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Crocco P, De Rango F, Bruno F, Malvaso A, Maletta R, Bruni AC, Passarino G, Rose G, Dato S. Genetic variability of FOXP2 and its targets CNTNAP2 and PRNP in frontotemporal dementia: A pilot study in a southern Italian population. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31624. [PMID: 38828303 PMCID: PMC11140708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) is an evolutionary conserved transcription factor involved in the maintenance of neuronal networks, implicated in language disorders. Some evidence suggests a possible link between FOXP2 genetic variability and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) pathology and related endophenotypes. To shed light on this issue, we analysed the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FOXP2 and FTD in 113 patients and 223 healthy controls. In addition, we investigated SNPs in two putative targets of FOXP2, CNTNAP2, Contactin-associated protein-like 2 and PRNP, prion protein genes. Overall, 27 SNPs were selected by a tagging approach. FOXP2-rs17213159-C/T resulted associated with disease risk (OR = 2.16, P = 0.0004), as well as with age at onset and severity of dementia. Other FOXP2 markers were associated with semantic and phonological fluency scores, cognitive levels (MMSE) and neuropsychological tests. Associations with language, cognitive and brain atrophy measures were found with CNTNAP2 and PRNP genetic variability. Overall, although preliminary, results here presented suggest an influence of regulatory pathways centred on FOXP2 as a molecular background of FTD affecting neurological function of multiple brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolina Crocco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation – National Neurological Institute, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maletta
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Amalia C. Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Bruno F, Laganà V, Di Lorenzo R, Bruni AC, Maletta R. Calabria as a Genetic Isolate: A Model for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092288. [PMID: 36140389 PMCID: PMC9496333 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although originally multi-ethnic in its structure, nowadays the Calabria region of southern Italy represents an area with low genetic heterogeneity and a high level of consanguinity that allows rare mutations to be maintained due to the founder effect. A complex research methodology—ranging from clinical activity to the genealogical reconstruction of families/populations across the centuries, the creation of databases, and molecular/genetic research—was modelled on the characteristics of the Calabrian population for more than three decades. This methodology allowed the identification of several novel genetic mutations or variants associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, a higher prevalence of several hereditary neurodegenerative diseases has been reported in this population, such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Niemann–Pick type C disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, and Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker disease. Here, we summarize and discuss the results of research data supporting the view that Calabria could be considered as a genetic isolate and could represent a model, a sort of outdoor laboratory—similar to very few places in the world—useful for the advancement of knowledge on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Valentina Laganà
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Amalia C. Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Raffaele Maletta
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
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3
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de Boer SCM, Riedl L, van der Lee SJ, Otto M, Anderl-Straub S, Landin-Romero R, Sorrentino F, Fieldhouse JLP, Reus LM, Vacaflor B, Halliday G, Galimberti D, Diehl-Schmid J, Ducharme S, Piguet O, Pijnenburg YAL. Differences in Sex Distribution Between Genetic and Sporadic Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1153-1161. [PMID: 34633319 PMCID: PMC8673542 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Reported sex distributions differ between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cohorts. Possible explanations are the evolving clinical criteria of FTD and its subtypes and the discovery of FTD causal genetic mutations that has resulted in varying demographics. Objective: Our aim was to determine the sex distribution of sporadic and genetic FTD cases and its subtypes in an international cohort. Methods: We included 910 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD; n = 654), non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA; n = 99), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA; n = 117), and right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (rtvFTD; n = 40). We compared sex distribution between genetic and sporadic FTD using χ2-tests. Results: The genetic FTD group consisted of 51.2% males, which did not differ from sporadic FTD (57.8% male, p = 0.08). In the sporadic bvFTD subgroup, males were predominant in contrast to genetic bvFTD (61.6% versus 52.9% males, p = 0.04). In the other clinical FTD subgroups, genetic cases were underrepresented and within the sporadic cases the sex distribution was somewhat equal. Conclusion: The higher male prevalence in sporadic bvFTD may provide important clues for its differential pathogenesis and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterre C M de Boer
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Riedl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Ramon Landin-Romero
- School of Psychology, and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Sorrentino
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jay L P Fieldhouse
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne M Reus
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Blanca Vacaflor
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Glenda Halliday
- School of Medical Sciences, and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Ducharme
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Psychology, and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hendriks S, Peetoom K, Bakker C, van der Flier WM, Papma JM, Koopmans R, Verhey FRJ, de Vugt M, Köhler S. Global Prevalence of Young-Onset Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:1080-1090. [PMID: 34279544 PMCID: PMC8290331 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Reliable prevalence estimates are lacking for young-onset dementia (YOD), in which symptoms of dementia start before the age of 65 years. Such estimates are needed for policy makers to organize appropriate health care. Objective To determine the global prevalence of YOD. Data Sources The PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases were systematically searched for population-based studies on the prevalence of YOD published between January 1, 1990, and March 31, 2020. Study Selection Studies containing data on the prevalence of dementia in individuals younger than 65 years were screened by 2 researchers for inclusion in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Extraction and Synthesis Prevalence estimates on 5-year age bands, from 30 to 34 years to 60 to 64 years, were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool prevalence estimates. Results were age standardized for the World Standard Population. Heterogeneity was assessed by subgroup analyses for sex, dementia subtype, study design, and economic status based on the World Bank classification and by meta-regression. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence estimates of YOD for 5-year age bands. Results A total of 95 unique studies were included in this systematic review, of which 74 with 2 760 379 unique patients were also included in 5-year age band meta-analyses. Studies were mostly conducted in Europe and in older groups in Asia, North America, and Oceania. Age-standardized prevalence estimates increased from 1.1 per 100 000 population in the group aged 30 to 34 years to 77.4 per 100 000 population in the group aged 60 to 64 years. This gives an overall global age-standardized prevalence of 119.0 per 100 000 population in the age range of 30 to 64 years, corresponding to 3.9 million people aged 30 to 64 years living with YOD in the world. Subgroup analyses showed prevalence between men and women to be similar (crude estimates for men, 216.5 per 100 000 population; for women, 293.1 per 100 000 population), whereas prevalence was lower in high-income countries (crude estimate, 663.9 per 100 000 population) compared with upper-middle-income (crude estimate, 1873.6 per 100 000 population) and lower-middle-income (crude estimate, 764.2 per 100 000 population) countries. Meta-regression showed that age range (P < .001), sample size (P < .001), and study methodology (P = .02) significantly influenced heterogeneity between studies. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis found an age-standardized prevalence of YOD of 119.0 per 100 000 population, although estimates of the prevalence in low-income countries and younger age ranges remain scarce. These results should help policy makers organize sufficient health care for this subgroup of individuals with dementia. Study Registration PROSPERO CRD42019119288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevie Hendriks
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Peetoom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Bakker
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud, the Netherlands
- Groenhuysen, Center for Specialized Geriatric Care, Roosendaal, the Netherlands
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC (University Medical Center), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janne M. Papma
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Koopmans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud, the Netherlands
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R. J. Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Arezoumandan S, Cai X, Kalkarni P, Davis SA, Wilson K, Ferris CF, Cairns NJ, Gitcho MA. Hippocampal neurobiology and function in an aged mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy in an APP/PSEN1 background. Neurosci Lett 2021; 758:136010. [PMID: 34090937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia worldwide. TDP-43 proteinopathy is reported to be associated with AD pathology is almost 50% of cases. Our exploratory study examined near end-stage (28 months old) mice selectively driving expression of human TDP-43 in the hippocampus and cortex in an APP/PSEN1 background. We hypothesized that hippocampal neuropathology caused by β-amyloidosis with TDP-43 proteinopathy induced in this model, resembling the pathology seen in AD cases, manifest with changes in resting state functional connectivity. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem histology were performed on four genotypes: wild type, APP/PSEN1, Camk2a/TDP-43, and Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1. Our results revealed loss of functional coupling in hippocampus and amygdala that was associated with severe neuronal loss in dentate gyrus of Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1 mice compared to APP/PSEN1 and wild type mice. The loss of cells was accompanied by high background of β-amyloid plaques with sparse phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology. The survival rate was also reduced in Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1 mice compared to other groups. This end-of-life study provides exploratory data to reach a better understanding of the role of TDP-43 hippocampal neuropathology in diseases with co-pathologies of TDP-43 proteinopathy and β-amyloidosis such as AD and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Arezoumandan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Xuezhu Cai
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Kalkarni
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephani A Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Katherine Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael A Gitcho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA.
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Exploring dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes in 100 FTD-like patients from 6 towns and rural villages on the Adriatic Sea cost of Apulia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6353. [PMID: 33737586 PMCID: PMC7973810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a complex spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. Although fully penetrant mutations in several genes have been identified and can explain the pathogenic mechanisms underlying a great portion of the Mendelian forms of the disease, still a significant number of families and sporadic cases remains genetically unsolved. We performed whole exome sequencing in 100 patients with a late-onset and heterogeneous FTD-like clinical phenotype from Apulia and screened mendelian dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes. We identified a nonsense mutation in SORL1 VPS domain (p.R744X), in 2 siblings displaying AD with severe language problems and primary progressive aphasia and a near splice-site mutation in CLCN6 (p.S116P) segregating with an heterogeneous phenotype, ranging from behavioural FTD to FTD with memory onset and to the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia in one family. Moreover 2 sporadic cases with behavioural FTD carried heterozygous mutations in the CSF1R Tyrosin kinase flanking regions (p.E573K and p.R549H). By contrast, only a minority of patients carried pathogenic C9orf72 repeat expansions (1%) and likely moderately pathogenic variants in GRN (p.C105Y, p.C389fs and p.C139R) (3%). In concert with recent studies, our findings support a common pathogenic mechanisms between FTD and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and suggests that neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes should be investigated also in dementia patients with predominant frontal symptoms and language impairments.
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Sarno S, Petrilli R, Abondio P, De Giovanni A, Boattini A, Sazzini M, De Fanti S, Cilli E, Ciani G, Gentilini D, Pettener D, Romeo G, Giuliani C, Luiselli D. Genetic history of Calabrian Greeks reveals ancient events and long term isolation in the Aspromonte area of Southern Italy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3045. [PMID: 33542324 PMCID: PMC7862261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Calabrian Greeks are an enigmatic population that have preserved and evolved a unique variety of language, Greco, survived in the isolated Aspromonte mountain area of Southern Italy. To understand their genetic ancestry and explore possible effects of geographic and cultural isolation, we genome-wide genotyped a large set of South Italian samples including both communities that still speak Greco nowadays and those that lost the use of this language earlier in time. Comparisons with modern and ancient populations highlighted ancient, long-lasting genetic links with Eastern Mediterranean and Caucasian/Near-Eastern groups as ancestral sources of Southern Italians. Our results suggest that the Aspromonte communities might be interpreted as genetically drifted remnants that departed from such ancient genetic background as a consequence of long-term isolation. Specific patterns of population structuring and higher levels of genetic drift were indeed observed in these populations, reflecting geographic isolation amplified by cultural differences in the groups that still conserve the Greco language. Isolation and drift also affected the current genetic differentiation at specific gene pathways, prompting for future genome-wide association studies aimed at exploring trait-related loci that have drifted up in frequency in these isolated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sarno
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosalba Petrilli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Abondio
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giovanni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Alessio Boattini
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sazzini
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cilli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Graziella Ciani
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,Italian Auxologic Institute IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pettener
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- grid.412311.4Medical Genetics Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy ,European School of Genetic Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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Onyike CU, Shinagawa S, Ellajosyula R. Frontotemporal Dementia: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1281:141-150. [PMID: 33433874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51140-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is predictable that syndromes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) may have a worldwide distribution; however, data available on their incidence and prevalence are variable. This variability most likely reflects disparities across regions in the distribution of the expertise, technology, and resources available for FTD research and care. Important discoveries have been made regarding FTD's phenotypes, genetics, and cultural influences on the expression of symptoms; however, in many countries, there are barriers posed by a dearth of resources. There are pressing needs to further develop research on FTD: including first, population studies designed to fill the gaps in our knowledge about FTD's frequency and risk factors in developing regions and among minority groups in developed countries. It is also necessary to facilitate the psychometric characterization of contemporary diagnostic criteria and their translation to different languages and cultural contexts. Furthermore, much needed is the analysis of differences in the genetic risk factors for FTD, particularly non-Mendelian susceptibility factors. It is hoped that reflections on FTD from an international perspective will spur an extension of the vibrant multicenter collaborations, that exist in North America and Europe, toward new centers to be established and supported in the developing regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiadi U Onyike
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Watkins J, Ghosh A, Keerie AFA, Alix JJP, Mead RJ, Sreedharan J. Female sex mitigates motor and behavioural phenotypes in TDP-43 Q331K knock-in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19220. [PMID: 33154447 PMCID: PMC7645778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are overlapping neurodegenerative disorders. ALS is more commonly seen in men than women and the same may be the case for FTD. Preclinical models demonstrating sex-specific vulnerability may help to understand female resistance to ALS-FTD and thereby identify routes to therapy. We previously characterised a TDP-43Q331K knock-in mouse, which demonstrated behavioural phenotypes reminiscent of ALS-FTD in males. Here we present our behavioural observations of female TDP-43Q331K mutants. Female TDP-43Q331K knock-in mice displayed increased weight relative to wild-type and increased food intake at 20 months of age, much later than previously observed in male mutants. Spontaneous digging behaviour was initially normal and only declined in mutants in the second year of life. Gait analysis using Catwalk (https://www.noldus.com/catwalk-xt) found significant deficits in the second year of life, while nocturnal running behaviour was attenuated from ~ 250 days of life. These results indicate that while female TDP-43Q331K knock-in mice do display progressive behavioural phenotypes, these are less severe than we previously noted in male mutants. Further studies of male and female TDP-43Q331K knock-in mice may help to unravel the mechanisms underlying sex-specific vulnerability in ALS-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Watkins
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Anshua Ghosh
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Amy F A Keerie
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - James J P Alix
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Richard J Mead
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Jemeen Sreedharan
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK.
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10
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Characterization of novel progranulin gene variants in Italian patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:145.e7-145.e15. [PMID: 32507413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the protein progranulin (PGRN), GRN, are one of the major genetic abnormalities involved in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. However, genetic variations, mainly missense, in GRN have also been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases. We found 12 different pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 21 patients identified in a cohort of Italian patients affected by various neurodegenerative disorders. We detected the p.Thr272SerfsTer10 as the most frequent, followed by the c.1179+3A>G variant. We characterized the clinical phenotype of 12 patients from 3 pedigrees carrying the c.1179+3A>G variant, demonstrated the pathogenicity of this mutation, and detected other rarer variants causing haploinsufficiency (p.Met1?, c.709-2A>T, p.Gly79AspfsTer39). Finally, by applying bioinformatics, neuropathological, and biochemical studies, we characterized 6 missense/synonymous variants (p.Asp94His, p.Gly117Asp, p.Ala266Pro, p.Val279Val, p.Arg298His, p.Ala505Gly), including 4 previously unreported. The designation of variants is crucial for genetic counseling and the enrollment of patients in clinical studies.
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11
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Grimaldi S, Cupidi C, Smirne N, Bernardi L, Giacalone F, Piccione G, Basiricò S, Mangano GD, Nardello R, Orsi L, Grosso E, Laganà V, Mitolo M, Maletta RG, Bruni AC. The largest caucasian kindred with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: A founder mutation in italy. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1919-1924. [PMID: 31755148 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease prevalently reported in Japan but rare in Caucasians. The objective of this study was to reconstruct the pedigree of Italian dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy familial cases describing their clinical features. METHODS We investigated 6 apparently unrelated dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy families comprising a total of 51 affected individuals: 13 patients were clinically examined, and for 38 patients clinical data were collected from clinical sources. The dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy diagnosis was genetically confirmed in 18 patients. Genealogical data from historical archives were analyzed. RESULTS All 6 families were unified in a large pedigree deriving from a founder couple originating from Monte San Giuliano (Italy) in the late 1500s, with 51 affected subjects over the last 4 generations. Wide phenotypical variability in age at onset and clinical features was confirmed. Epilepsy was more frequent in juvenile cases than in late adults, with cognitive/psychiatric and motor disorders observed regardless of age at onset. CONCLUSIONS We have described the largest Caucasian dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy pedigree from a single founder couple. The introduction of the dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy gene in Italy could have arisen as a result of trade relationships between the Spanish or Portuguese and the Japanese in the 1500s. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grimaldi
- Consorzio Siciliano di Riabilitazione - Associazione Italiana Assistenza Spastici (CSR-AIAS), Paceco, Trapani, Italy
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Center (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Smirne
- Regional Neurogenetic Center (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Livia Bernardi
- Regional Neurogenetic Center (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Fabio Giacalone
- Consorzio Siciliano di Riabilitazione - Associazione Italiana Assistenza Spastici (CSR-AIAS), Paceco, Trapani, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Piccione
- Consorzio Siciliano di Riabilitazione - Associazione Italiana Assistenza Spastici (CSR-AIAS), Paceco, Trapani, Italy
| | - Salvatore Basiricò
- Consorzio Siciliano di Riabilitazione - Associazione Italiana Assistenza Spastici (CSR-AIAS), Paceco, Trapani, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato Mangano
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro,", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Nardello
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro,", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Orsi
- Neurology 1, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Grosso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Laganà
- Regional Neurogenetic Center (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Micaela Mitolo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Diagnostica Funzionale Neuroradiologica, Bologna, Italy
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Bartoletti-Stella A, Baiardi S, Stanzani-Maserati M, Piras S, Caffarra P, Raggi A, Pantieri R, Baldassari S, Caporali L, Abu-Rumeileh S, Linarello S, Liguori R, Parchi P, Capellari S. Identification of rare genetic variants in Italian patients with dementia by targeted gene sequencing. Neurobiol Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Ferrari R, Grassi M, Graziano F, Palluzzi F, Archetti S, Bonomi E, Bruni AC, Maletta RG, Bernardi L, Cupidi C, Colao R, Rainero I, Rubino E, Pinessi L, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Serpente M, Nacmias B, Piaceri I, Bagnoli S, Rossi G, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Singleton A, Hardy J, Momeni P, Padovani A, Borroni B. Effects of Multiple Genetic Loci on Age at Onset in Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:1271-1278. [PMID: 28128768 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In frontotemporal dementia (FTD), age at disease onset (AAO) is unpredictable in both early and late-onset cases; AAO variability is found even in autosomal dominant FTD. The present study was aimed at identifying genetic modifiers modulating AAO in a large cohort of Italian FTD patients. We conducted an association analysis on 411 FTD patients, belonging to 7 Italian Centers, and for whom AAO was available. Population structure was evaluated by principal component analysis to infer continuous axes of genetic variation, and single linear regression models were applied. A genetic score (GS) was calculated on the basis of suggestive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found by association analyses. GS showed genome-wide significant slope decrease by -3.86 (95% CI: -4.64 to -3.07, p < 2×10-16) per standard deviation of the GS for 6 SNPs mapping to genes involved in neuronal development and signaling, axonal myelinization, and glutamatergic/GABA neurotransmission. An increase of the GS was associated with a decrease of the AAO. Our data indicate that there is indeed a genetic component that underpins and modulates up to 14.5% of variability of AAO in Italian FTD. Future studies on genetic modifiers in FTD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Graziano
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvana Archetti
- Department of Laboratories, III Laboratory of Analysis, Brescia Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Bonomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Livia Bernardi
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Rosanna Colao
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology I, University of Torino and Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology I, University of Torino and Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology I, University of Torino and Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Parastoo Momeni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy
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GRN and MAPT Mutations in 2 Frontotemporal Dementia Research Centers in Brazil. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 30:310-317. [PMID: 27082848 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in GRN (progranulin) and MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) are among the most frequent causes of monogenic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but data on the frequency of these mutations in regions such as Latin America are still lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the frequencies of GRN and MAPT mutations in FTD cohorts from 2 Brazilian dementia research centers, the University of Sao Paulo and the Federal University of Minas Gerais medical schools. METHODS We included 76 probands diagnosed with behavioral-variant FTD (n=55), semantic-variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) (n=11), or nonfluent-variant PPA (n=10). Twenty-five percent of the cohort had at least 1 relative affected with FTD. RESULTS Mutations in GRN were identified in 7 probands, and in MAPT, in 2 probands. We identified 3 novel GRN mutations (p.Q130X, p.317Afs*12, and p.K259Afs*23) in patients diagnosed with nonfluent-variant PPA or behavioral-variant FTD. Plasma progranulin levels were measured and a cutoff value of 70 ng/mL was found, with 100% sensitivity and specificity to detect null GRN mutations. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of GRN mutations was 9.6% and that of MAPT mutations was 7.1%. Among familial cases of FTD, the frequency of GRN mutations was 31.5% and that of MAPT mutations was 10.5%.
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Podcasy JL, Epperson CN. Considering sex and gender in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28179815 PMCID: PMC5286729 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2016.18.4/cepperson] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Suffering related to dementia is multifaceted because cognitive and physical functioning slowly deteriorates. Advanced age and sex, two of the most prominent risk factors for dementia, are not modifiable. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol use, and poor diet modulate susceptibility to dementia in both males and females. The degree to which the resulting health conditions (eg, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) impact dementia risk varies by sex. Depending on the subtype of dementia, the ratio of male to female prevalence differs. For example, females are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer disease dementia, whereas males are at greater risk of developing vascular dementia. This review examines sex and gender differences in the development of dementia with the goal of highlighting factors that require further investigation. Considering sex as a biological variable in dementia research promises to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Podcasy
- Penn PROMOTES Research on Sex and Gender in Health, University of Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Penn PROMOTES Research on Sex and Gender in Health, University of Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Curtis AF, Masellis M, Hsiung GYR, Moineddin R, Zhang K, Au B, Millett G, Mackenzie I, Rogaeva E, Tierney MC. Sex differences in the prevalence of genetic mutations in FTD and ALS: A meta-analysis. Neurology 2017; 89:1633-1642. [PMID: 28916533 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis that investigates sex differences in the prevalence of mutations in the 3 most common genes that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), progranulin (GRN), or microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)-in patients clinically diagnosed with these conditions. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched (inception to June 30, 2016). Studies of patients with FTD or ALS that reported the number of men and women with and without mutations of interest were selected. Female to male pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each mutation were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Thirty-two articles reporting 12,784 patients with ALS (including 1,244 C9orf72 mutation carriers) revealed a higher prevalence of female patients with C9orf72-related ALS (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.29). Twenty-three articles reporting 5,320 patients with FTD (including 488 C9orf72 mutation carriers) revealed no sex differences in C9orf72-related FTD (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.81-1.12). Thirty-six articles reporting 3,857 patients with FTD (including 369 GRN mutation carriers) revealed a higher prevalence of female patients with GRN-related FTD (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09-1.62). Finally, 21 articles reporting 2,377 patients with FTD (including 215 MAPT mutation carriers) revealed no sex difference in MAPT-related FTD (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.95-1.55). CONCLUSIONS Higher female prevalence of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in ALS and GRN mutations in FTD suggest that sex-related risk factors might moderate C9orf72 and GRN-mediated phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F Curtis
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Kathy Zhang
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Bonnie Au
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Geneva Millett
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Ian Mackenzie
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
| | - Mary C Tierney
- From the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.F.C., M.M., K.Z., M.C.T.), Primary Care Research Unit (A.F.C., K.Z., B.A., G.M., M.C.T.), and Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic (M.M.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Division of Neurology (G.-Y.R.H.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Family and Community Medicine (R.M., M.C.T.) and Medicine (E.R.) and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R.), University of Toronto; and Department of Neuropathology (I.M.), Vancouver General Hospital, Canada.
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Custodio N, Wheelock A, Thumala D, Slachevsky A. Dementia in Latin America: Epidemiological Evidence and Implications for Public Policy. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:221. [PMID: 28751861 PMCID: PMC5508025 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is among the most important global transformations. Today, 12% of the world population is of age 60 and over and by the middle of this century this segment will represent 21.5%. The increase in population of those aged 80 and over, also referred to as the "oldest old" or the "very elderly", will be even more pronounced, going from 1.7% of the population to 4.5% within the same period. Compared to European and North American countries, Latin America (LA) is experiencing this unprecedented demographic change at a significantly faster rate. Due to demographic and health transitions, the number of people with dementia will rise from 7.8 million in 2013 to over 27 million by 2050. Nowadays, the global prevalence of dementia in LA has reached 7.1%, with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) being the most frequent type. This level is similar to those found in developed countries; however, the dementia rate is twice as high as that of the 65-69 years age group in developed countries. In addition, the prevalence and incidence of dementia is higher among illiterate people. Mortality rates due to dementia have risen considerably. The burden and costs of the disease are high and must be covered by patients' families. The prevention of dementia and the development of long-term care policies and plans for people with dementia in LA, which take into account regional differences and similarities, should be urgent priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Custodio
- Unidad de diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo y prevención de demencia, Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de NeurocienciasLima, Peru
| | - Ana Wheelock
- Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO)Santiago, Chile.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Thumala
- Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO)Santiago, Chile.,Psychology Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO)Santiago, Chile.,Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital del SalvadorSantiago, Chile.,Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE), Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del DesarrolloSantiago, Chile
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Luzzi S, Colleoni L, Corbetta P, Baldinelli S, Fiori C, Girelli F, Silvestrini M, Caroppo P, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F, Rossi G. Missense mutation in GRN gene affecting RNA splicing and plasma progranulin level in a family affected by frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 54:214.e1-214.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bocchetta M, Mega A, Bernardi L, Di Maria E, Benussi L, Binetti G, Borroni B, Colao R, Di Fede G, Fostinelli S, Galimberti D, Gennarelli M, Ghidoni R, Piaceri I, Pievani M, Porteri C, Redaelli V, Rossi G, Suardi S, Babiloni C, Scarpini E, Tagliavini F, Padovani A, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Frisoni GB, Bruni AC. Genetic Counseling and Testing for Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: An Italian Consensus Protocol. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:277-91. [PMID: 26901402 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic testing of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is attracting interest thanks to innovative primary prevention clinical trials and increased request for information by at-risk individuals. However, ethical, social, and psychological implications are paramount and genetic testing must be supported by structured genetic counseling. In Italy, practice parameters and guidelines for genetic counseling in dementia are not available. OBJECTIVE To develop a nationally harmonized protocol for genetic counseling and testing of familial AD and FTLD. METHODS Activities were carried out in the context of the Italian Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's and Frontotemporal Network (IT-DIAfN) project, a national network of centers of excellence with expertise in managing patients with familial AD and FTLD. A survey of the literature on genetic counseling protocols and guidelines was conducted. Local protocols for genetic counseling were surveyed. Differences and commonalities among protocols were identified and discussed among project partners. Consensus was reached following implicit aggregation methods. RESULTS Consensus was reached on a protocol for patients with clinically diagnosed familial AD or FTLD and a distinct protocol for their at-risk relatives. Genetic counseling should be provided by a multidisciplinary team including a geneticist, a neurologist/geriatrician, and a psychologist/psychiatrist, according to the following schedule: (i) initial consultation with tailored information on the genetics of the dementias; (ii) clinical, psychological, and cognitive assessment; if deemed appropriate (iii) genetic testing following a structured decision tree for gene mutation search; (iv) genetic testing result disclosure; (v) psychological support follow-up. CONCLUSION This genetic counseling protocol provides Italian centers with a line of shared practice for dealing with the requests for genetic testing for familial AD and FTLD from patients and at-risk relatives, who may also be eligible participants for novel prevention clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bocchetta
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Mega
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Livia Bernardi
- Centro Regionale di Neurogenetica, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia terme (CZ) Italy
| | - Emilio Di Maria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova and Division of Medical Genetics, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- University of Brescia and Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Colao
- Centro Regionale di Neurogenetica, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia terme (CZ) Italy
| | | | - Silvia Fostinelli
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michela Pievani
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Corinna Porteri
- Bioethics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giacomina Rossi
- IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Suardi
- IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Departiment of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Padovani
- University of Brescia and Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Centro Regionale di Neurogenetica, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia terme (CZ) Italy
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20
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Patel AN, Sampson JB. Cognitive Profile of C9orf72 in Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016. [PMID: 26198888 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review article focuses on the cognitive profile associated with the C9orf72 gene with GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansions that is commonly found in both familial and sporadic forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in order to aid clinicians in the screening process. In this growing clinical continuum between FTD and ALS, understanding and recognizing a neurocognitive profile is important for diagnosis. Key features of this profile include executive dysfunction with memory impairment and language deficits as the disease progresses. Behaviorally, patients are prone to disinhibition, apathy, and psychosis. With the discovery of this mutation, studies have begun to characterize the different phenotypes associated with this mutation in terms of epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology. Greater awareness and increased surveillance for this mutation will benefit patients and their families in terms of access to genetic counseling, research studies, and improved understanding of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali N Patel
- Division of Aging and Dementia, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH-19, Room 121, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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21
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Taghdiri F, Sato C, Ghani M, Moreno D, Rogaeva E, Tartaglia MC. Novel GRN Mutations in Patients with Corticobasal Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22913. [PMID: 26961809 PMCID: PMC4785496 DOI: 10.1038/srep22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function GRN mutations lead to GRN haploinsufficiency and consequently neurodegeneration with significant heterogeneity in clinical presentation of various syndromes. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetics and clinical features of patients with GRN-related frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) syndromes. We performed mutation analysis of GRN in 45 unrelated Canadian patients with a broad spectrum of FTLD-like syndromes (mean age at onset of 64.0 ± 11.2 years). In our cohort, two patients were carriers of two novel heterozygous alterations in GRN: 2 bp insertion (c.769-770insCC:p.Q257fs) and 12 bp deletion (c.1009-1020del:p.337-340del). Both patients presented with corticobasal syndrome supported by clinical and radiological findings. The absence of the mutant allele in the RT-PCR product was only observed for the sample with 2 bp insertion in GRN. In contrast, the allele with 12 bp deletion in GRN was not down-regulated at the RNA level and did not segregate with FTLD in the family. Our report extends the evidence for genetic and phenotypic variability in FTLD disorders, and detects a novel pathogenic GRN mutation, carriers of which could eventually help to evaluate the efficacy of different treatments at early stages of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foad Taghdiri
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Christine Sato
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mahdi Ghani
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Danielle Moreno
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.,Devision of Neurology, University Health Network memory clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst street, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
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22
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Karch CM, Ezerskiy L, Redaelli V, Giovagnoli AR, Tiraboschi P, Pelliccioni G, Pelliccioni P, Kapetis D, D'Amato I, Piccoli E, Ferretti MG, Tagliavini F, Rossi G. Missense mutations in progranulin gene associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration: study of pathogenetic features. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 38:215.e1-215.e12. [PMID: 26652843 PMCID: PMC4738142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
GRN, the gene coding for the progranulin (PGRN) protein, was recognized as a gene linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The first mutations identified were null mutations giving rise to haploinsufficiency. Missense mutations were subsequently detected, but only a small subset has been functionally investigated. We identified missense mutations (C105Y, A199V, and R298H) in FTLD cases with family history and/or with low plasma PGRN levels. The aim of this study was to determine their pathogenicity. We performed functional studies, analyzing PGRN expression, secretion, and cleavage by elastase. GRN C105Y affected both secretion and elastase cleavage, likely representing a pathogenic mutation. GRN A199V did not alter the physiological properties of PGRN and GRN R298H produced only moderate effects on PGRN secretion, indicating that their pathogenicity is uncertain. In the absence of strong segregation data and neuropathological examinations, genetic, biomarker, and functional studies can be applied to an algorithm to assess the likelihood of pathogenicity for a mutation. This information can improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms by which GRN mutations lead to FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lubov Ezerskiy
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Giovagnoli
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Tiraboschi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pelliccioni
- Division of Neurology, Geriatric Hospital, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dimos Kapetis
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Amato
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Piccoli
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Ferretti
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
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23
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Luukkainen L, Bloigu R, Moilanen V, Remes AM. Epidemiology of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in Northern Finland. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2015; 5:435-41. [PMID: 26675285 PMCID: PMC4677706 DOI: 10.1159/000440858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is responsible for as many as every fifth case of early-onset dementia. Very few epidemiological studies of FTLD have been conducted; there are no published epidemiological data of FTLD from Finland or the other Nordic countries. The C9ORF72 expansion-associated FTLD is common in Finland; thus, the prevalence of FTLD is expected to be high in this population. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the incidence and prevalence of FTLD in university hospital settings in Northern Finland. RESULTS The mean 1-year incidence of FTLD was 5.54/100,000 (range 1.9-11.3/100,000) in the population aged 45-65 years. The prevalence of FTLD in the same age group was 20.5/100,000. CONCLUSION The incidence and prevalence of FTLD in Finland seem to be the highest in Europe. However, studies from different countries may not be directly mutually comparable due to methodological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Luukkainen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Medical Informatics Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Moilanen
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Marja Remes
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Milanesi E, Pilotto A. Microarray gene and miRNA expression studies: looking for new therapeutic targets for frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Drug Dev Res 2015; 75:366-71. [PMID: 25195580 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) encompasses a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by behavioral, executive and language impairment, with a common overlap with parkinsonism and motor-neuron disease. Despite an increased understanding of its genetic background and molecular pathophysiology, FTLD is still an orphan disorder and there are currently no effective therapies available. In this brief overview we report the results obtained by several high-throughput and bioinformatic studies aimed at discovering impairment in the transcriptional profiles in brain and peripheral tissues from FTLD patients and in animal models. Taken together, all these results provide an interesting but still fragmentary list of genes and miRNAs whose role in FTLD should be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Milanesi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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25
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Caixeta L, Vieira RT, Paes F, Carta MG, Nardi AE, Arias-Carrión O, Rocha NBF, Budde H, Machado S. Comparative study of subcortical atrophy in patients with frontotemporal dementia and dementia with extrapyramidal signs. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2015; 11:125-9. [PMID: 25870648 PMCID: PMC4391205 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901511010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives :
To investigate the severity of subcortical atrophy in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) without extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and dementia with EPS. In addition, we aim to verify if there is correlation between demographic and clinical characteristics and subcortical atrophy in the groups. Methodology : The sample was composed of 21 patients with dementia and EPS as well as 19 patients with FTD without EPS. A linear assessment was conducted in order to identify the degree of subcortical atrophy (i.e., bifrontal index - BFI) using MRI. Moreover, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were used to investigate clinical aspects. Results : It was verified that patients with dementia and EPS was older than the patients with FTD (p=0.01). The severity of cognitive deficits was associated with BFI, as well as the dementia severity in the EPS group. Conclusion : FTD group presented mean BFI scores above the cutoff for normal elderly population, indicating the presence of subcortical atrophy in this group. Mean BFI was higher (although not statistically significant) in FTD group than in dementia with EPS, which can suggest at least that subcortical pathology in FTD may be as important as in the dementia with EPS group. Subcortical atrophy is a good biological marker for cognitive deterioration in FTD and in dementia with EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Caixeta
- Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Dementia Outpatient Unit, Hospital das Clínicas-UFG, Brazil
| | - Renata Teles Vieira
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia (GO), Brazil
| | - Flávia Paes
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinic and Molecular Medicine - University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Secretaria de Salud, México, DF, México
| | - Nuno B F Rocha
- Polytechnic Institute of Porto, School of Allied Health Sciences, Portugal
| | - Henning Budde
- Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Pedagogy, Germany; Reykjavik University, School of Science and Engineering, Department of Sport Science, Iceland
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil ; Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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26
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Fontana F, Siva K, Denti MA. A network of RNA and protein interactions in Fronto Temporal Dementia. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:9. [PMID: 25852467 PMCID: PMC4365750 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of the fronto temporal lobes and abnormal protein inclusions. It exhibits a broad clinicopathological spectrum and has been linked to mutations in seven different genes. We will provide a picture, which connects the products of these genes, albeit diverse in nature and function, in a network. Despite the paucity of information available for some of these genes, we believe that RNA processing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression might constitute a common theme in the network. Recent studies have unraveled the role of mutations affecting the functions of RNA binding proteins and regulation of microRNAs. This review will combine all the recent findings on genes involved in the pathogenesis of FTD, highlighting the importance of a common network of interactions in order to study and decipher the heterogeneous clinical manifestations associated with FTD. This approach could be helpful for the research of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fontana
- Laboratory of RNA Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
| | - Kavitha Siva
- Laboratory of RNA Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
| | - Michela A. Denti
- Laboratory of RNA Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
- CNR, Institute of NeurosciencePadua, Italy
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27
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Effect of diagnostic criteria on prevalence of frontotemporal dementia in the elderly. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 11:425-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia, a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, is a common cause of young onset dementia (i.e. dementia developing in midlife or earlier). The estimated point prevalence is 15-22/100,000, and incidence 2.7-4.1/100,000. Some 25% are late-life onset cases. Population studies show nearly equal distribution by gender, which contrasts with myriad clinical and neuropathology reports. FTD is frequently familial and hereditary; five genetic loci for causal mutations have been identified, all showing 100% penetrance. Non-genetic risk factors are yet to be identified. FTD shows poor life expectancy but with survival comparable to that of Alzheimer's disease. Recent progress includes the formulation of up-to-date diagnostic criteria for the behavioural and language variants, and the development of new and urgently needed instruments for monitoring and staging the illness. There is still need for descriptive population studies to fill gaps in our knowledge about minority groups and developing regions. More pressing, however, is the need for reliable physiological markers for disease. There is a present imperative to develop a translational science to form the conduit for transferring neurobiological discoveries and insights from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiadi U. Onyike
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry at Technische Universität München, München DE, Germany
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29
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Cerami C, Cappa SF. The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia: linking neuropathology to social cognition. Neurol Sci 2013; 34:1267-74. [PMID: 23377232 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders with a presenile onset. It is characterized by a long phase of subclinical behavioral changes and social conduct disorders, associated with a progressive modification of personality. Recently, an international consortium of experts developed revised guidelines for its clinical diagnosis, which highlight the supportive role of biomarkers in the diagnostic process. According to new criteria, bvFTD can be classified in "possible" (requiring three of six specific clinical features), "probable" (in the presence of functional disability and typical neuroimaging features), and "with definite frontotemporal lobar degeneration" (requiring the presence of a known causal mutation or a histopathological confirmation). Familial aggregation is frequently reported in bvFTD and frontotemporal lobar degeneration in general, with an autosomal dominant transmission in about 10 % cases. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss recent advances in the knowledge of clinical, neuropsychological, and imaging features of bvFTD. We also briefly summarize the available genetic information about the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cerami
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Abstract
Therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) must take into account the characteristics of elderly people, who often have somatic comorbidities. Moreover, demented patients are more frequently frailer than older people. They have a higher number of admissions to hospital, a greater prevalence of complications and an increased risk of death. Therapeutic decisions for these patients have to be approached cautiously: aging, a more elevated comorbidity/polytherapy index and frailty contribute to enhance the risk of pharmacological adverse events and drug interactions. The aim of the present study was to focus on risk–benefit profile of pharmacological therapy for AD in relation to somatic comorbidities that often affect these patients. A Medline search (from 2001 to 2012) was performed using as key words dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, drug treatment, somatic comorbidities, side effects/adverse events and elderly. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine represent the main pharmacological strategies effective in reducing the progression of cognitive decline and functional loss in AD. Many conditions very common in the elderly may restrict the use of ChEIs and/or treatment efficacy in AD patients. Memantine has a good efficacy and tolerability profile with better safety in pulmonary, cardiovascular and central nervous system comorbidities compared to ChEIs. Drug interactions with memantine are also more favorable since they concern mostly drugs not commonly used in the elderly. Only a careful evaluation of the associated somatic diseases, taking into account different drugs safety indexes and tolerability, can lead to personalized treatment management, in order to maximize drug efficacy and optimize quality of life.
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31
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Custodio N, Herrera-Perez E, Lira D, Montesinos R, Bendezu L. Prevalence of frontotemporal dementia in community-based studies in Latin America: a systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2013; 7:27-32. [PMID: 29213816 PMCID: PMC5619541 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin America (LA) is experiencing a rise in the elderly population and a consequent increase in geriatric problems such as dementia. There are few epidemiological studies assessing the magnitude of dementia and dementia subtypes in LA. OBJECTIVE To identify published community-based studies on the prevalence of FTD in LA countries. METHODS A database search for door-to-door studies on FTD prevalence in LA was performed. The search was carried out on Medline, Embase, and LILACS databases for research conducted between 1994 and 2012. The main inclusion criteria were: use of any internationally accepted diagnostic criteria and investigation of community samples. RESULTS Four hundred and ninety two articles were found, of which 26 were initially pre-selected by title or abstract review. Five studies from 3 different countries were included. The FTD prevalence rates in community-dwelling elderly were 1.2 (Venezuela), 1.3 (Peru) and 1.7-1.8 (Brazil) per thousand persons, depending on age group. CONCLUSION The FTD prevalence in LA studies showed values mid-way between those observed in western and in oriental populations. Despite the magnitude of this problem, epidemiological information on FTD remains scarce in LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Custodio
- Department of Neurology, Clinica Internacional, Lima,
Peru. Unit of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention, Clinica Internacional,
Lima, Peru
| | - Eder Herrera-Perez
- Unit of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention,
Clinica Internacional, Lima, Peru. Research Projects Unit, National Institute of
Child Health. Lima, Peru
| | - David Lira
- Department of Neurology, Clinica Internacional, Lima,
Peru. Unit of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention, Clinica Internacional,
Lima, Peru
| | - Rosa Montesinos
- Unit of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention,
Clinica Internacional, Lima, Peru. Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Clinica
Internacional, Lima, Peru
| | - Liliana Bendezu
- Department of Neurology, Clinica Internacional, Lima,
Peru. Unit of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention, Clinica Internacional,
Lima, Peru
| |
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