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Hinkley LBN, Haas SS, Cheung SW, Nagarajan SS, Subramaniam K. Reduced neural connectivity in the caudate anterior head predicts hallucination severity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:1-5. [PMID: 37678144 PMCID: PMC10878029 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caudate functional abnormalities have been identified as one critical neural substrate underlying sensory gating impairments that lead to auditory phantom hallucinations in both patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and tinnitus, characterized by the perception of internally generated sounds in the absence of external environmental auditory stimuli. In this study, we tested the hypothesis as to whether functional connectivity abnormalities in distinct caudate subdivisions implicated in sensory gating and auditory phantom percepts in tinnitus, which are currently being localized for neuromodulation targeting using deep brain stimulation techniques, would be associated with auditory phantom hallucination severity in SZ. METHODS Twenty five SZ and twenty eight demographically-matched healthy control (HC) participants, completed this fMRI resting-state study and clinical assessments. RESULTS Between-group seed-to-voxel analyses revealed only one region, the caudate anterior head, which showed reduced functional connectivity with the thalamus that survived whole-brain multiple comparison corrections. Importantly, connectivity between the caudate anterior head with thalamus negatively correlated with hallucination severity. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we deliver the first evidence of caudate subdivision specificity for the neural pathophysiology underlying hallucinations in schizophrenia within a sensory gating framework that has been developed for auditory phantoms in patients with tinnitus. Our findings provide transdiagnostic convergent evidence for the role of the caudate in the gating of auditory phantom hallucinations, observed across patients with SZ and tinnitus by specifying the anterior caudate division is key to mediation of hallucinations, and creating a path towards personalized treatment approaches to arrest auditory phantom hallucinations from reaching perceptual awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton B N Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shalaila S Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steven W Cheung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Surgical Services, San Francisco Veterans Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Karuna Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Jacob MS, Sargent K, Roach BJ, Shamshiri EA, Mathalon DH, Ford JM. The Scanner as the Stimulus: Deficient Gamma-BOLD Coupling in Schizophrenia at Rest. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1364-1374. [PMID: 37098100 PMCID: PMC10483456 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners are unavoidably loud and uncomfortable experimental tools that are necessary for schizophrenia (SZ) neuroscience research. The validity of fMRI paradigms might be undermined by well-known sensory processing abnormalities in SZ that could exert distinct effects on neural activity in the presence of scanner background sound. Given the ubiquity of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) paradigms in SZ research, elucidating the relationship between neural, hemodynamic, and sensory processing deficits during scanning is necessary to refine the construct validity of the MR neuroimaging environment. We recorded simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-fMRI at rest in people with SZ (n = 57) and healthy control participants without a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 46) and identified gamma EEG activity in the same frequency range as the background sounds emitted from our scanner during a resting-state sequence. In participants with SZ, gamma coupling to the hemodynamic signal was reduced in bilateral auditory regions of the superior temporal gyri. Impaired gamma-hemodynamic coupling was associated with sensory gating deficits and worse symptom severity. Fundamental sensory-neural processing deficits in SZ are present at rest when considering scanner background sound as a "stimulus." This finding may impact the interpretation of rs-fMRI activity in studies of people with SZ. Future neuroimaging research in SZ might consider background sound as a confounding variable, potentially related to fluctuations in neural excitability and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Jacob
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaia Sargent
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Brian J Roach
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Elhum A Shamshiri
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Santos-Carrasco D, De la Casa LG. Prepulse inhibition deficit as a transdiagnostic process in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:226. [PMID: 37550772 PMCID: PMC10408198 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathological research is moving from a specific approach towards transdiagnosis through the analysis of processes that appear transversally to multiple pathologies. A phenomenon disrupted in several disorders is prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, in which startle to an intense sensory stimulus, or pulse, is reduced if a weak stimulus, or prepulse, is previously presented. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The present systematic review analyzed the role of PPI deficit as a possible transdiagnostic process for four main groups of neuropsychiatric disorders: (1) trauma-, stress-, and anxiety-related disorders (2) mood-related disorders, (3) neurocognitive disorders, and (4) other disorders such as obsessive-compulsive, tic-related, and substance use disorders. We used Web of Science, PubMed and PsycInfo databases to search for experimental case-control articles that were analyzed both qualitatively and based on their potential risk of bias. A total of 64 studies were included in this systematic review. Protocol was submitted prospectively to PROSPERO 04/30/2022 (CRD42022322031). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results showed a general PPI deficit in the diagnostic groups mentioned, with associated deficits in the dopaminergic neurotransmission system, several areas implied such as the medial prefrontal cortex or the amygdala, and related variables such as cognitive deficits and anxiety symptoms. It can be concluded that the PPI deficit appears across most of the neuropsychiatric disorders examined, and it could be considered as a relevant measure in translational research for the early detection of such disorders.
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Zong X, Wu K, Li L, Zhang J, Ma S, Kang L, Zhang N, Lv L, Sang D, Weng S, Chen H, Zheng J, Hu M. Striatum-related spontaneous coactivation patterns predict treatment response on positive symptoms of drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia with risperidone monotherapy. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1093030. [PMID: 37009110 PMCID: PMC10050338 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1093030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEvidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of schizophrenia suggests that interindividual variation in the stationary striatal functional circuit may be correlated with antipsychotic treatment response. However, little is known about the role of the dynamic striatum-related network in predicting patients’ clinical improvement. The spontaneous coactivation pattern (CAP) technique has recently been found to be important for elucidating the non-stationary nature of functional brain networks.MethodsForty-two drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients underwent fMRI and T1W imaging before and after 8 weeks of risperidone monotherapy. The striatum was divided into 3 subregions, including the putamen, pallidum, and caudate. Spontaneous CAPs and CAP states were utilized to measure the dynamic characteristics of brain networks. We used DPARSF and Dynamic Brain Connectome software to analyze each subregion-related CAP and CAP state for each group and then compared the between-group differences in the neural network biomarkers. We used Pearson’s correlation analysis to determine the associations between the neuroimaging measurements with between-group differences and the improvement in patients’ psychopathological symptoms.ResultsIn the putamen-related CAPs, patients showed significantly increased intensity in the bilateral thalamus, bilateral supplementary motor areas, bilateral medial, and paracingulate gyrus, left paracentral lobule, left medial superior frontal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate gyrus compared with healthy controls. After treatment, thalamic signals in the putamen-related CAP 1 showed a significant increase, while the signals of the medial and paracingulate gyrus in the putamen-related CAP 3 revealed a significant decrease. The increase in thalamic signal intensity in the putamen-related CAP 1 was significantly and positively correlated with the percentage reduction in PANSS_P.ConclusionThis study is the first to combine striatal CAPs and fMRI to explore treatment response-related biomarkers in the early phase of schizophrenia. Our findings suggest that dynamic changes in CAP states in the putamen-thalamus circuit may be potential biomarkers for predicting patients’ variation in the short-term treatment response of positive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Wu
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangbo Zhang
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Deen Sang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shenhong Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenhong Weng,
| | - Huafu Chen
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Huafu Chen,
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Junjie Zheng,
| | - Maolin Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Maolin Hu,
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Soldatelli M, Franco ÁDO, Picon F, Duarte JÁ, Scherer R, Bandeira J, Zortea M, Torres ILDS, Fregni F, Caumo W. Primary somatosensory cortex and periaqueductal gray functional connectivity as a marker of the dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system in fibromyalgia. Korean J Pain 2023; 36:113-127. [PMID: 36581601 PMCID: PMC9812696 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.22225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) may aid in understanding the link between pain-modulating brain regions and the descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) in fibromyalgia (FM). This study investigated whether the differences in rs-FC of the primary somatosensory cortex in responders and non-responders to the conditioned pain modulation test (CPM-test) are related to pain, sleep quality, central sensitization, and the impact of FM on quality of life. Methods This cross-sectional study included 33 females with FM. rs-FC was assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Change in the numerical pain scale during the CPM-test assessed the DPMS function. Subjects were classified either as non-responders (i.e., DPMS dysfunction, n = 13) or responders (n = 20) to CPM-test. A generalized linear model (GLM) and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to check the accuracy of the rs-FC to differentiate each group. Results Non-responders showed a decreased rs-FC between the left somatosensory cortex (S1) and the periaqueductal gray (PAG) (P < 0.001). The GLM analysis revealed that the S1-PAG rs-FC in the left-brain hemisphere was positively correlated with a central sensitization symptom and negatively correlated with sleep quality and pain scores. ROC curve analysis showed that left S1-PAG rs-FC offers a sensitivity and specificity of 85% or higher (area under the curve, 0.78, 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.94) to discriminate who does/does not respond to the CPM-test. Conclusions These results support using the rs-FC patterns in the left S1-PAG as a marker for predicting CPM-test response, which may aid in treatment individualization in FM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Soldatelli
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Álvaro de Oliveira Franco
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Picon
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient Program, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ávila Duarte
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Scherer
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Janete Bandeira
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maxciel Zortea
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Laboratory of Pharmacology in Pain and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Investigations, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Pain and Palliative Care Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pain and Palliative Care Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Physics and Rehabilitation Department, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Reduced intrinsic neural timescales in schizophrenia along posterior parietal and occipital areas. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:55. [PMID: 34811376 PMCID: PMC8608811 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We computed intrinsic neural timescales (INT) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data of healthy controls (HC) and patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) from three independently collected samples. Five clusters showed decreased INT in SZ compared to HC in all three samples: right occipital fusiform gyrus (rOFG), left superior occipital gyrus (lSOG), right superior occipital gyrus (rSOG), left lateral occipital cortex (lLOC) and right postcentral gyrus (rPG). In other words, it appears that sensory information in visual and posterior parietal areas is stored for reduced lengths of time in SZ compared to HC. Finally, we found that symptom severity appears to modulate INT of these areas in SZ.
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Naysmith LF, Kumari V, Williams SCR. Neural mapping of prepulse-induced startle reflex modulation as indices of sensory information processing in healthy and clinical populations: A systematic review. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5495-5518. [PMID: 34414633 PMCID: PMC8519869 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Startle reflex is modulated when a weaker sensory stimulus ("prepulse") precedes a startling stimulus ("pulse"). Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex (prepulse precedes pulse by 30-500 ms), whereas Prepulse Facilitation (PPF) is the enhancement of the startle reflex (prepulse precedes pulse by 500-6000 ms). Here, we critically appraise human studies using functional neuroimaging to establish brain regions associated with PPI and PPF. Of 10 studies, nine studies revealed thalamic, striatal and frontal lobe activation during PPI in healthy groups, and activation deficits in the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuitry in schizophrenia (three studies) and Tourette Syndrome (two studies). One study revealed a shared network for PPI and PPF in frontal regions and cerebellum, with PPF networks recruiting superior medial gyrus and cingulate cortex. The main gaps in the literature are (i) limited PPF research and whether PPI and PPF operate on separate/shared networks, (ii) no data on sex differences in neural underpinnings of PPI and PPF, and (iii) no data on neural underpinnings of PPI and PPF in other clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F. Naysmith
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of HealthMedicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University LondonUK
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Schizophrenia-associated LRRTM1 regulates cognitive behavior through controlling synaptic function in the mediodorsal thalamus. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6912-6925. [PMID: 33981006 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activity of the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and abnormal functional connectivity of the MD with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) cause cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. However, the molecular basis of MD hypofunction in schizophrenia is not known. Here, we identified leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 1 (LRRTM1), a postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule, as a key regulator of excitatory synaptic function and excitation-inhibition balance in the MD. LRRTM1 is strongly associated with schizophrenia and is highly expressed in the thalamus. Conditional deletion of Lrrtm1 in the MD in adult mice reduced excitatory synaptic function and caused a parallel reduction in the afferent synaptic activity of the PFC, which was reversed by the reintroduction of LRRTM1 in the MD. Our results indicate that chronic reduction of synaptic strength in the MD by targeted deletion of Lrrtm1 functionally disengages the MD from the PFC and may account for cognitive, social, and sensorimotor gating deficits, reminiscent of schizophrenia.
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Zarnowski O, Ziton S, Holmberg R, Musto S, Riegle S, Van Antwerp E, Santos-Nunez G. Functional MRI findings in personality disorders: A review. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:1049-1066. [PMID: 34468063 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders (PDs) have a prevalence of approximately 10% in the United States, translating to over 30 million people affected in just one country. The true prevalence of these disorders may be even higher, as the paucity of objective diagnostic criteria could be leading to underdiagnosis. Because little is known about the underlying neuropathologies of these disorders, patients are diagnosed using subjective criteria and treated nonspecifically. To better understand the neural aberrancies responsible for these patients' symptoms, a review of functional MRI literature was performed. The findings reveal that each PD is characterized by a unique set of activation changes corresponding to individual structures or specific neural networks. While unique patterns of neural activity are distinguishable within each PD, aberrations of the limbic/paralimbic structures and default mode network are noted across several of them. In addition to identifying valuable activation patterns, this review reveals a void in research pertaining to paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, narcissistic, and dependent PDs. By delineating patterns in PD neuropathology, we can more effectively direct future research efforts toward enhancing objective diagnostic techniques and developing targeted treatment modalities. Furthermore, understanding why patients are manifesting certain symptoms can advance clinical awareness and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Zarnowski
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Shirley Ziton
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Rylan Holmberg
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Sarafina Musto
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Sean Riegle
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Emily Van Antwerp
- West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gabriela Santos-Nunez
- University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Radiology Department, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Lei M, Ding Y, Meng Q. Neural Correlates of Attentional Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:649566. [PMID: 34234658 PMCID: PMC8256268 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.649566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the suppression of the startle reflex when the intense startling stimulus is shortly (20–500 ms) preceded by a weak non-startling stimulus (prepulse). Although the main neural correlates of PPI lie in the brainstem, previous research has revealed that PPI can be top-down modulated by attention. However, in the previous attend-to-prepulse PPI paradigm, only continuous prepulse but not discrete prepulse (20 ms) could elicit attentional modulation of PPI. Also, the relationship between the attentional enhancement of PPI and the changes in early cortical representations of prepulse signals is unclear. This study develops a novel attend-to-prepulse PPI task, when the discrete prepulse is set at 150 ms at a lead interval of 270 ms, and reveals that the PPI with attended prepulse is larger than the PPI with ignored prepulse. In addition, the early cortical representations (N1/P2 complex) of the prepulse show dissociation between the attended and ignored prepulse. N1 component is enhanced by directed attention, and the attentional increase of the N1 component is positively correlated with the attentional enhancement of PPI, whereas the P2 component is not affected by attentional modulation. Thus, directed attention to the prepulse can enhance both PPI and the early cortical representation of the prepulse signal (N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Cognition, School of Tourism Sciences, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxin Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Edemann-Callesen H, Winter C, Hadar R. Using cortical non-invasive neuromodulation as a potential preventive treatment in schizophrenia - A review. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:643-651. [PMID: 33819680 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that schizophrenia constitutes a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by a gradual emergence of behavioral and neurobiological abnormalities over time. Therefore, applying early interventions to prevent later manifestation of symptoms is appealing. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the use of cortical neuromodulation in schizophrenia and its potential as a preventive treatment approach. We present clinical and preclinical findings investigating the use of neuromodulation in schizophrenia, including the current research focusing on cortical non-invasive stimulation and its possibility as a future preventive treatment. METHODS We performed a search in Medline (PubMed) in September 2020 using a combination of relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and text words. The search included human and preclinical trials as well as existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis. There were no restrictions on language or the date of publication. RESULTS Neurodevelopmental animal models may be used to investigate how the disease progresses and thus which brain areas ideally should be targeted at a given time point. Here, abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex have been often identified as an early and persistent impairment in schizophrenia. Currently there is insufficient evidence to either support or refute the use of neuromodulation to the cortex in adult patients with already manifested symptoms. However, preclinical results show that early non-invasive neuromodulation to the prefrontal cortex of adolescent animals, sufficiently prevents later psychosis-relevant abnormalities in adulthood. This points to the promising potential of cortical non-invasive neuromodulation as a preventive treatment when applied early in the course of the disease. CONCLUSION Preclinical translational-oriented findings indicate, that neuromodulation to cortical areas offers the possibility of targeting early neuropathology and through this diminish the progression of a later schizophrenic profile. Further studies are needed to investigate whether such early cortical stimulation may serve as a future preventive treatment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Edemann-Callesen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité -Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité -Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ravit Hadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité -Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Attademo L, Bernardini F, Verdolini N. Neural Correlates of Schizotypal Personality Disorder: a Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and EEG Studies. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:1283-1298. [PMID: 33459241 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210114142206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a cluster A personality disorder affecting 1.0% of general population, characterised by disturbances in cognition and reality testing dimensions, affect regulation, and interpersonal function. SPD shares similar but attenuated phenomenological, genetic, and neurobiological abnormalities with schizophrenia (SCZ) and is described as part of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. OBJECTIVE Aim of this work was to identify the major neural correlates of SPD. METHODS This is a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA statement. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO - International prospective register of systematic reviews. The review was performed to summarise the most comprehensive and updated evidence on functional neuroimaging and neurophysiology findings obtained through different techniques (DW-MRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, MRS, EEG) in individuals with SPD. RESULTS Of the 52 studies included in this review, 9 were on DW-MRI and DTI, 11 were on PET and SPECT, 11 were on fMRI and MRS, and 21 were on EEG. It was complex to synthesise all the functional abnormalities found into a single, unified, pathogenetic pathway, but a common theme emerged: the dysfunction of brain circuits including striatal, frontal, temporal, limbic regions (and their networks) together with a dysregulation along the dopaminergic pathways. CONCLUSION Brain abnormalities in SPD are similar, but less marked, than those found in SCZ. Furthermore, different patterns of functional abnormalities in SPD and SCZ have been found, confirming the previous literature on the 'presence' of possible compensatory factors, protecting individuals with SPD from frank psychosis and providing diagnostic specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Attademo
- Hospital Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Care (S.P.D.C.) of Potenza, Department of Mental Health, ASP Basilicata, Italian National Health Service, Potenza. Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardini
- Hospital Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Care (S.P.D.C.) of Pordenone, Department of Mental Health, AsFO Friuli Occidentale, Italian National Health Service, Pordenone. Italy
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st., Barcelona, Catalunya. Spain
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13
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Candidate Strategies for Development of a Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Class That Does Not Result in Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects: Prevention of Ketamine-Induced Neuropsychiatric Adverse Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217951. [PMID: 33114753 PMCID: PMC7662754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate/glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonism has been considered to play important roles in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In spite of severe neuropsychiatric adverse effects, esketamine (racemic enantiomer of ketamine) has been approved for the treatment of conventional monoaminergic antidepressant-resistant depression. Furthermore, ketamine improves anhedonia, suicidal ideation and bipolar depression, for which conventional monoaminergic antidepressants are not fully effective. Therefore, ketamine has been accepted, with rigorous restrictions, in psychiatry as a new class of antidepressant. Notably, the dosage of ketamine for antidepressive action is comparable to the dose that can generate schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, the psychotropic effects of ketamine precede the antidepressant effects. The maintenance of the antidepressive efficacy of ketamine often requires repeated administration; however, repeated ketamine intake leads to abuse and is consistently associated with long-lasting memory-associated deficits. According to the dissociative anaesthetic feature of ketamine, it exerts broad acute influences on cognition/perception. To evaluate the therapeutic validation of ketamine across clinical contexts, including its advantages and disadvantages, psychiatry should systematically assess the safety and efficacy of either short- and long-term ketamine treatments, in terms of both acute and chronic outcomes. Here, we describe the clinical evidence of NMDAR antagonists, and then the temporal mechanisms of schizophrenia-like and antidepressant-like effects of the NMDAR antagonist, ketamine. The underlying pharmacological rodent studies will also be discussed.
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14
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Wang Y, Harding IH, Testa R, Tonge B, Jones H, Seal M, Ross N, Chan RCK, van Beurden F, Abu-Akel A, Skafidas E, Pantelis C. Structural and functional brain abnormalities in children with schizotypal disorder: a pilot study. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:6. [PMID: 32188859 PMCID: PMC7080771 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-0095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizotypal disorder lies in the schizophrenia spectrum and is widely studied in adult populations. Schizotypal disorder in children (SDc) is less well described. This study examined brain morphological and functional connectivity abnormalities in SDc (12 SDc and 9 typically developing children), focusing on the default mode and executive control brain networks. Results indicated that SDc is associated with reduced grey matter volume (GMV) in superior and medial frontal gyri, and increased resting-state functional connectivity between the superior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, compared to typically developing children (cluster-level FWE-corrected p < 0.05). The brain structure abnormality (GMV in left superior frontal gyrus) was correlated with clinical symptoms in SDc (r = −0.66, p = 0.026) and functional connectivity abnormality was correlated with extra-dimensional shifting impairments in all participants (r = 0.62, p = 0.011), suggesting their contribution to the underlying mechanisms of clinical presentation. These preliminary results motivate further work to characterize the neural basis of SDc and its significance as a risk factor for later psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Ian H Harding
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Renee Testa
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,The Child and Adolescent Neuropsychology Group, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mental Health Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Harvey Jones
- Department of Psychology, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Seal
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nola Ross
- The Child and Adolescent Neuropsychology Group, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Florian van Beurden
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Ahmad Abu-Akel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Efstratios Skafidas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Huang AS, Rogers BP, Woodward ND. Disrupted modulation of thalamus activation and thalamocortical connectivity during dual task performance in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 210:270-277. [PMID: 30630706 PMCID: PMC6612476 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable evidence showing thalamus anatomy and connectivity abnormalities in schizophrenia, how these abnormalities are reflected in thalamus function during cognition is relatively understudied. Modulation of thalamic connectivity with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is required for higher-order cognitive processes, which are often impaired in schizophrenia. To address this gap, we investigated how thalamus function and thalamus-PFC connectivity under different levels of cognitive demand may be disrupted in schizophrenia. Participants underwent fMRI scanning while performing an event-related two-alternative forced choice task under Single and Dual task conditions. In the Single task condition, participants responded either to a visual cue with a well-learned motor response, or an audio cue with a well-learned vocal response. In the Dual task condition, participants performed both tasks. Thalamic connectivity with task relevant regions of the PFC for each condition was measured using beta-series correlation. Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated less modulation of both mediodorsal thalamus activation and thalamus-PFC connectivity with increased cognitive demand. In contrast, their ability to modulate PFC function during task performance was maintained. These results suggest that the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is associated with thalamus-PFC circuitry and suggests that the thalamus, along with the PFC, should be a focus of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Neil D. Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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16
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Sultana R, Ogundele OM, Lee CC. Contrasting characteristic behaviours among common laboratory mouse strains. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190574. [PMID: 31312505 PMCID: PMC6599779 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mice are widely used to model wide-ranging human neurological disorders, from development to degenerative pathophysiology. Behavioural and molecular characteristics of these mouse models are influenced by the genetic background of each strain. Among the most commonly used strains, the inbred C57BL/6J, BALB/c, CBA and 129SvEv lines and the CD1 outbred line are particularly predominant. Despite their prevalence, comparative performance of these strains on many standard behavioural tests commonly used to assess neurological conditions remains diffusely and indirectly accessible in the literature. Given that independent studies may be conducted with mice of differing genetic backgrounds, any variation in characteristic behavioural responses of specific strains should be delineated in order to properly interpret results among studies. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to characterize these commonly used mice strains through several standard behavioural tests. Here, we found that animals from different genetic background strains exhibited varying behavioural patterns when assessed for sociability/novelty, memory function, and negative behaviours like despair and stress calls. These results suggest that genetic variation among strains may be responsible-in part-for strain-specific behavioural phenotypes and potential predisposition to some neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Synapse Biology Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Author for correspondence: Razia Sultana e-mail:
| | - Olalekan M. Ogundele
- Synapse Biology Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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17
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Wu C, Ding Y, Chen B, Gao Y, Wang Q, Wu Z, Lu L, Luo L, Zhang C, Bao X, Yang P, Fan L, Lei M, Li L. Both Val158Met Polymorphism of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene and Menstrual Cycle Affect Prepulse Inhibition but Not Attentional Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition in Younger-Adult Females. Neuroscience 2019; 404:396-406. [PMID: 30742958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) can be modulated by both the Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene and the menstrual-cycle-related hormone fluctuations, each of which affects the subcortical/cortical dopamine metabolism. PPI can also be modulated by attention. The attentional modulation of PPI (AMPPI) is sensitive to psychoses. Whether the Val158Met polymorphism affects the AMPPI in female adults at different menstrual-cycle phases is unknown. This study examined whether AMPPI and/or PPI are affected by the Val158Met polymorphism in 177 younger-adult females whose menstrual cycles were mutually different across the menstruation, proliferative, or secretory phases. The AMPPI was evaluated by comparing PPI under the condition of the auditory precedence-effect-induced perceptual spatial separation between the prepulse stimulus and a masking noise (PPIPSS) against that under the condition of the precedence-effect-induced perceptual spatial co-location (PPIPSC). The results showed that both the menstrual cycle and the COMT Val158Met polymorphism affected both PPIPSC and PPIPSS, but not the AMPPI (difference between PPIPSS and PPIPSC). Moreover, throughout the menstrual cycle, both PPIPSC and PPIPSS decreased monotonously in Val/Val-carrier participants. However, the decreasing pattern was not overserved in either Met/Met-carrier or Met/Val-carrier participants. Thus, in healthy younger-adult females, PPIPSC and PPIPSS, but not the AMPPI, is vulnerable to changes of ovarian hormones, and the COMT Val158Met polymorphism also has a modulating effect on this menstrual-cycle-dependent PPI variation. In contrast, the AMPPI seems to be more steadily trait-based, less vulnerable to ovarian hormone fluctuations, and may be useful in assisting the diagnosis of schizophrenia in female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- School of Nursing, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Biqing Chen
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yayue Gao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhemeng Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lingxi Lu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lu Luo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Changxin Zhang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xiaohan Bao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Langchen Fan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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18
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Diamantopoulou A, Gogos JA. Neurocognitive and Perceptual Processing in Genetic Mouse Models of Schizophrenia: Emerging Lessons. Neuroscientist 2019; 25:597-619. [PMID: 30654694 DOI: 10.1177/1073858418819435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, the number of animal models of psychiatric disorders has grown exponentially. Of these, genetic animal models that are modeled after rare but highly penetrant mutations hold great promise for deciphering critical molecular, synaptic, and neurocircuitry deficits of major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Animal models should aim to focus on core aspects rather than capture the entire human disease. In this context, animal models with strong etiological validity, where behavioral and neurophysiological phenotypes and the features of the disease being modeled are in unambiguous homology, are being used to dissect both elementary and complex cognitive and perceptual processing deficits present in psychiatric disorders at the level of neurocircuitry, shedding new light on critical disease mechanisms. Recent progress in neuroscience along with large-scale initiatives that propose a consistent approach in characterizing these deficits across different laboratories will further enhance the efficacy of these studies that will ultimately lead to identifying new biological targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Diamantopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Gogos
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Qi S, Gao Q, Shen J, Teng Y, Xie X, Sun Y, Wu J. Multiple Frequency Bands Analysis of Large Scale Intrinsic Brain Networks and Its Application in Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:64. [PMID: 30123120 PMCID: PMC6085977 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a complex system composed by several large scale intrinsic networks with distinct functions. The low frequency oscillation (LFO) signal of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD), measured through resting-state fMRI, reflects the spontaneous neural activity of these networks. We propose to characterize these networks by applying the multiple frequency bands analysis (MFBA) to the LFO time courses (TCs) resulted from the group independent component analysis (ICA). Specifically, seven networks, including the default model network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), control executive network (CEN), salience network, sensorimotor network, visual network and limbic network, are identified. After the power spectral density (PSD) analysis, the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) is determined in three bands: <0.1 Hz; slow-5; and slow-4. Moreover, the MFBA method is applied to reveal the frequency-dependent alternations of fALFF for seven networks in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). It is found that seven networks can be divided into three categories: the advanced cognitive networks, primary sensorimotor networks and limbic networks, and their fALFF successively decreases in both slow-4 and slow-5 bands. Comparing to normal control group, the fALFF of DMN, DAN and CEN in SPD tends to be higher in slow-5 band, but lower in slow-4. Higher fALFF of sensorimotor and visual networks in slow-5, higher fALFF of limbic network in both bands have been observed for SPD group. The results of ALFF are consistent with those of fALFF. The proposed MFBA method may help distinguish networks or oscillators in the human brain, reveal subtle alternations of networks through locating their dominant frequency band, and present potential to interpret the neuropathology disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Qi
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingjun Gao
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yueyang Teng
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuan Xie
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueji Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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20
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Mammalian TRIM67 Functions in Brain Development and Behavior. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0186-18. [PMID: 29911180 PMCID: PMC6002264 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0186-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Class I members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases evolutionarily appeared just prior to the advent of neuronal like cells and have been implicated in neuronal development from invertebrates to mammals. The single Class I TRIM in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans and the mammalian Class I TRIM9 regulate axon branching and guidance in response to the guidance cue netrin, whereas mammalian TRIM46 establishes the axon initial segment. In humans, mutations in TRIM1 and TRIM18 are implicated in Opitz Syndrome, characterized by midline defects and often intellectual disability. We find that although TRIM67 is the least studied vertebrate Class I TRIM, it is the most evolutionarily conserved. Here we show that mammalian TRIM67 interacts with both its closest paralog TRIM9 and the netrin receptor DCC and is differentially enriched in specific brain regions during development and adulthood. We describe the anatomical and behavioral consequences of deletion of murine Trim67. While viable, mice lacking Trim67 exhibit abnormal anatomy of specific brain regions, including hypotrophy of the hippocampus, striatum, amygdala, and thalamus, and thinning of forebrain commissures. Additionally, Trim67-/- mice display impairments in spatial memory, cognitive flexibility, social novelty preference, muscle function, and sensorimotor gating, whereas several other behaviors remain intact. This study demonstrates the necessity for TRIM67 in appropriate brain development and behavior.
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Song X, Roy B, Kang DW, Aysola RS, Macey PM, Woo MA, Yan-Go FL, Harper RM, Kumar R. Altered resting-state hippocampal and caudate functional networks in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00994. [PMID: 29749715 PMCID: PMC5991585 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain structural injury and metabolic deficits in the hippocampus and caudate nuclei may contribute to cognitive and emotional deficits found in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. If such contributions exist, resting-state interactions of these subcortical sites with cortical areas mediating affective symptoms and cognition should be disturbed. Our aim was to examine resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus and caudate to other brain areas in OSA relative to control subjects, and to relate these changes to mood and neuropsychological scores. METHODS We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 70 OSA and 89 healthy controls using a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner, and assessed psychological and behavioral functions, as well as sleep issues. After standard fMRI data preprocessing, FC maps were generated for bilateral hippocampi and caudate nuclei, and compared between groups (ANCOVA; covariates, age and gender). RESULTS Obstructive sleep apnea subjects showed significantly higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms over healthy controls. In OSA subjects, the hippocampus showed disrupted FC with the thalamus, para-hippocampal gyrus, medial and superior temporal gyrus, insula, and posterior cingulate cortex. Left and right caudate nuclei showed impaired FC with the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus. In addition, altered limbic-striatal-cortical FC in OSA showed relationships with behavioral and neuropsychological variables. CONCLUSIONS The compromised hippocampal-cortical FC in OSA may underlie depression and anxious mood levels in OSA, while impaired caudate-cortical FC may indicate deficits in reward processing and cognition. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of mood and cognitive deficits in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bhaswati Roy
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel W Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ravi S Aysola
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary A Woo
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frisca L Yan-Go
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Harper
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Vyas NS, Buchsbaum MS, Lehrer DS, Merrill BM, DeCastro A, Doninger NA, Christian BT, Mukherjee J. D2/D3 dopamine receptor binding with [F-18]fallypride correlates of executive function in medication-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:442-456. [PMID: 28576546 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that the prefrontal cortex is critically involved in executive control and that executive dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia. Reduced dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding potential has been reported in schizophrenia, and the correlations with neuropsychological test scores have been positive and negative for different tasks. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between dopamine D2/D3 receptor levels with frontal and temporal neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia. Resting-state 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography was performed on 20 medication-naïve and 5 previously medicated for brief earlier periods patients with schizophrenia and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Striatal and extra-striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor levels were quantified as binding potential using fallypride imaging. Magnetic resonance images in standard Talairach position and segmented into gray and white matter were co-registered to the fallypride images, and the AFNI stereotaxic atlas was applied. Two neuropsychological tasks known to activate frontal and temporal lobe function were chosen, specifically the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Images of the correlation coefficient between fallypride binding and WCST and CVLT performance showed a negative correlation in contrast to positive correlations in healthy volunteers. The results of this study demonstrate that lower fallypride binding potential in patients with schizophrenia may be associated with better performance. Our findings are consistent with previous studies that failed to find cognitive improvements with typical dopamine-blocking medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Vyas
- Kingston University London, Department of Psychology, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fulham Palace Road, W6 8RF, UK.
| | - Monte S Buchsbaum
- University of California, San Diego, NeuroPET Center, Department of Psychiatry, 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA; University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, East Medical Plaza, Dayton, OH 45408, USA
| | - Brian M Merrill
- Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, East Medical Plaza, Dayton, OH 45408, USA
| | - Alex DeCastro
- University of California, San Diego, NeuroPET Center, Department of Psychiatry, 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Nicholas A Doninger
- Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wallace-Kettering Neuroscience Institute, Kettering, OH 45429, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- University of California, Irvine, Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, CA 92697-5000, USA
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Perez-Rodriguez MM, New AS, Goldstein KE, Rosell D, Yuan Q, Zhou Z, Hodgkinson C, Goldman D, Siever LJ, Hazlett EA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met genotype modulates amygdala habituation. Psychiatry Res 2017; 263:85-92. [PMID: 28371657 PMCID: PMC5856456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A deficit in amygdala habituation to repeated emotional stimuli may be an endophenotype of disorders characterized by emotion dysregulation, such as borderline personality disorder (BPD). Amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli is genetically modulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) variants. Whether amygdala habituation itself is also modulated by BDNF genotypes remains unknown. We used imaging-genetics to examine the effect of BDNF Val66Met genotypes on amygdala habituation to repeated emotional stimuli. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 57 subjects (19 BPD patients, 18 patients with schizotypal personality disorder [SPD] and 20 healthy controls [HC]) during a task involving viewing of unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant pictures, each presented twice to measure habituation. Amygdala responses across genotypes (Val66Met SNP Met allele-carriers vs. Non-Met carriers) and diagnoses (HC, BPD, SPD) were examined with ANOVA. The BDNF 66Met allele was significantly associated with a deficit in amygdala habituation, particularly for emotional pictures. The association of the 66Met allele with a deficit in habituation to unpleasant emotional pictures remained significant in the subsample of BPD patients. Using imaging-genetics, we found preliminary evidence that deficient amygdala habituation may be modulated by BDNF genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; CIBERSAM, Autonoma University, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz and Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonia S New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Kim E Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Rosell
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Qiaoping Yuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9412, USA
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9412, USA
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9412, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9412, USA
| | - Larry J Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Erin A Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
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24
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Li Q, Shi L, Lu G, Yu HL, Yeung FK, Wong NK, Sun L, Liu K, Yew D, Pan F, Wang DF, Sham PC. Chronic Ketamine Exposure Causes White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in Adolescent Cynomolgus Monkeys. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:285. [PMID: 28579941 PMCID: PMC5437169 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and repeated exposures to ketamine mimic aspects of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia in humans. Recent studies by our group and others have shown that chronicity of ketamine use may be a key element for establishing a more valid model of cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, current understanding on the long-term consequences of ketamine exposure on brain circuits has remained incomplete, particularly with regard to microstructural changes of white matter tracts that underpin the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Thus, the present study aimed to expand on previous investigations by examining causal effects of repeated ketamine exposure on white matter integrity in a non-human primate model. Ketamine or saline (control) was administered intravenously for 3 months to male adolescent cynomolgus monkeys (n = 5/group). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) experiments were performed and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used for data analysis. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was quantified across the whole brain. Profoundly reduced FA on the right side of sagittal striatum, posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule (RLIC) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and on the left side of PTR, middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus were observed in the ketamine group compared to controls. Diminished white matter integrity found in either fronto-thalamo-temporal or striato-thalamic connections with tracts including the SLF, PTR, and RLIC lends support to similar findings from DTI studies on schizophrenia in humans. This study suggests that chronic ketamine exposure is a useful pharmacological paradigm that might provide translational insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong.,Chow Yuk Ho Center of Innovative Technology for Medicine, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hong-Luan Yu
- Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Fu-Ki Yeung
- Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhen, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David Yew
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - De-Feng Wang
- Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong.,Genome Research Centre, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
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25
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Inhibitory deficits in prepulse inhibition, sensory gating, and antisaccade eye movement in schizotypy. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 114:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Sun Y, Zhang L, Ancharaz SS, Cheng S, Sun W, Wang H, Sun Y. Decreased fractional anisotropy values in two clusters of white matter in patients with schizotypal personality disorder: A DTI study. Behav Brain Res 2016; 310:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Annic A, Bourriez JL, Delval A, Bocquillon P, Trubert C, Derambure P, Dujardin K. Effects of Stimulus-Driven and Goal-Directed Attention on Prepulse Inhibition of Brain Oscillations. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:390. [PMID: 27524966 PMCID: PMC4965466 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is an operational measure of sensory gating. PPI of cortical response to a startling pulse is known to be modulated by attention. With a time-frequency analysis, we sought to determine whether goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention differentially modulate inhibition of cortical oscillations elicited by a startling pulse. METHODS An electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 26 healthy controls performing an active acoustic PPI paradigm. Startling stimuli were presented alone or either 400 or 1000 ms after one of three types of visual prepulse: to-be-attended (goal-directed attention), unexpected (stimulus-driven attention) or to-be-ignored (non-focused attention). We calculated the percentage PPI for the auditory event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) of theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta1 (13-20 Hz) and beta2 (20-30 Hz) oscillations and changes in inter-trial coherence (ITC), a measure of phase synchronization of electroencephalographic activity. RESULTS At 400 ms: (i) PPI of the ERSP of alpha, theta and beta1 oscillation was greater after an unexpected and a to-be-attended prepulse than after a to-be-ignored prepulse; and (ii) PPI of beta2 oscillations was greater after a to-be-attended than a to-be-ignored prepulse. At 1000 ms: (i) PPI of alpha oscillations was greater after an unexpected and a to-be-attended prepulse than after a to-be-ignored prepulse; and (ii) PPI of beta1 oscillations was greater after a to-be-attended than a to-be-ignored prepulse. The ITC values did not vary according to the type of prepulse. CONCLUSIONS In an active PPI paradigm, stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention each have differential effects on the modulation of cortical oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Annic
- University of Lille, INSERM U1171 - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive DisordersLille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical CenterLille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bourriez
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Delval
- University of Lille, INSERM U1171 - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive DisordersLille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical CenterLille, France
| | - Perrine Bocquillon
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center Lille, France
| | - Claire Trubert
- University of Lille, INSERM U1171 - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders Lille, France
| | - Philippe Derambure
- University of Lille, INSERM U1171 - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive DisordersLille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical CenterLille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- University of Lille, INSERM U1171 - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive DisordersLille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical CenterLille, France
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28
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Moscoso-Castro M, Gracia-Rubio I, Ciruela F, Valverde O. Genetic blockade of adenosine A2A receptors induces cognitive impairments and anatomical changes related to psychotic symptoms in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1227-40. [PMID: 27133030 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic severe mental disorder with a presumed neurodevelopmental origin, and no effective treatment. Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease with genetic, environmental and neurochemical etiology. The main theories on the pathophysiology of this disorder include alterations in dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in limbic and cortical areas of the brain. Early hypotheses also suggested that nucleoside adenosine is a putative affected neurotransmitter system, and clinical evidence suggests that adenosine adjuvants improve treatment outcomes, especially in poorly responsive patients. Hence, it is important to elucidate the role of the neuromodulator adenosine in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) subtypes are expressed in brain areas controlling motivational responses and cognition, including striatum, and in lower levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The aim of this study was to characterize A2AR knockout (KO) mice with complete and specific inactivation of A2AR, as an animal model for schizophrenia. We performed behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical studies to assess psychotic-like symptoms in adult male and female KO and wild-type (WT) littermates. Our results show impairments in inhibitory responses and sensory gating in A2AR KO animals. Hyperlocomotion induced by d-amphetamine and MK-801 was reduced in KO animals when compared to WT littermates. Moreover, A2AR KO animals show motor disturbances, social and cognitive alterations. Finally, behavioral impairments were associated with enlargement of brain lateral ventricles and decreased BDNF levels in the hippocampus. These data highlight the role of adenosine in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and provide new possibilities for the therapeutic management of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moscoso-Castro
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia-Rubio
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
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Liu K, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Wu J, Lei Y, Chu WCW, Mok VCT, Wang D, Shi L. Characterization of the Fiber Connectivity Profile of the Cerebral Cortex in Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:809. [PMID: 27303358 PMCID: PMC4884735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is considered one of the classic disconnection syndromes. However, the specific cortical disconnectivity pattern has not been fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to explore significant alterations in whole-cortex structural connectivity in SPD individuals (SPDs) by combining the techniques of brain surface morphometry and white matter tractography. Diffusion and structural MR data were collected from 20 subjects with SPD (all males; age, 19.7 ± 0.9 years) and 18 healthy controls (all males; age, 20.3 ± 1.0 years). To measure the structural connectivity for a given unit area of the cortex, the fiber connectivity density (FiCD) value was proposed and calculated as the sum of the fractional anisotropy of all the fibers connecting to that unit area in tractography. Then, the resultant whole-cortex FiCD maps were compared in a vertex-wise manner between SPDs and controls. Compared with normal controls, SPDs showed significantly decreased FiCD in the rostral middle frontal gyrus (crossing BA 9 and BA 10) and significantly increased FiCD in the anterior part of the fusiform/inferior temporal cortex (P < 0.05, Monte Carlo simulation corrected). Moreover, the gray matter volume extracted from the left rostral middle frontal cluster was observed to be significantly greater in the SPD group (P = 0.02). Overall, this study identifies a decrease in connectivity in the left middle frontal cortex as a key neural deficit at the whole-cortex level in SPD, thus providing insight into its neuropathological basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian, China
| | - Yueji Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen, China
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Defeng Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen, China; Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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30
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Antonucci LA, Taurisano P, Fazio L, Gelao B, Romano R, Quarto T, Porcelli A, Mancini M, Di Giorgio A, Caforio G, Pergola G, Popolizio T, Bertolino A, Blasi G. Association of familial risk for schizophrenia with thalamic and medial prefrontal functional connectivity during attentional control. Schizophr Res 2016; 173:23-9. [PMID: 27012899 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anomalies in behavioral correlates of attentional processing and related brain activity are crucial correlates of schizophrenia and associated with familial risk for this brain disorder. However, it is not clear how brain functional connectivity during attentional processes is key for schizophrenia and linked with trait vs. state related variables. To address this issue, we investigated patterns of functional connections during attentional control in healthy siblings of patients with schizophrenia, who share with probands genetic features but not variables related to the state of the disorder. 356 controls, 55 patients with schizophrenia on stable treatment with antipsychotics and 40 healthy siblings of patients with this brain disorder underwent the Variable Attentional Control (VAC) task during fMRI. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is allowed to identify independent components (IC) of BOLD signal recorded during task performance. Results indicated reduced connectivity strength in patients with schizophrenia as well as in their healthy siblings in left thalamus within an attentional control component and greater connectivity in right medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) within the so-called Default Mode Network (DMN) compared to healthy individuals. These results suggest a relationship between familial risk for schizophrenia and brain functional networks during attentional control, such that this biological phenotype may be considered a useful intermediate phenotype in order to link genes effects to aspects of the pathophysiology of this brain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Antonucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy; Department of Educational Science, Psychology and Communication Science, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Gelao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Romano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Quarto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy; Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamaria Porcelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marina Mancini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Caforio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy; Psychiatry Unit, Bari University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Popolizio
- IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy; Psychiatry Unit, Bari University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy; Psychiatry Unit, Bari University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Buse J, Beste C, Herrmann E, Roessner V. Neural correlates of altered sensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette Syndrome: A combined EMG/fMRI study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:187-97. [PMID: 26624257 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been hypothesised that altered sensorimotor gating might be a core problem in Tourette Syndrome (TS). However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are elusive. METHODS We applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of altered sensorimotor gating by means of prepulse inhibition (PPI) in 22 boys with TS and 22 healthy boys using tactile PPI. The electromyography of the startle response was recorded simultaneously to the acquisition of the fMRI images. RESULTS As expected, PPI of the startle response was reduced in boys with TS compared to the healthy boys. We found decreased PPI-related blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity in boys with TS in the middle frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior parietal cortex, cingulate gyrus and caudate body. In boys with TS PPI of the startle response was positively correlated to PPI-related BOLD activity in the superior parietal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that deficient sensorimotor gating in boys with TS is associated with reduced recruitment of brain regions responsible for the higher-order integration of somatosensory stimuli. Due to our strict sample selection we were able to reduce confounding by neural adaptation processes, long-term medication, gender or comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Buse
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Elisabeth Herrmann
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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32
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The role of the thalamus in schizophrenia from a neuroimaging perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 54:57-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pratt JA, Morris BJ. The thalamic reticular nucleus: a functional hub for thalamocortical network dysfunction in schizophrenia and a target for drug discovery. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:127-37. [PMID: 25586397 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114565805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The thalamus (comprising many distinct nuclei) plays a key role in facilitating sensory discrimination and cognitive processes through connections with the cortex. Impaired thalamocortical processing has long been considered to be involved in schizophrenia. In this review we focus on the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) providing evidence for it being an important communication hub between the thalamus and cortex and how it may play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We first highlight the functional neuroanatomy, neurotransmitter localisation and physiology of the TRN. We then present evidence of the physiological roles of the TRN in relation to oscillatory activity, cognition and behaviour. Next we discuss the role of the TRN in rodent models of risk factors for schizophrenia (genetic and pharmacological) and provide evidence for TRN deficits in schizophrenia. Finally we discuss new drug targets for schizophrenia in relation to restoring TRN circuitry dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Psychiatric Research Institute of Neuroscience in Glasgow (PsyRING), University of Glasgow and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Psychiatric Research Institute of Neuroscience in Glasgow (PsyRING), University of Glasgow and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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34
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Lener MS, Wong E, Tang CY, Byne W, Goldstein KE, Blair NJ, Haznedar MM, New AS, Chemerinski E, Chu KW, Rimsky LS, Siever LJ, Koenigsberg HW, Hazlett EA. White matter abnormalities in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:300-10. [PMID: 24962608 PMCID: PMC4266294 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prior diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies examining schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and schizophrenia, separately have shown that compared with healthy controls (HCs), patients show frontotemporal white matter (WM) abnormalities. This is the first DTI study to directly compare WM tract coherence with tractography and fractional anisotropy (FA) across the schizophrenia spectrum in a large sample of demographically matched HCs (n = 55), medication-naive SPD patients (n = 49), and unmedicated/never-medicated schizophrenia patients (n = 22) to determine whether (a) frontal-striatal-temporal WM tract abnormalities in schizophrenia are similar to, or distinct from those observed in SPD; and (b) WM tract abnormalities are associated with clinical symptom severity indicating a common underlying pathology across the spectrum. Compared with both the HC and SPD groups, schizophrenia patients showed WM abnormalities, as indexed by lower FA in the temporal lobe (inferior longitudinal fasciculus) and cingulum regions. SPD patients showed lower FA in the corpus callosum genu compared with the HC group, but this regional abnormality was more widespread in schizophrenia patients. Across the schizophrenia spectrum, greater WM disruptions were associated with greater symptom severity. Overall, frontal-striatal-temporal WM dysconnectivity is attenuated in SPD compared with schizophrenia patients and may mitigate the emergence of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S. Lener
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Edmund Wong
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Cheuk Y. Tang
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - William Byne
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY;,Department of Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Kim E. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas J. Blair
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY;,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - M. Mehmet Haznedar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;,Department of Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Antonia S. New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Eran Chemerinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;,Department of Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - King-Wai Chu
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY;,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Liza S. Rimsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Larry J. Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY;,Department of Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Harold W. Koenigsberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;,Department of Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Erin A. Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY;,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Room 6A-44, Bronx, NY, US; tel: 718-584-9000 x3701, fax: 718-364-3576, e-mail:
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Zhang Q, Shen J, Wu J, Yu X, Lou W, Fan H, Shi L, Wang D. Altered default mode network functional connectivity in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Res 2014; 160:51-6. [PMID: 25458858 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) has been identified to play a critical role in many mental disorders, but such abnormalities have not yet been determined in patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). The purpose of this study was to analyze the alteration of the DMN functional connectivity in subjects with (SPD) and compared it to healthy control subjects. Eighteen DSM-IV diagnosed SPD subjects (all male, average age: 19.7±0.9) from a pool of 3000 first year college students, and eighteen age and gender matched healthy control subjects were recruited (all male, average age: 20.3±0.9). Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to analyze the DMN functional connectivity alteration. Compared to the healthy control group, SPD subjects had significantly decreased functional connectivity in the frontal areas, including the superior and medial frontal gyrus, and greater functional connectivity in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and sub-lobar regions, including the bilateral putamen and caudate. Compared to subjects with SPD, the healthy control group showed decreased functional connectivity in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, but showed greater functional connectivity in the right transverse temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. The healthy control group also showed greater activation in the cerebellum compared to the SPD group. These findings suggest that DMN functional connectivity, particularly that involving cognitive or emotional regulation, is altered in SPD subjects, and thus may be helpful in studying schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China; Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Wutao Lou
- Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hongyu Fan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Defeng Wang
- Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Suryavanshi PS, Ugale RR, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Stairs DJ, Dravid SM. GluN2C/GluN2D subunit-selective NMDA receptor potentiator CIQ reverses MK-801-induced impairment in prepulse inhibition and working memory in Y-maze test in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:799-809. [PMID: 24236947 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite ample evidence supporting the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia, progress in the development of effective therapeutics based on this hypothesis has been limited. Facilitation of NMDA receptor function by co-agonists (D-serine or glycine) only partially alleviates the symptoms in schizophrenia; other means to facilitate NMDA receptors are required. NMDA receptor sub-types differ in their subunit composition, with varied GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-GluN2D) imparting different physiological, biochemical and pharmacological properties. CIQ is a positive allosteric modulator that is selective for GluN2C/GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors (Mullasseril et al.). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of systemic administration of CIQ was tested on impairment in prepulse inhibition (PPI), hyperlocomotion and stereotypy induced by i.p. administration of MK-801 and methamphetamine. The effect of CIQ was also tested on MK-801-induced impairment in working memory in Y-maze spontaneous alternation test. KEY RESULTS We found that systemic administration of CIQ (20 mg·kg⁻¹, i.p.) in mice reversed MK-801 (0.15 mg·kg⁻¹, i.p.)-induced, but not methamphetamine (3 mg·kg⁻¹, i.p.)-induced, deficit in PPI. MK-801 increased the startle amplitude to pulse alone, which was not reversed by CIQ. In contrast, methamphetamine reduced the startle amplitude to pulse alone, which was reversed by CIQ. CIQ also partially attenuated MK-801- and methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and stereotyped behaviours. Additionally, CIQ reversed the MK-801-induced working memory deficit in spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Together, these results suggest that facilitation of GluN2C/GluN2D-containing receptors may serve as an important therapeutic strategy for treating positive and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Sleep deprivation disrupts prepulse inhibition and induces psychosis-like symptoms in healthy humans. J Neurosci 2014; 34:9134-40. [PMID: 24990933 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0904-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational biomarkers, such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response, are playing an increasingly important role in the development of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia and related conditions. However, attempts to reliably induce a PPI deficit by psychotomimetic drugs have not been successful, leaving an unmet need for a cross-species psychosis model sensitive to this widely studied surrogate treatment target. Sleep deprivation (SD) might be such a model as it has previously been shown to induce PPI deficits in rats, which could be selectively prevented with antipsychotic but not anxiolytic or antidepressant compounds. Here, in a first proof-of-concept study we tested whether SD induces a deficit in PPI and an increase in psychosis-like symptoms in healthy humans. In two counterbalanced sessions, acoustic PPI and self-reported psychosis-like symptoms (Psychotomimetic States Inventory) were measured in 24 healthy human volunteers after a normal night's sleep and after a night of total SD. SD decreased PPI (p = 0.001) without affecting the magnitude or habituation of the startle response (all p > 0.13). SD also induced perceptual distortions, cognitive disorganization, and anhedonia (all p < 0.02). Thus, extending previous rodent work, we conclude that SD, in combination with the PPI biomarker, might be a promising translational surrogate model for psychosis as this method represents a possibility to partially and reversibly mimic the pathogenesis of psychotic states.
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38
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Bak N, Oranje B. Psychophysiology-informed (multimodal) imaging. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 21:371-85. [PMID: 24950787 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging are two popular methodologies for brain research. While EEG has a high temporal resolution, yet a low spatial resolution, MRI has the complete opposite, a high spatial resolution, yet a low temporal resolution. Obviously therefore, researchers have been searching for ways combining the two methodologies, for more than two decades. However, there are many issues that have to be solved before the methodologies can be successfully and, more importantly reliably, combined. Here, we give an overview of these issues, and present strategies that have been used over the past two decades to overcome them. We start with a general description of EEG and (f)MRI methodology, then present the difficulties involved in combining both methodologies, and lastly present and discuss the most popular strategies that have been used over the past two decades to solve these problems. We conclude that in spite of the many issues, the two methodologies can be combined successfully, provided that the correct procedures are followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bak
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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39
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Sellmann C, Villarín Pildaín L, Schmitt A, Leonardi-Essmann F, Durrenberger PF, Spanagel R, Arzberger T, Kretzschmar H, Zink M, Gruber O, Herrera-Marschitz M, Reynolds R, Falkai P, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Matthäus F. Gene expression in superior temporal cortex of schizophrenia patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:297-309. [PMID: 24287731 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated gene expression pattern obtained from microarray data of 10 schizophrenia patients and 10 control subjects. Brain tissue samples were obtained postmortem; thus, the different ages of the patients at death also allowed a study of the dynamic behavior of the expression patterns over a time frame of many years. We used statistical tests and dimensionality reduction methods to characterize the subset of genes differentially expressed in the two groups. A set of 10 genes were significantly downregulated, and a larger set of 40 genes were upregulated in the schizophrenia patients. Interestingly, the set of upregulated genes includes a large number of genes associated with gene transcription (zinc finger proteins and histone methylation) and apoptosis. We furthermore identified genes with a significant trend correlating with age in the control (MLL3) or the schizophrenia group (SOX5, CTRL). Assessments of correlations of other genes with the disorder (RRM1) or with the duration of medication could not be resolved, because all patients were medicated. This hypothesis-free approach uncovered a series of genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia that belong to a number of distinct cell functions, such as apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, cell motility, energy metabolism and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sellmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Annic A, Bocquillon P, Bourriez JL, Derambure P, Dujardin K. Effects of stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention on prepulse inhibition of the cortical responses to an auditory pulse. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:1576-88. [PMID: 24411526 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibition by a prepulse (prepulse inhibition, PPI) of the response to a startling acoustic pulse is modulated by attention. We sought to determine whether goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention differentially modulate (i) PPI of the N100 and P200 components of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) and (ii) the components' generators. METHODS 128-channel electroencephalograms were recorded in 26 healthy controls performing an active acoustic PPI paradigm. Startling stimuli were presented alone or either 400 or 1000ms after a visual prepulse. Three types of prepulse were used: to-be-attended (goal-directed attention), unexpected (stimulus-driven attention) or to-be ignored (non focused attention). We calculated the percentage PPI for the N100 and P200 components of the AEP and determined cortical generators by standardized weighted low resolution tomography. RESULTS At 400ms, the PPI of the N100 was greater after an unexpected prepulse than after a to-be-attended prepulse, the PPI of the P200 was greater after a to-be-attended prepulse than after a to-be ignored prepulse. At 1000ms, to-be-attended and unexpected prepulses had similar effects. Cortical sources were modulated in areas involved in both types of attention. CONCLUSIONS Stimulus-driven attention and goal-directed attention each have specific effects on the attentional modulation of PPI. SIGNIFICANCE By using a new PPI paradigm that specifically controls attention, we demonstrated that the early stages of the gating process (as evidenced by N100) are influenced by stimulus-driven attention and that the late stages (as evidenced by P200) are influenced by goal-directed attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Annic
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA1046 Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.
| | - Perrine Bocquillon
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA1046 Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bourriez
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Derambure
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA1046 Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA1046 Lille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
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Vu MAT, Thermenos HW, Terry DP, Wolfe DJ, Voglmaier MM, Niznikiewicz MA, McCarley RW, Seidman LJ, Dickey CC. Working memory in schizotypal personality disorder: fMRI activation and deactivation differences. Schizophr Res 2013; 151:113-23. [PMID: 24161536 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is considered a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, sharing with schizophrenia cognitive, neuropsychological, epidemiological, and biological characteristics. Working memory may be one area of shared deficit, although to date, this is only the second study to investigate working memory in SPD using fMRI. METHODS In a block-design fMRI study, fifteen antipsychotic-naïve SPD and sixteen healthy control subjects performed blocks of a 2back visual working memory task and 0back continuous performance task while undergoing whole-brain fMRI at 3T. Whole-brain analyses were performed for the 0back>rest (fixation baseline) and the 2back>0back contrasts (isolating the working memory component from the visual perception and attention component). Parameter estimates were extracted to determine whether observed differences were due to task-induced activation and/or deactivation. RESULTS Activation differences emerged between the two groups, without differences in task performance. In the 0back task, SPD showed decreased task-induced activation of the left postcentral gyrus. In the 2back>0back contrast, HC showed greater task-induced activation of the left posterior cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insula, and middle frontal gyrus. These differences were due to SPD subjects' decreased task-induced activation in the left posterior cingulate gyrus, and task-induced deactivation in the remaining regions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that compared to HC subjects, individuals with SPD may achieve comparable working memory performance. However, differences emerge at the level of functional neural activation, attributable to different task-induced activation and deactivation patterns. Such differential recruitment of neural resources may be beneficial, contributing to SPD subjects' ability to perform these tasks comparably to HC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Anh T Vu
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Brain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: initial findings. Psychiatry Res 2013; 214:33-41. [PMID: 23916249 PMCID: PMC3932431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is disrupted in a number of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, including Tourette syndrome (TS). This disruption is hypothesized to reflect abnormalities in sensorimotor gating. We applied whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to elucidate the neural correlates of PPI in adult TS subjects using airpuff stimuli to the throat to elicit a tactile startle response. We used a cross-sectional, case-control study design and a blocked-design fMRI paradigm. There were 33 participants: 17 with TS and 16 healthy individuals. As a measure of PPI-related brain activity, we looked for differential cerebral activation to prepulse-plus-pulse stimuli versus activation to pulse-alone stimuli. In healthy subjects, PPI was associated with increased activity in multiple brain regions, of which activation in the left middle frontal gyrus in the healthy controls showed a significant linear correlation with the degree of PPI measured outside of the magnet. Group comparisons identified nine regions where brain activity during PPI differed significantly between TS and healthy subjects. Among the TS subjects, activation in the left caudate was significantly correlated with current tic severity as measured by the total score on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Differential activation of the caudate nucleus associated with current tic severity is consistent with neuropathological data and suggests that portions of cortical-striatal circuits may modulate the severity of tic symptoms in adulthood.
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Ji B, Mei W, Zhang JX, Jing J, Wu Q, Zhuo Y, Xiao Z. Abnormal auditory sensory gating-out in first-episode and never-medicated paranoid schizophrenia patients: an fMRI study. Exp Brain Res 2013; 229:139-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fervaha G, Remington G. Neuroimaging findings in schizotypal personality disorder: a systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 43:96-107. [PMID: 23220094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal personality disorder is the prototypical schizophrenia-spectrum condition, sharing similar phenomenological, cognitive, genetic, physiological, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and neurofunctional abnormalities with schizophrenia. Investigations into SPD circumvent many confounds inherent to schizophrenia such as medication and institutionalization. Hence, SPD offers a unique vantage point from which to study schizophrenia-spectrum conditions. METHODS We systematically reviewed the neuroimaging literature in SPD to establish: (1) whether there are concordant findings in SPD and schizophrenia, possibly reflective of core pathology between the two conditions and (2) whether there are discordant findings in SPD and schizophrenia, possibly reflecting protective factors in the former. The findings are synthesized across structural and functional neuroimaging domains. RESULTS A total of 54 studies were identified. Medial temporal lobe structures seem to be compromised in both SPD and schizophrenia. In schizophrenia prefrontal structures are further compromised, whereas in SPD these seem to be larger-than-normal, possibly reflecting a compensatory mechanism. Additional pathology is discussed, including evidence of aberrant subcortical dopaminergic functioning. CONCLUSIONS SPD is a schizophrenia-spectrum condition that shares pathology with schizophrenia, but is distinct in showing unique neural findings. Future studies are needed to confirm and localize regions of common and disparate pathology between SPD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Fervaha
- Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zhang J, Chu KW, Teague EB, Newmark RE, Buchsbaum MS. fMRI assessment of thalamocortical connectivity during attentional performance. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1112-8. [PMID: 23727467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown dysfunction in key areas associated with the thalamocortical circuit in patients with schizophrenia. This study examined the functional connectivity involving the frontal-thalamic circuitry during a spatial focusing-of-attention task in 18 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls. Functional connectivity was analyzed by assigning seed regions (in the thalamic nuclei (mediodorsal nucleus (MDN), pulvinar, anterior nucleus (AN)), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9 and 46), and the caudate), and correlating their respective activity with that in the non-seed regions voxel-wise. Functional connectivity analysis demonstrated that functional connectivity was significantly impaired in patients, e.g., between the right pulvinar and regions such as the prefrontal and temporal cortices and the cerebellum. On the other hand, enhanced functional connectivity was found in patients, e.g., between the AN and regions such as the prefrontal and temporal cortices. In addition, the patients had significantly lower task performance and less (but non-significant) brain activation than those of controls. These results revealed disturbed functional integration in schizophrenia, and suggested that the functional connectivity abnormalities in the thalamocortical circuitry, especially the frontal-thalamic circuitry, may underlie the attention deficits in schizophrenia patients. Further, this study suggested that functional connectivity analysis might be more sensitive than brain activation analysis in detecting the functional abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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46
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Ota M, Sato N, Matsuo J, Kinoshita Y, Kawamoto Y, Hori H, Teraishi T, Sasayama D, Hattori K, Obu S, Nakata Y, Kunugi H. Multimodal image analysis of sensorimotor gating in healthy women. Brain Res 2013; 1499:61-8. [PMID: 23333372 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits have been reported in individuals with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders with dysfunction of the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural neural correlates of PPI by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics. The subjects were 53 healthy women (mean age; 40.7±11.3 years). We examined the possible relationships between PPI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics to estimate white matter integrity and gray matter volume analyzed using the DARTEL (diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie) algebra method. There were significant correlations between DTI metrics and PPI in the parahippocampal region, the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the ventral tegmental area, the thalamus and anterior thalamic radiations, the left prefrontal region, the callosal commissural fiber, and various white matter regions. There were also positive correlations between PPI and gray matter volume in the bilateral parietal gyri and the left inferior prefrontal gyrus at a trend level. The present study revealed evidence of a relationship between PPI and the integrity of white matter. This result was compatible with the previous suggestion that PPI would be modulated by the cortico-striato-thalamic-pallido-pontine circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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Liao Y, Zhang J, Huang Z, Xi Y, Zhang Q, Zhu T, Liu X. Altered baseline brain activity with 72 h of simulated microgravity--initial evidence from resting-state fMRI. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52558. [PMID: 23285086 PMCID: PMC3528642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide the basis and reference to further insights into the neural activity of the human brain in a microgravity environment, we discuss the amplitude changes of low-frequency brain activity fluctuations using a simulated microgravity model. Twelve male participants between 24 and 31 years old received resting-state fMRI scans in both a normal condition and after 72 hours in a -6° head down tilt (HDT). A paired sample t-test was used to test the amplitude differences of low-frequency brain activity fluctuations between these two conditions. With 72 hours in a -6° HDT, the participants showed a decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the left thalamus compared with the normal condition (a combined threshold of P<0.005 and a minimum cluster size of 351 mm(3) (13 voxels), which corresponded with the corrected threshold of P<0.05 determined by AlphaSim). Our findings indicate that a gravity change-induced redistribution of body fluid may disrupt the function of the left thalamus in the resting state, which may contribute to reduced motor control abilities and multiple executive functions in astronauts in a microgravity environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- Department of Psychology, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yibin Xi
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Zhu
- Department of Psychology, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Tregellas JR, Smucny J, Eichman L, Rojas DC. The effect of distracting noise on the neuronal mechanisms of attention in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2012; 142:230-6. [PMID: 23062751 PMCID: PMC4244005 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inability to ignore irrelevant environmental noise is a common problem for people with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to determine if the neuronal response to distracting noise is related to mechanisms of altered attention observed in the illness. METHOD Twenty-two outpatients with schizophrenia and seventeen healthy comparison subjects performed a selective attention task in the presence or absence of distracting environmental noise while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T. A separate condition examining passive response to the distracting noise also was included. RESULTS Group differences in neuronal response during the attention task were magnified by distracting noise, with the greatest difference being less response by patients, relative to comparison subjects, in the temporoparietal junction. Separate passive listening to distracting noise resulted in greater hippocampal response in patients, relative to comparison subjects. Across all subjects, hippocampal response to noise was inversely related to the degree to which the attention-task-related network was up-regulated to perform the task during distracting noise. CONCLUSIONS Given the observed hippocampal hyperactivity in response to environmental noise in patients and the inverse relationship between hippocampal response to noise and the effects of noise on the task-related network, hippocampal hyperactivity may contribute to impaired recruitment of attention networks in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Tregellas
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States.
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Differences in subcortical structures in young adolescents at familial risk for schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 2012; 204:68-74. [PMID: 23146250 PMCID: PMC3518556 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been associated with reduced volumes of subcortical structures on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the relation of these reductions to familial risk for the disorder is unclear. We investigated the effect of familial risk for schizophrenia on regional subcortical volumes during adolescence, a period marked by steep maturational changes in brain structure and the emergence of psychotic symptoms. A group of 26 non-help-seeking, first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and 43 matched healthy comparisons, between 9 and 18 years of age, underwent MRI scanning and were rated for the presence of prodromal symptoms. Five subcortical regions-of-interest were tested for group differences and group by age interactions, as well as correlations with low-level prodromal symptoms in the familial risk group. Relative to comparisons, familial risk subjects demonstrated greater positive volume-age relationships in hippocampus, putamen, and globus pallidus. These results suggest that relatives of individuals with schizophrenia exhibit structural abnormalities in the subcortex as early as pre-adolescence, which may reflect altered neurodevelopment of these regions.
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Hazlett EA, Collazo T, Zelmanova Y, Entis JJ, Chu KW, Goldstein KE, Roussos P, Haznedar MM, Koenigsberg HW, New AS, Buchsbaum MS, Hershowitz JP, Siever LJ, Byne W. Anterior limb of the internal capsule in schizotypal personality disorder: fiber-tract counting, volume, and anisotropy. Schizophr Res 2012; 141:119-27. [PMID: 22995934 PMCID: PMC3742803 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that white matter abnormalities and altered subcortical-cortical connectivity may be central to the pathology of schizophrenia (SZ). The anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) is an important thalamo-frontal white-matter tract shown to have volume reductions in SZ and to a lesser degree in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). While fractional anisotropy (FA) and connectivity abnormalities in the ALIC have been reported in SZ, they have not been examined in SPD. In the current study, magnetic resonance (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained in age- and sex-matched individuals with SPD (n=33) and healthy controls (HCs; n=38). The ALIC was traced bilaterally on five equally spaced dorsal-to-ventral axial slices from each participant's MRI scan and co-registered to DTI for the calculation of FA. Tractography was used to examine tracts between the ALIC and two key Brodmann areas (BAs; BA10, BA45) within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Compared with HCs, the SPD participants exhibited (a) smaller relative volume at the mid-ventral ALIC slice level but not the other levels; (b) normal FA within the ALIC; (c) fewer relative number of tracts between the most-dorsal ALIC levels and BA10 but not BA45 and (d) fewer dorsal ALIC-DLPFC tracts were associated with greater symptom severity in SPD. In contrast to prior SZ studies that report lower FA, individuals with SPD show sparing. Our findings are consistent with a pattern of milder thalamo-frontal dysconnectivity in SPD than schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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