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Garabet R, Dampier W, Tillman S, Malone K, Szep Z, Althoff A, Pirrone V, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B, Schultheis M, Devlin KN. CD4 nadir and neurocognitive trajectories in people living with HIV. J Neurovirol 2024:10.1007/s13365-024-01217-8. [PMID: 38856821 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-024-01217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the combination antiretroviral therapy era. CD4 nadir is a well-established predictor of cognition cross-sectionally, but its impact on longitudinal neurocognitive (NC) trajectories is unclear. The few studies on this topic examined trajectories of global cognition, rather than specific NC domains. The current study examined CD4 nadir in relation to domain-specific NC decline. 132 HIV + adults from the Temple/Drexel Comprehensive NeuroHIV Center, Clinical and Translational Research Support Core Cohort were administered comprehensive NC assessments longitudinally, with last visit occurring an average of 12 years after CD4 nadir. Linear mixed models were used to examine CD4 nadir in relation to longitudinal NC trajectories in three empirically identified NC domains: speed/executive function (S/EF), visuospatial memory (VM), and verbal fluency (VF). CD4 nadir was associated with change in VF (p = 0.020), but not with S/EF or VM. Specifically, those with CD4 nadir < 200 demonstrated increasing VF over time (p = .002), whereas those with CD4 nadir > 200 demonstrated stable VF (p = .568), though these differing trajectories may partly reflect regression to the mean or differential practice effect. CD4 dynamics over time were analyzed as potential mechanisms for the identified associations, with mixed findings. While low CD4 nadir has been associated with weaker neurocognition among people living with HIV, the results of this study suggest that low CD4 nadir is not associated with ongoing decline a decade later. Nadir-related deficits in VF may be stable or even improve over time, possibly reflecting the beneficial cognitive effects of long-term treatment and immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmig Garabet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shinika Tillman
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim Malone
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zsofia Szep
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Althoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa Pirrone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Schultheis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn N Devlin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Boisvert M, Lungu O, Pilon F, Dumais A, Potvin S. Regional cerebral blood flow at rest in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 335:111720. [PMID: 37804739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental disorders (SMDs) such as schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with altered brain function. Neuroimaging studies have illustrated spontaneous activity alterations across SMDs, but no meta-analysis has directly compared resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with one another. We conducted a meta-analysis of PET, SPECT and ASL neuroimaging studies to identify specific alterations of rCBF at rest in SMDs. Included are 20 studies in MDD, and 18 studies in SCZ. Due to the insufficient number of studies in BD, this disorder was left out of the analyses. Compared to controls, the SCZ group displayed reduced rCBF in the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus and in the medial orbital part of the bilateral superior frontal gyrus. After correction, only a small cluster in the right inferior frontal gyrus exhibited reduced rCBF in MDD, compared to controls. Differences were found in these brain regions between SCZ and MDD. SCZ displayed reduced rCBF at rest in regions associated with default-mode, reward processing and language processing. MDD was associated with reduced rCBF in a cluster involved in response inhibition. Our meta-analysis highlights differences in the resting-state rCBF alterations between SCZ and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Boisvert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Pilon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut National de Psychiatrie Légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Alonso-Sánchez MF, Limongi R, Gati J, Palaniyappan L. Language network self-inhibition and semantic similarity in first-episode schizophrenia: A computational-linguistic and effective connectivity approach. Schizophr Res 2023; 259:97-103. [PMID: 35568676 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A central feature of schizophrenia is the disorganization and impoverishment of language. Recently, we observed higher semantic similarity in first-episode-schizophrenia (FES) patients. In this study, we investigate if this aberrant similarity relates to the 'causal' connectivity between two key nodes of the word production system: inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the semantic-hub at the ventral anterior temporal lobe (vATL). METHODS Resting-state fMRI scans were collected from 60 participants (30 untreated FES and 30 healthy controls). The semantic distance was measured with the CoVec semantic tool based on GloVe. A spectral dynamic causal model with Parametrical Empirical Bayes was constructed modelling the intrinsic self-inhibitory and extrinsic-excitatory connections within the brain regions. We estimated the parameters of a fully connected model with the semantic distance as a covariate. RESULTS FES patients chose words with higher semantic similarity when describing the pictures compared to the HC group. Among patients, an increased semantic similarity was related with an increase in intrinsic connections within both the vATL and IFG, suggesting that reduced 'synaptic gain' in these regions likely contribute to aberrant sampling of the semantic space during discourse in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Lexical impoverishment relates to increased self-inhibition in both the IFG and vATL. The associated reduction in synaptic gain may relate to reduced precision of locally generated neural activity, forcing the choice of words that are already 'activated' in a lexical network. One approach to improve word sampling may be via promoting synaptic gain via supra-physiological stimulation within the Broca's-vATL network; this proposal needs verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Francisca Alonso-Sánchez
- CIDCL, Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Roberto Limongi
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Gati
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Youth Mental Health Service Innovation, Research and Training, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Youth Mental Health Service Innovation, Research and Training, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Wang Z, Ficek BN, Webster KT, Herrmann O, Frangakis CE, Desmond JE, Onyike CU, Caffo B, Hillis AE, Tsapkini K. Specificity in Generalization Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Primary Progressive Aphasia. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:850-860. [PMID: 37287321 PMCID: PMC10250817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Generalization (or near-transfer) effects of an intervention to tasks not explicitly trained are the most desirable intervention outcomes. However, they are rarely reported and even more rarely explained. One hypothesis for generalization effects is that the tasks improved share the same brain function/computation with the intervention task. We tested this hypothesis in this study of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) that is claimed to be involved in selective semantic retrieval of information from the temporal lobes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we examined whether tDCS over the left IFG in a group of patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), paired with a lexical/semantic retrieval intervention (oral and written naming), may specifically improve semantic fluency, a nontrained near-transfer task that relies on selective semantic retrieval, in patients with PPA. RESULTS Semantic fluency improved significantly more in the active tDCS than in the sham tDCS condition immediately after and two weeks after treatment. This improvement was marginally significant two months after treatment. We also found that the active tDCS effect was specific to tasks that require this IFG computation (selective semantic retrieval) but not to other tasks that may require different computations of the frontal lobes. CONCLUSIONS We provided interventional evidence that the left IFG is critical for selective semantic retrieval, and tDCS over the left IFG may have a near-transfer effect on tasks that depend on the same computation, even if they are not specifically trained. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number for the study is NCT02606422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bronte N Ficek
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly T Webster
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Herrmann
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constantine E Frangakis
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John E Desmond
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neuroscience Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyrana Tsapkini
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zhu H, Fitzhugh MC, Keator LM, Johnson L, Rorden C, Bonilha L, Fridriksson J, Rogalsky C. How can graph theory inform the dual-stream model of speech processing? a resting-state fMRI study of post-stroke aphasia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537216. [PMID: 37131756 PMCID: PMC10153155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The dual-stream model of speech processing has been proposed to represent the cortical networks involved in speech comprehension and production. Although it is arguably the prominent neuroanatomical model of speech processing, it is not yet known if the dual-stream model represents actual intrinsic functional brain networks. Furthermore, it is unclear how disruptions after a stroke to the functional connectivity of the dual-stream model's regions are related to specific types of speech production and comprehension impairments seen in aphasia. To address these questions, in the present study, we examined two independent resting-state fMRI datasets: (1) 28 neurotypical matched controls and (2) 28 chronic left-hemisphere stroke survivors with aphasia collected at another site. Structural MRI, as well as language and cognitive behavioral assessments, were collected. Using standard functional connectivity measures, we successfully identified an intrinsic resting-state network amongst the dual-stream model's regions in the control group. We then used both standard functional connectivity analyses and graph theory approaches to determine how the functional connectivity of the dual-stream network differs in individuals with post-stroke aphasia, and how this connectivity may predict performance on clinical aphasia assessments. Our findings provide strong evidence that the dual-stream model is an intrinsic network as measured via resting-state MRI, and that weaker functional connectivity of the hub nodes of the dual-stream network defined by graph theory methods, but not overall average network connectivity, is weaker in the stroke group than in the control participants. Also, the functional connectivity of the hub nodes predicted specific types of impairments on clinical assessments. In particular, the relative strength of connectivity of the right hemisphere's homologues of the left dorsal stream hubs to the left dorsal hubs versus right ventral stream hubs is a particularly strong predictor of post-stroke aphasia severity and symptomology.
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Feng G, Yan X, Shen L, Perkins K, Mao J, Wu Y, Shi L, Cao F. Distinct neural correlates of poor decoding and poor comprehension in children with reading disability. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3239-3254. [PMID: 35848850 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading disability (RD) can manifest itself as a word decoding problem or a reading comprehension problem. In the current study, we identified 3 subtypes of RD: poor decoders (PD), poor comprehenders (PC), and poor-in-both (PB). We found that PD had greater deficits in meta-linguistic skills such as phonological awareness, orthographic skills, and morphological skills than PC, whereas PC had greater deficits in listening comprehension than PD. In the brain, we also found different patterns of deficits during an auditory rhyming judgment task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. PD showed less activation than PC and age controls in the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and pre-supplementary motor area (SMA), brain activation of which was correlated with phonological awareness and working memory. In contrast, PC showed less activation in the left fusiform gyrus than PD and age controls, which was correlated with reading comprehension fluency and morphological skill. Last, PB showed both PD's and PC's deficits, as well as additional deficits in the bilateral lingual gyri. Our findings contribute to revealing different neural signatures of poor decoding and poor comprehension, which are distinct disorders but co-occur very often. These findings implicate possibility and necessity of precise diagnosis and individualized intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Feng
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, University Town, Panyu Ddiatrict, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Management, Guangzhou Xinhua University, 19 Huamei Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu Road, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Linling Shen
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, University Town, Panyu Ddiatrict, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kyle Perkins
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Florida International University (retired professor), Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jiaqi Mao
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, University Town, Panyu Ddiatrict, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, University Town, Panyu Ddiatrict, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liping Shi
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, University Town, Panyu Ddiatrict, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fan Cao
- Department of Psychology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Sugimoto H, Abe MS, Otake-Matsuura M. Word-producing brain: Contribution of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus to word production patterns in spoken language. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 238:105233. [PMID: 36842390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vocabulary is based on semantic knowledge. The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has been considered an essential region for processing semantic knowledge; nonetheless, the association between word production patterns and the structural and functional characteristics of the ATL remains unclear. To examine this, we analyzed over one million words from group conversations among community-dwelling older adults and their multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data. A quantitative index for the word production patterns, namely the exponent β of Heaps' law, positively correlated with the left anterior middle temporal gyrus volume. Moreover, β negatively correlated with its resting-state functional connectivity with the precuneus. There was no significant correlation with the diffusion tensor imaging metrics in any fiber. These findings suggest that the vocabulary richness in spoken language depends on the brain status characterized by the semantic knowledge-related brain structure and its activation dissimilarity with the precuneus, a core region of the default mode network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 15th floor, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan.
| | - Masato S Abe
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 15th floor, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; Faculty of Culture and Information Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto-fu 610-0394, Japan.
| | - Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 15th floor, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan.
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Sander K, Chai X, Barbeau EB, Kousaie S, Petrides M, Baum S, Klein D. Interhemispheric functional brain connectivity predicts new language learning success in adults. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1217-1229. [PMID: 35348627 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating interhemispheric interactions between homologous cortical regions during language processing is of interest. Despite prevalent left hemisphere lateralization of language, the right hemisphere also plays an important role and interhemispheric connectivity is influenced by language experience and is implicated in second language (L2) acquisition. Regions involved in language processing have differential connectivity to other cortical regions and to each other, and play specific roles in language. We examined the interhemispheric interactions of subregions of the inferior frontal gyrus (areas 44 and 45), the adjacent area 9/46v in the middle frontal gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus (STG), and the posterior inferior parietal lobule (pIPL) in relation to distinct and specific aspects of L2 learning success. The results indicated that the connectivity between left and right areas 44 and 9/46v predicted improvement in sentence repetition, connectivity between left and right area 45 and mid-STG predicted improvement in auditory comprehension, and connectivity between left and right pIPL predicted improvement in reading speed. We show interhemispheric interactions in the specific context of facilitating performance in adult L2 acquisition that follow an anterior to posterior gradient in the brain, and are consistent with the respective roles of these regions in language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Sander
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Elise B Barbeau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Shanna Kousaie
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Shari Baum
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Denise Klein
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
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Warrington S, Thompson E, Bastiani M, Dubois J, Baxter L, Slater R, Jbabdi S, Mars RB, Sotiropoulos SN. Concurrent mapping of brain ontogeny and phylogeny within a common space: Standardized tractography and applications. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2022. [PMID: 36260675 PMCID: PMC9581484 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developmental and evolutionary effects on brain organization are complex, yet linked, as evidenced by the correspondence in cortical area expansion across these vastly different time scales. However, it is still not possible to study concurrently the ontogeny and phylogeny of cortical areal connections, which is arguably more relevant to brain function than allometric measurements. Here, we propose a novel framework that allows the integration of structural connectivity maps from humans (adults and neonates) and nonhuman primates (macaques) onto a common space. We use white matter bundles to anchor the common space and use the uniqueness of cortical connection patterns to these bundles to probe area specialization. This enabled us to quantitatively study divergences and similarities in connectivity over evolutionary and developmental scales, to reveal brain maturation trajectories, including the effect of premature birth, and to translate cortical atlases between diverse brains. Our findings open new avenues for an integrative approach to imaging neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Warrington
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elinor Thompson
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo Bastiani
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jessica Dubois
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot Unit, Paris, France
- University Paris-Saclay, CEA, NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luke Baxter
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebeccah Slater
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rogier B. Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stamatios N. Sotiropoulos
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Alıcı YH, Öztoprak H, Rızaner N, Baskak B, Devrimci Özgüven H. Deep neural network to differentiate brain activity between patients with euthymic bipolar disorders and healthy controls during verbal fluency performance: A multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 326:111537. [PMID: 36088826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to differentiate between euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy controls (HC) based on frontal activity measured by fNIRS that were converted to spectrograms with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). And also, we investigated brain regions that cause this distinction. In total, 29 BD patients and 28 HCs were recruited. Their brain cortical activities were measured using fNIRS while performing letter versions of VFT. Each one of the 24 fNIRS channels was converted to a 2D spectrogram on which a CNN architecture was designed and utilized for classification. We found that our CNN algorithm using fNIRS activity during a VFT is able to differentiate subjects with BD from healthy controls with 90% accuracy, 80% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Moreover, validation performance reached an AUC of 94%. From our individual channel analyses, we observed channels corresponding to the left inferior frontal gyrus (left-IFC), medial frontal cortex (MFC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), Broca area, and right premotor have considerable activity variation to distinguish patients from HC. fNIRS activity during VFT can be used as a potential marker to classify euthymic BD patients from HCs. Activity particularly in the MFC, left-IFC, Broca's area, and DLPFC have a considerable variation to distinguish patients from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hüseyin Öztoprak
- Cyprus InternationalUniversity, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Haspolat, Mersin 10, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Nahit Rızaner
- Cyprus International University, Biotechnology Research Centre, Haspolat, Mersin 10, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Ankara University, Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
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Isella V, Licciardo D, Ferri F, Crivellaro C, Morzenti S, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C. Reduced phonemic fluency in progressive supranuclear palsy is due to dysfunction of dominant BA6. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:969875. [PMID: 36158541 PMCID: PMC9492952 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.969875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced phonemic fluency is extremely frequent in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), but its neural correlate is yet to be defined. Objective We explored the hypothesis that poor fluency in PSP might be due to neurodegeneration within a dominant frontal circuit known to be involved in speech fluency, including the opercular area, the superior frontal cortex (BA6), and the frontal aslant tract connecting these two regions. Methods We correlated performance on a letter fluency task (F, A, and S, 60 s for each letter) with brain metabolism as measured with Fluoro-deoxy-glucose Positron Emission Tomography, using Statistical Parametric Mapping, in 31 patients with PSP. Results Reduced letter fluency was associated with significant hypometabolism at the level of left BA6. Conclusion Our finding is the first evidence that in PSP, as in other neurogical disorders, poor self-initiated, effortful verbal retrieval appears to be linked to dysfunction of the dominant opercular-aslant-BA6 circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Isella
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Licciardo
- Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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12
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Askari A, Greif TR, Lam J, Maher AC, Persad CC, Patil PG. Decline of verbal fluency with lateral superior frontal gyrus penetration in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:729-734. [PMID: 35090137 DOI: 10.3171/2021.11.jns211528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verbal fluency (VF) decline is a well-recognized adverse cognitive outcome following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The mechanisms underlying VF decline, whether from stimulation, lesioning, or both, remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the unique effects of DBS lead trajectory on VF beyond previously reported effects of active contact location. METHODS The study population included 56 patients with idiopathic PD who underwent bilateral STN DBS. Phonemic and semantic VF scores were compared pre- and postoperatively. Features of the electrode trajectory were measured on postoperative imaging, including distance from the falx cerebri, distance from the superior frontal sulcus, and caudate nucleus penetration. The authors used t-tests, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses to examine the relationship between VF change and demographic, disease, and electrode trajectory variables. RESULTS The laterality of entry within the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) predicted greater phonemic VF decline (sr2 = 0.28, p < 0.001) after controlling for active contact location. VF change did not differ by the presence of caudate nucleus penetration in either hemisphere (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lateral penetration of the SFG in the left hemisphere is associated with worsening phonemic VF and has greater explanatory power than active contact location. This may be explained by lesioning of the lateral SFG-Broca area pathway, which is implicated in language function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor R Greif
- 2Department of Psychiatry-Neuropsychology Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Amanda C Maher
- 2Department of Psychiatry-Neuropsychology Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol C Persad
- 2Department of Psychiatry-Neuropsychology Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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13
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Segregated circuits for phonemic and semantic fluency: A novel patient-tailored disconnection study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103149. [PMID: 35970113 PMCID: PMC9400120 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phonemic and semantic fluency are neuropsychological tests widely used to assess patients' language and executive abilities and are highly sensitive tests in detecting language deficits in glioma patients. However, the networks that are involved in these tasks could be distinct and suggesting either a frontal (phonemic) or temporal (semantic) involvement. 42 right-handed patients (26 male, mean age = 52.5 years, SD=±13.3) were included in this retrospective study. Patients underwent awake (54.8%) or asleep (45.2%) surgery for low-grade (16.7%) or high-grade-glioma (83.3%) in the frontal (64.3%) or temporal lobe (35.7%) of the left (50%) or right (50%) hemisphere. Pre-operative tractography was reconstructed for each patient, with segmentation of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), arcuate fasciculus (AF), uncinate fasciculus (UF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-III), frontal aslant tract (FAT), and cortico-spinal tract (CST). Post-operative percentage of damage and disconnection of each tract, based on the patients' surgical cavities, were correlated with verbal fluencies scores at one week and one month after surgery. Analyses of differences between fluency scores at these timepoints (before surgery, one week and one month after surgery) were performed; lesion-symptom mapping was used to identify the correlation between cortical areas and post-operative scores. Immediately after surgery, a transient impairment of verbal fluency was observed, that improved within a month. Left hemisphere lesions were related to a worse verbal fluency performance, being a damage to the left superior frontal or temporal gyri associated with phonemic or semantic fluency deficit, respectively. At a subcortical level, disconnection analyses revealed that fluency scores were associated to the involvement of the left FAT and the left frontal part of the IFOF for phonemic fluency, and the association was still present one month after surgery. For semantic fluency, the correlation between post-surgery performance emerged for the left AF, UF, ILF and the temporal part of the IFOF, but disappeared at the follow-up. This approach based on the patients' pre-operative tractography, allowed to trace for the first time a dissociation between white matter pathways integrity and verbal fluency after surgery for glioma resection. Our results confirm the involvement of a frontal anterior pathway for phonemic fluency and a ventral temporal pathway for semantic fluency. Finally, our longitudinal results suggest that the frontal executive pathway requires a longer interval to recover compared to the semantic one.
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Darnai G, Perlaki G, Orsi G, Arató Á, Szente A, Horváth R, Áfra E, Nagy SA, Kovács N, Dóczi T, Janszky J. Language processing in Internet use disorder: Task-based fMRI study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269979. [PMID: 35749379 PMCID: PMC9231743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet use disorder (IUD) is generally conceptualized as a fast-growing behavioral addiction. Several structural and functional brain alterations have been revealed in this condition, but previous behavioral studies indicated that language systems may also be impaired. We used a silent word generation task to induce brain activation in Broca’s area and other parts of the language system. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation analysis and psychophysiological interaction analysis were applied to assess functional brain changes. IUD was measured by the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire and two additional questions concerning usage time and subjective rating of addiction. According to our key findings, areas strongly related to the default mode network were altered in IUD during the task. Moreover, Broca’s area showed altered functional connectivity with other language network and occipital areas in IUD. These findings may address the neural background of decreased verbal fluency performance previously reported in the literature, and we emphasize that beside the brain’s reward and inhibitory control systems, the language system is the next candidate to be involved in the pathogenesis of IUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Darnai
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Gábor Perlaki
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
- Pécs Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Orsi
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
- Pécs Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Arató
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Szente
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Réka Horváth
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Áfra
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Anett Nagy
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
- Pécs Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kovács
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Dóczi
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Janszky
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
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15
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Distinct spatiotemporal patterns of syntactic and semantic processing in human inferior frontal gyrus. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1104-1111. [PMID: 35618778 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human languages are based on syntax, a set of rules which allow an infinite number of meaningful sentences to be constructed from a finite set of words. A theory associated with Chomsky and others holds that syntax is a mind-internal, universal structure independent of semantics. This theory, however, has been challenged by studies of the Chinese language showing that syntax is processed under the semantic umbrella, and is secondary and not independent. Here, using intracranial high-density electrocorticography, we find distinct spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus that are specifically associated with syntactic and semantic processing of Chinese sentences. These results suggest that syntactic processing may occur before semantic processing. Our findings are consistent with the view that the human brain implements syntactic structures in a manner that is independent of semantics.
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16
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Zhou S, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Wu L, Li X, Zhu N, Li D, Zhang M. The Effect of Task Performance and Partnership on Interpersonal Brain Synchrony during Cooperation. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050635. [PMID: 35625021 PMCID: PMC9139361 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal brain synchrony (IBS) during cooperation has not been systematically investigated. To address this research gap, this study assessed neural synchrony during a cooperative jigsaw puzzle solving task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning. IBS was measured for successful and failed tasks in 31 dyads in which the partners were familiar or unknown to each other. No significant difference in IBS was observed between the different types of cooperative partnership; however, stronger IBS within regions of the pars triangularis Broca’s area, right frontopolar cortex, and right temporoparietal junction was observed during task success. These results highlight the effect of better task performance on cooperative IBS for the first time and further extend understanding of the neural basis of cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (N.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (N.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Yiwen Fu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (N.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (N.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Xiaodie Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (N.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Ningning Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (N.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (N.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (N.Z.); (D.L.)
- College of Marxism, Kashgar Vocational and Technical College, Kashgar, Xinjiang 844000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-7669-9751
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17
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Wang Y, Xu F, Zhou W, Hou L, Tang Y, Liu S. Morphological and hemispheric and sex differences of the anterior ascending ramus and the horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1949-1961. [PMID: 35441988 PMCID: PMC9232435 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Broca’s area is composed of the pars opercularis (PO) and the pars triangularis (PTR) of the inferior frontal gyrus; the anterior ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus (aals) separates the PO from the PTR, and the horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus (hals) separates the PTR from the pars orbitalis. The morphometry of these two sulci maybe has potential effects on the various functions of Broca’s area. Exploring the morphological variations, hemispheric differences and sex differences of these two sulci contributed to a better localization of Broca's area. BrainVISA was used to reconstruct and parameterize these two sulci based on data from 3D MR images of 90 healthy right-handed subjects. The 3D anatomic morphologies of these two sulci were investigated using 4 sulcal parameters: average depth (AD), average width (AW), outer length (OL) and inner length (IL). The aals and hals could be identified in 98.89% and 98.33%, respectively, of the hemispheres evaluated. The morphological patterns of these two sulci were categorized into four typical types. There were no statistically significant interhemispheric or sex differences in the frequency of the morphological patterns. There was statistically significant interhemispheric difference in the IL of the aals. Significant sex differences were found in the AD and the IL of the aals and OL of the hals. Our results not only provide a structural basis for functional studies related to Broca’s area but also are helpful in determining the precise position of Broca’s area in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lanwei Hou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchun Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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18
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Gnedykh D, Tsvetova D, Mkrtychian N, Blagovechtchenski E, Kostromina S, Shtyrov Y. Broca’s area involvement in abstract and concrete word acquisition: tDCS evidence. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 192:107622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Yamashita M, Ohsawa C, Suzuki M, Guo X, Sadakata M, Otsuka Y, Asano K, Abe N, Sekiyama K. Neural Advantages of Older Musicians Involve the Cerebellum: Implications for Healthy Aging Through Lifelong Musical Instrument Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:784026. [PMID: 35069154 PMCID: PMC8766763 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.784026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared 30 older musicians and 30 age-matched non-musicians to investigate the association between lifelong musical instrument training and age-related cognitive decline and brain atrophy (musicians: mean age 70.8 years, musical experience 52.7 years; non-musicians: mean age 71.4 years, no or less than 3 years of musical experience). Although previous research has demonstrated that young musicians have larger gray matter volume (GMV) in the auditory-motor cortices and cerebellum than non-musicians, little is known about older musicians. Music imagery in young musicians is also known to share a neural underpinning [the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and cerebellum] with music performance. Thus, we hypothesized that older musicians would show superiority to non-musicians in some of the abovementioned brain regions. Behavioral performance, GMV, and brain activity, including functional connectivity (FC) during melodic working memory (MWM) tasks, were evaluated in both groups. Behaviorally, musicians exhibited a much higher tapping speed than non-musicians, and tapping speed was correlated with executive function in musicians. Structural analyses revealed larger GMVs in both sides of the cerebellum of musicians, and importantly, this was maintained until very old age. Task-related FC analyses revealed that musicians possessed greater cerebellar-hippocampal FC, which was correlated with tapping speed. Furthermore, musicians showed higher activation in the SMG during MWM tasks; this was correlated with earlier commencement of instrumental training. These results indicate advantages or heightened coupling in brain regions associated with music performance and imagery in musicians. We suggest that lifelong instrumental training highly predicts the structural maintenance of the cerebellum and related cognitive maintenance in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Ohsawa
- School of Music, Mukogawa Women’s University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maki Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xia Guo
- Graduate School of Social and Cultural Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Sadakata
- Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yuki Otsuka
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Asano
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Child Care and Education, Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kaoru Sekiyama,
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20
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Hu S, Li XJ, Law S, Shen CY, Yao GQ, Zhang XQ, Li J, Chen GF, Xu B, Liu XM, Ma XY, Feng K, Liu PZ. Prefrontal cortex alterations in major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and their comorbidity during a verbal fluency task assessed by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychiatry Res 2021; 306:114229. [PMID: 34749225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are frequently comorbid with each other, and both associated with substantial cognitive impairments; however, it is still unclear whether their impairments are neurobiologically similar or distinct. This study aims to investigate the cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in patients with MDD and GAD during the verbal fluency task (VFT) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Fifty-two patients with MDD, fifty-one patients with GAD, fifty-two patients with the comorbidity of MDD and GAD (CMG), and forty-seven healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Significant hypoactivation in the left ventrolateral and the left dorsolateral PFC was common in all patient groups when compared to HCs, suggesting a shared etiology. Furthermore, MDD patients showed significant hypoactivation at the right frontal pole cortex (FPoC) when compared to HCs and significant hypoactivation at the middle FPoC when compared to the CMG patients. Our work is the first fNIRS study to reveal the shared and unique neurobiological profiles of MDD, GAD and their comorbidity under the same standard experimentation condition, suggesting fNIRS holds promise as an adjutant to assist clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chen-Yu Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Qun Yao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Ma
- Beijing Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Po-Zi Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Sander K, Barbeau EB, Chai X, Kousaie S, Petrides M, Baum S, Klein D. Frontoparietal Anatomical Connectivity Predicts Second Language Learning Success. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2602-2610. [PMID: 34607363 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable individual variability in second language (L2) learning abilities in adulthood. The inferior parietal lobule, important in L2 learning success, is anatomically connected to language areas in the frontal lobe via the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). The second and third branches of the SLF (SLF II and III) have not been examined separately in the context of language, yet they are known to have dissociable frontoparietal connections. Studying these pathways and their functional contributions to L2 learning is thus of great interest. Using diffusion MRI tractography, we investigated individuals undergoing language training to explore brain structural predictors of L2 learning success. We dissected SLF II and III using gold-standard anatomical definitions and related prelearning white matter integrity to language improvements corresponding with hypothesized tract functions. SLF II properties predicted improvement in lexical retrieval, while SLF III properties predicted improvement in articulation rate. Finer grained separation of these pathways enables better understanding of their distinct roles in language, which is essential for studying how anatomical connectivity relates to L2 learning abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Sander
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Elise B Barbeau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Shanna Kousaie
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Shari Baum
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Denise Klein
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
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22
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Unger N, Heim S, Hilger DI, Bludau S, Pieperhoff P, Cichon S, Amunts K, Mühleisen TW. Identification of Phonology-Related Genes and Functional Characterization of Broca's and Wernicke's Regions in Language and Learning Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680762. [PMID: 34539327 PMCID: PMC8446646 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired phonological processing is a leading symptom of multifactorial language and learning disorders suggesting a common biological basis. Here we evaluated studies of dyslexia, dyscalculia, specific language impairment (SLI), and the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) seeking for shared risk genes in Broca's and Wernicke's regions, being key for phonological processing within the complex language network. The identified "phonology-related genes" from literature were functionally characterized using Atlas-based expression mapping (JuGEx) and gene set enrichment. Out of 643 publications from the last decade until now, we extracted 21 candidate genes of which 13 overlapped with dyslexia and SLI, six with dyslexia and dyscalculia, and two with dyslexia, dyscalculia, and SLI. No overlap was observed between the childhood disorders and the late-onset lvPPA often showing symptoms of learning disorders earlier in life. Multiple genes were enriched in Gene Ontology terms of the topics learning (CNTNAP2, CYFIP1, DCDC2, DNAAF4, FOXP2) and neuronal development (CCDC136, CNTNAP2, CYFIP1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, RBFOX2, ROBO1). Twelve genes showed above-average expression across both regions indicating moderate-to-high gene activity in the investigated cortical part of the language network. Of these, three genes were differentially expressed suggesting potential regional specializations: ATP2C2 was upregulated in Broca's region, while DNAAF4 and FOXP2 were upregulated in Wernicke's region. ATP2C2 encodes a magnesium-dependent calcium transporter which fits with reports about disturbed calcium and magnesium levels for dyslexia and other communication disorders. DNAAF4 (formerly known as DYX1C1) is involved in neuronal migration supporting the hypothesis of disturbed migration in dyslexia. FOXP2 is a transcription factor that regulates a number of genes involved in development of speech and language. Overall, our interdisciplinary and multi-tiered approach provided evidence that genetic and transcriptional variation of ATP2C2, DNAAF4, and FOXP2 may play a role in physiological and pathological aspects of phonological processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Unger
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heim
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominique I. Hilger
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Pieperhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Brain, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Wehbe L, Blank IA, Shain C, Futrell R, Levy R, von der Malsburg T, Smith N, Gibson E, Fedorenko E. Incremental Language Comprehension Difficulty Predicts Activity in the Language Network but Not the Multiple Demand Network. Cereb Cortex 2021. [PMID: 33895807 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.043844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
What role do domain-general executive functions play in human language comprehension? To address this question, we examine the relationship between behavioral measures of comprehension and neural activity in the domain-general "multiple demand" (MD) network, which has been linked to constructs like attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and selection, and implicated in diverse goal-directed behaviors. Specifically, functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during naturalistic story listening are compared with theory-neutral measures of online comprehension difficulty and incremental processing load (reading times and eye-fixation durations). Critically, to ensure that variance in these measures is driven by features of the linguistic stimulus rather than reflecting participant- or trial-level variability, the neuroimaging and behavioral datasets were collected in nonoverlapping samples. We find no behavioral-neural link in functionally localized MD regions; instead, this link is found in the domain-specific, fronto-temporal "core language network," in both left-hemispheric areas and their right hemispheric homotopic areas. These results argue against strong involvement of domain-general executive circuits in language comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Wehbe
- Carnegie Mellon University, Machine Learning Department PA 15213, USA
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology CA 90095, USA
| | - Cory Shain
- Ohio State University, Department of Linguistics OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard Futrell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA
- University of California Irvine, Department of Linguistics CA 92697, USA
| | - Roger Levy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Linguistics CA 92161, USA
| | - Titus von der Malsburg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Linguistics, 70049 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Smith
- University of California San Diego, Department of Linguistics CA 92161, USA
| | - Edward Gibson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMA 02139, USA
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24
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Wehbe L, Blank IA, Shain C, Futrell R, Levy R, von der Malsburg T, Smith N, Gibson E, Fedorenko E. Incremental Language Comprehension Difficulty Predicts Activity in the Language Network but Not the Multiple Demand Network. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4006-4023. [PMID: 33895807 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
What role do domain-general executive functions play in human language comprehension? To address this question, we examine the relationship between behavioral measures of comprehension and neural activity in the domain-general "multiple demand" (MD) network, which has been linked to constructs like attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and selection, and implicated in diverse goal-directed behaviors. Specifically, functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during naturalistic story listening are compared with theory-neutral measures of online comprehension difficulty and incremental processing load (reading times and eye-fixation durations). Critically, to ensure that variance in these measures is driven by features of the linguistic stimulus rather than reflecting participant- or trial-level variability, the neuroimaging and behavioral datasets were collected in nonoverlapping samples. We find no behavioral-neural link in functionally localized MD regions; instead, this link is found in the domain-specific, fronto-temporal "core language network," in both left-hemispheric areas and their right hemispheric homotopic areas. These results argue against strong involvement of domain-general executive circuits in language comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Wehbe
- Carnegie Mellon University, Machine Learning Department PA 15213, USA
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA.,University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology CA 90095, USA
| | - Cory Shain
- Ohio State University, Department of Linguistics OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard Futrell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA.,University of California Irvine, Department of Linguistics CA 92697, USA
| | - Roger Levy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA.,University of California San Diego, Department of Linguistics CA 92161, USA
| | - Titus von der Malsburg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA.,University of Stuttgart, Institute of Linguistics, 70049 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Smith
- University of California San Diego, Department of Linguistics CA 92161, USA
| | - Edward Gibson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MA 02139, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMA 02139, USA
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25
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Sprung-Much T, Petrides M. Morphology and Spatial Probability Maps of the Horizontal Ascending Ramus of the Lateral Fissure. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1586-1602. [PMID: 31667522 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral fissure (half) is a characteristic sulcus of the ventrolateral frontal cortex that forms the morphological boundary between the pars triangularis and the pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus. The present study examined the morphology of this sulcus to provide a means of identifying it accurately with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxels within the half were labeled in 50 in vivo MRI volumes (1.5 T) that had been linearly registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute stereotaxic space and the morphology of the half was categorized based on relations with neighboring sulci. The spatial variability and extent of the half were then quantified across subjects using volumetric (MINC Toolkit) and surface (FreeSurfer) spatial probability maps. The half could be identified in 95% of hemispheres, and the main morphological patterns were classified into three categories: Types I, II, and III. There were no statistically significant interhemispheric differences in the frequency of the half or its morphological patterns. Understanding the details of the sulcal morphology of this ventrolateral region is critical for an accurate interpretation of the location of activation peaks generated in functional neuroimaging studies investigating language, working memory, and other cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisanna Sprung-Much
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1G1
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1G1
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26
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Gonzalez MR, Baaré WFC, Hagler DJ, Archibald S, Vestergaard M, Madsen KS. Brain structure associations with phonemic and semantic fluency in typically-developing children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 50:100982. [PMID: 34171560 PMCID: PMC8242963 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbal fluency is the ability to retrieve lexical knowledge quickly and efficiently and develops during childhood and adolescence. Few studies have investigated associations between verbal fluency performance and brain structural variation in children. Here we examined associations of verbal fluency performance with structural measures of frontal and temporal language-related brain regions and their connections in 73 typically-developing children aged 7-13 years. Tract-based spatial statistics was used to extract fractional anisotropy (FA) from the superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus (SLF/AF), and the white matter underlying frontal and temporal language-related regions. FreeSurfer was used to extract cortical thickness and surface area. Better semantic and phonemic fluency performance was associated with higher right SLF/AF FA, and phonemic fluency was also modestly associated with lower left SLF/AF FA. Explorative voxelwise analyses for semantic fluency suggested associations with FA in other fiber tracts, including corpus callosum and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Overall, our results suggest that verbal fluency performance in children may rely on right hemisphere structures, possibly involving both language and executive function networks, and less on solely left hemisphere structures as often is observed in adults. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify whether these associations are mediated by maturational processes, stable characteristics and/or experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah Archibald
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Ny Østergade 12, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, DK-2200, Copenhagen N., Denmark.
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27
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Adaptation of a semantic picture-word interference paradigm for future language mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A behavioural study. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113418. [PMID: 34153427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) helps to identify language-related cortical regions prior to brain tumour surgery. We adapted a semantic picture-word interference (PWI) paradigm from psycholinguistics to high-resolution TMS language mapping which prospectively can be used to specifically address the level of semantic processing. In PWI, pictures are presented along with distractor words which facilitate or inhibit the lexical access to the picture name. These modulatory effects of distractors can be annihilated in language-sensitive areas by the inhibitory effects of TMS on language processing. The rationale here is to observe the distractor effect without active stimulation and then to observe presumably its elimination by interference of the TMS stimulation. The special requirements to use PWI in this setting are (1) identifying word material for accelerating reliably naming latencies, choosing (2) the ideal presentation modality, and (3) the appropriate timing of distractor presentation. These are then controlled in real TMS language mapping. To adapt a semantic PWI naming paradigm for TMS application we employed 30 object-pictures in spoken German language. Part-whole associative semantic related or unrelated distractors were presented in two experiments including 15 healthy volunteers each, once auditorily and once visually. Data analysis across the entire stimulus set revealed a trend for facilitation in the visual condition, whereas no effects were observed for auditory distractors. In a sub-set, we found a significant facilitation effect for visual semantic distractors. Thus, with this study we provide a well-controlled item set for future studies implementing effective TMS language mapping applying visual semantic PWI.
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28
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de Aguiar V, Rofes A, Wendt H, Ficek BN, Webster K, Tsapkini K. Treating lexical retrieval using letter fluency and tDCS in primary progressive aphasia: a single-case study. APHASIOLOGY 2021; 36:353-379. [PMID: 38765920 PMCID: PMC11101187 DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2021.1881432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background In early stages, individuals with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) report language symptoms while scoring within norm in formal language tests. Early intervention is important due to the progressive nature of the disease. Method We report a single case study of an individual with logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA). We tested whether letter fluency, used as a therapy task, can improve lexical retrieval when combined with tDCS to either the left inferior-frontal gyrus (IFG) or the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL), administered in two separate therapy phases separated by a wash-out period of three months. Outcomes and results We observed increases in number of words retrieved during a letter fluency task in trained and untrained letters, when letter fluency therapy (LeFT) was administered with anodal tDCS. When LeFT was combined with left IFG stimulation, words produced in a letter fluency task were lower frequency and higher age of acquisition after treatment, compared to before treatment and there was also an increase in accuracy and response times in an untrained picture-naming task. Conclusions The results indicate that letter fluency therapy combined anodal tDCS is effective in improving lexical retrieval, particularly when left IFG stimulation was used. Effects generalize beyond the trained task, albeit slowing down of responses in picture naming. This task may provide a useful clinical intervention strategy for patients with mild anomia, who are not challenged enough by traditional naming therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia de Aguiar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen
| | - Adrià Rofes
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Haley Wendt
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine
| | | | - Kimberly Webster
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine
| | - Kyrana Tsapkini
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine
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29
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Sugimoto H, Kawagoe T, Otake-Matsuura M. Characteristics of resting-state functional connectivity in older adults after the PICMOR intervention program: a preliminary report. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:486. [PMID: 33218309 PMCID: PMC7678164 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to provide a basis for future research examining the neural mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effect of an intervention program, Photo-Integrated Conversation Moderated by Robots (PICMOR), on verbal fluency in older adults as identified in our previous randomized controlled trial. In this preliminary report, we conducted an additional experiment using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) after the intervention period. Specifically, we investigated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) characteristics of the intervention group (INT) compared to the control group (CONT). METHODS rsfMRI data were acquired from 31 and 30 participants in INT and CONT, respectively, after the intervention. In the analyses, two of the most important regions in verbal fluency, the left inferior and middle frontal gyri, were selected as seed regions, and the rsFCs were compared between groups. We also conducted regression analyses for rsFCs using the difference in individual phonemic verbal fluency task (PVFT) scores between the pre- and post-intervention periods (i.e., post- minus pre-intervention) as an independent variable. RESULTS We found higher rsFC in INT than in CONT between the left inferior frontal gyrus as a seed region and the temporal pole and middle frontal gyrus. The rsFC strength between the left inferior frontal gyrus and temporal pole positively correlated with an increased PVFT score between the pre- and post-intervention periods. In contrast, we found lower rsFC in INT than in CONT between the left middle frontal gyrus as a seed region and the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and postcentral gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the beneficial intervention effect of PICMOR on verbal fluency is characterized by enhanced rsFC of the left inferior frontal gyrus with semantic and executive control-related regions and suppressed rsFC between the left middle frontal gyrus and posterior cortical midline structures. No definitive conclusions can be made because of a lack of rsfMRI data before the intervention. However, this pilot study provides the candidates for rsFCs, reflecting the beneficial effects of PICMOR on the brain network involved in verbal fluency. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ( UMIN000036667 ) (May 7th, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 15th floor, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan.
| | - Toshikazu Kawagoe
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 15th floor, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
- Department of Psychology, College of Contemporary Psychology, Rikkyo University, 1-2-26, Kitano, Niiza City, Saitama, 352-8558, Japan
| | - Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 15th floor, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
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30
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Devrimci-Ozguven H, Hosgoren Alıcı Y, Demirbugen Oz M, Suzen HS, Kale HE, Baskak B. The role of COMT polymorphism in modulation of prefrontal activity during verbal fluency in bipolar disorder. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135310. [PMID: 32822765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verbal fluency (VF) impairment is a strong predictor of social functioning in bipolar disorder (BPD). The enzyme catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) has a critical role in cognitive responses by modulating dopaminergic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we investigated the role of COMT polymorphism (i) in VF performance as well as (ii) in modulation of PFC activity during a VF-task in euthymic BPD patients. METHODS 30 subjects with remitted BPD-I and 23 healthy controls (HCs) were genotyped for COMT Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism and were compared in a VF-task. PFC activity was measured by 24-Channel Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. RESULTS Bipolar subjects displayed lower VF performance than HCs. During the VF-task, BPD-group displayed higher activity than HCs in the Brocca's area, Premotor-cortex and supplementary motor area (SMA). In the index group, Val/Met polymorphism was associated with higher activity in the left- frontopolar and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) during the VF-task. LIMITATIONS Antipsychotic use may have interfered with the results. CONCLUSIONS Increased activity in the Brocca's area may represent compensation of low VF performance, whereas hyperactivity in premotor-cortex and SMA may be associated with increased behavioral intention and/or restlessness in BPD. Higher activity in left-frontopolar and DLPC among Val/Met individuals compared to Met-homozygotes may represent less effective prefrontal dopaminergic signaling in Val/Met individuals with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Demirbugen Oz
- Ankara University, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H S Suzen
- Ankara University, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H E Kale
- Ankara University, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Baskak
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Fedorenko E, Blank IA, Siegelman M, Mineroff Z. Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network. Cognition 2020; 203:104348. [PMID: 32569894 DOI: 10.1101/477851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Siegelman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zachary Mineroff
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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32
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Fedorenko E, Blank IA, Siegelman M, Mineroff Z. Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network. Cognition 2020; 203:104348. [PMID: 32569894 PMCID: PMC7483589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Siegelman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zachary Mineroff
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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33
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Graïc JM, Peruffo A, Corain L, Centelleghe C, Granato A, Zanellato E, Cozzi B. Asymmetry in the Cytoarchitecture of the Area 44 Homolog of the Brain of the Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:55. [PMID: 32973465 PMCID: PMC7471632 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the brain in apes and man followed a joint pathway stemming from common ancestors 5-10 million years ago. However, although apparently sharing similar organization and neurochemical properties, association areas of the isocortex remain one of the cornerstones of what sets humans aside from other primates. Brodmann's area 44, the area of Broca, is known for its implication in speech, and thus indirectly is a key mark of human uniqueness. This latero-caudal part of the frontal lobe shows a marked functional asymmetry in humans, and takes part in other complex functions, including learning and imitation, tool use, music and contains the mirror neuron system (MNS). Since the main features in the cytoarchitecture of Broca's area remains relatively constant in hominids, including in our closest relative, the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes, investigations on the finer structure, cellular organization, connectivity and eventual asymmetry of area 44 have a direct bearing on the understanding of the neural mechanisms at the base of our language. The semi-automated image analysis technology that we employed in the current study showed that the structure of the cortical layers of the chimpanzee contains elements of asymmetry that are discussed in relation to the corresponding human areas and the putative resulting disparity of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Graïc
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Peruffo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Corain
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Granato
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanellato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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34
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Mousavi N, Nazari MA, Babapour J, Jahan A. Electroencephalographic characteristics of word finding during phonological and semantic verbal fluency tasks. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:254-261. [PMID: 32757253 PMCID: PMC7722674 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Verbal Fluency is sensitive to brain damage and is employed to assess language abilities like the size of vocabulary and the semantic‐lexical networks’ integrity and executive functioning abilities particularly inhibition, working memory, and self‐monitoring. Various studies revealed oscillatory changes related to word retrieval during different tasks. However, there are not enough studies on electroencephalographic characteristics of word retrieval routes (phonological or semantic pathway) during free recall. The purpose of our study was to investigate electroencephalography power relationship with semantic and phonological word finding routes during verbal fluency. Methods In this within‐subject study, the electroencephalography of 20 healthy participants was recorded during written category and letter fluency tasks and compared with the rest state. Absolute power of the signals in delta (1‐3.5 Hz), theta (4‐7.5 Hz), alpha (8‐12 Hz), and beta (12.5‐30 Hz) was calculated in three lobes (frontal, parietal, and temporal). Results A repeated measures ANOVA showed significant interaction of condition × lobe × frequency × side (P < .001). Post hoc test for each lobe showed significant changes in the absolute power of delta, theta and beta for frontal, delta and theta for parietal, and theta and beta for temporal lobes (P‐values < .05). Conclusion Searching the words by phonological entries is associated with decreased beta and increased theta in left frontal lobe. These changes are not necessary for semantic word retrieval strategy. Word retrieval either by phonological entries or semantic categories is accompanied by increased delta in frontal and parietal lobes. Decreased beta and increased theta bands in the left frontal lobe are associated with phonological word retrieval strategy while during semantic word finding, increased beta was observed in the left temporal lobe.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Najva Mousavi
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jalil Babapour
- Psychology Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jahan
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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35
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Dematties D, Rizzi S, Thiruvathukal GK, Pérez MD, Wainselboim A, Zanutto BS. A Computational Theory for the Emergence of Grammatical Categories in Cortical Dynamics. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:12. [PMID: 32372918 PMCID: PMC7179825 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A general agreement in psycholinguistics claims that syntax and meaning are unified precisely and very quickly during online sentence processing. Although several theories have advanced arguments regarding the neurocomputational bases of this phenomenon, we argue that these theories could potentially benefit by including neurophysiological data concerning cortical dynamics constraints in brain tissue. In addition, some theories promote the integration of complex optimization methods in neural tissue. In this paper we attempt to fill these gaps introducing a computational model inspired in the dynamics of cortical tissue. In our modeling approach, proximal afferent dendrites produce stochastic cellular activations, while distal dendritic branches–on the other hand–contribute independently to somatic depolarization by means of dendritic spikes, and finally, prediction failures produce massive firing events preventing formation of sparse distributed representations. The model presented in this paper combines semantic and coarse-grained syntactic constraints for each word in a sentence context until grammatically related word function discrimination emerges spontaneously by the sole correlation of lexical information from different sources without applying complex optimization methods. By means of support vector machine techniques, we show that the sparse activation features returned by our approach are well suited—bootstrapping from the features returned by Word Embedding mechanisms—to accomplish grammatical function classification of individual words in a sentence. In this way we develop a biologically guided computational explanation for linguistically relevant unification processes in cortex which connects psycholinguistics to neurobiological accounts of language. We also claim that the computational hypotheses established in this research could foster future work on biologically-inspired learning algorithms for natural language processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Dematties
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvio Rizzi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - George K Thiruvathukal
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States.,Computer Science Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mauricio David Pérez
- Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Wainselboim
- Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Mendoza, Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - B Silvano Zanutto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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36
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Creyaufmüller M, Heim S, Habel U, Mühlhaus J. The influence of semantic associations on sentence production in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:359-372. [PMID: 30094543 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most prominent symptoms of schizophrenia is thought disorder, which manifests itself in language production difficulties. In patients with thought disorders the associations are loosened and sentence production is impaired. The determining behavioral and neural mechanisms of sentence production are still an important subject of recent research and have not yet been fully understood. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of associative relations and distractor modalities on sentence production in healthy participants and participants with schizophrenia. Therefore, reaction times and neural activation of 12 healthy subjects and 13 subjects with schizophrenia were compared in an adapted picture word interference paradigm (PWI). No significant group differences were found, neither on the behavioral nor on the neural level. On the behavioral level, for the entire group incremental sentence processing was found, i.e. processing of the second noun only starts after the first noun was processed. At the neural level, activation was discovered in the bilateral caudate nuclei and the cerebellum. Those activations could be related to response enhancement and suppression as well as to the modulation of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Creyaufmüller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany. .,AG Neuroanatomy of Language, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brand-Straße 5, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juliane Mühlhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Speech and Language Therapy, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, Germany
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37
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Battistella G, Borghesani V, Henry M, Shwe W, Lauricella M, Miller Z, Deleon J, Miller BL, Dronkers N, Brambati SM, Seeley WW, Mandelli ML, Gorno-Tempini ML. Task-Free Functional Language Networks: Reproducibility and Clinical Application. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1311-1320. [PMID: 31852732 PMCID: PMC7002153 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1485-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) identified through task-free fMRI (tf-fMRI) offer the opportunity to investigate human brain circuits involved in language processes without requiring participants to perform challenging cognitive tasks. In this study, we assessed the ability of tf-fMRI to isolate reproducible networks critical for specific language functions and often damaged in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). First, we performed whole-brain seed-based correlation analyses on tf-fMRI data to identify ICNs anchored in regions known for articulatory, phonological, and semantic processes in healthy male and female controls (HCs). We then evaluated the reproducibility of these ICNs in an independent cohort of HCs, and recapitulated their functional relevance with a post hoc meta-analysis on task-based fMRI. Last, we investigated whether atrophy in these ICNs could inform the differential diagnosis of nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, and logopenic PPA variants. The identified ICNs included a dorsal articulatory-phonological network involving inferior frontal and supramarginal regions; a ventral semantic network involving anterior middle temporal and angular gyri; a speech perception network involving superior temporal and sensorimotor regions; and a network between posterior inferior temporal and intraparietal regions likely linking visual, phonological, and attentional processes for written language. These ICNs were highly reproducible across independent groups and revealed areas consistent with those emerging from task-based meta-analysis. By comparing ICNs' spatial distribution in HCs with patients' atrophy patterns, we identified ICNs associated with each PPA variant. Our findings demonstrate the potential use of tf-fMRI to investigate the functional status of language networks in patients for whom activation studies can be methodologically challenging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We showed that a single, short, task-free fMRI acquisition is able to identify four reproducible and relatively segregated intrinsic left-dominant networks associated with articulatory, phonological, semantic, and multimodal orthography-to-phonology processes, in HCs. We also showed that these intrinsic networks relate to syndrome-specific atrophy patterns in primary progressive aphasia. Collectively, our results support the application of task-free fMRI in future research to study functionality of language circuits in patients for whom tasked-based activation studies might be methodologically challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battistella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158,
| | - Valentina Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Maya Henry
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Wendy Shwe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Michael Lauricella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Zachary Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Nina Dronkers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and
| | - Simona M Brambati
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
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38
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Cipolotti L, Molenberghs P, Dominguez J, Smith N, Smirni D, Xu T, Shallice T, Chan E. Fluency and rule breaking behaviour in the frontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2020; 137:107308. [PMID: 31866432 PMCID: PMC6996283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Design (DF) and phonemic fluency tests (FAS; D-KEFS, 2001) are commonly used to investigate voluntary generation. Despite this, several important issues remain poorly investigated. In a sizeable sample of patients with focal left or right frontal lesion we established that voluntary generation performance cannot be accounted for by fluid intelligence. For DF we found patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls (HC) only on the switch condition. However, no significant difference between left and right frontal patients was found. In contrast, left frontal patients were significantly impaired when compared with HC and right frontal patients on FAS. These lateralization findings were complemented, for the first time, by three neuroimaging; investigations. A traditional frontal subgrouping method found significant differences on FAS between patients with or without Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus lesions involving BA 44 and/or 45. Parcel Based Lesion Symptom Mapping (PLSM) found lower scores on FAS were significantly associated with damage to posterior Left Middle Frontal Gyrus. An increase in rule break errors, so far only anecdotally reported, was associated with damage to the left dorsal anterior cingulate and left body of the corpus callosum, supporting the idea that conflict resolution and monitoring impairments may play a role. Tractwise statistical analysis (TSA) revealed that patients with disconnection; in the left anterior thalamic projections, frontal aslant tract, frontal; orbitopolar tract, pons, superior longitudinal fasciculus I and II performed significantly worse than patients without disconnection in these tracts on FAS. In contrast, PLSM and TSA analyses did not reveal any significant relationship between lesion location and performance on the DF switch condition. Overall, these findings suggest DF may have limited utility as a tool in detecting lateralized frontal executive dysfunction, whereas FAS and rule break behavior appears to be linked to a set of well localized left frontal grey matter regions and white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cipolotti
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | | | - Juan Dominguez
- School of Psychology and Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Nicola Smith
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Daniela Smirni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tim Shallice
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Edgar Chan
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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39
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Aubinet C, Cassol H, Gosseries O, Bahri MA, Larroque SK, Majerus S, Martial C, Martens G, Carrière M, Chatelle C, Laureys S, Thibaut A. Brain Metabolism but Not Gray Matter Volume Underlies the Presence of Language Function in the Minimally Conscious State (MCS): MCS+ Versus MCS- Neuroimaging Differences. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:172-184. [PMID: 31971884 DOI: 10.1177/1545968319899914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The minimally conscious state (MCS) is subcategorized into MCS- and MCS+, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of high-level behavioral responses such as command-following. Objective. We aim to investigate the functional and structural neuroanatomy underlying the presence of these responses in MCS- and MCS+ patients. Methods. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, chronic MCS patients were diagnosed using repeated Coma Recovery Scale-Revised assessments. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography data were acquired on 57 patients (16 MCS-; 41 MCS+) and magnetic resonance imaging with voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed on 66 patients (17 MCS-; 49 MCS+). Brain glucose metabolism and gray matter integrity were compared between patient groups and control groups. A metabolic functional connectivity analysis testing the hypothesis of preserved language network in MCS+ compared with MCS- was also done. Results. Patients in MCS+ presented higher metabolism mainly in the left middle temporal cortex, known to be important for semantic processing, compared with the MCS- group. The left angular gyrus was also functionally disconnected from the left prefrontal cortex in MCS- compared with MCS+ group. No significant differences were found in gray matter volume between patient groups. Conclusions. The clinical subcategorization of MCS is supported by differences in brain metabolism but not in gray matter structure, suggesting that brain function in the language network is the main support for recovery of command-following, intelligible verbalization and/or intentional communication in the MCS. Better characterizing the neural correlates of residual cognitive abilities of MCS patients contributes to reduce their misdiagnosis and to adapt therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Aubinet
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Helena Cassol
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Stephen Karl Larroque
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Steve Majerus
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Martens
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Manon Carrière
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Camille Chatelle
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
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Arfé B, Montanaro M, Mottura E, Scaltritti M, Manara R, Basso G, Sainati L, Colombatti R. Selective Difficulties in Lexical Retrieval and Nonverbal Executive Functioning in Children With HbSS Sickle Cell Disease. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:666-677. [PMID: 29432593 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Language deficits in multilingual children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that selective language deficits in this population could relate to an impaired frontal lobe functioning often associated with high-risk homozygous HbS disease (HbSS). In all, 32 children from immigrant communities with HbSS SCD aged 6 to 12 years (mean age = 9.03, n = 9 with silent infarcts) and 35 demographically matched healthy controls (mean age = 9.14) were tested on their naming skills, phonological and semantic fluency, attention, and selected executive functions (response inhibition and planning skills). Analyses of variance showed significant differences between patients and controls in inhibition and planning (p = .001 and .001), and phonological fluency (p = .004). The poorer performance in phonological fluency of the children with SCD was not associated with any visible brain damage to language areas. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that, whereas the control children's vocabulary knowledge explained their performance in the phonological fluency tasks, only inhibition skills accounted for variance in the performance of the children with SCD. These results suggest a selective impairment of verbal and nonverbal executive functioning (i.e., planning, inhibition, and phonological fluency) in children with SCD, with deficits possibly owing to frontal area hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Arfé
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione-University of Padova
| | - Maria Montanaro
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova
| | - Elena Mottura
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione-University of Padova
| | - Michele Scaltritti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione-University of Padova
| | | | - Giuseppe Basso
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova
| | - Laura Sainati
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova
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41
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Saffarian A, Shavaki YA, Shahidi GA, Jafari Z. Effect of Parkinson Disease on Emotion Perception Using the Persian Affective Voices Test. J Voice 2019; 33:580.e1-580.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Sakreida K, Blume-Schnitzler J, Heim S, Willmes K, Clusmann H, Neuloh G. Phonological picture–word interference in language mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation: an objective approach for functional parcellation of Broca’s region. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2027-2044. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Chernoff BL, Sims MH, Smith SO, Pilcher WH, Mahon BZ. Direct electrical stimulation of the left frontal aslant tract disrupts sentence planning without affecting articulation. Cogn Neuropsychol 2019; 36:178-192. [PMID: 31210568 PMCID: PMC6744286 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1619544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sentence production involves mapping from deep structures that specify meaning and thematic roles to surface structures that specify the order and sequencing of production ready elements. We propose that the frontal aslant tract is a key pathway for sequencing complex actions with deep hierarchical structure. In the domain of language, and primarily with respect to the left FAT, we refer to this as the 'Syntagmatic Constraints On Positional Elements' (SCOPE) hypothesis. One prediction made by the SCOPE hypothesis is that disruption of the frontal aslant tract should disrupt sentence production at grammatical phrase boundaries, with no disruption of articulatory processes. We test this prediction in a patient undergoing direct electrical stimulation mapping of the frontal aslant tract during an awake craniotomy to remove a left frontal brain tumor. We found that stimulation of the left FAT prolonged inter-word durations at the start of grammatical phrases, while inter-word durations internal to noun phrases were unaffected, and there was no effect on intra-word articulatory duration. These results provide initial support for the SCOPE hypothesis, and motivate novel directions for future research to explore the functions of this recently discovered component of the language system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max H. Sims
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Susan O. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Bradford Z. Mahon
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
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44
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Schmidt CSM, Nitschke K, Bormann T, Römer P, Kümmerer D, Martin M, Umarova RM, Leonhart R, Egger K, Dressing A, Musso M, Willmes K, Weiller C, Kaller CP. Dissociating frontal and temporal correlates of phonological and semantic fluency in a large sample of left hemisphere stroke patients. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101840. [PMID: 31108458 PMCID: PMC6526291 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous lesion studies suggest that semantic and phonological fluency are differentially subserved by distinct brain regions in the left temporal and the left frontal cortex, respectively. However, as of yet, this often implied double dissociation has not been explicitly investigated due to mainly two reasons: (i) the lack of sufficiently large samples of brain-lesioned patients that underwent assessment of the two fluency variants and (ii) the lack of tools to assess interactions in factorial analyses of non-normally distributed behavioral data. In addition, previous studies did not control for task resource artifacts potentially introduced by the generally higher task difficulty of phonological compared to semantic fluency. We addressed these issues by task-difficulty adjusted assessment of semantic and phonological fluency in 85 chronic patients with ischemic stroke of the left middle cerebral artery. For classical region-based lesion-behavior mapping patients were grouped with respect to their primary lesion location. Building on the extension of the non-parametric Brunner-Munzel rank-order test to multi-factorial designs, ANOVA-type analyses revealed a significant two-way interaction for cue type (semantic vs. phonological) by lesion location (left temporal vs. left frontal vs. other as stroke control group). Subsequent contrast analyses further confirmed the proposed double dissociation by demonstrating that (i) compared to stroke controls, left temporal lesions led to significant impairments in semantic but not in phonological fluency, whereas left frontal lesions led to significant impairments in phonological but not in semantic fluency, and that (ii) patients with frontal lesions showed significantly poorer performance in phonological than in semantic fluency, whereas patients with temporal lesions showed significantly poorer performance in semantic than in phonological fluency. The anatomical specificity of these findings was further assessed in voxel-based lesion-behavior mapping analyses using the multi-factorial extension of the Brunner-Munzel test. Voxel-wise ANOVA-type analyses identified circumscribed parts of left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior and middle temporal gyrus that significantly double-dissociated with respect to their differential contribution to phonological and semantic fluency, respectively. Furthermore, a main effect of lesion with significant impairments in both fluency types was found in left inferior frontal regions adjacent to but not overlapping with those showing the differential effect for phonological fluency. The present study hence not only provides first explicit evidence for the anatomical double dissociation in verbal fluency at the group level but also clearly underlines that its formulation constitutes an oversimplification as parts of left frontal cortex appear to contribute to both semantic and phonological fluency. Lesion study on neural correlates of phonological and semantic fluency Evidence for dissociable and for overlapping contributions Left superior and middle temporal gyri specifically crucial for semantic fluency Left IFG pars opercularis specifically crucial for phonological fluency Left IFG pars triangularis critical for both semantic and phonological fluency
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S M Schmidt
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Biological and Personality Psychology, Dept. of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Kai Nitschke
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Biological and Personality Psychology, Dept. of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bormann
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Römer
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Kümmerer
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Martin
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roza M Umarova
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Leonhart
- Social Psychology and Methodology, Dept. of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl Egger
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Dept. of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Dressing
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariachristina Musso
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Willmes
- Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Dept. of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
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45
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Klaus J, Hartwigsen G. Dissociating semantic and phonological contributions of the left inferior frontal gyrus to language production. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3279-3287. [PMID: 30969004 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in language production is undisputed, the role of specific subregions at different representational levels remains unclear. Some studies suggest a division of anterior and posterior regions for semantic and phonological processing, respectively. Crucially, evidence thus far only comes from correlative neuroimaging studies, but the functional relevance of the involvement of these subregions during a given task remains elusive. We applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over anterior and posterior IFG (aIFG/pIFG), and vertex as a control site, while participants performed a category member and a rhyme generation task. We found a functional-anatomical double dissociation between tasks and subregions. Naming latencies were significantly delayed in the semantic task when rTMS was applied to aIFG (relative to pIFG and vertex). In contrast, we observed a facilitation of naming latencies in the phonological task when rTMS was applied to pIFG (relative to aIFG and vertex). The results provide first causal evidence for the notion that anterior portions of the IFG are selectively recruited for semantic processing while posterior regions are functionally specific for phonological processing during word production. These findings shed light on the functional parcellation of the left IFG in language production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Klaus
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Research Group Modulation of Language Networks, Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Research Group Modulation of Language Networks, Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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46
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Battistella G, Henry M, Gesierich B, Wilson SM, Borghesani V, Shwe W, Miller Z, Deleon J, Miller BL, Jovicich J, Papinutto N, Dronkers NF, Seeley WW, Mandelli ML, Gorno-Tempini ML. Differential intrinsic functional connectivity changes in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101797. [PMID: 31146321 PMCID: PMC6465769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by semantic memory deficits with relatively preserved motor speech, syntax, and phonology. There is consistent evidence linking focal neurodegeneration of the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) to the semantic deficits observed in svPPA. Less is known about large-scale functional connectivity changes in this syndrome, particularly regarding the interplay between affected and spared language networks that leads to the unique cognitive dissociations typical of svPPA. Using whole-brain, seed-based connectivity on task-free Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data, we studied connectivity of networks anchored to three left-hemisphere regions crucially involved in svPPA symptomatology: ATL just posterior to the main atrophic area, opercular inferior frontal gyrus, and posterior inferior temporal lobe. First, in 32 healthy controls, these seeds isolated three networks: a ventral semantic network involving anterior middle temporal and angular gyri, a dorsal articulatory-phonological system involving inferior frontal and supramarginal regions, and a third functional connection between posterior inferior temporal and intraparietal regions likely involved in linking visual and linguistic processes. We then compared connectivity strength of these three networks between 16 svPPA patients and the 32 controls. In svPPA, decreased functional connectivity in the ventral semantic network correlated with weak semantic skills, while connectivity of the network seeded from the posterior inferior temporal lobe, though not significantly different between the two groups, correlated with pseudoword reading skills. Increased connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior portion of the angular gyrus suggested possible adaptive changes. Our findings have two main implications. First, they support a functional subdivision of the left IPL based on its connectivity to specific language-related regions. Second, the unique neuroanatomical and linguistic profile observed in svPPA provides a compelling model for the functional interplay of these networks, being either up- or down- regulated in response to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battistella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Maya Henry
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Valentina Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wendy Shwe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zachary Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Nico Papinutto
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nina F Dronkers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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47
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Marron TR, Lerner Y, Berant E, Kinreich S, Shapira-Lichter I, Hendler T, Faust M. Chain free association, creativity, and the default mode network. Neuropsychologia 2018; 118:40-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Friedrich P, Anderson C, Schmitz J, Schlüter C, Lor S, Stacho M, Ströckens F, Grimshaw G, Ocklenburg S. Fundamental or forgotten? Is Pierre Paul Broca still relevant in modern neuroscience? Laterality 2018; 24:125-138. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1489827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Friedrich
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Catrona Anderson
- Neural Basis of Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Judith Schmitz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlüter
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lor
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Stacho
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Ströckens
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gina Grimshaw
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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49
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Glanz Iljina O, Derix J, Kaur R, Schulze-Bonhage A, Auer P, Aertsen A, Ball T. Real-life speech production and perception have a shared premotor-cortical substrate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8898. [PMID: 29891885 PMCID: PMC5995900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor-cognitive accounts assume that the articulatory cortex is involved in language comprehension, but previous studies may have observed such an involvement as an artefact of experimental procedures. Here, we employed electrocorticography (ECoG) during natural, non-experimental behavior combined with electrocortical stimulation mapping to study the neural basis of real-life human verbal communication. We took advantage of ECoG’s ability to capture high-gamma activity (70–350 Hz) as a spatially and temporally precise index of cortical activation during unconstrained, naturalistic speech production and perception conditions. Our findings show that an electrostimulation-defined mouth motor region located in the superior ventral premotor cortex is consistently activated during both conditions. This region became active early relative to the onset of speech production and was recruited during speech perception regardless of acoustic background noise. Our study thus pinpoints a shared ventral premotor substrate for real-life speech production and perception with its basic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Glanz Iljina
- GRK 1624 'Frequency Effects in Language', University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Department of German Linguistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Hermann Paul School of Linguistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Translational Neurotechnology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Derix
- Translational Neurotechnology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rajbir Kaur
- Translational Neurotechnology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Auer
- GRK 1624 'Frequency Effects in Language', University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of German Linguistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Hermann Paul School of Linguistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ad Aertsen
- Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tonio Ball
- Translational Neurotechnology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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50
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Repetition of verbal fluency task attenuates the hemodynamic activation in the left prefrontal cortex: Enhancing the clinical usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193994. [PMID: 29561889 PMCID: PMC5862477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In applications of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in clinical psychiatry settings in Japan, a phonemic verbal fluency test (VFT) that includes "switching" (the ability to shift efficiently to a new word subcategory) to assess phonemic fluency is employed to capture disease-specific hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this study, to extend the specific features of this test, the VFT was repeated to examine an activation change in NIRS measurements in 20 healthy males. Without task performance change, the hemodynamic activation induced by the VFT was significantly attenuated in the left PFC through repetition of the task. These findings suggest that the left PFC is involved in processing of the VFT. Further, it may be possible to extend the current VFT using this repetition to provide a more sensitive examination of the left PFC, whose dysfunction has been reported in several psychiatric diseases such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
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