha Lepore
- CIBORG Lab, Department of Radiology Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Banerjee A, Malayaperumal S, Pathak S. Healthy Aging: Perseverance to Well Being. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:1245-1247. [PMID: 36959136 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230320120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Sarubala Malayaperumal
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
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Sang F, Xu K, Chen Y. Brain Network Organization and Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:99-108. [PMID: 37418209 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent substantial progress in neuroscience, the mechanisms and principles of the complex structure, functions, and the relationship between the brain and cognitive functions have not been fully understood. The modeling method of brain network can provide a new perspective for neuroscience research, and it is possible to provide new solutions to the related research problems. On this basis, the researchers define the concept of human brain connectome to highlight and emphasize the importance of network modeling methods in neuroscience. For example, using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) technology and fiber tractography methods, a white matter connection network of the whole brain can be constructed. From the perspective of brain function, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data can build the brain functional connection network. A structural covariation modeling method is used to obtain a brain structure covariation network, and it appears to reflect developmental coordination or synchronized maturation between areas of the brain. In addition, network modeling and analysis methods can also be applied to other types of image data, such as positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). This chapter mainly reviews the research progress of researchers on brain structure, function, and other aspects at the network level in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:43. [PMID: 35715821 PMCID: PMC9204954 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A consequence of our progressively ageing global population is the increasing prevalence of worldwide age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In the absence of effective therapeutic interventions, identifying risk factors associated with cognitive decline becomes increasingly vital. Novel perspectives suggest that a dynamic bidirectional communication system between the gut, its microbiome, and the central nervous system, commonly referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, may be a contributing factor for cognitive health and disease. However, the exact mechanisms remain undefined. Microbial-derived metabolites produced in the gut can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier, enter systemic circulation and trigger physiological responses both directly and indirectly affecting the central nervous system and its functions. Dysregulation of this system (i.e., dysbiosis) can modulate cytotoxic metabolite production, promote neuroinflammation and negatively impact cognition. In this review, we explore critical connections between microbial-derived metabolites (secondary bile acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), tryptophan derivatives and others) and their influence upon cognitive function and neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular interest in their less-explored role as risk factors of cognitive decline.
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Jester H, Gosrani S, Ding H, Zhou X, Ko MC, Ma T. Characterization of Early Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathological Alterations in Non-Human Primates with Aging: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:957-970. [PMID: 35723096 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic or late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with aging the most known risk factor. Non-human primates (NHPs) may serve as an excellent model to study LOAD because of their close similarity to humans in many aspects including neuroanatomy and neurodevelopment. Recent studies reveal AD-like pathology in old NHPs. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we took advantage of brain samples from 6 Cynomolgus macaques that were divided into two groups: middle aged (average age 14.81 years) and older (average age 19.33 years). We investigated whether AD-like brain pathologies are present in the NHPs. METHODS We used immunohistochemical method to examine brain Aβ pathology and neuron density. We applied biochemical assays to measure tau phosphorylation and multiple signaling pathways indicated in AD. We performed electron microscopy experiments to study alterations of postsynaptic density and mitochondrial morphology in the brain of NHPs. RESULTS We found multiple AD-like pathological alteration in the prefrontal cortex (but not in the hippocampus) of the older NHPs including tau hyperphosphorylation, increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), decreased expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), impairments in mitochondrial morphology, and postsynaptic densities formation. CONCLUSION These findings may provide insights into the factors contributing to the development of LOAD, particularly during the early stage transitioning from middle to old age. Future endeavors are warranted to elucidate mechanisms underlying the regional (and perhaps cellular) vulnerability with aging and the functional correlation of such pathological changes in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jester
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Saahj Gosrani
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Wang XK, Wang XQ, Yang X, Yuan LX. Gray Matter Network Associated With Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:922720. [PMID: 35859604 PMCID: PMC9289184 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.922720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders; however, the underlying neural mechanisms for the inattention symptom remain elusive for children with ADHD. At present, the majority of studies have analyzed the structural MRI (sMRI) with the univariate method, which fails to demonstrate the interregional covarying relationship of gray matter (GM) volumes among brain regions. The scaled subprofile model of principal component analysis (SSM-PCA) is a multivariate method, which can detect more robust brain-behavioral phenotype association compared to the univariate analysis method. This study aims to identify the GM network associated with attention in children with ADHD by applying SSM-PCA to the sMRI. METHODS The sMRI of 209 children with ADHD and 209 typically developing controls (TDCs) aged 7-14 years from the ADHD-200 dataset was used for anatomical computation, and the GM volume in each brain region was acquired. Then, SSM-PCA was applied to the GM volumes of all the subjects to capture the GM network of children with ADHD (i.e., ADHD-related pattern). The relationship between the expression of ADHD-related pattern and inattention symptom was further investigated. Finally, the influence of sample size on the analysis of this study was explored. RESULTS The ADHD-related pattern mainly included putamen, pallium, caudate, thalamus, right accumbens, superior/middle/inferior frontal cortex, superior occipital cortex, superior parietal cortex, and left middle occipital cortex. In addition, the expression of the ADHD-related pattern was related to inattention scores measured by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale long version (CPRS-LV; r = 0.25, p = 0.0004) and the DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS; r = 0.18, p = 0.03). Finally, we found that when the sample size was 252, the results of ADHD-related pattern were relatively reliable. Similarly, the sample size needed to be 162 when exploring the relationship between ADHD-related pattern and behavioral indicator measured by CPRS-LV. CONCLUSION We captured a GM network associated with attention in children with ADHD, which is different from that in adolescents and adults with ADHD. Our findings may shed light on the diverse neural mechanisms of inattention and provide treatment targets for children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ke Wang
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Wang
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,TMS Center, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,TMS Center, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Xia Yuan
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,TMS Center, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Salvadó G, Ferreira D, Operto G, Cumplido-Mayoral I, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Cacciaglia R, Falcon C, Vilor-Tejedor N, Minguillon C, Groot C, van der Flier WM, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Ossenkoppele R, Kern S, Zettergren A, Skoog I, Hort J, Stomrud E, van Westen D, Hansson O, Molinuevo JL, Wahlund LO, Westman E, Gispert JD. The protective gene dose effect of the APOE ε2 allele on gray matter volume in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1383-1395. [PMID: 34877786 PMCID: PMC9542211 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Harboring two copies of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 allele strongly protects against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of this genotype on gray matter (GM) volume in cognitively unimpaired individuals has not yet been described. METHODS Multicenter brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from cognitively unimpaired ε2 homozygotes were matched (1:1) against all other APOE genotypes for relevant confounders (n = 223). GM volumes of ε2 genotypic groups were compared to each other and to the reference group (APOE ε3/ε3). RESULTS Carrying at least one ε2 allele was associated with larger GM volumes in brain areas typically affected by AD and also in areas associated with cognitive resilience. APOE ε2 homozygotes, but not APOE ε2 heterozygotes, showed larger GM volumes in areas related to successful aging. DISCUSSION In addition to the known resistance against amyloid-β deposition, the larger GM volumes in key brain regions may confer APOE ε2 homozygotes additional protection against AD-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Salvadó
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Grégory Operto
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Cumplido-Mayoral
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Genetics, ERASMUS MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Colin Groot
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Institutes of Neurology & Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakub Hort
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Diagnostic Radiology, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Image and Function, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Manning Franke L, Perera RA, Aygemang AA, Marquardt CA, Teich C, Sponheim SR, Duncan CC, Walker WC. Auditory evoked brain potentials as markers of chronic effects of mild traumatic brain injury in mid-life. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2979-2988. [PMID: 34715422 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auditory event-related potential (ERP) correlates of pre-dementia in late-life may also be sensitive to chronic effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in mid-life. In addition to mTBI history, other clinical factors may also influence ERP measures of brain function. This study's objective was to evaluate the relationship between mTBI history, auditory ERP metrics, and common comorbidities. METHODS ERPs elicited during an auditory target detection task, psychological symptoms, and hearing sensitivity were collected in 152 combat-exposed veterans and service members, as part of a prospective observational cohort study. Participants, with an average age of 43.6 years, were grouped according to positive (n = 110) or negative (n = 42) mTBI history. Positive histories were subcategorized into repetitive mTBI (3 + ) (n = 40) or non-repetitive (1-2) (n = 70). RESULTS Positive history of mTBI was associated with reduced N200 amplitude to targets and novel distractors. In participants with repetitive mTBI compared to non-repetitive and no mTBI, P50 was larger in response to nontargets and N100 was smaller in response to nontargets and targets. Changes in N200 were mediated by depression and anxiety symptoms and hearing loss, with no evidence of a supplementary direct mTBI pathway. CONCLUSIONS Auditory brain function differed between the positive and negative mTBI groups, especially for repetitive injury, which implicated more basic, early auditory processing than did any mTBI exposure. Symptoms of internalizing psychopathology (depression and anxiety) and hearing loss are implicated in mTBI's diminished brain responses to behaviorally relevant and novel stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE A mid-life neurologic vulnerability conferred by mTBI, particularly repetitive mTBI, may be detectable using auditory brain potentials, and so auditory ERPs are a target for study of dementia risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Manning Franke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, USA.
| | - Robert A Perera
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
| | - Amma A Aygemang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
| | - Craig A Marquardt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | | | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | - Connie C Duncan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA.
| | - William C Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, USA.
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14
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Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Bharadwaj PK, Alexander GE. Differential associations of engagement in physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with brain volume in middle-aged to older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1994-2003. [PMID: 31209836 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has confirmed the benefits of aerobic exercise for brain aging, however mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Two measures of exercise, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), may reflect different pathways linking activity to brain health. Using data from the UK Biobank, the largest sample combining neuroimaging and objectively measured MVPA available to date (n = 7148, nmale = 3062, nfemale = 4086; age = 62.14 ± 7.40 years), we found that, when adjusted for covariates including MVPA, CRF was positively associated with overall gray matter volume (FDR p = 1.28E-05). In contrast, when adjusted for covariates including CRF, MVPA was positively associated with left and right hippocampal (FDR pleft = 0.01; FDR pright = 0.02) volumes, but not overall gray matter volume. Both CRF and MVPA were inversely associated with white matter hyperintensity lesion loads (FDR pCRF = 0.002; pMVPA = 0.02). Our results suggest separable effects of engagement in exercise behaviors (MVPA) and the physiological effects of exercise (CRF) on structural brain volumes, which may have implications for differential pathways linking exercise and brain benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 E. South Campus Dr., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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15
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Acitretin reverses early functional network degradation in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6649. [PMID: 33758244 PMCID: PMC7988040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of local functional networks underlies memory and cognition deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hyperactivity was observed in microcircuits of mice AD-models showing plaques, and also recently in early stage AD mutants prior to amyloid deposition. However, early functional effects of AD on cortical microcircuits remain unresolved. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we found altered temporal distributions (burstiness) in the spontaneous activity of layer II/III visual cortex neurons, in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease (5xFAD), before plaque formation. Graph theory (GT) measures revealed a distinct network topology of 5xFAD microcircuits, as compared to healthy controls, suggesting degradation of parameters related to network robustness. After treatment with acitretin, we observed a re-balancing of those network measures in 5xFAD mice; particularly in the mean degree distribution, related to network development and resilience, and post-treatment values resembled those of age-matched controls. Further, behavioral deficits, and the increase of excitatory synapse numbers in layer II/III were reversed after treatment. GT is widely applied for whole-brain network analysis in human neuroimaging, we here demonstrate the translational value of GT as a multi-level tool, to probe networks at different levels in order to assess treatments, explore mechanisms, and contribute to early diagnosis.
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16
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Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Hishaw GA, Huentelman MJ, Trouard TP, Grilli MD, Alexander GE. Influence of regional white matter hyperintensity volume and apolipoprotein E ε4 status on hippocampal volume in healthy older adults. Hippocampus 2021; 31:469-480. [PMID: 33586848 PMCID: PMC9119498 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been associated with hippocampal atrophy, less is known about how the regional distribution of WMH volume may differentially affect the hippocampus in healthy aging. Additionally, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers may be at an increased risk for greater WMH volumes and hippocampal atrophy in aging. The present study sought to investigate whether regional WMH volume mediates the relationship between age and hippocampal volume and if this association is moderated by APOE ε4 status in a group of 190 cognitively healthy adults (APOE ε4 status [carrier/non-carrier] = 59/131), ages 50-89. Analyses revealed that temporal lobe WMH volume significantly mediated the relationship between age and average bilateral hippocampal volume, and this effect was moderated by APOE ε4 status (-0.020 (SE = 0.009), 95% CI, [-0.039, -0.003]). APOE ε4 carriers, but not non-carriers, showed negative indirect effects of age on hippocampal volume through temporal lobe WMH volume (APOE ε4 carriers: -0.016 (SE = 0.007), 95% CI, [-0.030, -0.003]; APOE ε4 non-carriers: .005 (SE = 0.006), 95% CI, [-0.006, 0.017]). These findings remained significant after additionally adjusting for sex, years of education, hypertension status and duration, cholesterol status, diabetes status, Body Mass Index, history of smoking, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Full Scale IQ. There were no significant moderated mediation effects for frontal, parietal, and occipital lobe WMH volumes, with or without covariates. Our findings indicate that in cognitively healthy older adults, elevated WMH volume regionally localized to the temporal lobes in APOE ε4 carriers is associated with reduced hippocampal volume, suggesting greater vulnerability to brain aging and the risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew D Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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17
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Franchetti MK, Bharadwaj PK, Nguyen LA, Van Etten EJ, Klimentidis YC, Hishaw GA, Trouard TP, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE. Interaction of Age and Self-reported Physical Sports Activity on White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:576025. [PMID: 33240074 PMCID: PMC7667263 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.576025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter (WM) lesion load, as measured by white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been associated with increasing age and cardiovascular risk factors, like hypertension. Physical sports activity (PSA) may play an important role in maintaining WM in the context of healthy aging. In 196 healthy older adults, we investigated whether participants reporting high levels of PSA (n = 36) had reduced total and regional WMH volumes compared to those reporting low levels of PSA (n = 160). Age group [young-old (YO) = 50-69 years; old-old (OO) = 70-89 years], PSA group, and age by PSA group interaction effects were tested, with sex, hypertension, and body mass index (BMI) as covariates. We found significant main effects for age group and age by PSA group interactions for total, frontal, temporal, and parietal WMH volumes. There were no main effects of PSA group on WMH volumes. The OO group with low PSA had greater total, frontal, temporal, and parietal WMH volumes than the YO with low PSA and OO with high PSA groups. WMH volumes for the YO and OO groups with high PSA were comparable. These findings indicate an age group difference in those with low PSA, with greater WMH volumes in older adults, which was not observed in those with high PSA. The results suggest that engaging in high levels of PSA may be an important lifestyle factor that can help to diminish WMH lesion load in old age, potentially reducing the impact of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Franchetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lauren A. Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emily J. Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Georg A. Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Theodore P. Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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18
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Werden E, Khlif MS, Bird LJ, Cumming T, Bradshaw J, Khan W, Pase M, Restrepo C, Veldsman M, Egorova N, Patel SK, Gottlieb E, Brodtmann A. APOE ɛ4 Carriers Show Delayed Recovery of Verbal Memory and Smaller Entorhinal Volume in the First Year After Ischemic Stroke. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:245-259. [PMID: 31381519 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene ɛ4 allele is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. However, its relationship with cognition and brain volume after stroke is not clear. OBJECTIVE We compared cognition and medial temporal lobe volumes in APOEɛ4 carriers and non-carriers in the first year after ischemic stroke. METHODS We sampled 20 APOEɛ4 carriers and 20 non-carriers from a larger cohort of 135 ischemic stroke participants in the longitudinal CANVAS study. Participants were matched on a range of demographic and stroke characteristics. We used linear mixed-effect models to compare cognitive domain z-scores (attention, processing speed, executive function, verbal and visual memory, language, visuospatial function) and regional medial temporal lobe volumes (hippocampal, entorhinal cortex) between groups at each time-point (3, 12-months post-stroke), and within groups across time-points. APOE gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs7412, rs429358) were genotyped on venous blood. RESULTS APOEɛ4 carriers and non-carriers did not differ on any demographic, clinical, or stroke variable. Carriers performed worse than non-carriers in verbal memory at 3 months post-stroke (p = 0.046), but were better in executive function at 12 months (p = 0.035). Carriers demonstrated a significant improvement in verbal memory (p = 0.012) and executive function (p = 0.015) between time-points. Non-carriers demonstrated a significant improvement in visual memory (p = 0.0005). Carriers had smaller bilateral entorhinal cortex volumes (p < 0.05), and larger right sided and contralesional hippocampal volumes, at both time-points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION APOE ɛ4 is associated with delayed recovery of verbal memory function and reduced entorhinal cortex volumes in the first year after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura J Bird
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Toby Cumming
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Wasim Khan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Pase
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolina Restrepo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michele Veldsman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalia Egorova
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheila K Patel
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elie Gottlieb
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Alexander GE, Lin L, Yoshimaru ES, Bharadwaj PK, Bergfield KL, Hoang LT, Chawla MK, Chen K, Moeller JR, Barnes CA, Trouard TP. Age-Related Regional Network Covariance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gray Matter in the Rat. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:267. [PMID: 33005147 PMCID: PMC7479213 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy human aging has been associated with brain atrophy in prefrontal and selective temporal regions, but reductions in other brain areas have been observed. We previously found regional covariance patterns of gray matter with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthy humans and rhesus macaques, using multivariate network Scaled Subprofile Model (SSM) analysis and voxel-based morphometry (VBM), supporting aging effects including in prefrontal and temporal cortices. This approach has yet to be applied to neuroimaging in rodent models of aging. We investigated 7.0T MRI gray matter covariance in 10 young and 10 aged adult male Fischer 344 rats to identify, using SSM VBM, the age-related regional network gray matter covariance pattern in the rodent. SSM VBM identified a regional pattern that distinguished young from aged rats, characterized by reductions in prefrontal, temporal association/perirhinal, and cerebellar areas with relative increases in somatosensory, thalamic, midbrain, and hippocampal regions. Greater expression of the age-related MRI gray matter pattern was associated with poorer spatial learning in the age groups combined. Aging in the rat is characterized by a regional network pattern of gray matter reductions corresponding to aging effects previously observed in humans and non-human primates. SSM MRI network analyses can advance translational aging neuroscience research, extending from human to small animal models, with potential for evaluating mechanisms and interventions for cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Eriko S. Yoshimaru
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kaitlin L. Bergfield
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lan T. Hoang
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Monica K. Chawla
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kewei Chen
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Banner Samaritan PET Center and Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - James R. Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Theodore P. Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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20
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Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Nguyen LA, Hishaw GA, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Right hippocampal volume mediation of subjective memory complaints differs by hypertension status in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:271-280. [PMID: 32688134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) may be an important early indicator of cognitive aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease risk. This study investigated whether age-related differences in right or left hippocampal volume underlie SMCs, if these relationships differ by hypertension status, and how they are related to objective memory performance in a group of 190 healthy older adults, 50-89 years of age. Analyses revealed a significant mediation of the relationship between age and mild SMCs by right hippocampal volume that was moderated by hypertension status. This moderated mediation effect was not observed with left hippocampal volume. Additionally, a moderated serial mediation model showed that age predicted right hippocampal volume, which predicted SMCs, and in turn predicted objective memory performance on several measures of verbal selective reminding in individuals with hypertension, but not in non-hypertensives. Together, these findings suggest that even mild SMCs, in the context of hypertension, provide an early indicator of cognitive aging, reflecting a potential link among vascular risk, SMCs, and the preclinical risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren A Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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21
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Park KS, Ganesh AB, Berry NT, Mobley YP, Karper WB, Labban JD, Wahlheim CN, Williams TM, Wideman L, Etnier JL. The effect of physical activity on cognition relative to APOE genotype (PAAD-2): study protocol for a phase II randomized control trial. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:231. [PMID: 32503473 PMCID: PMC7274941 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By 2050, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the United States is predicted to reach 13.8 million. Despite worldwide research efforts, a cure for AD has not been identified. Thus, it is critical to identify preventive strategies that can reduce the risk of or delay the onset of AD. Physical activity (PA) has potential in this regard. This randomized clinical trial aims to (a) test the causal relationship between PA and AD-associated cognitive function for persons with a family history of AD (FH+), (b) determine the moderating role of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) carrier status on cognition, and (c) assess cerebral structure, cerebral function, and putative biomarkers as mediators of the effects of PA on cognition. METHODS We are recruiting cognitively normal, middle aged (40-65 years) sedentary adults with FH+. Participants are randomly assigned to a 12-month PA intervention for 3 days/week or to a control group maintaining their normal lifestyle. Saliva samples are taken at pre-test to determine APOE genotype. At pre-, mid-, and post-tests, participants complete a series of cognitive tests to assess information-processing speed, verbal and visual episodic memory, constructional praxis, mnemonic discrimination, and higher-order executive functions. At pre- and post-tests, brain imaging and blood biomarkers are assessed. DISCUSSION We hypothesize that 1) the PA group will demonstrate improved cognition compared with controls; 2) PA-derived cognitive changes will be moderated by APOE4 status; and 3) PA-induced changes in neural and blood biomarkers will contribute to cognitive changes and differ as a function of APOE4 status. Our results may provide important insights into the potential of PA to preserve neurocognitive function in people with a heightened risk of AD due to FH+ and as moderated by APOE4 status. By using sophisticated analytic techniques to assess APOE as a moderator and neurobiological mechanisms as mediators across trajectories of cognitive change in response to PA, we will advance our understanding of the potential of PA in protecting against AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03876314. Registered March 15, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Shin Park
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Alexis B Ganesh
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | | | - Yashonda P Mobley
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - William B Karper
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Labban
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Christopher N Wahlheim
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Tomika M Williams
- Department of Advanced Nursing Practice and Education, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Jennifer L Etnier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
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22
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Cacciaglia R, Molinuevo JL, Falcón C, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Sánchez-Benavides G, Brugulat-Serrat A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Gispert JD. APOE-ε4 Shapes the Cerebral Organization in Cognitively Intact Individuals as Reflected by Structural Gray Matter Networks. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4110-4120. [PMID: 32163130 PMCID: PMC7264689 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray matter networks (GMn) provide essential information on the intrinsic organization of the brain and appear to be disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 represents the major genetic risk factor for AD, yet the association between APOE-ε4 and GMn has remained unexplored. Here, we determine the impact of APOE-ε4 on GMn in a large sample of cognitively unimpaired individuals, which was enriched for the genetic risk of AD. We used independent component analysis to retrieve sources of structural covariance and analyzed APOE group differences within and between networks. Analyses were repeated in a subsample of amyloid-negative subjects. Compared with noncarriers and heterozygotes, APOE-ε4 homozygotes showed increased covariance in one network including primarily right-lateralized, parietal, inferior frontal, as well as inferior and middle temporal regions, which mirrored the formerly described AD-signature. This result was confirmed in a subsample of amyloid-negative individuals. APOE-ε4 carriers showed reduced covariance between two networks encompassing frontal and temporal regions, which constitute preferential target of amyloid deposition. Our data indicate that, in asymptomatic individuals, APOE-ε4 shapes the cerebral organization in a way that recapitulates focal morphometric alterations observed in AD patients, even in absence of amyloid pathology. This suggests that structural vulnerability in neuronal networks associated with APOE-ε4 may be an early event in AD pathogenesis, possibly upstream of amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28089 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28089 Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falcón
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBERBBN), 28089 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28089 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28089 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Brugulat-Serrat
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28089 Madrid, Spain.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41390 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41390 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41390 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41390 Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, WC1E 6BT London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBERBBN), 28089 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Lamballais S, Muetzel RL, Ikram MA, Tiemeier H, Vernooij MW, White T, Adams HHH. Genetic Burden for Late-Life Neurodegenerative Disease and Its Association With Early-Life Lipids, Brain, Behavior, and Cognition. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:33. [PMID: 32116848 PMCID: PMC7018686 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetics play a significant role in the etiology of late-life neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. Part of the individual differences in risk for these diseases can be traced back decades before the onset of disease symptoms. Previous studies have shown evidence for plausible links of apolipoprotein E (APOE), the most important genetic marker for Alzheimer's disease, with early-life cognition and neuroimaging markers. We aimed to assess whether genome-wide genetic burden for the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases plays a role in early-life processes. METHODS We studied children from the Generation R Study, a prospective birth cohort. APOE genotypes and polygenic genetic burdens for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia were obtained through genome-wide genotyping. Non-verbal intelligence was assessed through cognitive tests at the research center around the age of 6 years, and educational attainment through a national school performance test around the age of 11 years. The Child Behavior Checklist was administered around the age of 10 years, and data from the anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, and the internalizing behavior problems scales were used. Children participated in a neuroimaging study when they were 10 years old, in which structural brain metrics were obtained. Lipid serum profiles, which may be influenced by APOE genotype, were assessed from venal blood obtained around the age of 6 years. The sample size per analysis varied between 1,641 and 3,650 children due to completeness of data. RESULTS We did not find evidence that APOE genotype or the polygenic scores impact on childhood nonverbal intelligence, educational attainment, internalizing behavior, and global brain structural measures including total brain volume and whole brain fractional anisotropy (all p > 0.05). Carriership of the APOE ε2 allele was associated with lower and APOE ε4 with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations when compared to APOE ε3/ε3 carriers. CONCLUSION We found no evidence that genetic burden for late-life neurodegenerative diseases associates with early-life cognition, internalizing behavior, or global brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Lamballais
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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24
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Novellino F, López ME, Vaccaro MG, Miguel Y, Delgado ML, Maestu F. Association Between Hippocampus, Thalamus, and Caudate in Mild Cognitive Impairment APOEε4 Carriers: A Structural Covariance MRI Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1303. [PMID: 31920926 PMCID: PMC6933953 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is widely recognized as one of the most important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) development, the neural mechanisms by which the ε4 allele promotes the AD occurring remain under debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate neurobiological effects of the APOE-genotype on the pattern of the structural covariance in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. Methods: We enrolled 95 MCI subjects and 49 healthy controls. According to APOE-genotype, MCI subjects were divided into three groups: APOEε4 non-carriers (MCIε4-/-, n = 55), APOEε4 heterozygous carriers (MCIε4+/-, n = 31), and APOEε4 homozygous carriers (MCIε4+/+, n = 9) while all controls were APOEε4 non-carriers. In order to explore their brain structural pattern, T1-weighted anatomical brain 1.5-T MRI scans were collected. A whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed, and all significant regions (p < 0.05 family-wise error, whole brain) were selected as a region of interest for the structural covariance analysis. Moreover, in order to evaluate the progression of the disease, a clinical follow-up was performed for 2 years. Results: The F-test showed in voxel-based morphometry analysis a strong overall difference among the groups in the middle frontal and temporal gyri and in the bilateral hippocampi, thalami, and parahippocampal gyri, with a grading in the atrophy in these latter three structures according to the following order: MCIε4+/+ > MCIε4+/- > MCIε4-/- > controls. Structural covariance analysis revealed a strong structural association between the left thalamus and the left caudate and between the right hippocampus and the left caudate (p < 0.05 family-wise error, whole brain) in the MCIε4 carrier groups (MCIε4+/+ > MCIε4+/-), whereas no significant associations were observed in MCIε4-/- subjects. Of note, the 38% of MCIs enrolled in this study developed AD within 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion: This study improves the knowledge on neurobiological effect of APOE ε4 in early pathophysiological phenomena underlying the MCI-to-AD evolution, as our results demonstrate changes in the structural association between hippocampal formation and thalamo-striatal connections occurring in MCI ε4 carriers. Our results strongly support the role of subcortical structures in MCI ε4 carriers and open a clinical window on the role of these structures as early disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Novellino
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - María Eugenia López
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yus Miguel
- Radiology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Delgado
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestu
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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25
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APOE modifies the interaction of entorhinal cerebral blood flow and cortical thickness on memory function in cognitively normal older adults. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116162. [PMID: 31493534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene increases risk for cognitive decline in normal and pathologic aging. However, precisely how APOE ε4 exerts its negative impact on cognition is poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine whether APOE genotype (ε4+ vs. ε4-) modifies the interaction of medial temporal lobe (MTL) resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain structure (cortical thickness [CT], volume [Vo]) on verbal memory performance. METHODS Multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate relationships between APOE genotype, arterial spin labeling MRI-measured CBF and FreeSurfer-based CT and Vo in four MTL regions of interest (left and right entorhinal cortex and hippocampus), and verbal memory performance among a sample of 117 cognitively normal older adults (41 ε4+, 76 ε4-) between the ages of 64 and 89 (mean age = 73). RESULTS Results indicated that APOE genotype modified the interaction of CBF and CT on memory in the left entorhinal cortex, such that the relationship between entorhinal CBF and memory was negative (lower CBF was associated with better memory) in non-carriers with higher entorhinal CT, positive (higher CBF was associated with better memory) in non-carriers with lower entorhinal CT, and negative (higher CBF was associated with worse memory) in ε4 carriers with lower entorhinal CT. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that older adult APOE ε4 carriers may experience vascular dysregulation and concomitant morphological alterations in the MTL that interact to negatively affect memory even in the absence overt clinical symptoms, providing potential insight into the mechanistic link between APOE ε4 and detriments in cognition. Moreover, findings suggest a distinct multimodal neural signature in ε4 carriers (higher CBF and lower CT in the entorhinal cortex) that could aid in the identification of candidates for future clinical trials aimed at preventing or slowing cognitive decline. Differential findings with respect to ε4 carriers and non-carriers are discussed in the context of neurovascular compensation.
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26
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite changes to brain integrity with aging, some functions like basic language processes remain remarkably preserved. One theory for the maintenance of function in light of age-related brain atrophy is the engagement of compensatory brain networks. This study examined age-related changes in the neural networks recruited for simple language comprehension. METHODS Sixty-five adults (native English-speaking, right-handed, and cognitively normal) aged 17-85 years underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reading paradigm and structural scanning. The fMRI data were analyzed using independent component analysis to derive brain networks associated with reading comprehension. RESULTS Two typical frontotemporal language networks were identified, and these networks remained relatively stable across the wide age range. In contrast, three attention-related networks showed increased activation with increasing age. Furthermore, the increased recruitment of a dorsal attention network was negatively correlated to gray matter thickness in temporal regions, whereas an anterior frontoparietal network was positively correlated to gray matter thickness in insular regions. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that older adults can exert increased effort and recruit additional attentional resources to maintain their reading abilities in light of increased cortical atrophy.
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27
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Li K, Luo X, Zeng Q, Huang P, Shen Z, Xu X, Xu J, Wang C, Zhou J, Zhang M. Gray matter structural covariance networks changes along the Alzheimer's disease continuum. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101828. [PMID: 31029051 PMCID: PMC6484365 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a long neuropathological accumulation phase before the onset of dementia. Such AD neuropathological deposition between neurons impairs the synaptic communication, resulting in networks disorganization. Our study aimed to explore the evolution patterns of gray matter structural covariance networks (SCNs) along AD continuum. Based on the AT(N) (i.e., Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration) pathological classification system, we classified subjects into four groups using cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta1–42 (A) and phosphorylated tau protein181 (T). We identified 101 subjects with normal AD biomarkers (A-T-), 40 subjects with Alzheimer's pathologic change (A + T−), 101 subjects with biological AD (A + T+) and 91 AD with dementia (demented subjects with A + T+). We used four regions of interest to anchor default mode network (DMN, medial temporal subsystem and midline core subsystem), salience network (SN) and executive control network (ECN). Finally, we used a multi-regression model-based linear-interaction analysis to assess the SCN changes. Along the disease progression, DMN and SN showed increased structural association at the early stage while decreased structural association at the late stage. Moreover, ECN showed progressively increased structural association as AD neuropathological profiles progress. In conclusion, this study found the dynamic trajectory of SCNs changes along the AD continuum and support the network disconnection hypothesis underlying AD neuropathological progression. Further, SCN may potentially serve as an effective AD biomarker. To explore the AD continuum accurately by using the latest ATN classification system (based on neuropathological biomarkers). Using SCNs analysis to reflect the brain network changes, which may further lead to cognition alternations in AD. Results supported network disconnection hypothesis and showed a dynamic trajectory of SCNs changes along the AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China.
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APOE-ε4 risk variant for Alzheimer's disease modifies the association between cognitive performance and cerebral morphology in healthy middle-aged individuals. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101818. [PMID: 30991302 PMCID: PMC6463204 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The APOE-ε4 genotype is the highest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In cognitively unimpaired individuals, it has been related to altered brain morphology, function and earlier amyloid beta accumulation. However, its impact on cognitive performance is less evident. Here, we examine the impact of APOE-ε4 allele load in modulating the association between cognitive functioning and brain morphology in middle-aged healthy individuals. A high-resolution structural MRI scan was acquired and episodic memory (EM) as well as executive functions (EFs) were assessed in a sample of 527 middle-aged unimpaired individuals hosting a substantial representation of ε4-homozygous (N = 64). We adopted a voxel-wise unbiased method to assess whether the number of APOE-ε4 alleles significantly modified the associations between gray matter volumes (GMv) and performance in both cognitive domains. Even though the APOE-ε4 allele load did not exert a direct impact on any cognitive measures, it reversed the relationships between GMv and cognitive performance in a highly symmetrical topological pattern. For EM, interactions mapped onto the inferior temporal gyrus and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Regarding EFs, significant interactions were observed for processing speed, working memory, and visuospatial attention in distinct brain regions. These results suggest that APOE-ε4 carriers display a structure-function association corresponding to an older age than their chronological one. Our findings additionally indicate that APOE-ε4 carriers may rely on the integrity of multiple compensatory brain systems in order to preserve their cognitive abilities, possibly due to an incipient neurodegeneration. Overall this study provides novel insights on the mechanisms through which APOE-ε4 posits an increased AD risk.
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Irwin K, Sexton C, Daniel T, Lawlor B, Naci L. Healthy Aging and Dementia: Two Roads Diverging in Midlife? Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:275. [PMID: 30283329 PMCID: PMC6156266 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a growing pandemic that presents profound challenges to healthcare systems, families, and societies throughout the world. By 2050, the number of people living with dementia worldwide could almost triple, from 47 to 132 million, with associated costs rising to $3 trillion. To reduce the future incidence of dementia, there is an immediate need for interventions that target the disease process from its earliest stages. Research programs are increasingly starting to focus on midlife as a critical period for the beginning of AD-related pathology, yet the indicators of the incipient disease process in asymptomatic individuals remain poorly understood. We address this important knowledge gap by examining evidence for cognitive and structural brain changes that may differentiate, from midlife, healthy aging and pathological AD-related processes. This review crystallizes emerging trends for divergence between the two and highlights current limitations and opportunities for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Irwin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Claire Sexton
- Memory and Aging Center, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tarun Daniel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,The Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorina Naci
- The Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Badrnya S, Doherty T, Richardson C, McConnell RI, Lamont JV, Veitinger M, FitzGerald SP, Zellner M, Umlauf E. Development of a new biochip array for APOE4 classification from plasma samples using immunoassay-based methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018; 56:796-802. [PMID: 29220880 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a key player in lipid transport and metabolism and exists in three common isoforms: APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4. The presence of the E4 allelic variant is recognized as a major genetic risk factor for dementia and other chronic (neuro)degenerative diseases. The availability of a validated assay for rapid and reliable APOE4 classification is therefore advantageous. METHODS Biochip array technology (BAT) was successfully applied to identify directly the APOE4 status from plasma within 3 h, through simultaneous immunoassay-based detection of both specific APOE4 and total APOE levels. RESULTS Samples (n=432) were first genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and thereafter, using BAT, the corresponding plasma was identified as null, heterozygous or homozygous for the E4 allele by calculating the ratio of APOE4 to total APOE protein. Two centers based in Austria and Ireland correctly classified 170 and 262 samples, respectively, and achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS This chemiluminescent biochip-based sandwich immunoarray provides a novel platform to detect rapidly and accurately an individual's APOE4 status directly from plasma. The E4 genotype of individuals has been shown previously to affect presymptomatic risk, prognosis and treatment response for a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The biochip's potential for being incorporated in quantitative protein biomarker arrays capable of analyzing disease stages makes it a superior alternative to PCR-based APOE genotyping and may deliver additional protein-specific information on a variety of diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Badrnya
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tara Doherty
- Randox Teoranta, Meenmore, Dungloe, Co., Donegal, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Michael Veitinger
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maria Zellner
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ellen Umlauf
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Alterations in Normal Aging Revealed by Cortical Brain Network Constructed Using IBASPM. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:577-590. [PMID: 29663098 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging has been linked with the decline of cognitive functions, such as memory and executive skills. One of the prominent approaches to investigate the age-related alterations in the brain is by examining the cortical brain connectome. IBASPM is a toolkit to realize individual atlas-based volume measurement. Hence, this study seeks to determine what further alterations can be revealed by cortical brain networks formed by IBASPM-extracted regional gray matter volumes. We found the reduced strength of connections between the superior temporal pole and middle temporal pole in the right hemisphere, global hubs as the left fusiform gyrus and right Rolandic operculum in the young and aging groups, respectively, and significantly reduced inter-module connection of one module in the aging group. These new findings are consistent with the phenomenon of normal aging mentioned in previous studies and suggest that brain network built with the IBASPM could provide supplementary information to some extent. The individualization of morphometric features extraction deserved to be given more attention in future cortical brain network research.
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Effects of APOE-ε4 allele load on brain morphology in a cohort of middle-aged healthy individuals with enriched genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:902-912. [PMID: 29605385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, the dose-dependent impact of this allele on brain morphology of healthy individuals remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed gray matter volumes (GMvs) in a sample of 533 healthy middle-aged individuals with a substantial representation of ε4-carriers (207 heterozygotes and 65 homozygotes). RESULTS We found APOE-ε4 additive GMv reductions in the right hippocampus, caudate, precentral gyrus, and cerebellar crus. In these regions, the APOE genotype interacted with age, with homozygotes displaying lower GMv after the fifth decade of life. APOE-ε4 was also associated to greater GMv in the right thalamus, left occipital gyrus, and right frontal cortex. DISCUSSION Our data indicate that APOE-ε4 exerts additive effects on GMv in regions relevant for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology already in healthy individuals. These findings elucidate the mechanisms underlying the increased Alzheimer's disease risk in ε4-carriers, suggesting a dose-dependent disease vulnerability on the brain structure level.
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Taylor WD, Boyd B, Turner R, McQuoid DR, Ashley-Koch A, MacFall JR, Saleh A, Potter GG. APOE ε4 associated with preserved executive function performance and maintenance of temporal and cingulate brain volumes in younger adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:194-204. [PMID: 26843007 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The APOE ε4 allele is associated with cognitive deficits and brain atrophy in older adults, but studies in younger adults are mixed. We examined APOE genotype effects on cognition and brain structure in younger adults and whether genotype effects differed by age and with presence of depression. 157 adults (32 % ε4 carriers, 46 % depressed) between 20 and 50 years of age completed neuropsychological testing, 131 of which also completed 3 T cranial MRI. We did not observe a direct effect of APOE genotype on cognitive performance or structural MRI measures. A significant genotype by age interaction was observed for executive function, where age had less of an effect on executive function in ε4 carriers. Similar interactions were observed for the entorhinal cortex, rostral and caudal anterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, where the effect of age on regional volumes was reduced in ε4 carriers. There were no significant interactions between APOE genotype and depression diagnosis. The ε4 allele benefits younger adults by allowing them to maintain executive function performance and volumes of cingulate and temporal cortex regions with aging, at least through age fifty years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren D Taylor
- The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. .,The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Brian Boyd
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Rachel Turner
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Douglas R McQuoid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - James R MacFall
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ayman Saleh
- The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Guy G Potter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Voevodskaya O, Pereira JB, Volpe G, Lindberg O, Stomrud E, van Westen D, Westman E, Hansson O. Altered structural network organization in cognitively normal individuals with amyloid pathology. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 64:15-24. [PMID: 29316528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings show that structural network topology is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with changes occurring already at the prodromal disease stages. Amyloid accumulation, a hallmark of AD, begins several decades before symptom onset, and its effects on brain connectivity at the earliest disease stages are not fully known. We studied global and local network changes in a large cohort of cognitively healthy individuals (N = 299, Swedish BioFINDER study) with and without amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology (based on cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42/Aβ40 levels). Structural correlation matrices were constructed based on magnetic resonance imaging cortical thickness data. Despite the fact that no significant regional cortical atrophy was found in the Aβ-positive group, this group exhibited an altered global network organization, including decreased global efficiency and modularity. At the local level, Aβ-positive individuals displayed fewer and more disorganized modules as well as a loss of hubs. Our findings suggest that changes in network topology occur already at the presymptomatic (preclinical) stage of AD and may precede detectable cortical thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Voevodskaya
- Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Lindberg
- Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Imaging and Function, Skåne University Health Care, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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35
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Di Battista AM, Heinsinger NM, Rebeck GW. Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factor APOE-ε4 Also Affects Normal Brain Function. Curr Alzheimer Res 2017; 13:1200-1207. [PMID: 27033053 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160401115127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
APOE-ε4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is associated with an increase in the levels of amyloid deposition and an early age of onset. Recent data demonstrate that AD pathological changes occur decades before clinical symptoms, raising questions about the precise onset of the disease. Now a convergence of approaches in mice and humans has demonstrated that APOE-ε4 affects normal brain function even very early in life in the absence of gross AD pathological changes. Normal mice expressing APOE4 have task-specific spatial learning deficits, as well as reduced NMDAR-dependent signaling and structural changes to presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments in neurons, particularly in hippocampal regions. Young humans possessing APOE-ε4 are more adept than APOE-ε4 negative individuals at some behavioral tasks, and functional magnetic resonance imaging has shown that inheritance of APOE-ε4 has specific effects on medial temporal brain activities. These findings suggest that inheritance of APOE-ε4 causes life long changes to the brain that may be related to the late risk of AD. Several possible mechanisms of how APOE-ε4 could affect brain neurochemistry, structure, and function are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G William Rebeck
- New Research Building, WP- 13, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20007; USA
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36
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Zheng LJ, Su YY, Wang YF, Zhong J, Liang X, Zheng G, Lu GM, Zhang LJ. Altered spontaneous brain activity pattern in cognitively normal young adults carrying mutations of APP, presenilin-1/2 and APOE ε4. Eur J Radiol 2017; 95:18-23. [PMID: 28987665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore genetic effects of amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1/2 and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 on brain structural and functional alterations in cognitively normal young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty healthy adults (mean age 24.0±2.5years; n=18, APP/presenilin-1/2 group; n=31, APOE ε4 group; n=31, control group [without above-mentioned gene mutation]) underwent high-resolution T1-weighted 3D anatomical imaging, resting-state functional MR imaging and neuropsychological assessments. We used voxel-based morphometry and regional homogeneity (ReHo) algorithms to investigate brain structural and functional changes among three groups, and performed correlation analyses between the brain regions with statistically significant difference and neuropsychological results. RESULTS No brain structural changes were found, however, ReHo values were increased in right parietal-frontal lobes in APOE ε4 group, and decreased in the left middle temporal gyrus in APP/presenilin-1/2 group compared with controls (all P<0.05). Compared with APOE ε4 group, decreased ReHo values of bilateral temporal lobes were shown in APP/presenilin-1/2 group (P<0.05). ReHo values of right superior frontal gyrus in APOE ε4 group positively correlated with neuropsychological tests scores(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Cognitively normal young adults carrying APOE ε4 or APP/presenilin-1/2 had different spontaneous brain activity patterns without cerebral structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Juan Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yun Yan Su
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yun Fei Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jianhui Zhong
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, and Center for Innovative and Collaborative Detection and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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37
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Nao J, Sun H, Wang Q, Ma S, Zhang S, Dong X, Ma Y, Wang X, Zheng D. Adverse Effects of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele on Episodic Memory, Task Switching and Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Young Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:346. [PMID: 28706481 PMCID: PMC5489690 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that healthy elderly subjects and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who carry the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele have worse cognitive function and more severe brain atrophy than non-carriers. However, it remains unclear whether this ApoE polymorphism leads to changes of cognition and brain morphology in healthy young adults. In this study, we used an established model to measure verbal episodic memory and core executive function (EF) components (response inhibition, working memory and task switching) in 32 ApoE ε4 carriers and 40 non-carriers between 20 years and 40 years of age. To do this, we carried out an adapted auditory verbal learning test and three computerized EF tasks. High-resolution head magnetic resonance scans were performed in all participants and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used for image processing and analysis. Multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on memory measures showed that the overall verbal episodic memory of ApoE ε4 carriers was significantly worse than non-carriers (Wilk’s λ = 4.884, P = 0.004). No significant differences were detected in overall EF between the two groups. Post hoc analyses revealed group differences in terms of immediate recall, recognition and task switching, which favored non-carriers. VBM analysis showed gray matter (GM) bilateral reductions in the medial and dorsolateral frontal, parietal and left temporal cortices in the carrier group relative to the non-carrier group, which were most significant in the bilateral anterior and middle cingulate gyri. However, these changes in GM volume were not directly associated with changes in cognitive function. Our data show that the ApoE ε4 allele is associated with poorer performance in verbal episodic memory and task switching, and a reduction in GM volume in healthy young adults, suggesting that the effects of ApoE ε4 upon cognition and brain morphology exist long before the possible occurrence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Hongzan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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Kern KC, Wright CB, Bergfield KL, Fitzhugh MC, Chen K, Moeller JR, Nabizadeh N, Elkind MSV, Sacco RL, Stern Y, DeCarli CS, Alexander GE. Blood Pressure Control in Aging Predicts Cerebral Atrophy Related to Small-Vessel White Matter Lesions. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:132. [PMID: 28555103 PMCID: PMC5430031 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small-vessel damage manifests as white matter hyperintensities and cerebral atrophy on brain MRI and is associated with aging, cognitive decline and dementia. We sought to examine the interrelationship of these imaging biomarkers and the influence of hypertension in older individuals. We used a multivariate spatial covariance neuroimaging technique to localize the effects of white matter lesion load on regional gray matter volume and assessed the role of blood pressure control, age and education on this relationship. Using a case-control design matching for age, gender, and educational attainment we selected 64 participants with normal blood pressure, controlled hypertension or uncontrolled hypertension from the Northern Manhattan Study cohort. We applied gray matter voxel-based morphometry with the scaled subprofile model to (1) identify regional covariance patterns of gray matter volume differences associated with white matter lesion load, (2) compare this relationship across blood pressure groups, and (3) relate it to cognitive performance. In this group of participants aged 60–86 years, we identified a pattern of reduced gray matter volume associated with white matter lesion load in bilateral temporal-parietal regions with relative preservation of volume in the basal forebrain, thalami and cingulate cortex. This pattern was expressed most in the uncontrolled hypertension group and least in the normotensives, but was also more evident in older and more educated individuals. Expression of this pattern was associated with worse performance in executive function and memory. In summary, white matter lesions from small-vessel disease are associated with a regional pattern of gray matter atrophy that is mitigated by blood pressure control, exacerbated by aging, and associated with cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Kern
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA
| | - Kaitlin L Bergfield
- Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Megan C Fitzhugh
- Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Computational Image Analysis Program, Banner Alzheimer InstitutePhoenix, AZ, USA.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA.,Arizona Alzheimers ConsortiumPhoenix, AZ, USA
| | - James R Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Nooshin Nabizadeh
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Alzheimers ConsortiumPhoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and BIO5 Institute, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
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39
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Cieri F, Esposito R, Cera N, Pieramico V, Tartaro A, di Giannantonio M. Late-Life Depression: Modifications of Brain Resting State Activity. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2017; 30:140-150. [PMID: 28355945 DOI: 10.1177/0891988717700509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a common emotional and mental disability in the elderly population characterized by the presence of depressed mood, the loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities, and other depression symptoms. It has a serious effect on the quality of life of elderly individuals and increases their risk of developing physical and mental diseases. It is an important area of research, given the growing elderly population. Brain functional connectivity modifications represent one of the neurobiological biomarker for LLD even if to date remains poorly understood. In our study, we enrolled 10 elderly patients with depressive symptoms compared to 11 age-matched healthy controls. All participants were evaluated by means of neuropsychological tests and underwent the same functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol to evaluate modifications of brain resting state functional connectivity. Between-group differences were observed for the Geriatric Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, with higher scores for patients with LLD. Voxel-wise, 1-way analysis of variance revealed between-group differences in left frontoparietal network (lFPN) and sensory motor network (SMN): Increased intrinsic connectivity in the LLD group was observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and in the left superior parietal lobule of the lFPN and increased intrinsic connectivity in the LLD group was observed in the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex of the SMN. Our findings support the use of resting state fMRI as a potential biomarker for LLD; even if to confirm the relationship between brain changes and the pathophysiology of LLD, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cieri
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Esposito
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cera
- 2 Faculty of Psychology and Educational science, Center for Psychology at the University of Porto (CPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina Pieramico
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Armando Tartaro
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo di Giannantonio
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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40
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Li W, Yang C, Shi F, Wu S, Wang Q, Nie Y, Zhang X. Construction of Individual Morphological Brain Networks with Multiple Morphometric Features. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:34. [PMID: 28487638 PMCID: PMC5403938 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have increased attentions to the morphological brain network, which is generally constructed by measuring the mathematical correlation across regions using a certain morphometric feature, such as regional cortical thickness and voxel intensity. However, cerebral structure can be characterized by various factors, such as regional volume, surface area, and curvature. Moreover, most of the morphological brain networks are population-based, which has limitations in the investigations of individual difference and clinical applications. Hence, we have extended previous studies by proposing a novel method for realizing the construction of an individual-based morphological brain network through a combination of multiple morphometric features. In particular, interregional connections are estimated using our newly introduced feature vectors, namely, the Pearson correlation coefficient of the concatenation of seven morphometric features. Experiments were performed on a healthy cohort of 55 subjects (24 males aged from 20 to 29 and 31 females aged from 20 to 28) each scanned twice, and reproducibility was evaluated through test-retest reliability. The robustness of morphometric features was measured firstly to select the more reproducible features to form the connectomes. Then the topological properties were analyzed and compared with previous reports of different modalities. Small-worldness was observed in all the subjects at the range of the entire network sparsity (20-40%), and configurations were comparable with previous findings at the sparsity of 23%. The spatial distributions of the hub were found to be significantly influenced by the individual variances, and the hubs obtained by averaging across subjects and sparsities showed correspondence with previous reports. The intraclass coefficient of graphic properties (clustering coefficient = 0.83, characteristic path length = 0.81, betweenness centrality = 0.78) indicates the robustness of the present method. Results demonstrate that the multiple morphometric features can be applied to form a rational reproducible individual-based morphological brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Chunlan Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research InstituteLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuicai Wu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Internal Neurology, Tiantan HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yingnan Nie
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing, China
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41
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Fischer BL, Bacher R, Bendlin BB, Birdsill AC, Ly M, Hoscheidt SM, Chappell RJ, Mahoney JE, Gleason CE. An Examination of Brain Abnormalities and Mobility in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:86. [PMID: 28424612 PMCID: PMC5380746 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mobility changes are concerning for elderly patients with cognitive decline. Given frail older individuals' vulnerability to injury, it is critical to identify contributors to limited mobility. Objective: To examine whether structural brain abnormalities, including reduced gray matter volume and white matter hyperintensities, would be associated with limited mobility among individuals with cognitive impairment, and to determine whether cognitive impairment would mediate this relationship. Methods: Thirty-four elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease underwent neuropsychological evaluation, mobility assessment, and structural brain neuroimaging. Linear regression was conducted with predictors including gray matter volume in six regions of interest (ROI) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, with mobility measures as outcomes. Results: Lower gray matter volume in caudate nucleus was associated with slower speed on a functional mobility task. Higher cerebellar volume was also associated with slower functional mobility. White matter hyperintensity burden was not significantly associated with mobility. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence for associations between subcortical gray matter volume and speed on a functional mobility task among cognitively impaired individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Fischer
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadison, WI, USA
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterMadison, WI, USA
| | - Alex C Birdsill
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Martina Ly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Siobhan M Hoscheidt
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterMadison, WI, USA
| | - Richard J Chappell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterMadison, WI, USA.,Departments of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Jane E Mahoney
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadison, WI, USA.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterMadison, WI, USA
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42
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Rajah MN, Wallace LMK, Ankudowich E, Yu EH, Swierkot A, Patel R, Chakravarty MM, Naumova D, Pruessner J, Joober R, Gauthier S, Pasvanis S. Family history and APOE4 risk for Alzheimer's disease impact the neural correlates of episodic memory by early midlife. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:760-774. [PMID: 28413778 PMCID: PMC5385589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory impairment is a consistent, pronounced deficit in pre-clinical stages of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals with risk factors for AD exhibit altered brain function several decades prior to the onset of AD-related symptoms. In the current event-related fMRI study of spatial context memory we tested the hypothesis that middle-aged adults (MA; 40–58 yrs) with a family history of late onset AD (MA+ FH), or a combined + FH and apolipoprotein E ε4 allele risk factors for AD (MA+ FH + APOE4), will exhibit differences in encoding and retrieval-related brain activity, compared to − FH − APOE4 MA controls. We also hypothesized that the two at-risk MA groups will exhibit distinct patterns of correlation between brain activity and memory performance, compared to controls. To test these hypotheses we conducted multivariate task, and behavior, partial least squares analysis of fMRI data obtained during successful context encoding and retrieval. Our results indicate that even though there were no significant group differences in context memory performance, there were significant differences in brain activity and brain-behavior correlations involving the hippocampus, inferior parietal cortex, cingulate, and precuneus cortex in MA with AD risk factors, compared to controls. In addition, we observed that brain activity and brain-behavior correlations in anterior-medial PFC and in ventral visual cortex differentiated the two MA risk groups from each other, and from MAcontrols. Our results indicate that functional differences in episodic memory-related regions are present by early midlife in adults with + FH and + APOE-4 risk factors for late onset AD, compared to middle-aged controls. FMRI study of context memory in middle-aged adults (MA) with vs. without specific AD risk factors MA with vs. without AD risk factors show different angular gyrus, cingulate and precuneus activity patterns. MA with AD risk factors showed increased hippocampus activity at encoding, compared to controls. Medial PFC and visual cortex function differentiated + FH vs. + APOE4 MA risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Rajah
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.,Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - L M K Wallace
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - E Ankudowich
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - E H Yu
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - A Swierkot
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - R Patel
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - M M Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.,Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - D Naumova
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - J Pruessner
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.,Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - R Joober
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - S Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - S Pasvanis
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
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43
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Zanchi D, Giannakopoulos P, Borgwardt S, Rodriguez C, Haller S. Hippocampal and Amygdala Gray Matter Loss in Elderly Controls with Subtle Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:50. [PMID: 28326035 PMCID: PMC5340094 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the idea that hippocampal and amygdala volume loss occur in late phases of neurodegeneration, recent contributions point to the relevance of preexisting structural deficits that are associated with aging and are independent of amyloid deposition in preclinical Alzheimer disease cases. The present work explores GM hippocampal and amygdala volumes in elderly controls displaying the first signs of cognitive decline. 455 subjects (263 females), including 374 controls (228 females) and 81 middle cognitive impairment subjects (35 females), underwent two neuropsychological evaluations (baseline and 18 months follow-up) and a MRI-T1 examination (only baseline). Clinical assessment included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating scale, Hospitalized Anxiety and Depression scale, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological battery and RI-48 Cued Recall Test (RI-48) for episodic memory. Based on their cognitive performance, we defined the controls as stable controls (sCON) and deteriorating controls (dCONs). Analyses included volumetric assessment, shape analyses and linear regressions between GM volume loss and differences in clinical scores between baseline and follow-up. Significant GM volume decrease in hippocampus bilaterally and right amygdala was found in dCON compared to sCON (p < 0.05). Lower right amygdala volumes were measured in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to sCON (p < 0.05). Shape analyses revealed that atrophy was more pronounced at the superior- posterior lateral side of the hippocampus and amygdala. Significant correlations were found between GM volume of left hippocampus and the delta of MMSE and RI-48 scores in dCON and MCI groups separately. Decreased hippocampal and right amygdala volumes precede the first signs of cognitive decline in healthy elderly controls at the pre-MCI state. Left hippocampus volume may also predict short-term changes of overall cognition in these vulnerable cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zanchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Neuropsychiatry, University Psychiatry ClinicBasel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- Affidea Carouge Radiologic Diagnostic Center, GenevaSwitzerland; Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, UppsalaSweden; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital FreiburgFreiburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
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44
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Zhang N, Liu H, Qin W, Liu B, Jiang T, Yu C. APOEandKIBRAInteractions on Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Young Adults. Cereb Cortex 2016; 27:4797-4805. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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45
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Schultz SA, Larson J, Oh J, Koscik R, Dowling MN, Gallagher CL, Carlsson CM, Rowley HA, Bendlin BB, Asthana S, Hermann BP, Johnson SC, Sager M, LaRue A, Okonkwo OC. Participation in cognitively-stimulating activities is associated with brain structure and cognitive function in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 9:729-36. [PMID: 25358750 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-014-9329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that frequent participation in cognitively-stimulating activities, specifically those related to playing games and puzzles, is beneficial to brain health and cognition among middle-aged adults at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Three hundred twenty-nine cognitively normal, middle-aged adults (age range, 43.2-73.8 years) enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP) participated in this study. They reported their current engagement in cognitive activities using a modified version of the Cognitive Activity Scale (CAS), underwent a structural MRI scan, and completed a comprehensive cognitive battery. FreeSurfer was used to derive gray matter (GM) volumes from AD-related regions of interest (ROIs), and composite measures of episodic memory and executive function were obtained from the cognitive tests. Covariate-adjusted least squares analyses were used to examine the association between the Games item on the CAS (CAS-Games) and both GM volumes and cognitive composites. Higher scores on CAS-Games were associated with greater GM volumes in several ROIs including the hippocampus, posterior cingulate, anterior cingulate, and middle frontal gyrus. Similarly, CAS-Games scores were positively associated with scores on the Immediate Memory, Verbal Learning & Memory, and Speed & Flexibility domains. These findings were not modified by known risk factors for AD. In addition, the Total score on the CAS was not as sensitive as CAS-Games to the examined brain and cognitive measures. For some individuals, participation in cognitive activities pertinent to game playing may help prevent AD by preserving brain structures and cognitive functions vulnerable to AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Schultz
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jordan Larson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jennifer Oh
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Rebecca Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Maritza N Dowling
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Catherine L Gallagher
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Howard A Rowley
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mark Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Asenath LaRue
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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46
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The effects of apolipoprotein ε 4 on aging brain in cognitively normal Chinese elderly: a surface-based morphometry study. Int Psychogeriatr 2016; 28:1503-11. [PMID: 27097839 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610216000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Default mode network (DMN) has been reported to be susceptible to APOE ε 4 genotype. However, the APOE ε 4-related brain changes in young carriers are different from the ones in elderly carriers. The current study aimed to evaluate the cortical morphometry of DMN subregions in cognitively normal elderly with APOE ε 4. METHOD 11 cognitively normal senior APOE ε 4 carriers and 27 matched healthy controls (HC) participated the neuropsychological tests, genotyping, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to assess the global volumetric changes. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis was performed to measure regional gray matter volume (GMV) and gray matter thickness (GMT). RESULTS Advancing age was associated with decreased GMV of DMN subregions. Compared to HC, APOE ε 4 carriers presented cortical atrophy in right cingulate gyrus (R_CG) (GMV: APOE carriers: 8475.23 ± 1940.73 mm3, HC: 9727.34 ± 1311.57 mm3, t = 2.314, p = 0.026, corrected) and left insular (GMT: APOE ε 4 carriers: 3.83 ± 0.37 mm, HC: 4.05 ± 0.25 mm, t = 2.197, p = 0.033, corrected). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the difference between different cortical measures and suggest that the cortical reduction of CG and insular maybe a potential neuroimaging marker for APOE 4 ε senior carriers, even in the context of relatively intact cognition.
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47
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Dowell NG, Evans SL, Tofts PS, King SL, Tabet N, Rusted JM. Structural and resting-state MRI detects regional brain differences in young and mid-age healthy APOE-e4 carriers compared with non-APOE-e4 carriers. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:614-624. [PMID: 26929040 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the best-known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the link between functional and behavioural differences and regional brain volume and cortical thickness differences in those who carry the e4 allele (e4+) and those who only carry the e3 allele (e3/e3). We studied these genotype populations in two age groups: a young group (average age, 21 years) and a mid-age group (average age, 50 years). High-resolution T1 -weighted MRI scans were analysed with Freesurfer to measure regional white matter brain volume and cortical thickness differences between genotype groups at each age. These data were correlated with behavioural findings in the same cohort. Resting-state MRI was also conducted to identify differences in underlying brain functional connectivity. We found that there was a positive correlation between the thickness of the parahippocampal cortex in young e4+ individuals and performance on an episodic memory task. Young e4+ individuals also showed a positive correlation between white matter volume in the left anterior cingulate and performance on a covert attention task. At mid-age, e4+ individuals had structural differences relative to e3/e3 individuals in these areas: the parahippocampal cortex was thicker and white matter volume in the left anterior cingulate was greater than in e3/e3 individuals. We discuss the possibility that an over-engagement with these regions by e4+ individuals in youth may have a neurogenic effect that is observable later in life. The cuneus appears to be an important region for APOE-driven differences in the brain, with greater functional connectivity among young e3/e3 individuals and greater white matter volume in young e4+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon L Evans
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Paul S Tofts
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Sarah L King
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Naji Tabet
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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48
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Qiu L, He Y, Tang H, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Chen G, Zhao F, Ouyang T, Ju B, Li Z, Wang L, Zou L, Gong Q. Genetically-mediated Grey and White Matter Alteration in Normal Elderly Individuals with the CLU-C Allele Gene. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 13:1302-1310. [PMID: 27396407 PMCID: PMC5112753 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160703180531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genome-wide association studies have found that the rs11136000 polymorphism of the C allele (CLU-C) is associated with the risk for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, the effects of the CLU-C/C genotype on brain structure, including gray and white matter, are not adequately understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to clarify the gray matter and white matter integrity changes in non-demented ageing individuals with the AD risk gene of the rs11136000 polymorphism of the C allele (CLU-C) and the correlation with cognitive performance. METHODS Voxel-based analysis was used to compare the differences in high-resolution structural T1 and diffusion tensor imaging data between 31 CLU-C/C and 15 non-CLU-C/C carriers in nondemented older adults. RESULTS Compared to non-CLU-C/C carriers, CLU-C homozygotes showed a reduced gray matter concentration (GMC) in the left parahippocampal gyrus, right middle frontal and temporal middle gyri, increased GMC in the left middle frontal and right fusiform gyri and increased gray matter volume (GMV) in the left middle frontal gyrus (P < 0.001). Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the sub-gyral white matter of the left external capsule and left anterior cingulate and increased FA in the sub-gyral white matter of the left temporal lobe were also found in CLU-C/C genotype carriers. Moreover, the FA value in the left external capsule correlated with several cognitive measures. CONCLUSION Our findings provide further evidence for the CLU risk variant as a candidate gene for AD and may serve as a pre-clinical neuroimaging phenotype of late-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qiu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hehan Tang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangxiang Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingxue Ouyang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Ju
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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49
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Abela E, Missimer JH, Federspiel A, Seiler A, Hess CW, Sturzenegger M, Wiest R, Weder BJ. A Thalamic-Fronto-Parietal Structural Covariance Network Emerging in the Course of Recovery from Hand Paresis after Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2015; 6:211. [PMID: 26528235 PMCID: PMC4602136 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe structural covariance networks of gray matter volume (GMV) change in 28 patients with first-ever stroke to the primary sensorimotor cortices, and to investigate their relationship to hand function recovery and local GMV change. METHODS Tensor-based morphometry maps derived from high-resolution structural images were subject to principal component analyses to identify the networks. We calculated correlations between network expression and local GMV change, sensorimotor hand function and lesion volume. To verify which of the structural covariance networks of GMV change have a significant relationship to hand function, we performed an additional multivariate regression approach. RESULTS Expression of the second network, explaining 9.1% of variance, correlated with GMV increase in the medio-dorsal (md) thalamus and hand motor skill. Patients with positive expression coefficients were distinguished by significantly higher GMV increase of this structure during stroke recovery. Significant nodes of this network were located in md thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and higher order sensorimotor cortices. Parameter of hand function had a unique relationship to the network and depended on an interaction between network expression and lesion volume. Inversely, network expression is limited in patients with large lesion volumes. CONCLUSION Chronic phase of sensorimotor cortical stroke has been characterized by a large scale co-varying structural network in the ipsilesional hemisphere associated specifically with sensorimotor hand skill. Its expression is related to GMV increase of md thalamus, one constituent of the network, and correlated with the cortico-striato-thalamic loop involved in control of motor execution and higher order sensorimotor cortices. A close relation between expression of this network with degree of recovery might indicate reduced compensatory resources in the impaired subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Abela
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - John H Missimer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute , Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Seiler
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland ; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Christian Walter Hess
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Matthias Sturzenegger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Bruno J Weder
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland ; Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen , St. Gallen , Switzerland
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50
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Jack CR, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Knopman DS, Vemuri P, Mielke MM, Lowe V, Senjem ML, Gunter JL, Machulda MM, Gregg BE, Pankratz VS, Rocca WA, Petersen RC. Age, Sex, and APOE ε4 Effects on Memory, Brain Structure, and β-Amyloid Across the Adult Life Span. JAMA Neurol 2015; 72:511-9. [PMID: 25775353 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Typical cognitive aging may be defined as age-associated changes in cognitive performance in individuals who remain free of dementia. Ideally, the full adult age spectrum should be included to assess brain imaging findings associated with typical aging. OBJECTIVE To compare age, sex, and APOE ε4 effects on memory, brain structure (adjusted hippocampal volume [HVa]), and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) in cognitively normal individuals aged 30 to 95 years old. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional observational study (March 2006 to October 2014) at an academic medical center. We studied 1246 cognitively normal individuals, including 1209 participants aged 50 to 95 years old enrolled in a population-based study of cognitive aging and 37 self-selected volunteers aged 30 to 49 years old. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Memory, HVa, and amyloid PET. RESULTS Overall, memory worsened from age 30 years through the 90s. The HVa worsened gradually from age 30 years to the mid-60s and more steeply beyond that age. The median amyloid PET was low until age 70 years and increased thereafter. Memory was worse in men than in women overall (P < .001) and more specifically beyond age 40 years. The HVa was lower in men than in women overall (P < .001) and more specifically beyond age 60 years. There was no sex difference in amyloid PET at any age. Within each sex, memory performance and HVa were not different by APOE ε4 status at any age. From age 70 years onward, APOE ε4 carriers had significantly greater median amyloid PET than noncarriers. However, the ages at which 10% of the population were amyloid PET positive were 57 years for APOE ε4 carriers and 64 years for noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Male sex is associated with worse memory and HVa among cognitively normal individuals, while APOE ε4 is not. In contrast, APOE ε4 is associated with greater amyloid PET (from age 70 years onward), while sex is not. Worsening memory and HVa occur at earlier ages than abnormal amyloid PET. Therefore, neuropathological processes other than β-amyloidosis must underlie declines in brain structure and memory function in middle age. Our findings are consistent with a model of late-onset Alzheimer disease in which β-amyloidosis arises in later life on a background of preexisting structural and cognitive decline that is associated with aging and not with β-amyloid deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Heather J Wiste
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Val Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian E Gregg
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - V Shane Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Walter A Rocca
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota3Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
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