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König T, Wurm R, Parvizi T, Silvaieh S, Hotzy C, Cetin H, Klotz S, Gelpi E, Bancher C, Benke T, Dal-Bianco P, Defrancesco M, Fischer P, Marksteiner J, Sutterlüty H, Ransmayr G, Schmidt R, Zimprich A, Stögmann E. C9orf72 repeat length might influence clinical sub-phenotypes in dementia patients. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Genome-wide association study of frontotemporal dementia identifies a C9ORF72 haplotype with a median of 12-G4C2 repeats that predisposes to pathological repeat expansions. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:451. [PMID: 34475377 PMCID: PMC8413318 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play a major role in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The majority of FTD cannot be genetically explained yet and it is likely that there are still FTD risk loci to be discovered. Common variants have been identified with genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but these studies have not systematically searched for rare variants. To identify rare and new common variant FTD risk loci and provide more insight into the heritability of C9ORF72-related FTD, we performed a GWAS consisting of 354 FTD patients (including and excluding N = 28 pathological repeat carriers) and 4209 control subjects. The Haplotype Reference Consortium was used as reference panel, allowing for the imputation of rare genetic variants. Two rare genetic variants nearby C9ORF72 were strongly associated with FTD in the discovery (rs147211831: OR = 4.8, P = 9.2 × 10-9, rs117204439: OR = 4.9, P = 6.0 × 10-9) and replication analysis (P < 1.1 × 10-3). These variants also significantly associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a publicly available dataset. Using haplotype analyses in 1200 individuals, we showed that these variants tag a sub-haplotype of the founder haplotype of the repeat expansion that was previously found to be present in virtually all pathological C9ORF72 G4C2 repeat lengths. This new risk haplotype was 10 times more likely to contain a C9ORF72 pathological repeat length compared to founder haplotypes without one of the two risk variants (~22% versus ~2%; P = 7.70 × 10-58). In haplotypes without a pathologic expansion, the founder risk haplotype had a higher number of repeats (median = 12 repeats) compared to the founder haplotype without the risk variants (median = 8 repeats) (P = 2.05 × 10-260). In conclusion, the identified risk haplotype, which is carried by ~4% of all individuals, is a major risk factor for pathological repeat lengths of C9ORF72 G4C2. These findings strongly indicate that longer C9ORF72 repeats are unstable and more likely to convert to germline pathological C9ORF72 repeat expansions.
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Katsumata Y, Abner EL, Karanth S, Teylan MA, Mock CN, Cykowski MD, Lee EB, Boehme KL, Mukherjee S, Kauwe JSK, Kryscio RJ, Schmitt FA, Fardo DW, Nelson PT. Distinct clinicopathologic clusters of persons with TDP-43 proteinopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:659-674. [PMID: 32797255 PMCID: PMC7572241 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To better understand clinical and neuropathological features of TDP-43 proteinopathies, data were analyzed from autopsied research volunteers who were followed in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data set. All subjects (n = 495) had autopsy-proven TDP-43 proteinopathy as an inclusion criterion. Subjects underwent comprehensive longitudinal clinical evaluations yearly for 6.9 years before death on average. We tested whether an unsupervised clustering algorithm could detect coherent groups of TDP-43 immunopositive cases based on age at death and extensive neuropathologic data. Although many of the brains had mixed pathologies, four discernible clusters were identified. Key differentiating features were age at death and the severity of comorbid Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC), particularly neuritic amyloid plaque densities. Cluster 1 contained mostly cases with a pathologic diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP), consistent with enrichment of frontotemporal dementia clinical phenotypes including appetite/eating problems, disinhibition and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Cluster 2 consisted of elderly limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE-NC) subjects without severe neuritic amyloid plaques. Subjects in Cluster 2 had a relatively slow cognitive decline. Subjects in both Clusters 3 and 4 had severe ADNC + LATE-NC; however, Cluster 4 was distinguished by earlier disease onset, swifter disease course, more Lewy body pathology, less neocortical TDP-43 proteinopathy, and a suggestive trend in a subgroup analysis (n = 114) for increased C9orf72 risk SNP rs3849942 T allele (Fisher's exact test p value = 0.095). Overall, clusters enriched with neocortical TDP-43 proteinopathy (Clusters 1 and 2) tended to have lower levels of neuritic amyloid plaques, and those dying older (Clusters 2 and 3) had far less PPA or disinhibition, but more apathy. Indeed, 98% of subjects dying past age 85 years lacked clinical features of the frontotemporal dementia syndrome. Our study revealed discernible subtypes of LATE-NC and underscored the importance of age of death for differentiating FTLD-TDP and LATE-NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Shama Karanth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Merilee A Teylan
- Department of Epidemiology, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Charles N Mock
- Department of Epidemiology, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin L Boehme
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | | | - John S K Kauwe
- Brigham Young University-Hawaii, Laie, HI, 96762, USA
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 800 S. Limestone Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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4
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Shamim U, Ambawat S, Singh J, Thomas A, Pradeep-Chandra-Reddy C, Suroliya V, Uppilli B, Parveen S, Sharma P, Chanchal S, Nashi S, Preethish-Kumar V, Vengalil S, Polavarapu K, Keerthipriya M, Mahajan NP, Reddy N, Thomas PT, Sadasivan A, Warrier M, Seth M, Zahra S, Mathur A, Vibha D, Srivastava AK, Nalini A, Faruq M. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in Indian patients with ALS: a common founder and its geographical predilection. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 88:156.e1-156.e9. [PMID: 32035847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 is defined as a major causative factor for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mutation frequency varies dramatically among populations of different ethnicity; however, in most cases, C9orf72 mutant has been described on a common founder haplotype. We assessed its frequency in a study cohort involving 593 clinically and electrophysiologically defined ALS cases. We also investigated the presence of reported Finnish haplotype among the mutation carriers. The identified common haplotype region was further screened in 192 (carrying 2-6 G4C2 repeats) and 96 (≥7 repeats) control chromosomes. The G4C2 expansion was observed in 3.2% (19/593) of total cases where 9/19 (47.4%) positive cases belonged to the eastern region of India. Haplotype analysis revealed 11 G4C2-Ex carriers shared the common haplotype (haplo-A) background spanning a region of ∼90 kbp (rs895021-rs11789520) including rs3849942 (a well-known global at-risk loci with T allele for G4C2 expansion). The other 3 G4C2-Ex cases had a different haplotype (haplo-B) with core difference from haplo-A at G4C2-Ex flanking 31 kbp region between rs3849942 and rs11789520 SNPs (allele 'C' of rs3849942 which is a nonrisk allele). Out of other five G4C2-cases, four carried the risk allele T of rs3849942 while one harbored the non-risk allele. This study establishes the prevalence of C9orf72 expansion in Indian ALS cases providing further evidence for geographical predilection. The global core risk haplotype predominated C9orf72 expansion-positive ALS cases, yet the existence of a different haplotype suggests a second lineage (haplo B), which may have been derived from the Finnish core haplotype or may imply a unique haplotype among Asians. The association of risk haplotype with normal intermediate C9orf72 alleles reinforced its role in conferring instability to the C9orf72-G4C2 region. We thus present an effective support to interpret future burden of ALS cases in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Shamim
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Ambawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aneesa Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Varun Suroliya
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharathram Uppilli
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaista Parveen
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shankar Chanchal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Seena Vengalil
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Muddasu Keerthipriya
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Neeraja Reddy
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priya Treesa Thomas
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arun Sadasivan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manjusha Warrier
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Malika Seth
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sana Zahra
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aradhana Mathur
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Achal K Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.
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5
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Calvo AC, Moreno L, Moreno L, Toivonen JM, Manzano R, Molina N, de la Torre M, López T, Miana-Mena FJ, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Larrodé P, García-Redondo A, Osta R. Type XIX collagen: a promising biomarker from the basement membranes. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:988-995. [PMID: 31823868 PMCID: PMC7034273 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among collagen members in the collagen superfamily, type XIX collagen has raised increasing interest in relation to its structural and biological roles. Type XIX collagen is a Fibril-Associated Collagen with Interrupted Triple helices member, one main subclass of collagens in this superfamily. This collagen contains a triple helix composed of three polypeptide segments aligned in parallel and it is associated with the basement membrane zone in different tissues. The molecular structure of type XIX collagen consists of five collagenous domains, COL1 to COL5, interrupted by six non-collagenous domains, NC1 to NC6. The most relevant domain by which this collagen exerts its biological roles is NC1 domain that can be cleavage enzymatically to release matricryptins, exerting anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effect in murine and human models of cancer. Under physiological conditions, type XIX collagen expression decreases after birth in different tissues although it is necessary to keep its basal levels, mainly in skeletal muscle and hippocampal and telencephalic interneurons in brain. Notwithstanding, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, altered transcript expression levels show a novel biological effect of this collagen beyond its structural role in basement membranes and its anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic properties. Type XIX collagen can exert a compensatory effect to ameliorate the disease progression under neurodegenerative conditions specific to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in transgenic SOD1G93A mice and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. This novel biological role highlights its nature as prognostic biomarker of disease progression in and as promising therapeutic target, paving the way to a more precise prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Calvo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreno
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janne M Toivonen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nora Molina
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miriam de la Torre
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tresa López
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco J Miana-Mena
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J Muñoz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Larrodé
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Karch CM, Wen N, Fan CC, Yokoyama JS, Kouri N, Ross OA, Höglinger G, Müller U, Ferrari R, Hardy J, Schellenberg GD, Sleiman PM, Momeni P, Hess CP, Miller BL, Sharma M, Van Deerlin V, Smeland OB, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Desikan RS. Selective Genetic Overlap Between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Diseases of the Frontotemporal Dementia Spectrum. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:860-875. [PMID: 29630712 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Although novel ALS genetic variants have been identified, the shared genetic risk between ALS and other neurodegenerative disorders remains poorly understood. Objectives To examine whether there are common genetic variants that determine the risk for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases and to identify their functional pathways. Design, Setting, and Participants In this study conducted from December 1, 2016, to August 1, 2017, the genetic overlap between ALS, sporadic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), FTD with TDP-43 inclusions, Parkinson disease (PD), Alzheimer disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) were systematically investigated in 124 876 cases and controls. No participants were excluded from this study. Diagnoses were established using consensus criteria. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were a list of novel loci and their functional pathways in ALS, FTD, PSP, and ALS mouse models. Results Among 124 876 cases and controls, genome-wide conjunction analyses of ALS, FTD, PD, AD, CBD, and PSP revealed significant genetic overlap between ALS and FTD at known ALS loci: rs13302855 and rs3849942 (nearest gene, C9orf72; P = .03 for rs13302855 and P = .005 for rs3849942) and rs4239633 (nearest gene, UNC13A; P = .03). Significant genetic overlap was also found between ALS and PSP at rs7224296, which tags the MAPT H1 haplotype (nearest gene, NSF; P = .045). Shared risk genes were enriched for pathways involving neuronal function and development. At a conditional FDR P < .05, 22 novel ALS polymorphisms were found, including rs538622 (nearest gene, ERGIC1; P = .03 for ALS and FTD), which modifies BNIP1 expression in human brains (35 of 137 females; mean age, 59 years; P = .001). BNIP1 expression was significantly reduced in spinal cord motor neurons from patients with ALS (4 controls: mean age, 60.5 years, mean [SE] value, 3984 [760.8] arbitrary units [AU]; 7 patients with ALS: mean age, 56 years, mean [SE] value, 1999 [274.1] AU; P = .02), in an ALS mouse model (mean [SE] value, 13.75 [0.09] AU for 2 SOD1 WT mice and 11.45 [0.03] AU for 2 SOD1 G93A mice; P = .002) and in brains of patients with PSP (80 controls: 39 females; mean age, 82 years, mean [SE] value, 6.8 [0.2] AU; 84 patients with PSP: 33 females, mean age 74 years, mean [SE] value, 6.8 [0.1] AU; β = -0.19; P = .009) or FTD (11 controls: 4 females; mean age, 67 years; mean [SE] value, 6.74 [0.05] AU; 17 patients with FTD: 10 females; mean age, 69 years; mean [SE] value, 6.53 [0.04] AU; P = .005). Conclusions and Relevance This study found novel genetic overlap between ALS and diseases of the FTD spectrum, that the MAPT H1 haplotype confers risk for ALS, and identified the mitophagy-associated, proapoptotic protein BNIP1 as an ALS risk gene. Together, these findings suggest that sporadic ALS may represent a selectively pleiotropic, polygenic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Natalie Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Chun C Fan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Naomi Kouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Gunter Höglinger
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institut for Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Patrick M Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Parastoo Momeni
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vivianna Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.,Department of Neurosciences and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Rahul S Desikan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
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7
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Moreno-Martínez L, de la Torre M, Toivonen JM, Zaragoza P, García-Redondo A, Calvo AC, Osta R. Circulating Cytokines Could Not Be Good Prognostic Biomarkers in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:801. [PMID: 31031774 PMCID: PMC6473074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence of the role of inflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) during the last decade. Although the origin of ALS remains unknown, multiple potential inflammatory biomarkers have been described in ALS patients and murine models of this disease to explain the progressive motor neuron loss and muscle atrophy. However, the results remain controversial. To shed light on this issue, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers of inflammation that can influence disease progression and survival in serial blood samples from transgenic SOD1G93A mice, a model of ALS. Methods: A cytokine array assay was performed to analyze protein expression of 97 cytokines in plasma samples from wildtype controls and transgenic SOD1G93A mice at asymptomatic stage. Subsequently, serial plasma samples were obtained from SOD1G93A mice at early symptomatic, symptomatic and terminal stages to monitor cytokine levels during disease progression through immunoassays. Comparisons of means of quantifiable cytokines between short-and long-lived mice were analyzed by unrelated t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Relationships between cytokines levels and survival time were assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: A total of 16 cytokines (6Ckine, ALK-1, CD30 L, eotaxin-1, galectin-1, GITR, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17B R, MIP-1α, MIP-3β, RANKL, TROY, and VEGF-D) were found dysregulated in transgenic SOD1G93A mice at asymptomatic stage compared with age-matched controls. Immunoassays of serial samples revealed positive expression of ALK-1, GITR and IL-17B R at P60 and P90 in mice with shorter survival. In addition, eotaxin-1 and galectin-1 levels were significantly increased at terminal stage in SOD1G93A mice that showed shorter survival time. Finally, levels of eotaxin-1, galectin-1, IL-2, IL-6, MIP-1α, and TROY at P90 or endpoint negatively correlated with the longevity of transgenic mice. Conclusions: We demonstrated in the SOD1G93A model of ALS that increased levels of several cytokines were associated with a shorter lifespan. However, their role as prognostic biomarkers is unclear as their expression was very variable depending on both the disease stage and the subject. Nevertheless, cytokines may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-Martínez
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miriam de la Torre
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janne M Toivonen
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Calvo AC, Cibreiro GA, Merino PT, Roy JF, Galiana A, Rufián AJ, Cano JM, Martín MA, Moreno L, Larrodé P, Vázquez PC, Galán L, Mora J, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Pegoraro E, Sorarù G, Mora M, Lunetta C, Penco S, Tarlarini C, Esteban J, Osta R, Redondo AG. Collagen XIX Alpha 1 Improves Prognosis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2019; 10:278-292. [PMID: 31011479 PMCID: PMC6457048 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of more reliable diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), is urgently needed. The objective in this study was to identify more reliable prognostic biomarkers of ALS mirroring neurodegeneration that could be of help in clinical trials. A total of 268 participants from three cohorts were included in this study. The muscle and blood cohorts were analyzed in two cross-sectional studies, while the serial blood cohort was analyzed in a longitudinal study at 6-monthly intervals. Fifteen target genes and fourteen proteins involved in muscle physiology and differentiation, metabolic processes and neuromuscular junction dismantlement were studied in the three cohorts. In the muscle biopsy cohort, the risk for a higher mortality in an ALS patient that showed high Collagen type XIX, alpha 1 (COL19A1) protein levels and a fast progression of the disease was 70.5% (P < 0.05), while in the blood cohort, this risk was 20% (P < 0.01). In the serial blood cohort, the linear mixed model analysis showed a significant association between increasing COL19A1 gene levels along disease progression and a faster progression during the follow-up period of 24 months (P < 0.05). Additionally, higher COL19A1 levels and a faster progression increased 17.9% the mortality risk (P < 0.01). We provide new evidence that COL19A1 can be considered a prognostic biomarker that could help the selection of homogeneous groups of patients for upcoming clinical trial and may be pointed out as a promising therapeutic target in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Calvo
- 1LAGENBIO (Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriela Atencia Cibreiro
- 2Neurology Department, ALS Unit, CIBERER U-723, Health Research Institute, October 12th Hospital "IIS I+12", Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz Torre Merino
- 2Neurology Department, ALS Unit, CIBERER U-723, Health Research Institute, October 12th Hospital "IIS I+12", Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Roy
- 3Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, NY 10461, USA
| | - Adrián Galiana
- 4Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Juárez Rufián
- 2Neurology Department, ALS Unit, CIBERER U-723, Health Research Institute, October 12th Hospital "IIS I+12", Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Cano
- 5Orthopaedic Surgery Department, October 12th Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- 6Grupo Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), U723-CIBERER, Madrid, España
| | - Laura Moreno
- 1LAGENBIO (Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Larrodé
- 1LAGENBIO (Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cordero Vázquez
- 2Neurology Department, ALS Unit, CIBERER U-723, Health Research Institute, October 12th Hospital "IIS I+12", Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Galán
- 7Neurology Department, ALS Unit, Clínico Universitario San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mora
- 8Neurology Department, ALS Unit, Carlos III Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Muñoz-Blanco
- 9Neurology Department, ALS Unit, Health Research Institute, Gregorio Marañón Hospital "IISGM", Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Muñoz
- 1LAGENBIO (Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- 1LAGENBIO (Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- 10Neurological Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- 10Neurological Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- 11Muscle Cell Biology Laboratory, Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- 12NEMO (NEuroMuscular Omnicentre) Clinical Center, Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Penco
- 13Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Tarlarini
- 13Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jesús Esteban
- 2Neurology Department, ALS Unit, CIBERER U-723, Health Research Institute, October 12th Hospital "IIS I+12", Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- 1LAGENBIO (Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS, IA2-CITA, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto García Redondo
- 2Neurology Department, ALS Unit, CIBERER U-723, Health Research Institute, October 12th Hospital "IIS I+12", Madrid, Spain
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9
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Placek K, Baer GM, Elman L, McCluskey L, Hennessy L, Ferraro PM, Lee EB, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Grossman M, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT. UNC13A polymorphism contributes to frontotemporal disease in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 73:190-199. [PMID: 30368160 PMCID: PMC6251755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority (90%-95%) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is sporadic, and ∼50% of patients develop symptoms of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) associated with shorter survival. The genetic polymorphism rs12608932 in UNC13A confers increased risk of sporadic ALS and sporadic FTD and modifies survival in ALS. Here, we evaluate whether rs12608932 is also associated with frontotemporal disease in sporadic ALS. We identified reduced cortical thickness in sporadic ALS with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (N = 109) relative to controls (N = 113), and observed that minor allele (C) carriers exhibited greater reduction of cortical thickness in the dorsal prefrontal, ventromedial prefrontal, anterior temporal, and middle temporal cortices and worse performance on a frontal lobe-mediated cognitive test (reverse digit span). In sporadic ALS with autopsy data (N = 102), minor allele homozygotes exhibited greater burden of phosphorylated tar DNA-binding protein-43 kda (TDP-43) pathology in the middle frontal, middle temporal, and motor cortices. Our findings demonstrate converging evidence that rs12608932 may modify frontotemporal disease in sporadic ALS and suggest that rs12608932 may function as a prognostic indicator and could be used to define patient endophenotypes in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Placek
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Michael Baer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Comprehensive ALS Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Comprehensive ALS Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Hennessy
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pilar M Ferraro
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Theme 1 Genetics and genomics. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 19:91-111. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1510210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Corces MR, Trevino AE, Hamilton EG, Greenside PG, Sinnott-Armstrong NA, Vesuna S, Satpathy AT, Rubin AJ, Montine KS, Wu B, Kathiria A, Cho SW, Mumbach MR, Carter AC, Kasowski M, Orloff LA, Risca VI, Kundaje A, Khavari PA, Montine TJ, Greenleaf WJ, Chang HY. An improved ATAC-seq protocol reduces background and enables interrogation of frozen tissues. Nat Methods 2017; 14:959-962. [PMID: 28846090 PMCID: PMC5623106 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1276] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present Omni-ATAC, an improved ATAC-seq protocol for chromatin accessibility profiling that works across multiple applications with substantial improvement of signal-to-background ratio and information content. The Omni-ATAC protocol generates chromatin accessibility profiles from archival frozen tissue samples and 50-μm sections, revealing the activities of disease-associated DNA elements in distinct human brain structures. The Omni-ATAC protocol enables the interrogation of personal regulomes in tissue context and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ryan Corces
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alexandro E Trevino
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emily G Hamilton
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peyton G Greenside
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Sam Vesuna
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Adam J Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kathleen S Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Beijing Wu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Arwa Kathiria
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Seung Woo Cho
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maxwell R Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ava C Carter
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maya Kasowski
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lisa A Orloff
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Viviana I Risca
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Itzcovich T, Xi Z, Martinetto H, Chrem-Méndez P, Russo MJ, de Ambrosi B, Uchitel OD, Nogués M, Silva E, Rojas G, Bagnatti P, Amengual A, Campos J, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Allegri R, Sevlever G, Surace EI. Analysis of C9orf72 in patients with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from Argentina. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 40:192.e13-192.e15. [PMID: 26925510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic expansion of the G4C2 repeat in C9orf72 is the main genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To evaluate the frequency of the G4C2 expansion in a Latin American cohort of FTD and ALS patients, we used a 2-step genotyping strategy. For FTD, we observed an overall expansion frequency of 18.2% (6 of 33 unrelated cases). Moreover, the C9orf72 expansion accounted for 37.5% of all familial FTD cases (6 of 16 families). The expansion frequency in sporadic ALS cases was 2% (1 of 47 unrelated patients), whereas we observed the expansion in 1 of 3 families with a positive history for ALS. Overall, the expansion frequency in our FTD group was similar to that reported for patients in Europe and North America, whereas the frequency in our sporadic ALS group was significantly lower. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the frequency of the C9orf72 expansion in a Latin American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Itzcovich
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zhengrui Xi
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Horacio Martinetto
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Chrem-Méndez
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento, Departamento de Neurología Cognitiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julieta Russo
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento, Departamento de Neurología Cognitiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno de Ambrosi
- Clínica de Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica, Departamento de Neurología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo D Uchitel
- Clínica de Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica, Departamento de Neurología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Nogués
- Clínica de Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica, Departamento de Neurología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Silva
- Hospital Escuela de Agudos Dr. Ramón Madariaga, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Galeno Rojas
- Centro de Neurología Cognitiva-Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Bagnatti
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento, Departamento de Neurología Cognitiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Amengual
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento, Departamento de Neurología Cognitiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Campos
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento, Departamento de Neurología Cognitiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento, Departamento de Neurología Cognitiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel I Surace
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Abramycheva NY, Lysogorskaia EV, Stepanova MS, Zakharova MN, Kovrazhkina EA, Razinskaya OD, Smirnov AP, Maltsev AV, Ustyugov AA, Kukharsky MS, Khritankova IV, Bachurin SO, Cooper-Knock J, Buchman VL, Illarioshkin SN, Skvortsova VI, Ninkina N. C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in ALS patients from the Central European Russia population. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2908.e5-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Smith L, Cupid BC, Dickie BGM, Al-Chalabi A, Morrison KE, Shaw CE, Shaw PJ. Establishing the UK DNA Bank for motor neuron disease (MND). BMC Genet 2015; 16:84. [PMID: 26170009 PMCID: PMC4501191 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2003 the Motor Neurone Disease (MND) Association, together with The Wellcome Trust, funded the creation of a national DNA Bank specific for MND. It was anticipated that the DNA Bank would constitute an important resource to researchers worldwide and significantly increase activity in MND genetic research. The DNA Bank houses over 3000 high quality DNA samples, all of which were donated by people living with MND, family members and non-related controls, accompanied by clinical phenotype data about the patients. Today the primary focus of the UK MND DNA Bank still remains to identify causative and disease modifying factors for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Smith
- Motor Neurone Disease Association, PO Box 246, Northampton, NN1 2PR, UK.
| | - B C Cupid
- Motor Neurone Disease Association, PO Box 246, Northampton, NN1 2PR, UK.
| | - B G M Dickie
- Motor Neurone Disease Association, PO Box 246, Northampton, NN1 2PR, UK.
| | - A Al-Chalabi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Dementia, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - K E Morrison
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - C E Shaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Dementia, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - P J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
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15
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Cooper-Knock J, Kirby J, Highley R, Shaw PJ. The Spectrum of C9orf72-mediated Neurodegeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:326-39. [PMID: 25731823 PMCID: PMC4404438 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most numerous genetic variant of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia has opened a rapidly growing field, which may provide long hoped for advances in the understanding and treatment of these devastating diseases. In this review we describe the various phenotypes, clinical and pathological, associated with expansion of C9orf72, which go beyond amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia to include neurodegeneration more broadly. Next we take a step back and summarize the current understanding of the C9orf72 expansion and its protein products at a molecular level. Three mechanisms are prominent: toxicity mediated directly by RNA transcribed from the repeat; toxicity mediated by dipeptide repeat proteins translated from the repeat sequence; and haploinsufficiency resulting from reduced transcription of the C9orf72 exonic sequence. A series of exciting advances have recently described how dipeptide repeat proteins might interfere with the normal role of the nucleolus in maturation of RNA binding proteins and in production of ribosomes. Importantly, these mechanisms are unlikely to be mutually exclusive. We draw attention to the fact that clinical and pathological similarities to other genetic variants without a repeat expansion must not be overlooked in ascribing a pathogenic mechanism to C9orf72-disease. Finally, with a view to impact on patient care, we discuss current practice with respect to genetic screening in patients with and without a family history of disease, and the most promising developments towards therapy that have been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
| | - Robin Highley
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
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16
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17
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Small deletion in C9orf72 hides a proportion of expansion carriers in FTLD. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1601.e1-5. [PMID: 25595499 PMCID: PMC4353501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is a highly familial disease and the most common known genetic cause is the repeat expansion mutation in the gene C9orf72. We have identified 2 brothers with an expansion mutation in C9orf72 using Southern blotting that is undetectable using repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing using high concentrations of DNA denaturants of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone obtained from one of the brothers identified a 10-base pair deletion adjacent to the expansion that presumably confers strong secondary structure that interferes with the genotyping. Using an alternative method, we have identified missed expansion carriers in our cohort, and this number has increased by approximately 25%. This observation has important implications for patients undergoing genetic testing for C9orf72.
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18
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Calvo AC, Manzano R, Mendonça DMF, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Osta R. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a focus on disease progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:925101. [PMID: 25157374 PMCID: PMC4137497 DOI: 10.1155/2014/925101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was discovered and described in 1869 as a neurodegenerative disease in which motor neuron death is induced, a wide range of biomarkers have been selected to identify therapeutic targets. ALS shares altered molecular pathways with other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases. However, the molecular targets that directly influence its aggressive nature remain unknown. What is the first link in the neurodegenerative chain of ALS that makes this disease so peculiar? In this review, we will discuss the progression of the disease from the viewpoint of the potential biomarkers described to date in human and animal model samples. Finally, we will consider potential therapeutic strategies for ALS treatment and future, innovative perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Calvo
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Deise M. F. Mendonça
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, Biosciences Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Vereador Olimpio Grande, s/n, Centro, 49500-000 Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - María J. Muñoz
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Cooper-Knock J, Shaw PJ, Kirby J. The widening spectrum of C9ORF72-related disease; genotype/phenotype correlations and potential modifiers of clinical phenotype. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:333-45. [PMID: 24493408 PMCID: PMC3925297 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD) and ALS–FTLD, as well as contributing to sporadic forms of these diseases. Screening of large cohorts of ALS and FTLD cohorts has identified that C9ORF72-ALS is represented throughout the clinical spectrum of ALS phenotypes, though in comparison with other genetic subtypes, C9ORF72 carriers have a higher incidence of bulbar onset disease. In contrast, C9ORF72-FTLD is predominantly associated with behavioural variant FTD, which often presents with psychosis, most commonly in the form of hallucinations and delusions. However, C9ORF72 expansions are not restricted to these clinical phenotypes. There is a higher than expected incidence of parkinsonism in ALS patients with C9ORF72 expansions, and the G4C2 repeat has also been reported in other motor phenotypes, such as primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, corticobasal syndrome and Huntington-like disorders. In addition, the expansion has been identified in non-motor phenotypes including Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia. It is not currently understood what is the basis of the clinical variation seen with the G4C2 repeat expansion. One potential explanation is repeat length. Sizing of the expansion by Southern blotting has established that there is somatic heterogeneity, with different expansion lengths in different tissues, even within the brain. To date, no correlation with expansion size and clinical phenotype has been established in ALS, whilst in FTLD only repeat size in the cerebellum was found to correlate with disease duration. Somatic heterogeneity suggests there is a degree of instability within the repeat and evidence of anticipation has been reported with reducing age of onset in subsequent generations. This variability/instability in expansion length, along with its interactions with environmental and genetic modifiers, such as TMEM106B, may be the basis of the differing clinical phenotypes arising from the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
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Woollacott IOC, Mead S. The C9ORF72 expansion mutation: gene structure, phenotypic and diagnostic issues. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:319-32. [PMID: 24515836 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in 2011 and the immediate realisation of a remarkably high prevalence in both familial and sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) triggered an explosion of interest in studies aiming to define the associated clinical and investigation phenotypes and attempts to develop technologies to measure more accurately the size of the repeat region. This article reviews progress in these areas over the subsequent 2 years, focussing on issues directly relevant to the practising physician. First, we summarise findings from studies regarding the global prevalence of the expansion, not only in FTLD and ALS cases, but also in other neurological diseases and its concurrence with other genetic mutations associated with FTLD and ALS. Second, we discuss the variability in normal repeat number in cases and controls and the theories regarding the relevance of intermediate and pathological repeat number for disease risk and clinical phenotype. Third, we discuss the usefulness of various features within the FTLD and ALS clinical phenotype in aiding differentiation between cases with and without the C9ORF72 expansion. Fourth, we review clinical investigations used to identify cases with the expansion, including neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid markers, and describe the mechanisms and limitations of the various diagnostic laboratory techniques used to quantify repeat number in cases and controls. Finally, we discuss the issues surrounding accurate clinical and technological diagnosis of patients with FTLD and/or ALS associated with the C9ORF72 expansion, and outline areas for future research that might aid better diagnosis and genetic counselling of patients with seemingly sporadic or familial FTLD or ALS and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ione O C Woollacott
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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