1
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Schmitz L, Wahn B, Krüger M. Attention allocation in complementary joint action: How joint goals affect spatial orienting. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023:10.3758/s13414-023-02779-1. [PMID: 37684501 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
When acting jointly, individuals often attend and respond to the same object or spatial location in complementary ways (e.g., when passing a mug, one person grasps its handle with a precision grip; the other receives it with a whole-hand grip). At the same time, the spatial relation between individuals' actions affects attentional orienting: one is slower to attend and respond to locations another person previously acted upon than to alternate locations ("social inhibition of return", social IOR). Achieving joint goals (e.g., passing a mug), however, often requires complementary return responses to a co-actor's previous location. This raises the question of whether attentional orienting, and hence the social IOR, is affected by the (joint) goal our actions are directed at. The present study addresses this question. Participants responded to cued locations on a computer screen, taking turns with a virtual co-actor. They pursued either an individual goal or performed complementary actions with the co-actor, in pursuit of a joint goal. Four experiments showed that the social IOR was significantly modulated when participant and co-actor pursued a joint goal. This suggests that attentional orienting is affected not only by the spatial but also by the social relation between two agents' actions. Our findings thus extend research on interpersonal perception-action effects, showing that the way another agent's perceived action shapes our own depends on whether we share a joint goal with that agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schmitz
- Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Basil Wahn
- Institute of Educational Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie Krüger
- Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Kohler N, Novembre G, Gugnowska K, Keller PE, Villringer A, Sammler D. Cortico-cerebellar audio-motor regions coordinate self and other in musical joint action. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2804-2822. [PMID: 35771593 PMCID: PMC10016054 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint music performance requires flexible sensorimotor coordination between self and other. Cognitive and sensory parameters of joint action-such as shared knowledge or temporal (a)synchrony-influence this coordination by shifting the balance between self-other segregation and integration. To investigate the neural bases of these parameters and their interaction during joint action, we asked pianists to play on an MR-compatible piano, in duet with a partner outside of the scanner room. Motor knowledge of the partner's musical part and the temporal compatibility of the partner's action feedback were manipulated. First, we found stronger activity and functional connectivity within cortico-cerebellar audio-motor networks when pianists had practiced their partner's part before. This indicates that they simulated and anticipated the auditory feedback of the partner by virtue of an internal model. Second, we observed stronger cerebellar activity and reduced behavioral adaptation when pianists encountered subtle asynchronies between these model-based anticipations and the perceived sensory outcome of (familiar) partner actions, indicating a shift towards self-other segregation. These combined findings demonstrate that cortico-cerebellar audio-motor networks link motor knowledge and other-produced sounds depending on cognitive and sensory factors of the joint performance, and play a crucial role in balancing self-other integration and segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kohler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Gugnowska
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter E Keller
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Sammler
- Corresponding author: Daniela Sammler, MPI for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt/M., Germany.
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3
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Two-monkey fMRI setup for investigating multifaceted aspects of social cognition and behavior involving a real-live conspecific. Neuroimage 2022; 255:119187. [PMID: 35398283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While brain research over the past decades has shed light on the neural correlates of social cognition and behavior in human and non-human primates, most of this research has been performed in virtual settings requiring subjects to observe pictures or recorded videos instead of observing or interacting with another real-live individual. Here we present a two-monkey fMRI setup, allowing examining whole brain responses in macaque monkeys while they observe or interact face-to-face with another real-live conspecific. We tested this setup by comparing overall brain responses during observation of conspecific hand actions in a virtual (observation of recorded videos of actions) or live context (observation of a real-live conspecific performing actions). This dyadic monkey fMRI setup allows examining brain-wide responses in macaque monkeys during different aspects of social behavior, including observation of real-live actions and sensations, social facilitation, joint-attention and social interactions.
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4
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Mnif M, Chikh S, Jarraya M. Effect of Social Context on Cognitive and Motor Behavior: A Systematic Review. J Mot Behav 2022; 54:631-647. [PMID: 35379082 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2022.2060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human cognitive and motor behavior is influenced by the social contexts. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the impact of the social contexts on human behaviors. A systematic search of the literature was performed via Pub-Med/Medline, Web of sciences, Google scholar, Science direct, Springer-Link and EMBASE and 68 articles were selected. After applying all the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were retained. The results show that the presence of other people and the social context influence motor behavior (i.e. movement duration, trajectory behavior, maximum speed) and cognitive behavior (reaction time). Studies have shown an improvement in performance in the presence of other people compared to the individual situation. However, other studies showed that the presence of other people led to deterioration in performance compared to the individual situation. The improvement of behavior is attributed to the social phenomenon of facilitation while the deterioration was explained by the conduct theory or the distraction conflict theory. These social phenomena of facilitation or inhibition could be related to the perception-action theory, which interferes with interaction with other. This, in turn, seems to be associated with neural circuits of mirror neurons and motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mnif
- Education, Motricity, Sport and Health Research Laboratory, EMSS-LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Soufien Chikh
- Education, Motricity, Sport and Health Research Laboratory, EMSS-LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- Education, Motricity, Sport and Health Research Laboratory, EMSS-LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
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5
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Balconi M, Fronda G. Autonomic system tuning during gesture observation and reproduction. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 222:103477. [PMID: 34971949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestural communication allows providing information about thoughts and feelings, characterizing face-to-face interactions, also during non-verbal exchanges. In the present study, the autonomic responses and peripheral synchronization mechanisms of two individuals (encoder and decoder) were recorded simultaneously, through the use of biofeedback in hyperscanning, during two different experimental phases consisting in the observation (watching videos of gestures) and reproduction of positive and negative different types of gestures (affective, social and informative) supported by linguistic contexts. Therefore, the main aim of this study was focused on the analysis of simultaneous individuals' peripheral mechanisms during the performing of complex joint action, consisting of the observation (watching videos) and the reproduction of positive and negative social, affective, and informative gestures each supported by a linguistic script. Single-subject and inter-subject correlation analyses were conducted to observe individuals' autonomic responses and physiological synchronization. Single-subject results revealed an increase in emotional arousal, indicated by an increase in electrodermal activity (skin conductance level - SCL and response - SCR), during both the observation (watching videos) and reproduction of negative social and affective gestures contextualized by a linguistic context. Moreover, an increase of emotional engagement, expressed by an increase in heart rate (HR) activity, emerged in the encoder compare to the decoder during gestures reproduction (simulation of gestures). Inter-subject correlation results showed the presence of mirroring mechanisms, indicated by an increase in SCL, SCR, and HR synchronization, during the linguistic contexts and gesture observation (watching videos). Furthermore, an increase in SCL and SCR synchronization emerged during the observation (watching videos) and reproduction of negative social and affective gestures. Therefore, the present study allowed to obtain information on the mirroring mechanisms and physiological synchronization underlying the linguistic and gesture system during non-verbal interaction.
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6
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OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4934-4951. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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7
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Giesen CG, Frings C. Not so social after all: Video-based acquisition of observational stimulus-response bindings. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 217:103330. [PMID: 33991796 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Merely observing how another person responds to a stimulus results in incidental stimulus-response (SR) bindings in memory. These observationally acquired SR bindings can be retrieved on a later occasion. Retrieval will bias current behavioral response tendencies towards re-execution of the observed response. Previous demonstrations of this effect endorsed a dyadic interaction paradigm in which two co-actors respond in alternating fashion. The present paper investigates a video-based version of the observational SR binding task in which videotaped responses are observed on screen. Whereas findings from the dyadic paradigm indicate that retrieval of observationally acquired SR bindings is modulated by social relevance, the video-based paradigm is not influenced by social moderators. Data of four experiments show that manipulations of visual perspective, natural and artificial group membership had no modulatory effect on retrieval of observationally acquired SR bindings in the video-based paradigm. The absence of any socially modulated effect in the video-based paradigm is supported by Bayesian statistics in favor of the null hypothesis. Data from a fifth experiment suggests that observational SR binding and retrieval effects in the video-based paradigm reflect the influence of spatial attention allocated towards response keys of observed responses. Implications for the suitability of both paradigms to study observational learning and joint action phenomena are discussed.
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8
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Panico F, De Marco S, Sagliano L, D'Olimpio F, Grossi D, Trojano L. Brain hemodynamic response in Examiner-Examinee dyads during spatial short-term memory task: an fNIRS study. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1607-1616. [PMID: 33751169 PMCID: PMC8144143 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Corsi Block-Tapping test (CBT) is a measure of spatial working memory (WM) in clinical practice, requiring an examinee to reproduce sequences of cubes tapped by an examiner. CBT implies complementary behaviors in the examiners and the examinees, as they have to attend a precise turn taking. Previous studies demonstrated that the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) is activated during CBT, but scarce evidence is available on the neural correlates of CBT in the real setting. We assessed PFC activity in dyads of examiner–examinee participants while completing the real version of CBT, during conditions of increasing and exceeding workload. This procedure allowed to investigate whether brain activity in the dyads is coordinated. Results in the examinees showed that PFC activity was higher when the workload approached or reached participants’ spatial WM span, and lower during workload conditions that were largely below or above their span. Interestingly, findings in the examiners paralleled the ones in the examinees, as examiners’ brain activity increased and decreased in a similar way as the examinees’ one. In the examiners, higher left-hemisphere activity was observed suggesting the likely activation of non-spatial WM processes. Data support a bell-shaped relationship between cognitive load and brain activity, and provide original insights on the cognitive processes activated in the examiner during CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panico
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Stefania De Marco
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Laura Sagliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Olimpio
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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9
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Boukarras S, Era V, Aglioti SM, Candidi M. Competence-based social status and implicit preference modulate the ability to coordinate during a joint grasping task. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5321. [PMID: 33674640 PMCID: PMC7935999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that social status influences people's social perceptions. Less information is available about whether induced social status influences dyadic coordination during motor interactions. To explore this issue, we designed a study in which two confederates obtained high or low competence-based status by playing a game together with the participant, while the participant always occupied the middle position of the hierarchy. Following this status-inducing phase, participants were engaged in a joint grasping task with the high- and low-status confederates in different sessions while behavioural (i.e., interpersonal asynchrony and movement start time) indexes were measured. Participants' performance in the task (i.e., level of interpersonal asynchrony) when interacting with the low-status partner was modulated by their preference for him. The lower participants' preference for a low- relative to a high-status confederate, the worse participants' performance when interacting with the low-status confederate. Our results show that participants' performance during motor interactions changes according to the social status of the interaction partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Boukarras
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Era
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome and CNLS@Sapienza Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Sacheli LM, Musco MA, Zazzera E, Paulesu E. Mechanisms for mutual support in motor interactions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3060. [PMID: 33542259 PMCID: PMC7862452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
What is the key to successful interaction? Is it sufficient to represent a common goal, or does the way our partner achieves that goal count as well? How do we react when our partner misbehaves? We used a turn-taking music-like task requiring participants to play sequences of notes together with a partner, and we investigated how people adapt to a partner's error that violates their expectations. Errors consisted of either playing a wrong note of a sequence that the agents were playing together (thus preventing the achievement of the joint goal) or playing the expected note with an unexpected action. In both cases, we found post-error slowing and inaccuracy suggesting the participants' implicit tendency to correct the partner's error and produce the action that the partner should have done. We argue that these "joint" monitoring processes depend on the motor predictions made within a (dyadic) motor plan and may represent a basic mechanism for mutual support in motor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
| | - Margherita Adelaide Musco
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Zazzera
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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11
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Bolt NK, Loehr JD. The motor-related brain activity that supports joint action: A review. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 212:103218. [PMID: 33307297 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a rapid increase in research investigating the motor-related brain activity that supports joint action. This research has employed a variety of joint action tasks and an array of neuroimaging techniques, including fMRI, fNIRS, EEG, and TMS. In this review, we provide an overview of this research to delineate what is known about the motor-related brain activity that contributes to joint action and to highlight key questions for future research. Taken together, the surveyed research supports three major conclusions. First, the mere presence of a joint action context is sufficient to modulate motor activity elicited by observing others' actions. Second, joint action is supported by dissociable motor activity associated with a person's own actions, their partner's actions, and the joint action, and by between-brain coupling of motor-related oscillatory activity. Third, the structure of a joint action modulates the motor activity involved: Unique motor activity is associated with performing joint actions comprised of complementary actions and with holding the roles of leader and follower within a joint action. We conclude the review by highlighting overarching themes and key questions for future research.
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12
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Yuan S, Zhao B, Zhang P, Bai X. The influence of prior intention on joint action: an fNIRS-based hyperscanning study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:1351-1360. [PMID: 33216127 PMCID: PMC7759205 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor performances of the same action are affected by prior intentions to move unintentionally, cooperatively or competitively. Here, a back-and-forth movement task combined with a motion capture system and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning technology was utilized to record both the behavioral and neural data of 18 dyads of participants acting in pairs [joint conditions: no-intention, cooperative (Coop) and competitive (Comp)] or alone (single conditions: self-paced and fast-speed). The results revealed that Coop or Comp intentions in the joint conditions significantly sped up motor performance compared with similar single conditions, e.g. shorter movement times (MTs) in the Coop/Comp condition than the self-paced/fast-speed condition. Hemodynamic response analysis demonstrated that stronger activities for all joint conditions than the single conditions in the premotor and the supplementary motor cortex (Brodmann area 6) were independent of variations of MTs, indicating that they might reflect more complex aspects of action planning rather than simple execution-based processes. The comparisons of joint conditions across distinct prior intentions before acting yielded significant results for both behavioral and neural measures, with the highest activation of the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the shortest MTs in the Comp condition considered to be implications for the top-down influence of prior intentions on joint performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China.,Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China.,Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
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13
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Chen YH, Chang CY, Huang SK, Yen NS. Nonlinear engagement of action observation network underlying action anticipation in players with different levels of expertise. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:5199-5214. [PMID: 32845066 PMCID: PMC7670634 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to reconcile inconsistency of neural engagement underlying action anticipation between experts and nonexperts, as well as between correct and incorrect anticipations. Therefore, we asked novice, intermediate, and skilled baseball batters (N, IB, and SB) to anticipate their swing decisions in response to pitching videos of a strike or ball, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral results confirmed the effect of expertise that is generally shown in a linear fashion. Imaging results instead revealed a nonlinear relationship between expertise level and the evoked response amplitude of nodes within the action observation network. The relationship was best captured by an inverted U‐shaped quadratic response profile across the three groups such that IB exhibited higher activation than did both SB and N. These empirical findings extend the framework of predictive coding as well as of neural efficiency in anticipating the action of others, and they might be associated with the underlying process to interpret the goal of the observed action and prepare one's own response. Furthermore, the right anterior cerebellum showed different levels of activation for correct and incorrect anticipations in all groups, adding novel evidence of its subtle involvement in anticipation processes irrespective of expertise status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Chen
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chang
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kuei Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Shing Yen
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Curioni A, Knoblich GK, Sebanz N, Sacheli LM. The engaging nature of interactive gestures. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232128. [PMID: 32324834 PMCID: PMC7179864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The social interactions that we experience from early infancy often involve actions that are not strictly instrumental but engage the recipient by eliciting a (complementary) response. Interactive gestures may have privileged access to our perceptual and motor systems either because of their intrinsically engaging nature or as a result of extensive social learning. We compared these two hypotheses in a series of behavioral experiments by presenting individuals with interactive gestures that call for motor responses to complement the interaction ('hand shaking', 'requesting', 'high-five') and with communicative gestures that are equally socially relevant and salient, but do not strictly require a response from the recipient ('Ok', 'Thumbs up', 'Peace'). By means of a spatial compatibility task, we measured the interfering power of these task-irrelevant stimuli on the behavioral responses of individuals asked to respond to a target. Across three experiments, our results showed that the interactive gestures impact on response selection and reduce spatial compatibility effects as compared to the communicative (non-interactive) gestures. Importantly, this effect was independent of the activation of specific social scripts that may interfere with response selection. Overall, our results show that interactive gestures have privileged access to our perceptual and motor systems, possibly because they entail an automatic preparation to respond that involuntary engages the motor system of the observers. We discuss the implications from a developmental and neurophysiological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Curioni
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Natalie Sebanz
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Although a large proportion of our lives are spent participating in social interactions, the investigation of the neural mechanisms supporting these interactions has largely been restricted to situations of social observation - that is, situations in which an individual observes a social stimulus without opportunity for interaction. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop a truly social, or 'second-person', neuroscientific approach to these investigations in which neural processes are examined within the context of a real-time reciprocal social interaction. These developments have helped to elucidate the behavioural and neural mechanisms of social interactions; however, further theoretical and methodological innovations are still needed. Findings to date suggest that the neural mechanisms supporting social interaction differ from those involved in social observation and highlight a role of the so-called 'mentalizing network' as important in this distinction. Taking social interaction seriously may also be particularly important for the advancement of the neuroscientific study of different psychiatric conditions.
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16
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Sacheli LM, Verga C, Arcangeli E, Banfi G, Tettamanti M, Paulesu E. How Task Interactivity Shapes Action Observation. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:5302-5314. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Action observation triggers imitation, a powerful mechanism permitting interpersonal coordination. Coordination, however, also occurs when the partners’ actions are nonimitative and physically incongruent. One influential theory postulates that this is achieved via top-down modulation of imitation exerted by prefrontal regions. Here, we rather argue that coordination depends on sharing a goal with the interacting partner: this shapes action observation, overriding involuntary imitation, through the predictive activity of the left ventral premotor cortex (lvPMc). During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants played music in turn with a virtual partner in interactive and noninteractive conditions requiring 50% of imitative/nonimitative responses. In a full-factorial design, both perceptual features and low-level motor requirements were kept constant throughout the experiment. Behaviorally, the interactive context minimized visuomotor interference due to the involuntary imitation of physically incongruent movements. This was paralleled by modulation of neural activity in the lvPMc, which was specifically recruited during the interactive task independently of the imitative/nonimitative nature of the social exchange. This lvPMc activity reflected the predictive decoding of the partner’s actions, as revealed by multivariate pattern analysis. This demonstrates that, during interactions, we process our partners’ behavior to prospectively infer their contribution to the shared goal achievement, generating motor predictions for cooperation beyond low-level imitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sacheli
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy
| | - C Verga
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - E Arcangeli
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - G Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy
- Università Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - M Tettamanti
- Centro Interdipartimentale Mente/Cervello, Università degli Studi di Trento, Rovereto 38068, Italy
| | - E Paulesu
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy
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17
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Gandolfo M, Era V, Tieri G, Sacheli LM, Candidi M. Interactor's body shape does not affect visuo-motor interference effects during motor coordination. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 196:42-50. [PMID: 30986565 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological-tuning of the Action Observation Network is highly debated. A current open question relates to whether the morphological appearance (body shape) and/or the biological motion of the observed agent triggers action simulation processes. Motor simulation of the partner's action is critical for motor interactions, where two partners coordinate their actions in space and time. It supports interpersonal alignment and facilitates online coordination. However, motor simulation also leads to visuo-motor interference effects when people are required to coordinate with complementary actions, i.e. incongruent movements as compared to the observed ones. Movement kinematics of interactive partners allows us to capture their automatic tendency to simulate and imitate the partner's complementary movements. In an online reach-to-grasp task, we investigated whether visuo-motor interference effects, visible in the kinematics of complementary movements, are modulated by the visual presence of the interactor's body shape. We asked participants to interact with 1) a humanoid agent with a human-like body shape and with real human, biological, movement kinematics, or 2) a non-humanoid agent, which did not resemble the human body-shape but moved with the same real kinematics. Through the combination of inferential and Bayesian statistics, the results show no effect of interactor's body shape on visuo-motor interference in reaching and grasping kinematics during online motor coordination. We discuss the results and propose that the kinematics of the observed movements, during motor interactions, might be the key factor for visuo-motor interference to take place independently from the morphological appearance of the partner. This is particularly relevant in a technological society that constantly asks humans to interact with artificial agents.
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Vanzella P, Balardin JB, Furucho RA, Zimeo Morais GA, Braun Janzen T, Sammler D, Sato JR. fNIRS Responses in Professional Violinists While Playing Duets: Evidence for Distinct Leader and Follower Roles at the Brain Level. Front Psychol 2019; 10:164. [PMID: 30804846 PMCID: PMC6370678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Music played in ensembles is a naturalistic model to study joint action and leader-follower relationships. Recently, the investigation of the brain underpinnings of joint musical actions has gained attention; however, the cerebral correlates underlying the roles of leader and follower in music performance remain elusive. The present study addressed this question by simultaneously measuring the hemodynamic correlates of functional neural activity elicited during naturalistic violin duet performance using fNIRS. Findings revealed distinct patterns of functional brain activation when musicians played the Violin 2 (follower) than the Violin 1 part (leader) in duets, both compared to solo performance. More specifically, results indicated that musicians playing the Violin 2 part had greater oxy-Hb activation in temporo-parietal (p = 0.02) and somatomotor (p = 0.04) regions during the duo condition in relation to the solo. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the activation of these areas between duo/solo conditions during the execution of the Violin 1 part (p's > 0.05). These findings suggest that ensemble cohesion during a musical performance may impose particular demands when musicians play the follower position, especially in brain areas associated with the processing of dynamic social information and motor simulation. This study is the first to use fNIRS hyperscanning technology to simultaneously measure the brain activity of two musicians during naturalistic music ensemble performance, opening new avenues for the investigation of brain correlates underlying joint musical actions with multiple subjects in a naturalistic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vanzella
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Neurociência Aplicada, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Joana B. Balardin
- Hospital Albert Einstein, Instituto do Cérebro – Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério A. Furucho
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Sammler
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - João R. Sato
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Neurociência Aplicada, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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Era V, Candidi M, Gandolfo M, Sacheli LM, Aglioti SM. Inhibition of left anterior intraparietal sulcus shows that mutual adjustment marks dyadic joint-actions in humans. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:492-500. [PMID: 29660090 PMCID: PMC6007351 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating real-life dynamic contexts to study interactive behaviors is a fundamental challenge for the social neuroscience of interpersonal relations. Real synchronic interpersonal motor interactions involve online, inter-individual mutual adaptation (the ability to adapt one’s movements to those of another in order to achieve a shared goal). In order to study the contribution of the left anterior Intra Parietal Sulcus (aIPS) (i.e. a region supporting motor functions) to mutual adaptation, here, we combined a behavioral grasping task where pairs of participants synchronized their actions when performing mutually adaptive imitative and complementary movements, with the inhibition of activity of aIPS via non-invasive brain stimulation. This approach allowed us to investigate whether aIPS supports online complementary and imitative interactions. Behavioral results showed that inhibition of aIPS selectively impairs pair performance during complementary compared to imitative interactions. Notably, this effect depended on pairs’ mutual adaptation skills and was higher for pairs composed of participants who were less capable of adapting to each other. Thus, we provide the first causative evidence for a role of the left aIPS in supporting mutually adaptive interactions and show that the inhibition of the neural resources of one individual of a pair is compensated at the dyadic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Era
- SCNLab, Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- SCNLab, Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gandolfo
- SCNLab, Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Maria Sacheli
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- SCNLab, Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy
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20
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When Imitation Meets Context: The Case of Initiative Complementary Action. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Candidi M, Sacheli LM, Era V, Canzano L, Tieri G, Aglioti SM. Come together: human-avatar on-line interactions boost joint-action performance in apraxic patients. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1793-1802. [PMID: 29140533 PMCID: PMC5714226 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb apraxia (LA) is a high-order motor disorder linked to left-hemisphere damage. It is characterized by defective execution of purposeful actions upon delayed imitation, or verbal command when the actions are performed in isolated, non-naturalistic, conditions. Whether interpersonal interactions provide social affordances that activate neural resources different from those requested by individual action execution, which may improve LA performance, is unknown. To fill this gap, we measured interaction performance, behavioral and kinematic indexes of left-brain damaged patients with/without LA in a social reach-to-grasp task involving two different degrees of spatio-temporal interactivity with an avatar. We found that LA patients' impairment in coordinating with the virtual partner was abolished in highly interactive conditions (where patients selected their actions on-line based on the behavior of the virtual partner) with respect to low interactive conditions (where actions were selected beforehand based on abstract instructions). Voxel-based-Lesion-Symptom-Mapping indicated that impairments in low-interactive conditions were underpinned by lesions of premotor, motor and insular areas, and of the basal ganglia. Our approach expands current understanding of the behavioral and neural correlates of interactive motor performance by highlighting the important role of social affordances, and provides novel, potentially important, views on rehabilitation of higher-order motor cognition disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia M Sacheli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Era
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Canzano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Tieri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy.,"Unitelme Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore M Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00100 Rome, Italy
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22
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Sacheli LM, Arcangeli E, Paulesu E. Evidence for a dyadic motor plan in joint action. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5027. [PMID: 29567946 PMCID: PMC5864721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
What mechanisms distinguish interactive from non-interactive actions? To answer this question we tested participants while they took turns playing music with a virtual partner: in the interactive joint action condition, the participants played a melody together with their partner by grasping (C note) or pressing (G note) a cube-shaped instrument, alternating in playing one note each. In the non-interactive control condition, players’ behavior was not guided by a shared melody, so that the partner’s actions and notes were irrelevant to the participant. In both conditions, the participant’s and partner’s actions were physically congruent (e.g., grasp-grasp) or incongruent (e.g., grasp-point), and the partner’s association between actions and notes was coherent with the participant’s or reversed. Performance in the non-interactive condition was only affected by physical incongruence, whereas joint action was only affected when the partner’s action-note associations were reversed. This shows that task interactivity shapes the sensorimotor coding of others’ behaviors, and that joint action is based on active prediction of the partner’s action effects rather than on passive action imitation. We suggest that such predictions are based on Dyadic Motor Plans that represent both the agent’s and the partner’s contributions to the interaction goal, like playing a melody together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy. .,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Arcangeli
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy
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23
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Chauvigné LAS, Belyk M, Brown S. Taking two to tango: fMRI analysis of improvised joint action with physical contact. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191098. [PMID: 29324862 PMCID: PMC5764359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many forms of joint action involve physical coupling between the participants, such as when moving a sofa together or dancing a tango. We report the results of a novel two-person functional MRI study in which trained couple dancers engaged in bimanual contact with an experimenter standing next to the bore of the magnet, and in which the two alternated between being the leader and the follower of joint improvised movements. Leading showed a general pattern of self-orientation, being associated with brain areas involved in motor planning, navigation, sequencing, action monitoring, and error correction. In contrast, following showed a far more sensory, externally-oriented pattern, revealing areas involved in somatosensation, proprioception, motion tracking, social cognition, and outcome monitoring. We also had participants perform a "mutual" condition in which the movement patterns were pre-learned and the roles were symmetric, thereby minimizing any tendency toward either leading or following. The mutual condition showed greater activity in brain areas involved in mentalizing and social reward than did leading or following. Finally, the analysis of improvisation revealed the dual importance of motor-planning and working-memory areas. We discuss these results in terms of theories of both joint action and improvisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa A. S. Chauvigné
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Belyk
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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24
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Sacheli LM, Tieri G, Aglioti SM, Candidi M. Transitory Inhibition of the Left Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus Impairs Joint Actions: A Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation Study. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:737-751. [PMID: 29308985 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although temporal coordination is a hallmark of motor interactions, joint action (JA) partners do not simply synchronize; rather, they dynamically adapt to each other to achieve a joint goal. We created a novel paradigm to tease apart the processes underlying synchronization and JA and tested the causal contribution of the left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) in these behaviors. Participants had to synchronize their congruent or incongruent movements with a virtual partner in two conditions: (i) being instructed on what specific action to perform, independently from what action the partner performed (synchronization), and (ii) being instructed to adapt online to the partner's action (JA). Offline noninvasive inhibitory brain stimulation (continuous theta-burst stimulation) over the left aIPS selectively modulated interpersonal synchrony in JA by boosting synchrony during congruent interactions and impairing it during incongruent ones, while leaving performance in the synchronization condition unaffected. These results suggest that the left aIPS plays a causal role in supporting online adaptation to a partner's action goal, whereas it is not necessarily engaged in social situations where the goal of the partner is irrelevant. This indicates that, during JAs, the integration of one's own and the partner's action goal is supported by aIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Sacheli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - Gaetano Tieri
- University of Milano-Bicocca.,University UNITELMA Sapienza
| | | | - Matteo Candidi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,"Sapienza" University of Rome
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Redcay E, Warnell KR. A Social-Interactive Neuroscience Approach to Understanding the Developing Brain. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 54:1-44. [PMID: 29455860 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
From birth onward, social interaction is central to our everyday lives. Our ability to seek out social partners, flexibly navigate and learn from social interactions, and develop social relationships is critically important for our social and cognitive development and for our mental and physical health. Despite the importance of our social interactions, the neurodevelopmental bases of such interactions are underexplored, as most research examines social processing in noninteractive contexts. We begin this chapter with evidence from behavioral work and adult neuroimaging studies demonstrating how social-interactive context fundamentally alters cognitive and neural processing. We then highlight four brain networks that play key roles in social interaction and, drawing on existing developmental neuroscience literature, posit the functional roles these networks may play in social-interactive development. We conclude by discussing how a social-interactive neuroscience approach holds great promise for advancing our understanding of both typical and atypical social development.
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26
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Buxbaum LJ. Learning, remembering, and predicting how to use tools: Distributed neurocognitive mechanisms: Comment on Osiurak and Badets (2016). Psychol Rev 2017; 124:346-360. [PMID: 28358565 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reasoning-based approach championed by Francois Osiurak and Arnaud Badets (Osiurak & Badets, 2016) denies the existence of sensory-motor memories of tool use except in limited circumstances, and suggests instead that most tool use is subserved solely by online technical reasoning about tool properties. In this commentary, I highlight the strengths and limitations of the reasoning-based approach and review a number of lines of evidence that manipulation knowledge is in fact used in tool action tasks. In addition, I present a "two route" neurocognitive model of tool use called the "Two Action Systems Plus (2AS+)" framework that posits a complementary role for online and stored information and specifies the neurocognitive substrates of task-relevant action selection. This framework, unlike the reasoning based approach, has the potential to integrate the existing psychological and functional neuroanatomic data in the tool use domain. (PsycINFO Database Record
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27
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Curioni A, Minio-Paluello I, Sacheli LM, Candidi M, Aglioti SM. Autistic traits affect interpersonal motor coordination by modulating strategic use of role-based behavior. Mol Autism 2017; 8:23. [PMID: 28616126 PMCID: PMC5466762 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the fact that deficits in social communication and interaction are at the core of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC), no study has yet tested individuals on a continuum from neurotypical development to autism in an on-line, cooperative, joint action task. In our study, we aimed to assess whether the degree of autistic traits affects participants' ability to modulate their motor behavior while interacting in a Joint Grasping task and according to their given role. Methods Sixteen pairs of adult participants played a cooperative social interactive game in which they had to synchronize their reach-to-grasp movements. Pairs were comprised of one ASC and one neurotypical with no cognitive disability. In alternate experimental blocks, one participant knew what action to perform (instructed role) while the other had to infer it from his/her partner’s action (adaptive role). When in the adaptive condition, participants were told to respond with an action that was either opposite or similar to their partner. Participants also played a non-social control game in which they had to synchronize with a non-biological stimulus. Results In the social interactive task, higher degree of autistic traits predicted less ability to modulate joint action according to one’s interactive role. In the non-social task, autistic traits did not predict differences in movement preparation and planning, thus ruling out the possibility that social interactive task results were due to basic motor or executive function difficulties. Furthermore, when participants played the non-social game, the higher their autistic traits, the more they were interfered by the non-biological stimulus. Conclusions Our study shows for the first time that high autistic traits predict a stereotypical interaction style when individuals are required to modulate their movements in order to coordinate with their partner according to their role in a joint action task. Specifically, the infrequent emergence of role-based motor behavior modulation during on-line motor cooperation in participants with high autistic traits sheds light on the numerous difficulties ASC have in nonverbal social interactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0141-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Curioni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, October 6 Street, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilaria Minio-Paluello
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Maria Sacheli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), Bicocca University of Milan, Piazza dell' Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome, Italy
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28
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Plata-Bello J, Modroño C, Hernández-Martín E, Pérez-Martín Y, Fariña H, Castañón-Pérez A, Marcano F, González-Mora JL. The mirror neuron system also rests. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2193-2202. [PMID: 27838795 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a brain network that has been associated with the understanding of the actions performed by others. The main areas of the brain that are considered as belonging to the MNS are the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Many studies have tried to focus on the relationship between the regions belonging to the MNS, but a little consideration has been given to the study of the MNS in resting conditions. In the present experiment, the MNS has been studied by two fMRI modalities (task-based fMRI and resting-fMRI) and three analytical procedures [task-block comparison, functional connectivity (FC), and independent component analysis (ICA)]. The task-fMRI with block design showed a mirror activity located in the rostral IPL. The coordinates of this local maximum voxel were defined as a region of interest (ROI) for an FC analysis of the resting-fMRI. This analysis revealed the existence of a functional connectivity within regions forming the core of MNS network and also with other regions with mirror properties. Finally, resting-state fMRI ICA showed the same functional network, although it was more restricted to the core MNS regions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that approaches the MNS using the resting-state fMRI analysis using independent component analysis and functional connectivity at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plata-Bello
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, CP 38320, La Laguna, Spain.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, S/C de Tenerife, CP 38320, La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Cristián Modroño
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, CP 38320, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Yaiza Pérez-Martín
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, S/C de Tenerife, CP 38320, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Helga Fariña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, CP 38320, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Abril Castañón-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, CP 38320, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco Marcano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, CP 38320, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Luis González-Mora
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, CP 38320, La Laguna, Spain
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Reader AT, Holmes NP. Examining ecological validity in social interaction: problems of visual fidelity, gaze, and social potential. CULTURE AND BRAIN 2016; 4:134-146. [PMID: 27867831 PMCID: PMC5095160 DOI: 10.1007/s40167-016-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction is an essential part of the human experience, and much work has been done to study it. However, several common approaches to examining social interactions in psychological research may inadvertently either unnaturally constrain the observed behaviour by causing it to deviate from naturalistic performance, or introduce unwanted sources of variance. In particular, these sources are the differences between naturalistic and experimental behaviour that occur from changes in visual fidelity (quality of the observed stimuli), gaze (whether it is controlled for in the stimuli), and social potential (potential for the stimuli to provide actual interaction). We expand on these possible sources of extraneous variance and why they may be important. We review the ways in which experimenters have developed novel designs to remove these sources of extraneous variance. New experimental designs using a 'two-person' approach are argued to be one of the most effective ways to develop more ecologically valid measures of social interaction, and we suggest that future work on social interaction should use these designs wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arran T. Reader
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, Reading, RG6 6AL UK
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30
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Candidi M, Curioni A, Donnarumma F, Sacheli LM, Pezzulo G. Interactional leader-follower sensorimotor communication strategies during repetitive joint actions. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:0644. [PMID: 26333815 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-verbal communication is the basis of animal interactions. In dyadic leader-follower interactions, leaders master the ability to carve their motor behaviour in order to 'signal' their future actions and internal plans while these signals influence the behaviour of follower partners, who automatically tend to imitate the leader even in complementary interactions. Despite their usefulness, signalling and imitation have a biomechanical cost, and it is unclear how this cost-benefits trade-off is managed during repetitive dyadic interactions that present learnable regularities. We studied signalling and imitation dynamics (indexed by movement kinematics) in pairs of leaders and followers during a repetitive, rule-based, joint action. Trial-by-trial Bayesian model comparison was used to evaluate the relation between signalling, imitation and pair performance. The different models incorporate different hypotheses concerning the factors (past interactions versus online movements) influencing the leader's signalling (or follower's imitation) kinematics. This approach showed that (i) leaders' signalling strategy improves future couple performance, (ii) leaders used the history of past interactions to shape their signalling, (iii) followers' imitative behaviour is more strongly affected by the online movement of the leader. This study elucidates the ways online sensorimotor communication help individuals align their task representations and ultimately improves joint action performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via Ardeatina 306, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Curioni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via Ardeatina 306, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Donnarumma
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia, 44, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via Ardeatina 306, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia, 44, 00185 Rome, Italy
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31
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Simpson EA, Miller GM, Ferrari PF, Suomi SJ, Paukner A. Neonatal imitation and early social experience predict gaze following abilities in infant monkeys. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20233. [PMID: 26831763 PMCID: PMC4735292 DOI: 10.1038/srep20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals vary in their social skills and motivation, the causes of which remain largely unknown. Here we investigated whether an individual’s propensity to interact with others measured within days after birth, and differences in infants’ early social environment, may predict a later social skill. Specifically, we tested whether neonatal imitation—newborns’ capacity to match modelled actions—and social experience in the first months of life predict gaze following (directing attention to locations where others look), in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta; n = 119). Facial gesture imitation in the first week of life predicted gaze following at 7 months of age. Imitators were better at gaze following than non-imitators, suggesting neonatal imitation may be an early marker predicting socio-cognitive functioning. In addition, infants with rich social environments outperformed infants with less socialization, suggesting early social experiences also support the development of infants’ gaze following competence. The present study offers compelling evidence that an individual difference present from birth predicts a functional social cognitive skill in later infancy. In addition, this foundational skill—gaze following—is plastic, and can be improved through social interactions, providing infants with a strong foundation for later social interaction and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, USA
| | - Grace M Miller
- Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, USA.,Clinical and School Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Pier F Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stephen J Suomi
- Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, USA
| | - Annika Paukner
- Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, USA
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32
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Parsons TD. Virtual Reality for Enhanced Ecological Validity and Experimental Control in the Clinical, Affective and Social Neurosciences. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:660. [PMID: 26696869 PMCID: PMC4675850 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential tension can be found between researchers interested in ecological validity and those concerned with maintaining experimental control. Research in the human neurosciences often involves the use of simple and static stimuli lacking many of the potentially important aspects of real world activities and interactions. While this research is valuable, there is a growing interest in the human neurosciences to use cues about target states in the real world via multimodal scenarios that involve visual, semantic, and prosodic information. These scenarios should include dynamic stimuli presented concurrently or serially in a manner that allows researchers to assess the integrative processes carried out by perceivers over time. Furthermore, there is growing interest in contextually embedded stimuli that can constrain participant interpretations of cues about a target’s internal states. Virtual reality environments proffer assessment paradigms that combine the experimental control of laboratory measures with emotionally engaging background narratives to enhance affective experience and social interactions. The present review highlights the potential of virtual reality environments for enhanced ecological validity in the clinical, affective, and social neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Parsons
- Computational Neuropsychology and Simulation Lab, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas Denton, TX, USA
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33
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Causative role of left aIPS in coding shared goals during human-avatar complementary joint actions. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7544. [PMID: 26154706 PMCID: PMC4510640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful motor interactions require agents to anticipate what a partner is doing in order to predictively adjust their own movements. Although the neural underpinnings of the ability to predict others' action goals have been well explored during passive action observation, no study has yet clarified any critical neural substrate supporting interpersonal coordination during active, non-imitative (complementary) interactions. Here, we combine non-invasive inhibitory brain stimulation (continuous Theta Burst Stimulation) with a novel human–avatar interaction task to investigate a causal role for higher-order motor cortical regions in supporting the ability to predict and adapt to others' actions. We demonstrate that inhibition of left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), but not ventral premotor cortex, selectively impaired individuals' performance during complementary interactions. Thus, in addition to coding observed and executed action goals, aIPS is crucial in coding ‘shared goals', that is, integrating predictions about one's and others' complementary actions. The neural mechanisms supporting imitative motor interactions have been well studied. However, considerably less is known about the mechanisms supporting complementary interactions. Here the authors demonstrate a causal role for left anterior intraparietal sulcus in coding complementary motor goals.
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34
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Lou W, Shi L, Wang D, Tam CWC, Chu WCW, Mok VCT, Cheng ST, Lam LCW. Decreased activity with increased background network efficiency in amnestic MCI during a visuospatial working memory task. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3387-403. [PMID: 26032982 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the working memory impairment in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the neurophysiological basis of the working memory deficit in aMCI is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the abnormal activity during encoding and recognition procedures, as well as the reorganization of the background network maintaining the working memory state in aMCI. Using event-related fMRI during a visuospatial working memory task with three recognition difficulty levels, the task-related activations and network efficiency of the background network in 17 aMCI patients and 19 matched controls were investigated. Compared with cognitively healthy controls, patients with aMCI showed significantly decreased activity in the frontal and visual cortices during the encoding phase, while during the recognition phase, decreased activity was detected in the frontal, parietal, and visual regions. In addition, increased local efficiency was also observed in the background network of patients with aMCI. The results suggest patients with aMCI showed impaired encoding and recognition functions during the visuospatial working memory task, and may pay more effort to maintain the cognitive state. This study extends our understanding of the impaired working memory function in aMCI and provides a new perspective to investigate the compensatory mechanism in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wutao Lou
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Chow Yuk Ho Center of Innovative Technology for Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Defeng Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cindy W C Tam
- Department of Psychiatry, North District Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sheung-Tak Cheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Linda C W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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35
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Bardi L, Bundt C, Notebaert W, Brass M. Eliminating mirror responses by instructions. Cortex 2015; 70:128-36. [PMID: 26031487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The observation of an action leads to the activation of the corresponding motor plan in the observer. This phenomenon of motor resonance has an important role in social interaction, promoting imitation, learning and action understanding. However, mirror responses not always have a positive impact on our behavior. An automatic tendency to imitate others can introduce interference in action execution and non-imitative or opposite responses have an advantage in some contexts. Previous studies suggest that mirror tendencies can be suppressed after extensive practice or in complementary joint action situations revealing that mirror responses are more flexible than previously thought. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the mechanisms that allow response flexibility of motor mirroring. Here we show that the mere instruction of a counter-imitative mapping changes mirror responses as indexed by motor evoked potentials (MEPs) enhancement induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Importantly, mirror activation was measured while participants were passively watching finger movements, without having the opportunity to execute the task. This result suggests that the implementation of task instructions activates stimulus-response association that can overwrite the mirror representations. Our outcome reveals one of the crucial mechanisms that might allow flexible adjustments of mirror responses in different contexts. The implications of this outcome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bardi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Carsten Bundt
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Wim Notebaert
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Marcel Brass
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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36
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Abstract
Complementary colors are color pairs which, when combined in the right proportions, produce white or black. Complementary actions refer here to forms of social interaction wherein individuals adapt their joint actions according to a common aim. Notably, complementary actions are incongruent actions. But being incongruent is not sufficient to be complementary (i.e., to complete the action of another person). Successful complementary interactions are founded on the abilities: (i) to simulate another person's movements, (ii) to predict another person's future action/s, (iii) to produce an appropriate incongruent response which differ, while interacting, with observed ones, and (iv) to complete the social interaction by integrating the predicted effects of one's own action with those of another person. This definition clearly alludes to the functional importance of complementary actions in the perception-action cycle and prompts us to scrutinize what is taking place behind the scenes. Preliminary data on this topic have been provided by recent cutting-edge studies utilizing different research methods. This mini-review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the processes and the specific activations underlying complementary actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sartori
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova , Padova, Italy ; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Università di Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Betti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova , Padova, Italy
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37
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Imagining triadic interactions simultaneously activates mirror and mentalizing systems. Neuroimage 2014; 98:314-23. [PMID: 24825504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Mikulan EP, Reynaldo L, Ibáñez A. Homuncular mirrors: misunderstanding causality in embodied cognition. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:299. [PMID: 24860479 PMCID: PMC4026706 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel P Mikulan
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucila Reynaldo
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe Barranquilla, Colombia
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39
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Konvalinka I, Bauer M, Stahlhut C, Hansen LK, Roepstorff A, Frith CD. Frontal alpha oscillations distinguish leaders from followers: multivariate decoding of mutually interacting brains. Neuroimage 2014; 94:79-88. [PMID: 24631790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful social interactions rely upon the abilities of two or more people to mutually exchange information in real-time, while simultaneously adapting to one another. The neural basis of social cognition has mostly been investigated in isolated individuals, and more recently using two-person paradigms to quantify the neuronal dynamics underlying social interaction. While several studies have shown the relevance of understanding complementary and mutually adaptive processes, the neural mechanisms underlying such coordinative behavioral patterns during joint action remain largely unknown. Here, we employed a synchronized finger-tapping task while measuring dual-EEG from pairs of human participants who either mutually adjusted to each other in an interactive task or followed a computer metronome. Neurophysiologically, the interactive condition was characterized by a stronger suppression of alpha and low-beta oscillations over motor and frontal areas in contrast to the non-interactive computer condition. A multivariate analysis of two-brain activity to classify interactive versus non-interactive trials revealed asymmetric patterns of the frontal alpha-suppression in each pair, during both task anticipation and execution, such that only one member showed the frontal component. Analysis of the behavioral data showed that this distinction coincided with the leader-follower relationship in 8/9 pairs, with the leaders characterized by the stronger frontal alpha-suppression. This suggests that leaders invest more resources in prospective planning and control. Hence our results show that the spontaneous emergence of leader-follower relationships in dyadic interactions can be predicted from EEG recordings of brain activity prior to and during interaction. Furthermore, this emphasizes the importance of investigating complementarity in joint action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Konvalinka
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Section for Cognitive Systems, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Markus Bauer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK
| | - Carsten Stahlhut
- Section for Cognitive Systems, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Kai Hansen
- Section for Cognitive Systems, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Roepstorff
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chris D Frith
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
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40
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Abstract
It is well known that perceiving another person's body movements activates corresponding motor representations in an observer's brain, a process which appears to be imitative in nature. However, it is also true that simply imitating another person's action/s in many situations is not an effective or appropriate response, as successful interaction often requires complementary rather than emulative behavior. This manuscript presents a review of the recent efforts to identify the mechanisms responsible--once observed actions have been mapped onto an observer's motor system--for the switch from the tendency to imitate actions to the inclination to carry out a nonidentical context-appropriate response. The putative human mirror neuron system seems to play a particularly important role in this process because of its prominent function in action observation and execution. Recent findings indicate, however, that acting in a complementary fashion might entail the recruitment of neural systems outside of the human mirror neuron system.
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41
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Fusaroli R, Konvalinka I, Wallot S. Analyzing Social Interactions: The Promises and Challenges of Using Cross Recurrence Quantification Analysis. SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09531-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Pezzulo G, Candidi M, Dindo H, Barca L. Action simulation in the human brain: Twelve questions. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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Ménoret M, Varnet L, Fargier R, Cheylus A, Curie A, des Portes V, Nazir TA, Paulignan Y. Neural correlates of non-verbal social interactions: a dual-EEG study. Neuropsychologia 2013; 55:85-97. [PMID: 24157538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Successful non-verbal social interaction between human beings requires dynamic and efficient encoding of others' gestures. Our study aimed at identifying neural markers of social interaction and goal variations in a non-verbal task. For this, we recorded simultaneously the electroencephalogram from two participants (dual-EEG), an actor and an observer, and their arm/hand kinematics in a real face-to-face paradigm. The observer watched "biological actions" performed by the human actor and "non-biological actions" performed by a robot. All actions occurred within an interactive or non-interactive context depending on whether the observer had to perform a complementary action or not (e.g., the actor presents a saucer and the observer either places the corresponding cup or does nothing). We analysed the EEG signals of both participants (i.e., beta (~20 Hz) oscillations as an index of cortical motor activity and motor related potentials (MRPs)). We identified markers of social interactions by synchronising EEG to the onset of the actor's movement. Movement kinematics did not differ in the two context conditions and the MRPs of the actor were similar in the two conditions. For the observer, however, an observation-related MRP was measured in all conditions but was more negative in the interactive context over fronto-central electrodes. Moreover, this feature was specific to biological actions. Concurrently, the suppression of beta oscillations was observed in the actor's EEG and the observer's EEG rapidly after the onset of the actor's movement. Critically, this suppression was stronger in the interactive than in the non-interactive context despite the fact that movement kinematics did not differ in the two context conditions. For the observer, this modulation was observed independently of whether the actor was a human or a robot. Our results suggest that acting in a social context induced analogous modulations of motor and sensorimotor regions in observer and actor. Sharing a common goal during an interaction seems thus to evoke a common representation of the global action that includes both actor and observer movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Ménoret
- Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition L2C2, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS/UCBL, 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Léo Varnet
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon F-69500, France
| | - Raphaël Fargier
- Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition L2C2, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS/UCBL, 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Anne Cheylus
- Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition L2C2, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS/UCBL, 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Aurore Curie
- Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition L2C2, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS/UCBL, 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neuropédiatrie, HFME, 69677 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Vincent des Portes
- Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition L2C2, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS/UCBL, 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neuropédiatrie, HFME, 69677 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Tatjana A Nazir
- Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition L2C2, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS/UCBL, 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Yves Paulignan
- Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition L2C2, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS/UCBL, 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
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44
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Abstract
AbstractIn spite of the remarkable progress made in the burgeoning field of social neuroscience, the neural mechanisms that underlie social encounters are only beginning to be studied and could – paradoxically – be seen as representing the “dark matter” of social neuroscience. Recent conceptual and empirical developments consistently indicate the need for investigations that allow the study of real-time social encounters in a truly interactive manner. This suggestion is based on the premise that social cognition is fundamentally different when we are in interaction with others rather than merely observing them. In this article, we outline the theoretical conception of a second-person approach to other minds and review evidence from neuroimaging, psychophysiological studies, and related fields to argue for the development of a second-person neuroscience, which will help neuroscience to really “go social”; this may also be relevant for our understanding of psychiatric disorders construed as disorders of social cognition.
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45
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Avenanti A, Candidi M, Urgesi C. Vicarious motor activation during action perception: beyond correlational evidence. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:185. [PMID: 23675338 PMCID: PMC3653126 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological and imaging studies have shown that seeing the actions of other individuals brings about the vicarious activation of motor regions involved in performing the same actions. While this suggests a simulative mechanism mediating the perception of others' actions, one cannot use such evidence to make inferences about the functional significance of vicarious activations. Indeed, a central aim in social neuroscience is to comprehend how vicarious activations allow the understanding of other people's behavior, and this requires to use stimulation or lesion methods to establish causal links from brain activity to cognitive functions. In the present work, we review studies investigating the effects of transient manipulations of brain activity or stable lesions in the motor system on individuals' ability to perceive and understand the actions of others. We conclude there is now compelling evidence that neural activity in the motor system is critical for such cognitive ability. More research using causal methods, however, is needed in order to disclose the limits and the conditions under which vicarious activations are required to perceive and understand actions of others as well as their emotions and somatic feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Avenanti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Bologna, Italy ; Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Campus di Cesena Cesena, Italy ; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia Roma, Italy
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46
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Sacheli LM, Tidoni E, Pavone EF, Aglioti SM, Candidi M. Kinematics fingerprints of leader and follower role-taking during cooperative joint actions. Exp Brain Res 2013; 226:473-86. [PMID: 23503771 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Performing online complementary motor adjustments is quintessential to joint actions since it allows interacting people to coordinate efficiently and achieve a common goal. We sought to determine whether, during dyadic interactions, signaling strategies and simulative processes are differentially implemented on the basis of the interactional role played by each partner. To this aim, we recorded the kinematics of the right hand of pairs of individuals who were asked to grasp as synchronously as possible a bottle-shaped object according to an imitative or complementary action schedule. Task requirements implied an asymmetric role assignment so that participants performed the task acting either as (1) Leader (i.e., receiving auditory information regarding the goal of the task with indications about where to grasp the object) or (2) Follower (i.e., receiving instructions to coordinate their movements with their partner's by performing imitative or complementary actions). Results showed that, when acting as Leader, participants used signaling strategies to enhance the predictability of their movements. In particular, they selectively emphasized kinematic parameters and reduced movement variability to provide the partner with implicit cues regarding the action to be jointly performed. Thus, Leaders make their movements more "communicative" even when not explicitly instructed to do so. Moreover, only when acting in the role of Follower did participants tend to imitate the Leader, even in complementary actions where imitation is detrimental to joint performance. Our results show that mimicking and signaling are implemented in joint actions according to the interactional role of the agent, which in turn is reflected in the kinematics of each partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Tylén K, Allen M, Hunter BK, Roepstorff A. Interaction vs. observation: distinctive modes of social cognition in human brain and behavior? A combined fMRI and eye-tracking study. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:331. [PMID: 23267322 PMCID: PMC3525956 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cognition has usually been approached on the level of individual minds and brains, but social interaction is a challenging case. Is it best thought of as a self-contained individual cognitive process aiming at an "understanding of the other," or should it rather be approached as an collective, inter-personal process where individual cognitive components interact on a moment-to-moment basis to form coupled dynamics? In a combined fMRI and eye-tracking study we directly contrasted these models of social cognition. We found that the perception of situations affording social contingent responsiveness (e.g., someone offering or showing you an object) elicited activations in regions of the right posterior temporal sulcus and yielded greater pupil dilation corresponding to a model of coupled dynamics (joint action). In contrast, the social-cognitive perception of someone "privately" manipulating an object elicited activation in medial prefrontal cortex, the right inferior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobus, regions normally associated with Theory of Mind and with the mirror neuron system. Our findings support a distinction in social cognition between social observation and social interaction, and demonstrate that simple ostensive cues may shift participants' experience, behavior, and brain activity between these modes. The identification of a distinct, interactive mode has implications for research on social cognition, both in everyday life and in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Tylén
- The Interacting Minds Group, Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; Department for Aesthetics and Communication, Center for Semiotics, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
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Sacheli LM, Candidi M, Pavone EF, Tidoni E, Aglioti SM. And yet they act together: interpersonal perception modulates visuo-motor interference and mutual adjustments during a joint-grasping task. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50223. [PMID: 23209680 PMCID: PMC3509140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of “when” a partner will act and “what” he is going to do is crucial in joint-action contexts. However, studies on face-to-face interactions in which two people have to mutually adjust their movements in time and space are lacking. Moreover, while studies on passive observation have shown that somato-motor simulative processes are disrupted when the observed actor is perceived as an out-group or unfair individual, the impact of interpersonal perception on joint-actions has never been directly addressed. Here we explored this issue by comparing the ability of pairs of participants who did or did not undergo an interpersonal perception manipulation procedure to synchronise their reach-to-grasp movements during: i) a guided interaction, requiring pure temporal reciprocal coordination, and ii) a free interaction, requiring both time and space adjustments. Behavioural results demonstrate that while in neutral situations free and guided interactions are equally challenging for participants, a negative interpersonal relationship improves performance in guided interactions at the expense of the free interactive ones. This was paralleled at the kinematic level by the absence of movement corrections and by low movement variability in these participants, indicating that partners cooperating within a negative interpersonal bond executed the cooperative task on their own, without reciprocally adapting to the partner's motor behaviour. Crucially, participants' performance in the free interaction improved in the manipulated group during the second experimental session while partners became interdependent as suggested by higher movement variability and by the appearance of interference between the self-executed actions and those observed in the partner. Our study expands current knowledge about on-line motor interactions by showing that visuo-motor interference effects, mutual motor adjustments and motor-learning mechanisms are influenced by social perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (LMS); (MC)
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (LMS); (MC)
| | - Enea Francesco Pavone
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Tidoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Pavlidou A, Schnitzler A, Lange J. Interactions between visual and motor areas during the recognition of plausible actions as revealed by magnetoencephalography. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 35:581-92. [PMID: 23117670 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown activation of the mirror neuron system (MNS), comprising the temporal, posterior parietal, and sensorimotor areas when observing plausible actions, but far less is known on how these cortical areas interact during the recognition of a plausible action. Here, we recorded neural activity with magnetoencephalography while subjects viewed point-light displays of biologically plausible and scrambled versions of actions. We were interested in modulations of oscillatory activity and, specifically, in coupling of oscillatory activity between visual and motor areas. Both plausible and scrambled actions elicited modulations of θ (5-7 Hz), α (7-13 Hz), β (13-35 Hz), and γ (55-100 Hz) power within visual and motor areas. When comparing between the two actions, we observed sequential and spatially distinct increases of γ (∼65 Hz), β (∼25 Hz), and α (∼11 Hz) power between 0.5 and 1.3 s in parieto-occipital, sensorimotor, and left temporal areas. In addition, significant clusters of γ (∼65 Hz) and α/β (∼15 Hz) power decrease were observed in right temporal and parieto-occipital areas between 1.3 and 2.0 s. We found β-power in sensorimotor areas to be positively correlated on a trial-by-trial basis with parieto-occipital γ and left temporal α-power for the plausible but not for the scrambled condition. These results provide new insights in the neuronal oscillatory activity of the areas involved in the recognition of plausible action movements and their interaction. The power correlations between specific areas underscore the importance of interactions between visual and motor areas of the MNS during the recognition of a plausible action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Pavlidou
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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50
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Ku J, Lee H, Kim JJ, Kim IY, Kim SI. Brain mechanism involved in the real motion interaction with a virtual avatar. Biomed Eng Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-012-0068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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