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Ashtiyani M, Moradi Birgani P, Soleimani M, Jameie SB, Shahrokhi A, Mirbagheri MM, Deevband MR. Corpus Callosum Functional Activities in Children with Cerebral Palsy. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:21-30. [PMID: 38357606 PMCID: PMC10862116 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2106-1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Since cerebral palsy (CP) is a corollary to brain damage, persistent treatment should accompany an alteration in brain functional activity in line with clinical improvements. In this regard, the corpus callosum (CC), as a connecting bridge between the two hemispheres, plays an essential role. Objective This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of occupational therapy (OT) on CC functional activity and walking capacity in children with cerebral palsy. Material and Methods In this clinical trial study, 4 children with CP (8.25±1.71 years) received 45 min OT sessions 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired while conducting passive motor tasks to quantify CC activation. The pre-post activation changes in CC following therapy were quantified in terms of activated voxels. Walking capacity was evaluated using the timed-up-and-go (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), and 10-meter walk test (10 MWT) in pre-and post-treatment. Results The number of activated voxels in CC indicated significant improvement in participants. Post-treatment activated voxels substantially exceeded pre-treatment active voxels. Clinical measures, including TUG, 6 MWT, and 10 MWT are improved by 11.9%, 12.6%, and 25.4%, respectively. Conclusion Passive task-based fMRI can detect the effects of OT on CC functional activity in children with CP. According to the results, OT improves CC functional activity in addition to gait and balance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Ashtiyani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parmida Moradi Birgani
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Basic Science, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amin Shahrokhi
- Department of Basic Science, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Deevband
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Perucca L, Scarano S, Russo G, Robecchi Majnardi A, Caronni A. Fatigue may improve equally after balance and endurance training in multiple sclerosis: a randomised, crossover clinical trial. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1274809. [PMID: 38385033 PMCID: PMC10880192 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1274809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatigue and poor balance are frequent and severe problems in multiple sclerosis (MS) that may interact. Endurance training is known to be effective on fatigue. This study aims to test if balance training is more effective against MS fatigue. Methods A randomised crossover trial was run, recruiting 31 MS people (21 women; median age: 46 years, range: 30-64; median EDSS: 4, range: 2.5-5). Participants received balance and endurance training alternately (15 one-to-one sessions, 5 days/week) and were assessed before (T0), after (T1), and 30 days after treatment ended (T2). The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) with scores linearised through Rasch analysis was the primary outcome (the lower the measure, the better the condition, i.e., the lower the fatigue symptoms). The Equiscale balance scale and posturography (EquiTest) were used to assess balance. Linear mixed-effects models with ANOVA were used for significance testing. Results Thirteen participants had no carryover effect and were included in the primary analysis. Fatigue significantly changed across the three time points (F2,58 = 16.0; p < 0.001), but no difference across treatments was found. Altogether, both treatments significantly improved the MFIS measure at T1 (95%CI: -1.24 logits; mean: -1.67 to -0.81 logits) and T2 (95%CI: -1.04; mean: -1.49 to -0.60) compared to T0 (95%CI: -0.51; mean: -0.95 to -0.08; p ≤ 0.001). Equiscale and posturography highlighted balance improvement after balance training but not after endurance training. Conclusion Balance and endurance training could similarly reduce fatigue in MS patients in the short term. However, only balance training also improved balance in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perucca
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Ospedale San Luca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Scarano
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Ospedale San Luca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Russo
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Ospedale San Luca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Robecchi Majnardi
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Ospedale San Luca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Caronni
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Ospedale San Luca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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3
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Le DT, Tsuyuhara M, Kuwamura H, Kitano K, Nguyen TD, Duc Nguyen T, Fujita N, Watanabe T, Nishijo H, Mihara M, Urakawa S. Regional activity and effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network during precision walking with visual cueing: an fNIRS study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11157-11169. [PMID: 37757479 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision walking (PW) incorporates precise step adjustments into regular walking patterns to navigate challenging surroundings. However, the brain processes involved in PW control, which encompass cortical regions and interregional interactions, are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the changes in regional activity and effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network associated with PW. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy data were recorded from adult subjects during treadmill walking tasks, including normal walking (NOR) and PW with visual cues, wherein the intercue distance was either fixed (FIX) or randomly varied (VAR) across steps. The superior parietal lobule (SPL), dorsal premotor area (PMd), supplementary motor area (SMA), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) were specifically targeted. The results revealed higher activities in SMA and left PMd, as well as left-to-right SPL connectivity, in VAR than in FIX. Activities in SMA and right dlPFC, along with dlPFC-to-SPL connectivity, were higher in VAR than in NOR. Overall, these findings provide insights into the roles of different brain regions and connectivity patterns within the frontoparietal network in facilitating gait control during PW, providing a useful baseline for further investigations into brain networks involved in locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Trung Le
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Vietnam Military Medical University, No. 261 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12108, Vietnam
| | - Masato Tsuyuhara
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuwamura
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kento Kitano
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Thu Dang Nguyen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Thuan Duc Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Vietnam Military Medical University, No. 261 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12108, Vietnam
| | - Naoto Fujita
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Watanabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, 58-1 Mase, Hamadate, Aomori-city, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of East Asia, 2-12-1 Ichinomiya Gakuen-cho, Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi 751-8503, Japan
| | - Masahito Mihara
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Bonanno L, Cannuli A, Pignolo L, Marino S, Quartarone A, Calabrò RS, Cerasa A. Neural Plasticity Changes Induced by Motor Robotic Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients: The Contribution of Functional Neuroimaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:990. [PMID: 37627875 PMCID: PMC10451271 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Robotic rehabilitation is one of the most advanced treatments helping people with stroke to faster recovery from motor deficits. The clinical impact of this type of treatment has been widely defined and established using clinical scales. The neurofunctional indicators of motor recovery following conventional rehabilitation treatments have already been identified by previous meta-analytic investigations. However, a clear definition of the neural correlates associated with robotic neurorehabilitation treatment has never been performed. This systematic review assesses the neurofunctional correlates (fMRI, fNIRS) of cutting-edge robotic therapies in enhancing motor recovery of stroke populations in accordance with PRISMA standards. A total of 7, of the initial yield of 150 articles, have been included in this review. Lessons from these studies suggest that neural plasticity within the ipsilateral primary motor cortex, the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, and the premotor cortices are more sensitive to compensation strategies reflecting upper and lower limbs' motor recovery despite the high heterogeneity in robotic devices, clinical status, and neuroimaging procedures. Unfortunately, the paucity of RCT studies prevents us from understanding the neurobiological differences induced by robotic devices with respect to traditional rehabilitation approaches. Despite this technology dating to the early 1990s, there is a need to translate more functional neuroimaging markers in clinical settings since they provide a unique opportunity to examine, in-depth, the brain plasticity changes induced by robotic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy; (L.B.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (A.Q.)
| | - Antonio Cannuli
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy; (L.B.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (A.Q.)
| | | | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy; (L.B.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (A.Q.)
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy; (L.B.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (A.Q.)
| | | | - Antonio Cerasa
- S’Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
- Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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5
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Agyeman K, McCarty T, Multani H, Mattingly K, Koziar K, Chu J, Liu C, Kokkoni E, Christopoulos V. Task-based functional neuroimaging in infants: a systematic review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1233990. [PMID: 37655006 PMCID: PMC10466897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1233990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infancy is characterized by rapid neurological transformations leading to consolidation of lifelong function capabilities. Studying the infant brain is crucial for understanding how these mechanisms develop during this sensitive period. We review the neuroimaging modalities used with infants in stimulus-induced activity paradigms specifically, for the unique opportunity the latter provide for assessment of brain function. Methods Conducted a systematic review of literature published between 1977-2021, via a comprehensive search of four major databases. Standardized appraisal tools and inclusion/exclusion criteria were set according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results Two-hundred and thirteen papers met the criteria of the review process. The results show clear evidence of overall cumulative growth in the number of infant functional neuroimaging studies, with electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to be the most utilized and fastest growing modalities with behaving infants. However, there is a high level of exclusion rates associated with technical limitations, leading to limited motor control studies (about 6 % ) in this population. Conclusion Although the use of functional neuroimaging modalities with infants increases, there are impediments to effective adoption of existing technologies with this population. Developing new imaging modalities and experimental designs to monitor brain activity in awake and behaving infants is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Agyeman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Tristan McCarty
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Harpreet Multani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kamryn Mattingly
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Koziar
- Orbach Science Library, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jason Chu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Liu
- USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elena Kokkoni
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Vassilios Christopoulos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Villa MC, Geminiani GC, Zettin M, Cicerale A, Ronga I, Duca S, Sacco K. Re-learning mental representation of walking after a brain lesion. Effects of a cognitive-motor training with a robotic orthosis. Front Neurorobot 2023; 17:1177201. [PMID: 37583648 PMCID: PMC10425221 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1177201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stroke-related deficits often include motor impairments and gait dysfunction, leading to a limitation of social activities and consequently affecting the quality of life of stroke survivors. Neurorehabilitation takes advantage of the contribution of different techniques in order to achieve more benefits for patients. Robotic devices help to improve the outcomes of physical rehabilitation. Moreover, motor imagery seems to play a role in neurological rehabilitation since it leads to the activation of the same brain areas as actual movements. This study investigates the use of a combined physical and cognitive protocol for gait rehabilitation in stroke patients. Methods Specifically, we tested the efficacy of a 5-week training program using a robotic orthosis (P.I.G.R.O.) in conjunction with motor imagery training. Twelve chronic stroke patients participated in the study. We evaluated balance and gait performance before and after the training. Six of them underwent fMRI examination before and after the training to assess the effects of the protocol on brain plasticity mechanisms in motor and imagery tasks. Results Our results show that the rehabilitation protocol can effectively improve gait performance and balance and reduce the risk of falls in stroke patients. Furthermore, the fMRI results suggest that rehabilitation is associated with cerebral plastic changes in motor networks. Discussion The present findings, if confirmed by future research, have the potential to advance the development of new, more effective rehabilitation approaches for stroke patients, improving their quality of life and reducing the burden of stroke-related disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Chiara Villa
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliano C. Geminiani
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Zettin
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Centro Puzzle-Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Damages, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cicerale
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Ronga
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Sacco
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
- Centro Puzzle-Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Damages, Turin, Italy
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
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7
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Hope JM, Field-Fote EC. Assessment of Dorsiflexion Ability across Tasks in Persons with Subacute SCI after Combined Locomotor Training and Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050528. [PMID: 37237598 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In people with spinal cord injury (SCI), transcutaneous spinal stimulation (TSS) has an immediate effect on the ability to dorsiflex the ankle, but persistent effects are not known. Furthermore, TSS has been associated with improved walking, increased volitional muscle activation, and decreased spasticity when combined with locomotor training (LT). In this study, the persistent impact of combined LT and TSS on dorsiflexion during the swing phase of walking and a volitional task in participants with SCI is determined. Ten participants with subacute motor-incomplete SCI received 2 weeks of LT alone (wash-in phase), followed by 2 weeks of either LT + TSS (TSS at 50 Hz) or LT + TSSSham (intervention phase). There was no persistent effect of TSS on dorsiflexion during walking and inconsistent effects on the volitional task. There was a strong positive correlation between the dorsiflexor ability for both tasks. There was a moderate effect of 4 weeks of LT on increased dorsiflexion during the task (d = 0.33) and walking (d = 0.34) and a small effect on spasticity (d = -0.2). Combined LT + TSS did not show persistent effects on dorsiflexion ability in people with SCI. Four weeks of locomotor training was associated with increased dorsiflexion across tasks. Improvements in walking observed with TSS may be due to factors other than improved ankle dorsiflexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Hope
- Hulse Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory, Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edelle C Field-Fote
- Hulse Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory, Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Program in Applied Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
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8
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Parikh V, Medley A, Chung YC, Goh HT. Optimal timing and neural loci: a scoping review on the effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on post-stroke gait and balance recovery. Top Stroke Rehabil 2023; 30:84-100. [PMID: 34859744 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2021.1990467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the optimal timing and neural loci for applying noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to promote gait and balance recovery after stroke. OBJECTIVE To identify the optimal timing and neural loci of NIBS for gait and balance recovery after stroke. METHODS We performed a PubMed search using keywords of stroke, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, NIBS, balance, and gait. Interventional trials with various designs published in English were selected. Both flowcharts and tables were used for the result presentation. RESULTS The majority of selected 31 studies included individuals with chronic stroke and primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation. Studies' quality ranged from 4 to 10 (max = 10) on the Pedro scale. NIBS led to improvements in gait and balance in individuals with chronic and subacute stroke, yet the evidence for the acute phase of stroke is limited. Further, stimulation over the ipsilesional M1 resulted in improvement in gait and balanced performance. Stimulation over non-motor regions such as the cerebellum has been limitedly explored. CONCLUSION Current evidence supports the use of NIBS to the M1 in conjunction with behavioral training to improve gait and balance performance in individuals with subacute and chronic stroke. Future research is recommended to evaluate the effect of NIBS during acute stroke and over neural loci other than M1, and to implement a more rigorous method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyoma Parikh
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ann Medley
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yu-Chen Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hui-Ting Goh
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas
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Hilderley AJ, Wright FV, Taylor MJ, Chen JL, Fehlings D. Functional Neuroplasticity and Motor Skill Change Following Gross Motor Interventions for Children With Diplegic Cerebral Palsy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2023; 37:16-26. [PMID: 36524254 PMCID: PMC9896542 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gross motor intervention designs for children with diplegic cerebral palsy (DCP) require an improved understanding of the children's potential for neuroplasticity. OBJECTIVE To identify relations between functional neuroplasticity and motor skill changes following gross motor interventions for children with DCP. METHODS There were 17 participants with DCP (ages 8-16 years; 6 females; Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I [n = 9] and II [n = 8]). Each completed a 6-week gross motor intervention program that was directed toward achievement of individualized motor/physical activity goals. Outcomes were assessed pre/post and 4 to 6 months post-intervention (follow-up). An active ankle dorsiflexion task was completed during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The ratio of motor cortical activation volume in each hemisphere was calculated using a laterality index. The Challenge was the primary gross motor skill measure. Change over time and relations among outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Challenge scores improved post-intervention (4.57% points [SD 4.45], P = .004) and were maintained at follow-up (0.75% [SD 6.57], P = 1.000). The laterality index for dominant ankle dorsiflexion increased (P = .033), while non-dominant change was variable (P = .534). Contralateral activation (laterality index ≥+0.75) was most common for both ankles. Challenge improvements correlated with increased ipsilateral activity (negative laterality index) during non-dominant dorsiflexion (r = -.56, P = .045). Smaller activation volume during non-dominant dorsiflexion predicted continued gross motor gains at follow-up (R2 = .30, P = .040). CONCLUSIONS Motor cortical activation during non-dominant ankle dorsiflexion is a modest indicator of the potential for gross motor skill change. Further investigation of patterns of neuroplastic change will improve our understanding of effects. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV REGISTRY NCT02584491 and NCT02754128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J. Hilderley
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland
Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F. Virginia Wright
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland
Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Physical Therapy,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margot J. Taylor
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for
Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Medical Imaging,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joyce L. Chen
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical
Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program,
Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Darcy Fehlings
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland
Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Darcy Fehlings, Holland Bloorview Kids
Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada.
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10
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Srivastava S, Seamon BA, Marebwa BK, Wilmskoetter J, Bowden MG, Gregory CM, Seo NJ, Hanlon CA, Bonilha L, Brown TR, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. The relationship between motor pathway damage and flexion-extension patterns of muscle co-excitation during walking. Front Neurol 2022; 13:968385. [PMID: 36388195 PMCID: PMC9650203 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.968385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mass flexion-extension co-excitation patterns during walking are often seen as a consequence of stroke, but there is limited understanding of the specific contributions of different descending motor pathways toward their control. The corticospinal tract is a major descending motor pathway influencing the production of normal sequential muscle coactivation patterns for skilled movements. However, control of walking is also influenced by non-corticospinal pathways such as the corticoreticulospinal pathway that possibly contribute toward mass flexion-extension co-excitation patterns during walking. The current study sought to investigate the associations between damage to corticospinal (CST) and corticoreticular (CRP) motor pathways following stroke and the presence of mass flexion-extension patterns during walking as evaluated using module analysis. Methods Seventeen healthy controls and 44 stroke survivors were included in the study. We used non-negative matrix factorization for module analysis of paretic leg electromyographic activity. We typically have observed four modules during walking in healthy individuals. Stroke survivors often have less independently timed modules, for example two-modules presented as mass flexion-extension pattern. We used diffusion tensor imaging-based analysis where streamlines connecting regions of interest between the cortex and brainstem were computed to evaluate CST and CRP integrity. We also used a coarse classification tree analysis to evaluate the relative CST and CRP contribution toward module control. Results Interhemispheric CST asymmetry was associated with worse lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score (p = 0.023), propulsion symmetry (p = 0.016), and fewer modules (p = 0.028). Interhemispheric CRP asymmetry was associated with worse lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score (p = 0.009), Dynamic gait index (p = 0.035), Six-minute walk test (p = 0.020), Berg balance scale (p = 0.048), self-selected walking speed (p = 0.041), and propulsion symmetry (p = 0.001). The classification tree model reveled that substantial ipsilesional CRP or CST damage leads to a two-module pattern and poor walking ability with a trend toward increased compensatory contralesional CRP based control. Conclusion Both CST and CRP are involved with control of modules during walking and damage to both may lead to greater reliance on the contralesional CRP, which may contribute to a two-module pattern and be associated with worse walking performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Srivastava
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Shraddha Srivastava
| | - Bryant A. Seamon
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Barbara K. Marebwa
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Janina Wilmskoetter
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark G. Bowden
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chris M. Gregory
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Na Jin Seo
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Division of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Colleen A. Hanlon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Truman R. Brown
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Richard R. Neptune
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Steven A. Kautz
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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11
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Khademi F, Naros G, Nicksirat A, Kraus D, Gharabaghi A. Rewiring Cortico-Muscular Control in the Healthy and Poststroke Human Brain with Proprioceptive β-Band Neurofeedback. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6861-6877. [PMID: 35940874 PMCID: PMC9463986 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1530-20.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In severely affected stroke survivors, cortico-muscular control is disturbed and volitional upper limb movements often absent. Mental rehearsal of the impaired movement in conjunction with sensory feedback provision are suggested as promising rehabilitation exercises. Knowledge about the underlying neural processes, however, remains vague. In male and female chronic stroke patients with hand paralysis, a brain-computer interface controlled a robotic orthosis and turned sensorimotor β-band desynchronization during motor imagery (MI) of finger extension into contingent hand opening. Healthy control subjects performed the same task and received the same proprioceptive feedback with a robotic orthosis or visual feedback only. Only when proprioceptive feedback was provided, cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) increased with a predominant information flow from the sensorimotor cortex to the finger extensors. This effect (1) was specific to the β frequency band, (2) transferred to a motor task (MT), (3) was proportional to subsequent corticospinal excitability (CSE) and correlated with behavioral changes in the (4) healthy and (5) poststroke condition; notably, MI-related enhancement of β-band CMC in the ipsilesional premotor cortex correlated with motor improvements after the intervention. In the healthy and injured human nervous system, synchronized activation of motor-related cortical and spinal neural pools facilitates, in accordance with the communication-through-coherence hypothesis, cortico-spinal communication and may, thereby, be therapeutically relevant for functional restoration after stroke, when voluntary movements are no longer possible.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides insights into the neural processes that transfer effects of brain-computer interface neurofeedback to subsequent motor behavior. Specifically, volitional control of cortical oscillations and proprioceptive feedback enhances both cortical activity and behaviorally relevant connectivity to the periphery in a topographically circumscribed and frequency-specific way. This enhanced cortico-muscular control can be induced in the healthy and poststroke brain. Thereby, activating the motor cortex with mental rehearsal of the impaired movement and closing the loop by robot-assisted feedback synchronizes ipsilesional premotor cortex and spinal neural pools in the β frequency band. This facilitates, in accordance with the communication-through-coherence hypothesis, cortico-spinal communication and may, thereby, be therapeutically relevant for functional restoration after stroke, when voluntary movements are no longer possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khademi
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Georgios Naros
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ali Nicksirat
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dominic Kraus
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alireza Gharabaghi
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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12
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Cathomen A, Meier F, Lerch I, Killeen T, Zörner B, Curt A, Bolliger M. Corticospinal control of a challenging ankle task in incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 40:952-964. [PMID: 36029211 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI), the control of lower extremity movements may be affected by impairments in descending corticospinal tract function. Previous iSCI studies demonstrated relatively well-preserved movement control during simple alternating dorsi- and plantarflexions albeit with severely reduced motor strength and range of motion. However, this task required comparably limited fine motor control, impeding the sensitivity to assess the modulatory capacity of corticospinal control. Therefore, we introduced a more challenging ankle motor task requiring complex and dynamic feedback-based movement adjustments to modulate corticospinal drive. Nineteen individuals with iSCI and 22 control subjects performed two different ankle movement tasks: i) a regular, auditory-guided ankle movement task at a constant frequency as baseline assessment, and ii) an irregular, visually-guided ankle movement task following a predefined trajectory as a more challenging motor task. Both tasks were performed separately and in a randomised order. Electromyography (EMG) and kinematic data were recorded. EMG frequency characteristics were investigated using wavelet transformations. Control participants exhibited a shift of relative EMG intensity from higher (>100Hz) to lower frequencies (20-60Hz) comparing the regular with the irregular movement task. There is evidence that EMG activity within these lower frequencies comprise information on corticospinal drive. The EMG frequency shift was less pronounced for the less impaired leg and absent for the more impaired leg of individuals with iSCI. The precision error during the irregular task was significantly higher for individuals with iSCI (more impaired leg: 12.34±11.14%; less impaired leg: 6.93±2.74%) compared to control participants (4.10±0.84%). These results, along with the walking performance, correlated well with the delta frequency shift between the regular and irregular movement task in the 38Hz band (corticospinal drive frequency) in the iSCI group, suggesting that task performance is related to the capacity to modulate corticospinal control. The irregular movement task holds promise as a tool for revealing further insights into corticospinal control of single-joint movements. It may serve as a surrogate marker for the assessment of modulatory capacity and the integrity of corticospinal control in individuals with iSCI early after injury and throughout rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Cathomen
- Balgrist University Hospital, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Franziska Meier
- Balgrist University Hospital, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Irina Lerch
- Balgrist University Hospital, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Tim Killeen
- Balgrist University Hospital, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Björn Zörner
- Balgrist University Hospital, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Armin Curt
- Balgrist University Hospital, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Marc Bolliger
- Balgrist University Hospital, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
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13
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Liang J, Song Y, Belkacem AN, Li F, Liu S, Chen X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wan C. Prediction of balance function for stroke based on EEG and fNIRS features during ankle dorsiflexion. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:968928. [PMID: 36061607 PMCID: PMC9433808 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.968928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance rehabilitation is exceedingly crucial during stroke rehabilitation and is highly related to the stroke patients’ secondary injuries (caused by falling). Stroke patients focus on walking ability rehabilitation during the early stage. Ankle dorsiflexion can activate the brain areas of stroke patients, similar to walking. The combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was a new method, providing more beneficial information. We extracted the event-related desynchronization (ERD), oxygenated hemoglobin (HBO), and Phase Synchronization Index (PSI) features during ankle dorsiflexion from EEG and fNIRS. Moreover, we established a linear regression model to predict Berg Balance Scale (BBS) values and used an eightfold cross validation to test the model. The results showed that ERD, HBO, PSI, and age were critical biomarkers in predicting BBS. ERD and HBO during ankle dorsiflexion and age were promising biomarkers for stroke motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Neural Engineering and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem
- Department of Computer and Network Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem,
| | - Fengmin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueyun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Wan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Chunxiao Wan,
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14
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Romanato M, Spolaor F, Beretta C, Fichera F, Bertoldo A, Volpe D, Sawacha Z. Quantitative assessment of training effects using EksoGT® exoskeleton in Parkinson's disease patients: A randomized single blind clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 28:100926. [PMID: 35664504 PMCID: PMC9156880 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Romanato
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F. Spolaor
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - C. Beretta
- Fresco Parkinson Center, Villa Margherita, S. Stefano, Vicenza, Italy
| | - F. Fichera
- Fresco Parkinson Center, Villa Margherita, S. Stefano, Vicenza, Italy
| | - A. Bertoldo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - D. Volpe
- Fresco Parkinson Center, Villa Margherita, S. Stefano, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Z. Sawacha
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Corresponding author. Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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15
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Kim SC, Cho SH. Effects of H-Reflex Onset Latency on Gait in Elderly and Hemiplegic Individuals. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58060716. [PMID: 35743979 PMCID: PMC9228972 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Hoffmann’s reflex (H-reflex) is important in electrodiagnostic testing because it improves sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing radiculopathies. Although quantitative electromyography (EMG) measurements for H-reflex amplitudes during the gait cycle have been performed in both hemiplegic and healthy individuals, research on the H-wave latency in these individuals during the gait cycle is lacking. Materials and Methods: The H-reflex latency of the soleus muscle was investigated in hemiplegic stroke patients and healthy elderly persons in this observational analytical study. Two groups of individuals participated in this study: healthy adults (n = 25) and stroke patients with hemiplegia (n = 25) were compared. An MP150 with Ag-Ag/Cl electrodes was utilized to record and analyse electromyography measurements. All individuals could walk independently indoors. Stimuli were administered to elicit the H-reflex in the four gait phases as the participant walked. Results: Stroke patients had a significantly shorter latency than did healthy patients in the mid-swing, mid-stance, and toe-off phases of the gait cycle; heel-strike latency did not significantly differ. Conclusions: These results can be used as diagnostic data to help account for patient characteristics or measure the recovery extent for treatment planning and gait training in hemiplegic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Chil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hyoun Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University, 23 Cheomdanjungang-ro, Gwangju 62271, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-3060-1330
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16
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Jaatela J, Aydogan DB, Nurmi T, Vallinoja J, Piitulainen H. Identification of Proprioceptive Thalamocortical Tracts in Children: Comparison of fMRI, MEG, and Manual Seeding of Probabilistic Tractography. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3736-3751. [PMID: 35040948 PMCID: PMC9433422 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying white matter connections with tractography is a promising approach to understand the development of different brain processes, such as proprioception. An emerging method is to use functional brain imaging to select the cortical seed points for tractography, which is considered to improve the functional relevance and validity of the studied connections. However, it is unknown whether different functional seeding methods affect the spatial and microstructural properties of the given white matter connection. Here, we compared functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, and manual seeding of thalamocortical proprioceptive tracts for finger and ankle joints separately. We showed that all three seeding approaches resulted in robust thalamocortical tracts, even though there were significant differences in localization of the respective proprioceptive seed areas in the sensorimotor cortex, and in the microstructural properties of the obtained tracts. Our study shows that the selected functional or manual seeding approach might cause systematic biases to the studied thalamocortical tracts. This result may indicate that the obtained tracts represent different portions and features of the somatosensory system. Our findings highlight the challenges of studying proprioception in the developing brain and illustrate the need for using multimodal imaging to obtain a comprehensive view of the studied brain process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaatela
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo FI-02150, Finland
| | - Dogu Baran Aydogan
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo FI-02150, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00029, Finland
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Timo Nurmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo FI-02150, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Vallinoja
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo FI-02150, Finland
| | - Harri Piitulainen
- Address correspondence to Harri Piitulainen, associate professor, Harri Piitulainen, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland.
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Amilibia MZ, Cortes C, Simonetti AB, Satrustegi A, Iturburu M, Reina I, Finez J, Alonso-Arce M, Callejo P. Preliminary evaluation of an objective assessment approach from session data in exoskeleton-assisted gait rehabilitation after SCI. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:6019-6024. [PMID: 34892489 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exoskeleton-assisted gait rehabilitation is a promising complement to traditional motion rehabilitation programs for afflictions such as stroke or spinal cord injury. However, some challenges persist that hinder the translation of this approach to the clinical practice. One of these aspects is the objective assessment of patients' progress from information collected during exoskeleton-assisted therapy sessions with minimal hardware setup. In order to carry out an objective assessment with the data collected during the sessions, in this work: (1) we implement and compute a set of metrics (Harmonic Ratio, Joint Trajectory Correlation, and Intralimb Coordination) from data provided by the exoskeleton and two inertial motion units (IMUs) while subjects walked during their rehabilitation sessions, (2) we evaluate the capacity of the metrics to discriminate between the different patients' physical conditions, and (3) assess the correspondence of the patient evaluations using the mentioned metrics and traditional clinical scores. Our results show that Intralimb Coordination has the greatest capacity to discriminate between different physical states of the patients and presents the best correlation with their clinical assessment.Clinical relevance- This work could guide clinicians and researchers to formulate a more objective assessment of progress of patients who have experienced a spinal cord in- jury using data collected during exoskeleton-assisted therapy sessions.
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Mehta RK, Rhee J. Revealing Sex Differences During Upper and Lower Extremity Neuromuscular Fatigue in Older Adults Through a Neuroergonomics Approach. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2021; 2:663368. [PMID: 38235250 PMCID: PMC10790897 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.663368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background: Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigue is well-documented, however the underlying mechanisms remain understudied, particularly for the aging population. Objective: This study investigated sex differences in fatigability of the upper and lower extremity of older adults using a neuroergonomics approach. Methods: Thirty community-dwelling older adults (65 years or older; 15 M, 15 F) performed intermittent submaximal fatiguing handgrip and knee extension exercises until voluntary exhaustion on separate days. Muscle activity from prime muscles of the hand/arm and knee extensors were monitored using electromyography, neural activity from the frontal, motor, and sensory areas were monitored using functional near infrared spectroscopy, and force output were obtained. Results: While older males were stronger than females across both muscle groups, they exhibited longer endurance times and greater strength loss during knee extension exercises. These lower extremity findings were associated with greater force complexity over time and concomitant increase in left motor and right sensory motor regions. While fatigability during handgrip exercises was comparable across sexes, older females exhibited concurrent increases in the activation of the ipsilateral motor regions over time. Discussion: We identified differences in the underlying central neural strategies adopted by males and females in maintaining downstream motor outputs during handgrip fatigue that were not evident with traditional ergonomics measures. Additionally, enhanced neural activation in males during knee exercises that accompanied longer time to exhaustion point to potential rehabilitation/exercise strategies to improve neuromotor outcomes in more fatigable older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana K. Mehta
- Wm. Michael Barnes '64 Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joohyun Rhee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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19
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Greeley B, Hanada G, Boyd LA, Peters S. The Time for Translation of Mobile Brain and Body Imaging to People With Stroke Is Now. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6131762. [PMID: 33561281 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lara A Boyd
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sue Peters
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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20
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Coelho TS, Bitencourt ACS, Bazan R, de Souza LAPS, Luvizutto GJ. Hip abduction with ankle dorsiflexion (HAAD) score and trunk seating control within 72 h after stroke predicts long-term disability: A cohort study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 27:710-716. [PMID: 34391311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle strength of the lower limb and trunk during the acute phase after stroke are predictors of motor function and disability 90 days after hospital discharge. METHODS This prospective study used a nonconcurrent design to evaluate stroke patients at two time points: a) first 72 h: hip abduction and ankle dorsiflexion (HAAD) score, trunk sitting control, clinical evaluation, demographic profile, and stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS); b) 90 days after hospital discharge: modified Rankin scale (mRS). The participants were divided into two groups: good outcome (mRS 0-2) and worse outcome (mRS>2), and the differences between them were assessed statistically. Clinical and demographic variables were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis. The ROC curve was used to illustrate the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the HAAD score cutoff for the outcomes. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were included: 16 with mRS≤2 and 21 with mRS>2. Patients in the worse outcome group were older (p = 0.02) and presented with higher NIHSS scores (p = 0.002), lower HAAD scores (p < 0.001), higher pain sensation (p = 0.04), greater altered perception (p = 0.008), and no trunk control in the sitting position (p = 0.004). A lower HAAD score (OR = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.14-0.53; p < 0.001) and the absence of trunk control in the sitting position (OR = 0.55; 95%CI:0.54-0.95; p < 0.001) were associated with unsatisfactory outcomes. CONCLUSION A HAAD score <6 and the absence of trunk control while sitting during the first 72 h are predictors of worse long-term disability in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Botucatu Medical School (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Effect of Traditional plus Virtual Reality Rehabilitation on Prognosis of Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 101:217-228. [PMID: 33929347 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Virtual reality (VR) technology has begun to be gradually applied to clinical stroke rehabilitation. The study aims to evaluate the effect of traditional plus VR rehabilitation on motor function recovery, balance, and activities of daily living in stroke patients. METHOD Studies published in English prior to October 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. and used RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis. RESULT A total of 21 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, which enrolled 619 patients. Traditional plus VR rehabilitation is better than traditional rehabilitation in upper limb motor function recovery measured by Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (mean difference [MD] 3.49; 95% CI [1.24, 5.73]; P=.002) and manual dexterity assessed by Box & Block Test (MD 6.59; 95% CI [3.45, 9.74]; P<.0001); However, there is no significant difference from traditional rehabilitation in activities of daily living assessed by Functional Independence Measure (MD 0.38; 95% CI [-0.26, 1.02]; P=.25) and balance assessed by Berg Balance Scale (MD 2.18; 95% CI [-0.35, 4.71]; P=.09). CONCLUSION Traditional plus VR rehabilitation therapy is an effective method to improve the upper limb motor function and manual dexterity of patients with limb disorders after stroke, and immersive VR rehabilitation treatment may become a new option for rehabilitation after stroke.
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Smart Protocols for Physical Therapy of Foot Drop Based on Functional Electrical Stimulation: A Case Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050502. [PMID: 33925814 PMCID: PMC8146368 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used for treating foot drop by delivering electrical pulses to the anterior tibialis muscle during the swing phase of gait. This treatment requires that a patient can walk, which is mostly possible in the later phases of rehabilitation. In the early phase of recovery, the therapy conventionally consists of stretching exercises, and less commonly of FES delivered cyclically. Nevertheless, both approaches minimize patient engagement, which is inconsistent with recent findings that the full rehabilitation potential could be achieved by an active psycho-physical engagement of the patient during physical therapy. Following this notion, we proposed smart protocols whereby the patient sits and ankle movements are FES-induced by self-control. In six smart protocols, movements of the paretic ankle were governed by the non-paretic ankle with different control strategies, while in the seventh voluntary movements of the paretic ankle were used for stimulation triggering. One stroke survivor in the acute phase of recovery participated in the study. During the therapy, the patient’s voluntary ankle range of motion increased and reached the value of normal gait after 15 sessions. Statistical analysis did not reveal the differences between the protocols in FES-induced movements.
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Prediction of ambulatory outcome in patients with corona radiata infarction using deep learning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7989. [PMID: 33846472 PMCID: PMC8041824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) is an advanced machine learning approach used in diverse areas such as bioinformatics, image analysis, and natural language processing. Here, using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data obtained at early stages of infarcts, we attempted to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the ambulatory outcome of corona radiata infarction at six months after onset. We retrospectively recruited 221 patients with corona radiata infarcts. A favorable outcome of ambulatory function was defined as a functional ambulation category (FAC) score of ≥ 4 (able to walk without a guardian's assistance), and a poor outcome of ambulatory function was defined as an FAC score of < 4. We used a CNN algorithm. Of the included subjects, 69.7% (n = 154) were assigned randomly to the training set and the remaining 30.3% (n = 67) were assigned to the validation set to measure the model performance. The area under the curve was 0.751 (95% CI 0.649-0.852) for the prediction of ambulatory function with the validation dataset using the CNN model. We demonstrated that a CNN model trained using brain MRIs captured at an early stage after corona radiata infarction could be helpful in predicting long-term ambulatory outcomes.
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Integrated 3D motion analysis with functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging to identify neural correlates of lower extremity movement. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 355:109108. [PMID: 33705853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the neural drivers of aberrant motor control, methods are needed to identify whole brain neural correlates of isolated joints during multi-joint lower-extremity coordinated movements. This investigation aimed to identify the neural correlates of knee kinematics during a unilateral leg press task. NEW METHOD The current study utilized an MRI-compatible motion capture system in conjunction with a lower extremity unilateral leg press task during fMRI. Knee joint kinematics and brain activity were collected concurrently and averaged range of motion were modeled as covariates to determine the neural substrates of knee out-of-plane (frontal) and in-plane (sagittal) range of motion. RESULTS Increased out-of-plane (frontal) range of motion was associated with altered brain activity in regions important for attention, sensorimotor control, and sensorimotor integration (z >3.1, p < .05), but no such correlates were found with in-plane (sagittal) range of motion (z >3.1, p > .05). Comparison with Existing Method(s): Previous studies have either presented overall brain activation only, or utilized biomechanical data collected outside MRI in a standard biomechanics lab for identifying single-joint neural correlates. CONCLUSIONS The study shows promise for the MRI-compatible system to capture lower-extremity biomechanical data collected concurrently during fMRI, and the present data identified potentially unique neural drivers of aberrant biomechanics. Future research can adopt these methods for patient populations with CNS-related movement disorders to identify single-joint kinematic neural correlates that may adjunctively supplement brain-body therapeutic approaches.
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Saunders E, Clark BC, Clark LA, Grooms DR. Development of a trunk motor paradigm for use in neuroimaging. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:193-200. [PMID: 33335758 PMCID: PMC7712160 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify head motion between isometric erector spinae (ES) contraction strategies, paradigms, and intensities in the development of a neuroimaging protocol for the study of neural activity associated with trunk motor control in individuals with low back pain. Ten healthy participants completed two contraction strategies; (1) a supine upper spine (US) press and (2) a supine lower extremity (LE) press. Each contraction strategy was performed at electromyographic (EMG) contraction intensities of 30, 40, 50, and 60% of an individually determined maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) (±10% range for each respective intensity) with real-time, EMG biofeedback. A cyclic contraction paradigm was performed at 30% of MVC with US and LE contraction strategies. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) quantified head motion to determine the viability of each paradigm for neuroimaging. US vs LE hold contractions induced no differences in head motion. Hold contractions elicited significantly less head motion relative to cyclic contractions. Contraction intensity increased head motion in a linear fashion with 30% MVC having the least head motion and 60% the highest. The LE hold contraction strategy, below 50% MVC, was found to be the most viable trunk motor control neuroimaging paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Saunders
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, United States of America.,Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine Centers, New London, CT, 06320, United States of America
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, United States of America
| | - Leatha A Clark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, United States of America.,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, United States of America.,Department of Family Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, United States of America
| | - Dustin R Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, United States of America.,Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, United States of America
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Boyne P, Doren S, Scholl V, Staggs E, Whitesel D, Maloney T, Awosika O, Kissela B, Dunning K, Vannest J. Functional magnetic resonance brain imaging of imagined walking to study locomotor function after stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 132:167-177. [PMID: 33291023 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imagined walking has yielded insights into normal locomotor control and could improve understanding of neurologic gait dysfunction. This study evaluated brain activation during imagined walking in chronic stroke. METHODS Ten persons with stroke and 10 matched controls completed a walking test battery and a magnetic resonance imaging session including imagined walking and knee extension tasks. Brain activations were compared between tasks and groups. Associations between activations and composite gait score were also calculated, while controlling for lesion load. RESULTS Stroke and worse gait score were each associated with lesser overall brain activation during knee extension but greater overall activation during imagined walking. During imagined walking, the stroke group significantly activated the primary motor cortex lower limb region and cerebellar locomotor region. Better walking function was associated with less activation of these regions and greater activation of medial superior frontal gyrus area 9. CONCLUSIONS Compared with knee extension, imagined walking was less sensitive to stroke-related deficits in brain activation but better at revealing compensatory changes, some of which could be maladaptive. SIGNIFICANCE The identified associations for imagined walking suggest potential neural mechanisms of locomotor adaptation after stroke, which could be useful for future intervention development and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Boyne
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Sarah Doren
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Victoria Scholl
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily Staggs
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dustyn Whitesel
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Maloney
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Oluwole Awosika
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brett Kissela
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kari Dunning
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Zapparoli L, Seghezzi S, Sacheli LM, Verga C, Banfi G, Paulesu E. Eyes wide shut: How visual cues affect brain patterns of simulated gait. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4248-4263. [PMID: 32639101 PMCID: PMC7502842 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, motor imagery (MI) has been extensively used to train motor abilities in sport and in rehabilitation. However, MI procedures are not all alike as much as their potential beneficiaries. Here we assessed whether the addition of visual cues could make MI performance more comparable with explicit motor performance in gait tasks. With fMRI we also explored the neural correlates of these experimental manipulations. We did this in elderly subjects who are known to rely less on kinesthetic information while favoring visual strategies during motor performance. Contrary to expectations, we found that the temporal coupling between execution and imagery times, an index of the quality of MI, was less precise when participants were allowed to visually explore the environment. While the brain activation patterns of the gait motor circuits were very similar in both an open‐eyed and eye‐shut virtual walking MI task, these differed for a vast temporo‐occipito‐parietal additional activation for open‐eyed MI. Crucially, the higher was the activity in this posterior network, the less accurate was the MI performance with eyes open at a clinical test of gait. We conclude that both visually‐cued and internally‐cued MI are associated with the neurofunctional activation of a gait specific motor system. The less precise behavioral coupling between imagined and executed gait while keeping eyes open may be attributed to the processing load implied in visual monitoring and scanning of the environment. The implications of these observations for rehabilitation of gait with MI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zapparoli
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,fMRI Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Seghezzi
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,PhD Program in Neuroscience of School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,fMRI Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Verga
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- fMRI Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, San Raffaele Vita e Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,fMRI Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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28
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Lee DH, Chang WN, Jeon HJ. Comparison of ground reaction force during gait between the nonparetic side in hemiparetic patients and the dominant side in healthy subjects. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:344-350. [PMID: 32913839 PMCID: PMC7463072 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040488.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the occurrence of gait impairment following stroke, walk-ing recovery is an important goal of rehabilitation. Ground reaction force (GRF) is used for gait assessment of rehabilitation progress during exercise in stroke patients. The aim of this study was to compare the GRF during gait of the nonparetic side in hemiparetic patients and the dominant side in healthy subjects. Twenty hemiparetic patients and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Force plate was used to evaluate GRF during gait. Additionally, with the patients and subjects in supine position, we measured their range of motion (ROM) in ankle dor-siflexion using a digital goniometer. The force values of stance phase on the nonparetic side of hemiparetic patients were significantly less than on the dominant side of healthy subjects (P<0.05). The impulse values of stance phase on the paretic side and the nonparetic side of hemiparetic patients were significantly greater than on the dominant side of healthy subjects (P<0.05). The ankle ROM result was signifi-cantly correlated with the GRF values (P<0.05). It is important to assess and understand the nonparetic side as well as paretic side. These re-sults suggest that the analysis of GRF for exercise rehabilitation will be a valuable clinical evaluation in hemiparetic patients after a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, U1 University, Yeongdong, Korea
| | - Woo-Nam Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yongin University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hye-Joo Jeon
- Department of Physical Therapy, U1 University, Yeongdong, Korea
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29
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Spedden ME, Beck MM, Christensen MS, Dietz MJ, Karabanov AN, Geertsen SS, Nielsen JB, Lundbye-Jensen J. Directed connectivity between primary and premotor areas underlying ankle force control in young and older adults. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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30
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Melo MC, Macedo DR, Soares AB. Divergent Findings in Brain Reorganization After Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:410-427. [PMID: 32418286 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a general lack of sensory and motor functions below the level of injury and may promote deafferentation-induced brain reorganization. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been established as an essential tool in neuroscience research and can precisely map the spatiotemporal distribution of brain activity. Task-based fMRI experiments associated with the tongue, upper limbs, or lower limbs have been used as the primary paradigms to study brain reorganization following SCI. A review of the current literature on the subject shows one common trait: while most articles agree that brain networks are usually preserved after SCI, and that is not the case as some articles describe possible alterations in brain activation after the lesion. There is no consensus if those alterations indeed occur. In articles that show alterations, there is no agreement if they are transient or permanent. Besides, there is no consensus on which areas are most prone to activation changes, or on the intensity and direction (increase vs. decrease) of those possible changes. In this article, we present a critical review of the literature and trace possible reasons for those contradictory findings on brain reorganization following SCI. fMRI studies based on the ankle dorsiflexion, upper-limb, and tongue paradigms are used as case studies for the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cardoso Melo
- Biomedical Engineering Lab, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dhainner Rocha Macedo
- Biomedical Engineering Lab, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alcimar Barbosa Soares
- Biomedical Engineering Lab, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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31
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Hope JM, Koter RZ, Estes SP, Field-Fote EC. Disrupted Ankle Control and Spasticity in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: The Association Between Neurophysiologic Measures and Function. A Scoping Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:166. [PMID: 32218765 PMCID: PMC7078326 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of muscles about the ankle joint is an important component of locomotion and balance that is negatively impacted by spinal cord injury (SCI). Volitional control of the ankle dorsiflexors (DF) is impaired by damage to pathways descending from supraspinal centers. Concurrently, spasticity arising from disrupted organization of spinal reflex circuits, further erodes control. The association between neurophysiological changes (corticospinal and spinal) with volitional ankle control (VAC) and spasticity remains unclear. The goal of this scoping review was to synthesize what is known about how changes in corticospinal transmission and spinal reflex excitability contribute to disrupted ankle control after SCI. We followed published guidelines for conducting a scoping review, appraising studies that contained a measure of corticospinal transmission and/or spinal reflex excitability paired with a measure of VAC and/or spasticity. We examined studies for evidence of a relationship between neurophysiological measures (either corticospinal tract transmission or spinal reflex excitability) with VAC and/or spasticity. Of 1,538 records identified, 17 studies were included in the review. Ten of 17 studies investigated spinal reflex excitability, while 7/17 assessed corticospinal tract transmission. Four of the 10 spinal reflex studies examined VAC, while 9/10 examined ankle spasticity. The corticospinal tract transmission studies examined only VAC. While current evidence suggests there is a relationship between neurophysiological measures and ankle function after SCI, more studies are needed. Understanding the relationship between neurophysiology and ankle function is important for advancing therapeutic outcomes after SCI. Future studies to capture an array of corticospinal, spinal, and functional measures are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Hope
- Shepherd Center, Crawford Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ryan Z Koter
- Shepherd Center, Crawford Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stephen P Estes
- Shepherd Center, Crawford Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Edelle C Field-Fote
- Shepherd Center, Crawford Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Program in Applied Physiology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Sacheli LM, Zapparoli L, Bonandrini R, Preti M, Pelosi C, Sconfienza LM, Banfi G, Paulesu E. How aging affects the premotor control of lower limb movements in simulated gait. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1889-1903. [PMID: 31922648 PMCID: PMC7267909 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait control becomes more demanding in healthy older adults, yet what cognitive or motor process leads to this age-related change is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether it might depend on specific decay in the quality of gait motor representation and/or a more general reduction in the efficiency of lower limb motor control. Younger and older healthy participants performed in fMRI a virtual walking paradigm that combines motor imagery (MI) of walking and standing on the spot with the presence (Dynamic Motor Imagery condition, DMI) or absence (pure MI condition) of overtly executed ankle dorsiflexion. Gait imagery was aided by the concomitant observation of moving videos simulating a stroll in the park from a first-person perspective. Behaviorally, older participants showed no sign of evident depletion in the quality of gait motor representations, and absence of between-group differences in the neural correlates of MI. However, while younger participants showed increased frontoparietal activity during DMI, older participants displayed stronger activation of premotor areas when controlling the pure execution of ankle dorsiflexion, regardless of the imagery task. These data suggest that reduced automaticity of lower limb motor control in healthy older subjects leads to the recruitment of additional premotor resources even in the absence of basic gait functional disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Zapparoli
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Bonandrini
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Preti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Catia Pelosi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Sconfienza
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Device for Measuring Dynamic Weight-Bearing Ankle Dorsiflexion. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20020399. [PMID: 31936756 PMCID: PMC7014375 DOI: 10.3390/s20020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in ankle dorsiflexion causes changes in biomechanics, and different instruments have been used for ankle dorsiflexion testing under static conditions. Consequently, the industry of inertial sensors has developed easy-to-use devices, which measure dynamic ankle dorsiflexion and provide additional parameters such as velocity, acceleration, or movement deviation. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of an inertial device for measuring dynamic weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion. Sixteen participants were tested using an inertial device (WIMU) and a digital inclinometer. Ankle dorsiflexion from left and right ankle repetitions was used for validity analysis, whereas test-retest reliability was analyzed by comparing measurements from the first and second days. The standard error of the measurement (SEM) between the instruments was very low for both ankle measurements (SEM < 0.6°). No significant differences between instruments were found for the left ankle measurement (p > 0.05) even though a significant systematic bias (~1.77°) was found for the right ankle (d = 0.79). R2 was very close to 1 in the left and right ankles (R2 = 0.85–0.89) as well as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC > 0.95). Test-retest reliability analysis showed that systematic bias was below 1° for both instruments, even though a systematic bias (~1.50°) with small effect size was found in the right ankle (d = 0.49) with WIMU. The ICC was very close to 1 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was lower than 4% in both instruments. Thus, WIMU is a valid and reliable inertial device for measuring dynamic weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion.
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Brain activity during lower limb movements in Parkinson’s disease patients with and without freezing of gait. J Neurol 2020; 267:1116-1126. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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35
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Bao SC, Leung WC, K Cheung VC, Zhou P, Tong KY. Pathway-specific modulatory effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation during pedaling in chronic stroke survivors. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:143. [PMID: 31744520 PMCID: PMC6862792 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is extensively used in stroke motor rehabilitation. How it promotes motor recovery remains only partially understood. NMES could change muscular properties, produce altered sensory inputs, and modulate fluctuations of cortical activities; but the potential contribution from cortico-muscular couplings during NMES synchronized with dynamic movement has rarely been discussed. Method We investigated cortico-muscular interactions during passive, active, and NMES rhythmic pedaling in healthy subjects and chronic stroke survivors. EEG (128 channels), EMG (4 unilateral lower limb muscles) and movement parameters were measured during 3 sessions of constant-speed pedaling. Sensory-level NMES (20 mA) was applied to the muscles, and cyclic stimulation patterns were synchronized with the EMG during pedaling cycles. Adaptive mixture independent component analysis was utilized to determine the movement-related electro-cortical sources and the source dipole clusters. A directed cortico-muscular coupling analysis was conducted between representative source clusters and the EMGs using generalized partial directed coherence (GPDC). The bidirectional GPDC was compared across muscles and pedaling sessions for post-stroke and healthy subjects. Results Directed cortico-muscular coupling of NMES cycling was more similar to that of active pedaling than to that of passive pedaling for the tested muscles. For healthy subjects, sensory-level NMES could modulate GPDC of both ascending and descending pathways. Whereas for stroke survivors, NMES could modulate GPDC of only the ascending pathways. Conclusions By clarifying how NMES influences neuromuscular control during pedaling in healthy and post-stroke subjects, our results indicate the potential limitation of sensory-level NMES in promoting sensorimotor recovery in chronic stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chun Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Cheong Leung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent C K Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, and The Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.,TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Center, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Kai-Yu Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Peters S, Eng JJ, Liu-Ambrose T, Borich MR, Dao E, Amanian A, Boyd LA. Brain activity associated with Dual-task performance of Ankle motor control during cognitive challenge. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01349. [PMID: 31265216 PMCID: PMC6710191 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skilled Ankle motor control is frequently required while performing secondary cognitively demanding tasks such as socializing and avoiding obstacles while walking, termed "Dual tasking." It is likely that Dual-task performance increases demand on the brain, as both motor and cognitive systems require neural resources. The purpose of this study was to use functional MRI to understand which brain regions are involved in resolving Dual-task interference created by requiring high levels of Ankle motor control during a cognitive task. METHODS Using functional MRI, brain activity was measured in sixteen young adults during performance of visually cued Ankle plantar flexion to a target (Ankle task), a cognitive task (Flanker task), and both tasks simultaneously (Dual task). RESULTS Dual-task performance did not impact the Ankle task (p = 0.78), but did affect behavior on the Flanker task. Response times for both the congruent and incongruent conditions during the Flanker task were significantly longer (p < 0.001, p = 0.050, respectively), and accuracy for the congruent condition decreased during Dual tasking (p < 0.001). Activity in 3 brain regions was associated with Dual-task Flanker performance. Percent signal change from baseline in Brodmann area (BA) 5, BA6, and the left caudate correlated with performance on the Flanker task during the Dual-task condition (R2 = 0.261, p = 0.04; R2 = -0.258, p = 0.04; R2 = 0.303, p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Performance of Ankle motor control may be prioritized over a cognitive task during Dual-task performance. Our work advances Dual-task research by elucidating patterns of whole brain activity for Dual tasks that require Ankle motor control during a cognitive task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Peters
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice J Eng
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R Borich
- School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth Dao
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ameen Amanian
- Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Pechenkova E, Nosikova I, Rumshiskaya A, Litvinova L, Rukavishnikov I, Mershina E, Sinitsyn V, Van Ombergen A, Jeurissen B, Jillings S, Laureys S, Sijbers J, Grishin A, Chernikova L, Naumov I, Kornilova L, Wuyts FL, Tomilovskaya E, Kozlovskaya I. Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI. Front Physiol 2019; 10:761. [PMID: 31333476 PMCID: PMC6621543 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports alterations of task-based functional brain connectivity in a group of 11 cosmonauts after a long-duration spaceflight, compared to a healthy control group not involved in the space program. To elicit the postural and locomotor sensorimotor mechanisms that are usually most significantly impaired when space travelers return to Earth, a plantar stimulation paradigm was used in a block design fMRI study. The motor control system activated by the plantar stimulation involved the pre-central and post-central gyri, SMA, SII/operculum, and, to a lesser degree, the insular cortex and cerebellum. While no post-flight alterations were observed in terms of activation, the network-based statistics approach revealed task-specific functional connectivity modifications within a broader set of regions involving the activation sites along with other parts of the sensorimotor neural network and the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. The most notable findings included a post-flight increase in the stimulation-specific connectivity of the right posterior supramarginal gyrus with the rest of the brain; a strengthening of connections between the left and right insulae; decreased connectivity of the vestibular nuclei, right inferior parietal cortex (BA40) and cerebellum with areas associated with motor, visual, vestibular, and proprioception functions; and decreased coupling of the cerebellum with the visual cortex and the right inferior parietal cortex. The severity of space motion sickness symptoms was found to correlate with a post- to pre-flight difference in connectivity between the right supramarginal gyrus and the left anterior insula. Due to the complex nature and rapid dynamics of adaptation to gravity alterations, the post-flight findings might be attributed to both the long-term microgravity exposure and to the readaptation to Earth's gravity that took place between the landing and post-flight MRI session. Nevertheless, the results have implications for the multisensory reweighting and gravitational motor system theories, generating hypotheses to be tested in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inna Nosikova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Rumshiskaya
- Radiology Department, Federal Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila Litvinova
- Radiology Department, Federal Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Rukavishnikov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Mershina
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin Sinitsyn
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Angelique Van Ombergen
- Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ben Jeurissen
- iMec/Vision Lab, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Jillings
- Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness Research Centre, Neurology Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness Research Centre, Neurology Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jan Sijbers
- iMec/Vision Lab, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Ludmila Chernikova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Naumov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Kornilova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Floris L. Wuyts
- Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elena Tomilovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inessa Kozlovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Radinmehr H, Ansari NN, Naghdi S, Tabatabaei A, Moghimi E. Comparison of Therapeutic Ultrasound and Radial Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Plantar Flexor Spasticity After Stroke: A Prospective, Single-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1546-1554. [PMID: 30935809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the effects of therapeutic ultrasound (US) and radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) in the treatment of plantar flexor spasticity after stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 32 patients (age range 42-78 years; male 19) with stroke were randomly divided into two groups: The US group (n = 16) received the continuous ultrasound, intensity 1.5 w/cm2, frequency 1 MHz, and duration 10 minutes. The rESWT group (n = 16) was treated with rESWT, 0.340 mJ/mm2, 2000 shots. Both groups received the treatments for 1 session. The H-reflex tests of Hmax/Mmax ratio and H-reflex latency, the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), active range of motion (AROM), passive range of motion (PROM), passive plantar flexor torque (PPFT), and the timed "up and go" test (TUG) were blinded assessed at baseline (T0), immediately post-treatment (T1), and one hour follow-up (T2). RESULTS The H-reflex tests did not improve across the groups. However, the MMAS spasticity scores, AROM and PROM, PPFT, and TUG improved significantly within groups. The results found no significant differences between groups for all outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The US and rESWT had similar effects, and the rESWT was not more effective than the US in improving ankle plantar flexor spasticity after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Radinmehr
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soofia Naghdi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azade Tabatabaei
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Moghimi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Effects of Elastic Therapeutic Taping on Joint Position Sense of the Ankle in Stroke Survivors. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 98:830-834. [PMID: 30964751 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in ankle joint position sense along with muscle weakness greatly affect the recovery of balance among stroke survivors. Elastic therapeutic taping has been studied in musculoskeletal conditions of the ankle to improve joint position sense and its effects in stroke are not known. The aims of the study were to investigate the differences in joint position sense between paretic and nonparetic ankles and to examine the effects of elastic therapeutic taping on joint position sense of the paretic ankle in stroke survivors. Sixteen chronic stroke survivors participated in a 2-day protocol of ankle elastic therapeutic taping on the paretic side. Active and passive joint position sense at the ankle was measured by Biodex Isokinetic III system on both the paretic and nonparetic sides before elastic therapeutic taping and only the paretic side after elastic therapeutic taping. The active and passive ankle joint position sense values were significantly (P < 0.001) lower on the paretic side than the nonparetic side before intervention. Joint position sense significantly (P < 0.001) improved for the paretic ankle after elastic therapeutic taping. Chronic stroke survivors were deficient in ankle joint position sense on the paretic side. Elastic therapeutic taping was effective in the short term to improve active and passive joint position sense.
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40
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Meyer C, Killeen T, Easthope CS, Curt A, Bolliger M, Linnebank M, Zörner B, Filli L. Familiarization with treadmill walking: How much is enough? Sci Rep 2019; 9:5232. [PMID: 30914746 PMCID: PMC6435738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treadmill-based gait analysis is widely used to investigate walking pathologies and quantify treatment effects on locomotion. Differential sensorimotor conditions during overground vs. treadmill walking necessitate initial familiarization to treadmill walking. Currently, there is no standardized treadmill acclimatization protocol and insufficient familiarization potentially confounds analyses. We monitored initial adaptations to treadmill walking in 40 healthy adults. Twenty-six walking parameters were assessed over 10 minutes with marker-based kinematic analysis and acclimatization profiles were generated. While 16 walking parameters demonstrated initial acclimatization followed by plateau performance, ten parameters remained stable. Distal lower limb control including ankle range of motion, toe trajectory and foot clearance underwent substantial adaptations. Moreover, intralimb coordination and gait variability also demonstrated acclimatization, while measures of symmetry and interlimb coordination did not. All parameters exhibiting a plateau after acclimatization did so within 6–7 minutes (425 strides). Older participants and those naïve to treadmill walking showed adaptations with higher amplitudes but over similar timescales. Our results suggest a minimum of 6 minutes treadmill acclimatization is required to reach a stable performance, and that this should suffice for both older and naïve healthy adults. The presented data aids in optimizing treadmill-based gait analysis and contributes to improving locomotor assessments in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meyer
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tim Killeen
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher S Easthope
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Armin Curt
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bolliger
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Linnebank
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Helios-Klinik Hagen-Ambrock, Witten/Herdecke University, Ambrocker Weg 60, 58091, Hagen, Germany
| | - Björn Zörner
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linard Filli
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tsang CSL, Chong DYK, Pang MYC. Cognitive-motor interference in walking after stroke: test–retest reliability and validity of dual-task walking assessments. Clin Rehabil 2019; 33:1066-1078. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215519828146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the reliability and validity of a series of dual-task mobility assessments among individuals post-stroke. Design: Observational study with repeated measures. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Thirty community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Measures: Each of the two mobility tasks (1-minute level-ground walking with and without obstacle-negotiation) was performed concurrently with each of the eight cognitive tasks (auditory Stroop test, serial subtraction, shopping list recall and category naming at two difficulty levels). Walking distance and obstacle hitting rate (OHR) indicated dual-task mobility performance. Number of correct responses (NCR) indicated cognitive performance. Reaction time was additionally measured for the auditory Stroop test. Construct validity was examined by correlations between the dual-task assessments. The dual-task assessments were repeated within 7–14 days for test–retest reliability. Results: Excellent test–retest reliability in walking distance and OHR was found (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC(3,1) = 0.891–0.984, P < 0.05). Moderate to excellent reliability was found in NCR and reaction time (ICC(3,1) = 0.480–0.911, P < 0.01). Correlations between walking distance were excellent ( rs = 0.840–0.985, P < 0.01). Correlations of NCR and reaction time between low- and high-level cognitive tasks were mostly moderate to excellent ( rs = 0.515–0.793, P < 0.01). Generally no significant correlations were found in NCR between the dual-task assessments with different cognitive domains. Conclusion: The dual-task walking assessments are reliable and valid for evaluating cognitive-motor interference in community-dwelling individuals post-stroke. The lack of correlations between the tasks of different cognitive domains indicates the need of using different cognitive domains in dual-task walking assessment post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doris Yin Kei Chong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Marco Yiu Chung Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Groff BR, Antonellis P, Schmid KK, Knarr BA, Stergiou N. Stride-time variability is related to sensorimotor cortical activation during forward and backward walking. Neurosci Lett 2019; 692:150-158. [PMID: 30367957 PMCID: PMC6351206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to show that motor areas of the cortex are activated more while walking backward compared to walking forward. It is also known that head movement creates motion artifacts in fNIRS data. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical activation during forward and backward walking, while also measuring head movement. We hypothesized that greater activation in motor areas while walking backward would be concurrent with increased head movement. Participants performed forward and backward walking on a treadmill. Participants wore motion capture markers on their head to quantify head movement and pressure sensors on their feet to calculate stride-time. fNIRS was placed over motor areas of the cortex to measure cortical activation. Measurements were compared for forward and backward walking conditions. No significant differences in body movement or head movement were observed between forward and backward walking conditions, suggesting that conditional differences in movement did not influence fNIRS results. Stride-time was significantly shorter during backward walking than during forward walking, but not more variable. There were no differences in activation for motor areas of the cortex when outliers were removed. However, there was a positive correlation between stride-time variability and activation in the primary motor cortex. This positive correlation between motor cortex activation and stride-time variability suggests that forward walking variability may be represented in the primary motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boman R Groff
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, College of Education, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE, 68182-0860, USA
| | - Prokopios Antonellis
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, College of Education, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE, 68182-0860, USA
| | - Kendra K Schmid
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4375, USA
| | - Brian A Knarr
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, College of Education, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE, 68182-0860, USA
| | - Nicholas Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, College of Education, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE, 68182-0860, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984388 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4388, USA.
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Brain Activation During Passive and Volitional Pedaling After Stroke. Motor Control 2019; 23:52-80. [PMID: 30012052 PMCID: PMC6685765 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2017-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prior work indicates that pedaling-related brain activation is lower in people with stroke than in controls. We asked whether this observation could be explained by between-group differences in volitional motor commands and pedaling performance. Methods: Individuals with and without stroke performed passive and volitional pedaling while brain activation was recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The passive condition eliminated motor commands to pedal and minimized between-group differences in pedaling performance. Volume, intensity, and laterality of brain activation were compared across conditions and groups. Results: There were no significant effects of condition and no Group × Condition interactions for any measure of brain activation. Only 53% of subjects could minimize muscle activity for passive pedaling. Conclusions: Altered motor commands and pedaling performance are unlikely to account for reduced pedaling-related brain activation poststroke. Instead, this phenomenon may be due to functional or structural brain changes. Passive pedaling can be difficult to achieve and may require inhibition of excitatory descending drive.
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44
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Takahashi Y, Fujiwara T, Yamaguchi T, Matsunaga H, Kawakami M, Honaga K, Mizuno K, Liu M. Voluntary contraction enhances spinal reciprocal inhibition induced by patterned electrical stimulation in patients with stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:99-105. [PMID: 29439361 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reciprocal inhibition (RI) may be important for recovering locomotion after stroke. Patterned electrical stimulation (PES) can modulate RI in a manner that could be enhanced by voluntary muscle contraction (VC). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether VC enhances the PES-induced spinal RI in patients with stroke. METHODS Twelve patients with chronic stroke underwent three 20 min tasks, each on different days: (1) PES (10 pulses, 100 Hz every 2 s) applied to the common peroneal nerve; (2) VC consisting of isometric contraction of the affected-side tibialis anterior muscle; (3) PES combined with VC (PES + VC). RI from the tibialis anterior to the soleus muscle was assessed before, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the task. RESULTS Compared to the baseline, PES + VC significantly increased the changes in reciprocal inhibition at immediately after and 10 min after the task. PES alone significantly increased this change immediately after the task, while VC alone showed no significant increase. CONCLUSION VC enhanced the PES-induced plastic changes in RI in patients with stroke. This effect can potentially increase the success rate of newer neurorehabilitative approaches in achieving functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan.,JSPS Overseas Research Fellow.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michiyuki Kawakami
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Honaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Mizuno
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meigen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Eccentric cross-exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Novel case series to enhance neuroplasticity. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 34:55-65. [PMID: 30223234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Substantial changes in neural function are historically present after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and are not rectified with traditional rehabilitation. Cross-exercise is a potential means to enhance neural excitability and improve recovery after ACLR. Hence our purpose, was to detail changes in brain activation, neural excitability and patient-reported outcomes in a cohort that completed an 8-week quadriceps-focused eccentric cross-exercise training program immediately following ACLR. DESIGN Case series. SETTING University. PARTICPANTS Five patients participated in an 8-week (24-session) eccentric cross-exercise intervention after ACLR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Brain activation, neural activity and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated within 2 weeks post-ACLR and again at 10-weeks post-ACLR after the intervention. Each cross-exercise session consisted of 4 sets of 10 isokinetic eccentric contractions at 60 deg/sec with the noninvolved limb. RESULTS Following the intervention, patients demonstrated a facilitated spinal reflexive and muscle activity response from the motor cortex during a time when these measures are known to be depressed. Patients also demonstrated a reduce dependence on frontal cortex activity to generate quadriceps contractions. Further patients reported significant reductions in pain and symptoms and greater knee function. CONCLUSIONS Eccentric cross-exercise after ACLR helps to facilitate positive adaptations in neural function and patient reported outcomes.
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Goh SK, Abbass HA, Tan KC, Al-Mamun A, Thakor N, Bezerianos A, Li J. Spatio–Spectral Representation Learning for Electroencephalographic Gait-Pattern Classification. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:1858-1867. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2864119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sacheli LM, Zapparoli L, Preti M, De Santis C, Pelosi C, Ursino N, Zerbi A, Stucovitz E, Banfi G, Paulesu E. A functional limitation to the lower limbs affects the neural bases of motor imagery of gait. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:177-187. [PMID: 30094167 PMCID: PMC6072647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies on athletes or neurological patients with motor disorders have shown a close link between motor experience and motor imagery skills. Here we evaluated whether a functional limitation due to a musculoskeletal disorder has an impact on the ability to mentally rehearse the motor patterns of walking, an overlearned and highly automatic behaviour. We assessed the behavioural performance (measured through mental chronometry tasks) and the neural signatures of motor imagery of gait in patients with chronic knee arthrosis and in age-matched, healthy controls. During fMRI, participants observed (i) stationary or (ii) moving videos of a path in a park shown in the first-person perspective: they were asked to imagine themselves (i) standing on or (ii) walking along the path, as if the camera were “their own eyes” (gait imagery (GI) task). In half of the trials, participants performed a dynamic gait imagery (DGI) task by combining foot movements with GI. Behavioural tests revealed a lower degree of isochrony between imagined and performed walking in the patients, indicating impairment in the ability to mentally rehearse gait motor patterns. Moreover, fMRI showed widespread hypoactivation during GI in motor planning (premotor and parietal) brain regions, the brainstem, and the cerebellum. Crucially, the performance of DGI had a modulatory effect on the patients and enhanced activation of the posterior parietal, brainstem, and cerebellar regions that the healthy controls recruited during the GI task. These findings show that functional limitations of peripheral origin may impact on gait motor representations, providing a rationale for cognitive rehabilitation protocols in patients with gait disorders of orthopaedic nature. The DGI task may be a suitable tool in this respect. Patients with chronic knee arthrosis show impairment in gait motor imagery Impairment is selective for gait and paralleled by hypoactivation in premotor areas Peripheral limitation of lower limb movements affects central gait motor control Dynamic motor imagery favours the recruitment of a motor strategy during imagery Mental motor training might help to restore gait control in orthopaedic patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Sacheli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Zapparoli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Preti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo De Santis
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Catia Pelosi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ursino
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zerbi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Stucovitz
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
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Gehringer JE, Arpin DJ, Heinrichs-Graham E, Wilson TW, Kurz MJ. Neurophysiological changes in the visuomotor network after practicing a motor task. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:239-249. [PMID: 29589817 PMCID: PMC6093962 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is well appreciated that practicing a motor task updates the associated internal model, it is still unknown how the cortical oscillations linked with the motor action change with practice. The present study investigates the short-term changes (e.g., fast motor learning) in the α- and β-event-related desynchronizations (ERD) associated with the production of a motor action. To this end, we used magnetoencephalography to identify changes in the α- and β-ERD in healthy adults after participants practiced a novel isometric ankle plantarflexion target-matching task. After practicing, the participants matched the targets faster and had improved accuracy, faster force production, and a reduced amount of variability in the force output when trying to match the target. Parallel with the behavioral results, the strength of the β-ERD across the motor-planning and execution stages was reduced after practice in the sensorimotor and occipital cortexes. No pre/postpractice changes were found in the α-ERD during motor planning or execution. Together, these outcomes suggest that fast motor learning is associated with a decrease in β-ERD power. The decreased strength likely reflects a more refined motor plan, a reduction in neural resources needed to perform the task, and/or an enhancement of the processes that are involved in the visuomotor transformations that occur before the onset of the motor action. These results may augment the development of neurologically based practice strategies and/or lead to new practice strategies that increase motor learning. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We aimed to determine the effects of practice on the movement-related cortical oscillatory activity. Following practice, we found that the performance of the ankle plantarflexion target-matching task improved and the power of the β-oscillations decreased in the sensorimotor and occipital cortexes. These novel findings capture the β-oscillatory activity changes in the sensorimotor and occipital cortexes that are coupled with behavioral changes to demonstrate the effects of motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Gehringer
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - David J Arpin
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Max J Kurz
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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Integration of visual feedback and motor learning: Corticospinal vs. corticobulbar pathway. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 58:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Klarner T, Zehr EP. Sherlock Holmes and the curious case of the human locomotor central pattern generator. J Neurophysiol 2018. [PMID: 29537920 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00554.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence first described in reduced animal models over 100 years ago led to deductions about the control of locomotion through spinal locomotor central pattern-generating (CPG) networks. These discoveries in nature were contemporaneous with another form of deductive reasoning found in popular culture, that of Arthur Conan Doyle's detective, Sherlock Holmes. Because the invasive methods used in reduced nonhuman animal preparations are not amenable to study in humans, we are left instead with deducing from other measures and observations. Using the deductive reasoning approach of Sherlock Holmes as a metaphor for framing research into human CPGs, we speculate and weigh the evidence that should be observable in humans based on knowledge from other species. This review summarizes indirect inference to assess "observable evidence" of pattern-generating activity that leads to the logical deduction of CPG contributions to arm and leg activity during locomotion in humans. The question of where a CPG may be housed in the human nervous system remains incompletely resolved at this time. Ongoing understanding, elaboration, and application of functioning locomotor CPGs in humans is important for gait rehabilitation strategies in those with neurological injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Klarner
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada
| | - E Paul Zehr
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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