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Yang Y, Zhong B, Zhang W, Fan W. The impact of social comparison on self-deception: An event-related potentials study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:931-947. [PMID: 39042281 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Self-deception refers to an individual holding inflated beliefs about their abilities, and it plays a crucial role in human behavior and decision-making. The present study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to explore the neural responses to the impacts of social comparison direction and comparison gap on self-deceptive behavior. They were instructed to predict their performance in the forward-looking paradigm. Behavioral responses and neural reactions during the decision-making process were documented. The behavioral results indicated that, in contrast to the downward comparison condition, participants engaged in upward comparison exhibited more occurrences of self-deception. However, within the context of upward comparison, participants demonstrated a higher frequency of self-deception in the large gap condition compared with the small gap condition. The ERP results showed that induced self-deception under conditions with a large comparative gap between participants and their paired counterparts stimulated larger P300 and smaller N400 amplitude than under conditions with a small gap. However, when participants were in the upward comparison situation, the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude induced by self-deception behavior in the condition of a large comparison gap between participants and paired opponents was larger than that in the condition of a small comparison gap. These results indicated that individuals in the large gap group feel strong unfairness and negative emotions. More importantly, the self-deception induced by the large gap group in the upward comparison situation used fewer cognitive resources than the small gap condition, whereas the individuals in the downward comparison situation did not show the difference in cognitive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lu Shan Road, Yue Lu Dist, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lu Shan Road, Yue Lu Dist, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang Q. The impact of stress on the risk decision-making process. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14595. [PMID: 38720645 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The effect of stress on risk-taking or risk-averse behavior in decision-making has been inconclusive in previous research, with few studies revealing the underlying neural mechanisms. This study employed event-related potentials technique and combined a social cold pressor assessment test with a mental arithmetic task to induce stress responses, aiming to investigate the influence of exogenous stress on the risk decision-making process. Stress induction results indicated that, in addition to raising heart rate and blood pressure, stress responses were accompanied by enhanced negative emotions, diminished positive emotions, and alterations in neural activity. The outcomes of risk decision-making showed that stress did not significantly affect risk preference or time of choice but did reduce the feedback-related negativity/reward positivity, with a particularly significant effect observed for large outcomes. Stress also altered the amplitude of the P3 component, with stress decreasing the P3 value for winning outcomes relative to losing outcomes. The study suggests that understanding how stress affects risk preference should consider the emotional valence induced by stress. Contrary to the reward sensitivity hypothesis, stress weakened reward sensitivity. Stress led to changes in the allocation of cognitive resources for outcome evaluation: compared to negative outcomes, stress reduced cognitive resources for positive outcomes, which might be related to the enhanced negative emotions induced by stress. The study highlights the importance of focusing on the subjective emotional experience induced by stress in future research on stress and risk decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Liu
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Dores AR, Peixoto M, Fernandes C, Geraldo A, Griffiths MD, Barbosa F. Neurophysiological Correlates of Near-Wins in Gambling: A Systematic Literature Review. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10327-1. [PMID: 39102018 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Identification of specific patterns of brain activity related to problem gambling may provide a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms, highlighting the importance of neurophysiological studies to better understand development and persistence of gambling behavior. The patterns of cognitive functioning have been investigated through electroencephalography (EEG) studies based on the near-win/near-miss (NW) effect. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the neurophysiological basis of NWs and their modulation by gambling problems through a systematic review of event-related potentials (ERP) studies elicited by feedback events. The review followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA). A total of 15 studies were included, 12 comprising non-problem gamblers (NPGs) and three comparing problem gamblers (PGs) with matched controls. For the P300 component, the win outcome elicited a larger amplitude than the other outcomes (NW and loss), followed by the NW outcome, which elicited a larger amplitude than loss in some studies. For feedback-related negativity (FRN), the loss outcome evoked a more negative amplitude in several studies, despite eliciting a similar amplitude to NW outcomes in others. For PGs, the NW outcome evoked a higher amplitude of P300 than loss, while NPGs showed a similar amplitude to both outcomes. The present review gathered information from different sources and provides a consistent view of the different studies. However, studies lack systematic and robust methodologies, leading to inconsistent results and making it difficult to reach any definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemisa Rocha Dores
- Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial - Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (LabRP-CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Peixoto
- Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial - Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (LabRP-CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Carina Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Geraldo
- Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial - Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (LabRP-CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
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Sun L, Dong Q, Du X, Wei D. Are Deaf College Students More Sensitive to Unfair Information? Evidence from an ERP Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:788. [PMID: 39199481 PMCID: PMC11352934 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To better understand the individual differences in fairness, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the fairness characteristics of deaf college students through the ultimatum game task. Behaviorally, the significant main effect of the proposal type was found, which meant both deaf and hearing college students showed a lower acceptance rate for the more unfair proposal. Interestingly, we found a significant interaction between group and proposal type in the early stage (N1). Moreover, in the deaf college group, N1 (induced by moderately and very unfair proposals) was significantly larger than that of fair proposals. However, we found that deaf college students had smaller amplitudes on P2 and P3 than hearing college students. These results suggested that deaf college students might pursue more equity strongly so they are more sensitive to unfair information in the early stage. In a word, we should provide more fair allocations for deaf college students in our harmonious society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Sun
- College of Educational Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (L.S.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qi Dong
- College of Educational Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (L.S.); (Q.D.)
| | - Xue Du
- College of Educational Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (L.S.); (Q.D.)
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Christian P, Kaiser J, Taylor PC, George M, Schütz-Bosbach S, Soutschek A. Belief Updating during Social Interactions: Neural Dynamics and Causal Role of Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1669232024. [PMID: 38649270 PMCID: PMC11140663 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1669-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In competitive interactions, humans have to flexibly update their beliefs about another person's intentions in order to adjust their own choice strategy, such as when believing that the other may exploit their cooperativeness. Here we investigate both the neural dynamics and the causal neural substrate of belief updating processes in humans. We used an adapted prisoner's dilemma game in which participants explicitly predicted the coplayer's actions, which allowed us to quantify the prediction error between expected and actual behavior. First, in an EEG experiment, we found a stronger medial frontal negativity (MFN) for negative than positive prediction errors, suggesting that this medial frontal ERP component may encode unexpected defection of the coplayer. The MFN also predicted subsequent belief updating after negative prediction errors. In a second experiment, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate whether the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) causally implements belief updating after unexpected outcomes. Our results show that dmPFC TMS impaired belief updating and strategic behavioral adjustments after negative prediction errors. Taken together, our findings reveal the time course of the use of prediction errors in social decisions and suggest that the dmPFC plays a crucial role in updating mental representations of others' intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Christian
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Jakob Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Paul Christopher Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Michelle George
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Simone Schütz-Bosbach
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Alexander Soutschek
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 82152, Germany
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Hughes NC, Qian H, Zargari M, Zhao Z, Singh B, Wang Z, Fulton JN, Johnson GW, Li R, Dawant BM, Englot DJ, Constantinidis C, Roberson SW, Bick SK. Reward Circuit Local Field Potential Modulations Precede Risk Taking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588629. [PMID: 38645237 PMCID: PMC11030333 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Risk taking behavior is a symptom of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders and often lacks effective treatments. Reward circuitry regions including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and anterior cingulate have been implicated in risk-taking by neuroimaging studies. Electrophysiological activity associated with risk taking in these regions is not well understood in humans. Further characterizing the neural signalling that underlies risk-taking may provide therapeutic insight into disorders associated with risk-taking. Eleven patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who underwent stereotactic electroencephalography with electrodes in the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and/or anterior cingulate participated. Patients participated in a gambling task where they wagered on a visible playing card being higher than a hidden card, betting $5 or $20 on this outcome, while local field potentials were recorded from implanted electrodes. We used cluster-based permutation testing to identify reward prediction error signals by comparing oscillatory power following unexpected and expected rewards. We also used cluster-based permutation testing to compare power preceding high and low bets in high-risk (<50% chance of winning) trials and two-way ANOVA with bet and risk level to identify signals associated with risky, risk averse, and optimized decisions. We used linear mixed effects models to evaluate the relationship between reward prediction error and risky decision signals across trials, and a linear regression model for associations between risky decision signal power and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale scores for each patient. Reward prediction error signals were identified in the amygdala (p=0.0066), anterior cingulate (p=0.0092), and orbitofrontal cortex (p=6.0E-4, p=4.0E-4). Risky decisions were predicted by increased oscillatory power in high-gamma frequency range during card presentation in the orbitofrontal cortex (p=0.0022), and by increased power following bet cue presentation across the theta-to-beta range in the orbitofrontal cortex ( p =0.0022), high-gamma in the anterior cingulate ( p =0.0004), and high-gamma in the insula ( p =0.0014). Risk averse decisions were predicted by decreased orbitofrontal cortex gamma power ( p =2.0E-4). Optimized decisions that maximized earnings were preceded by decreases within the theta to beta range in orbitofrontal cortex ( p =2.0E-4), broad frequencies in amygdala ( p =2.0E-4), and theta to low-gamma in insula ( p =4.0E-4). Insula risky decision power was associated with orbitofrontal cortex high-gamma reward prediction error signal ( p =0.0048) and with patient impulsivity ( p =0.00478). Our findings identify and help characterize reward circuitry activity predictive of risk-taking in humans. These findings may serve as potential biomarkers to inform the development of novel treatment strategies such as closed loop neuromodulation for disorders of risk taking.
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Ao L, Gao Y, Yang L, Du X, Wang H, Liu Y. Group environment modulates how third parties assess unfairly shared losses and unfairly shared gains: neural signatures from ERPs and EEG oscillations. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:840-854. [PMID: 38341877 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2313258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Through its long-term evolution and development, human society has gradually formed stable and effective norms to maintain normal social production and social activities. Altruistic punishment is indispensable in maintaining social norms. Altruistic punishment includes second-party and third-party punishment, and third-party punishment refers to punishing violators by unbiased bystanders who have not suffered damage to their interests. Cooperation is an important form of human social interaction. Third parties play an essential role in maintaining social cooperation. Third parties' behaviors in maintaining cooperative norms may be related to their social environment. METHOD We used the prisoner's dilemma (PD) game and distinguished between the gain and loss contexts of the economy to explore how the group environment modulates the cognitive neural mechanisms and psychological processing of the third-party punishment decision. Twenty-six college students (Mage = 19.88 ± 1.58) participated in the experiment; data from four participants were excluded from analyses of the EEG data due to large artifacts. RESULTS The behavioral results show that the degree of punishment from the third party in a loss context was greater than in a gain context. ERP analysis results show that the third party applied a lower P300 in the loss context. The loss context induced a greater N100 than the gain context in the individual environment. At the same time, alpha-band power activated by the individual environment was greater than that activated by the group environment under the gain context. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a third party maintaining the norms of social cooperation in different contexts will adjust punishment decisions according to the environment, and this process is mainly dominated by the negative emotions caused by environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ao
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
- Pu`er University, Pu`er, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - XinYu Du
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
- School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
- School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Zheng Y, Shi P, Deng L, Jiang H, Zhou S. Contextual valence influences the neural dynamics of time and magnitude representation during feedback evaluation. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14335. [PMID: 37194930 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contextual valence is an important dimension during value-based decision-making. Previous research has revealed behavioral and neural asymmetries between the gain context and the loss context. The present event-related potential study investigated the effects of contextual valence on neural dynamics underlying magnitude and time, two important reward dimensions, during feedback evaluation. Forty-two participants performed a simple guessing task in which they experienced both a gain context wherein high or low rewards were delivered immediately or six months later, and a loss context wherein high or low losses were delivered in the same way. Results showed that in the gain context, time and magnitude information were processed in a parallel way during the time windows of the reward positivity (RewP) and the P3. In the loss context, however, time and magnitude information were processed in a serial way such that time information was encoded during the RewP and P3 periods, whereas magnitude information was not tracked until the time window of the late positive potential. Our findings suggest that the neural dynamics underlying time and magnitude information are distinct between the gain and loss contexts, thus providing a novel perspective for the well-known gain-loss asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Puyu Shi
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Leyou Deng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiping Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Naghel S, Vallesi A, Sabouri Moghadam H, Nazari MA. Neural Differences in Relation to Risk Preferences during Reward Processing: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1235. [PMID: 37759836 PMCID: PMC10527558 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variability in risk preferences can be reflected in reward processing differences, making people risk-seekers or risk-averse. However, the neural correlates of reward processing in individuals with risk preferences remain unknown. Consequently, this event-related potential (ERP) study examined and compared electrophysiological correlates associated with different stages of reward processing in risk-seeking and risk-averse groups. Individuals scoring in the bottom and top 20% on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) were deemed risk-averse and risk-seeking, respectively. Participants engaged in a gambling task while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Risk-seekers tended to choose high-risk options significantly more frequently than low-risk options, whereas risk-averse individuals chose low-risk options significantly more frequently than high-risk ones. All participants selected the low-risk alternative more slowly than the high-risk option. During the anticipation stage, the low-risk option elicited a relatively attenuated stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) response from risk-seekers compared to risk-averse participants. During the outcome stage, feedback-related negativity (FRN) increased in risk-seekers responding to greater losses but not in risk-averse participants. These results indicate that ERP components can detect differences in reward processing during risky situations. In addition, these results suggest that motivation and cognitive control, along with their associated neural processes, may play a central role in differences in reward-based behavior between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Naghel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (S.N.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Hassan Sabouri Moghadam
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (S.N.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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Zhang Z, Tian Y, Liu Y. Intertemporal Decision-making and Risk Decision-making Among Habitual Nappers Under Nap Sleep Restriction: A Study from ERP and Time-frequency. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:390-408. [PMID: 36881273 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-00948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Sleep restriction affects people's decision-making behavior. Nap restriction is a vital subtopic within sleep restriction research. In this study, we used EEG to investigate the impact of nap sleep restriction on intertemporal decision-making (Study 1) and decision-making across risky outcomes (Study 2) from ERP and time-frequency perspectives. Study 1 found that habitual nappers restricting their naps felt more inclined to choose immediate, small rewards over delayed, large rewards in an intertemporal decision-making task. P200s, P300s, and LPP in our nap-restriction group were significantly higher than those in the normal nap group. Time-frequency results showed that the delta band (1 ~ 4 Hz) power of the restricted nap group was significantly higher than that of the normal nap group. In Study 2, the nap-restriction group was more likely to choose risky options. P200s, N2s, and P300s in the nap deprivation group were significantly higher than in the normal nap group. Time-frequency results also found that the beta band (11 ~ 15 Hz) power of the restricted nap group was significantly lower than that of the normal nap group. The habitual nappers became more impulsive after nap restriction and evinced altered perceptions of time. The time cost of the LL (larger-later) option was perceived to be too high when making intertemporal decisions, and their expectation of reward heightened when making risky decisions-believing that they had a higher probability of receiving a reward. This study provided electrophysiological evidence for the dynamic processing of intertemporal decision-making, risky decision-making, and the characteristics of nerve concussions for habitual nappers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Zhang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian District, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.,College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yuqing Tian
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian District, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian District, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
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Yokota Y, Naruse Y. Effects of subjective and objective task difficulties for feedback- related brain potentials in social situations: An electroencephalogram study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277663. [PMID: 36454908 PMCID: PMC9714923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between two types of feedback task difficulties and feedback-related brain potentials, such as feedback-related negativity (FRN), reward positivity (RewP), and P300, was investigated in social situations where participants performed a task simultaneously by a pair. The electroencephalogram activity was measured while participants answered four-choice questions with their partners. Participants were informed about the general accuracy rate of the question (objective task difficulty) before responding to the questionnaire. The feedback outcome was definitely correct when the participants had the knowledge to answer the questions correctly. Therefore, the subjective task difficulty depended on the knowledge of the participant and differed from the objective task difficulty. In the task, the participants selected the choice they deemed correct. Before checking the answers, participants responded to the preceding question's subjective task difficulty. As one of the social factors, the task consisted of two types of conditions: one, in which one's response affected partner's reward, and another, in which it did not. The second social factor was the order of feedback outcomes; in our experiment, these outcomes were presented sequentially to pairs of participants. The effects of subjective and objective task difficulties and social factors on feedback-related brain potentials were comprehensively analyzed. The study showed that subjective task difficulty sensitively modulated the amplitude of gain-related P300, suggesting that it is sensitive to modulation in the allocation of attentional resources to own feedback outcome. The objective task difficulty sensitively modulated the amplitude of RewP after receiving the partner's incorrect feedback outcome. RewP was more sensitive to positive affective valence, such as feelings of superiority over the partner, than to task-dependent rewards received by the participants themselves. In contrast, FRN was more negative in the joint condition than in the individual condition, suggesting sensitivity to social responsibility felt by participants toward their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yokota
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasushi Naruse
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Truong NCD, Wang X, Wanniarachchi H, Lang Y, Nerur S, Chen KY, Liu H. Mapping and understanding of correlated electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to the newsvendor problem. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13800. [PMID: 35963934 PMCID: PMC9376113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision-making is one of the most critical activities of human beings. To better understand the underlying neurocognitive mechanism while making decisions under an economic context, we designed a decision-making paradigm based on the newsvendor problem (NP) with two scenarios: low-profit margins as the more challenging scenario and high-profit margins as the less difficult one. The EEG signals were acquired from healthy humans while subjects were performing the task. We adopted the Correlated Component Analysis (CorrCA) method to identify linear combinations of EEG channels that maximize the correlation across subjects ([Formula: see text]) or trials ([Formula: see text]). The inter-subject or inter-trial correlation values (ISC or ITC) of the first three components were estimated to investigate the modulation of the task difficulty on subjects' EEG signals and respective correlations. We also calculated the alpha- and beta-band power of the projection components obtained by the CorrCA to assess the brain responses across multiple task periods. Finally, the CorrCA forward models, which represent the scalp projections of the brain activities by the maximally correlated components, were further translated into source distributions of underlying cortical activity using the exact Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography Algorithm (eLORETA). Our results revealed strong and significant correlations in EEG signals among multiple subjects and trials during the more difficult decision-making task than the easier one. We also observed that the NP decision-making and feedback tasks desynchronized the normalized alpha and beta powers of the CorrCA components, reflecting the engagement state of subjects. Source localization results furthermore suggested several sources of neural activities during the NP decision-making process, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior PFC, orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and somatosensory association cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Cong Dung Truong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Hashini Wanniarachchi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Yan Lang
- Information Systems and Operations Management, University of Texas at Arlington, 701 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
- Department of Business, State University of New York at Oneonta, 108 Ravine Parkway Oneonta, New York, NY, 13820, USA
| | - Sridhar Nerur
- Information Systems and Operations Management, University of Texas at Arlington, 701 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Kay-Yut Chen
- Information Systems and Operations Management, University of Texas at Arlington, 701 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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13
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Zhang D, Shen J, Bi R, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Feng C, Gu R. Differentiating the abnormalities of social and monetary reward processing associated with depressive symptoms. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2080-2094. [PMID: 33143780 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward dysfunction is a major dimension of depressive symptomatology, but it remains obscure if that dysfunction varies across different reward types. In this study, we focus on the abnormalities in anticipatory/consummatory processing of monetary and social reward associated with depressive symptoms. METHODS Forty participants with depressive symptoms and forty normal controls completed the monetary incentive delay (MID) and social incentive delay (SID) tasks with event-related potential (ERP) recording. RESULTS In the SID but not the MID task, both the behavioral hit rate and the ERP component contingent negative variation (CNV; indicating reward anticipation) were sensitive to the interaction between the grouping factor and reward magnitude; that is, the depressive group showed a lower hit rate and a smaller CNV to large-magnitude (but not small-magnitude) social reward cues compared to the control group. Further, these two indexes were correlated with each other. Meanwhile, the ERP components feedback-related negativity and P3 (indicating reward consumption) were sensitive to the main effect of depression across the MID and SID tasks, though this effect was more prominent in the SID task. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with deficits in both the reward anticipation and reward consumption stages, particularly for social rewards. These findings have a potential to characterize the profile of functional impairment that comprises and maintains depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junshi Shen
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rong Bi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yueyao Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunliang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Gan T, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Gu R. Neural sensitivity to helping outcome predicts helping decision in real life. Neuropsychologia 2022; 173:108291. [PMID: 35690115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prosocial helping behavior is a highly valued social practice across societies, but the willingness to help others varies among persons. In our opinion, that willingness should be associated with the sensitivity to helping outcome at the individual level - that is, increasing as a function of positive outcome sensitivity but decreasing as a function of negative outcome sensitivity. To examine this possibility, we asked participants to make helping decisions in a series of hypothetical scenarios, which provided outcome feedback (positive/negative) of those decisions. Event-related potential (ERP) response to helping outcome was recorded, such that the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 were supposed to reflect the sensitivity to negative outcome and positive outcome, respectively. After the formal task, participants were asked if they would like to donate money to a charity. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that compared to those who were not willing to donate, the participants who donated money (22 of 41 individuals) showed a smaller FRN but a larger P300. Among these participants, the amount of donation was negatively correlated with FRN response to negative outcome, but positively correlated with P300 response to positive outcome. These findings support the importance of helping outcome sensitivity to prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gan
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Research Institute on Aging, School of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Miraghaie AM, Pouretemad H, Villa AEP, Mazaheri MA, Khosrowabadi R, Lintas A. Electrophysiological Markers of Fairness and Selfishness Revealed by a Combination of Dictator and Ultimatum Games. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:765720. [PMID: 35615426 PMCID: PMC9124946 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.765720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual behavior during financial decision making is motivated by fairness, but an unanswered question from previous studies is whether particular patterns of brain activity correspond to different profiles of fairness. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 39 participants who played the role of allocators in a Dictator Game (DG) and responders in an Ultimatum Game (UG). Two very homogeneous groups were formed by fair and selfish individuals. At fronto-central cortical sites, the latency of ERP early negativity (N1) was 10 ms shorter in selfish participants than in fair participants. In fair DG players, the subsequent positive wave P2 suggested that more cognitive resources were required when they allocated the least gains to the other party. P2 latency and amplitude in the selfish group supported the hypothesis that these participants tended to maximize their profit. During UG, we observed that medial frontal negativity (MFN) occurred earlier and with greater amplitude when selfish participants rejected less favorable endowment shares. In this case, all players received zero payoffs, which showed that MFN in selfish participants was associated with a spiteful punishment. At posterior-parietal sites, we found that the greater the selfishness, the greater the amplitude of the late positive component (LPC). Our results bring new evidence to the existence of specific somatic markers associated with the activation of distinct cerebral circuits by the evaluation of fair and unfair proposals in participants characterized by different expressions of perceived fairness, thus suggesting that a particular brain dynamics could be associated with moral decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M. Miraghaie
- Faculty of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroHeuristic Research Group, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ali M. Miraghaie
| | - Hamidreza Pouretemad
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Hamidreza Pouretemad
| | - Alessandro E. P. Villa
- NeuroHeuristic Research Group, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad A. Mazaheri
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandra Lintas
- NeuroHeuristic Research Group, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LABEX, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Alessandra Lintas
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16
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Xu L, Wang B, Guo W. The Effect of Task Difficulty and Self-Contribution on Fairness Consideration: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:709310. [PMID: 35310266 PMCID: PMC8928160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.709310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-contribution may be an influential factor in fairness consideration and consequent behavioral decisions. Few studies have investigated simultaneous effects of task difficulty and self-contribution on fairness consideration outcomes and associated neurophysiological responses. To elucidate modulation effects of task difficulty and self-contribution on fairness consideration, 30 recruited participants played a modified ultimatum game (UG) while undergoing event-related potential measurements. A 2 (task difficulty: hard vs. easy) × 3 (contribution: other-contribution vs. both-contribution vs. self-contribution) × 2 (fairness type: fair vs. unfair) within-subject design was adopted. A significant interaction between fairness type and contribution was observed in the behavioral data, with unfair offers being more acceptable in the other-contribution condition than in the self-contribution or both-contribution conditions. In the early processing time window, feedback-related negative magnitudes were greater in the hard condition than in the easy condition. P300 responses were more pronounced when participants contributed equally to the proposer than in the self- and other-contribution conditions. These results demonstrated that individuals’ decisions are influenced by their own effort contributions relative to those of others in cooperative contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Xu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Biye Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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17
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Kogler C, Olsen J, Müller M, Kirchler E. Information processing in tax decisions: a MouselabWEB study on the deterrence model of income tax evasion. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kogler
- Department of Social Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Jerome Olsen
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods Bonn Germany
- Department of Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Erich Kirchler
- Department of Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute for Advanced Studies IHS Vienna Austria
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18
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Flasbeck V, Enzi B, Andreou C, Juckel G, Mavrogiorgou P. P300 and delay-discounting in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:327-339. [PMID: 34258638 PMCID: PMC8866265 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous research showed that dysfunctions of fronto-striatal neural networks are implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Accordingly, patients with OCD showed altered performances during decision-making tasks. As P300, evoked by oddball paradigms, is suggested to be related to attentional and cognitive processes and generated in the medial temporal lobe and orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices, it is of special interest in OCD research. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate P300 in OCD and its associations with brain activity during decision-making: P300, evoked by an auditory oddball paradigm, was analysed in 19 OCD patients and 19 healthy controls regarding peak latency, amplitude and source density power in parietal cortex areas by sLORETA. Afterwards, using a fMRI paradigm, Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast imaging was conducted during a delay-discounting paradigm. We hypothesised differences between groups regarding P300 characteristics and associations with frontal activity during delay-discounting. The P300 did not differ between groups, however, the P300 latency over the P4 electrode correlated negatively with the NEO-FFI score openness to experience in patients with OCD. In healthy controls, P300 source density power correlated with activity in frontal regions when processing rewards, a finding which was absent in OCD patients. To conclude, associations of P300 with frontal brain activation during delay-discounting were found, suggesting a contribution of attentional or context updating processes. Since this association was absent in patients with OCD, the findings could be interpreted as being indeed related to dysfunctions of fronto-striatal neural networks in patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Flasbeck
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Enzi
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Lübeck (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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19
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Wan J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Ji L, Zhao J, Qiao S, Li X. The Effect of Social Exclusion on Trust Among Youth Orphaned by HIV/AIDS: Evidence From an Event-Related Potentials Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898535. [PMID: 35911228 PMCID: PMC9329561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grounded in a follow-up study among children who lost one or both parents to HIV in central China in the early 2000s, we conducted an event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment to explore the effect of social exclusion on trust and the corresponding neurophysiological mechanism among youth orphaned by HIV/AIDS ("AIDS orphans"). A sample of 31 AIDS orphans (26.16 ± 3.34 years old; 15 female) and 32 age and development status matched controls (25.02 ± 3.45 years old; 14 female) participated in the study. They were all assigned to play Cyberball, a virtual ball-tossing game that reliably induced social exclusion (15 orphans, 16 controls) and inclusion (16 orphans, 16 controls). Then, they played the Trust Game by taking the role of trustor with their electroencephalograms (EEGs) being recorded during the game. In the Trust Game, each participant was required to decide whether to trust their partners in over 150 trials (decision-making stage). The partner's reciprocation strategies were pre-programmed by the experimenter (with an overall reciprocating rate of 50%). All participants were provided with post-decision feedback about the outcome of their decisions (gain or loss of game points) in each trial (outcome evaluation stage). We analyzed their behavioral responses at the decision-making stage and ERP components at the outcome evaluation stage. Behavioral results showed that the proportion of orphans choosing trust was significantly higher than the controls, and the trust ratio of the orphan exclusion (OE) group was significantly higher than that of the orphan inclusion (OI) group, control exclusion (CE) group, and control inclusion (CI) group. Furthermore, the response time of the OE group was significantly shorter than that of other groups. ERP results indicated that the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) in the OI group was significantly more negative than that in the CI group with loss feedback, while there was no significant difference between the OE and OI groups. Similarly, the P300 amplitudes following outcome feedback were larger in the CI group than that in the OI group with gain feedback and had no significant difference between OE and OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wan
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lili Ji
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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20
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Zhang D, Shen J, Li S, Gao K, Gu R. I, robot: depression plays different roles in human-human and human-robot interactions. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:438. [PMID: 34420040 PMCID: PMC8380250 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Socially engaging robots have been increasingly applied to alleviate depressive symptoms and to improve the quality of social life among different populations. Seeing that depression negatively influences social reward processing in everyday interaction, we investigate this influence during simulated interactions with humans or robots. In this study, 35 participants with mild depression and 35 controls (all from nonclinical populations) finished the social incentive delay task with event-related potential recording, in which they received performance feedback from other persons or from a robot. Compared to the controls, the mild depressive symptom (MDS) group represented abnormalities of social reward processing in the human feedback condition: first, the MDS group showed a lower hit rate and a smaller contingent-negative variation (correlated with each other) during reward anticipation; second, depression level modulated both the early phase (indexed by the feedback-related negativity (FRN)) and the late phase (indexed by the P3) of reward consumption. In contrast, the effect of depression was evident only on FRN amplitude in the robot feedback condition. We suggest that compared to human-human interaction, the rewarding properties of human-robot interaction are less likely to be affected by depression. These findings have implications for the utilization of robot-assisted intervention in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Junshi Shen
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sijin Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kexiang Gao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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21
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Meyer GM, Marco-Pallarés J, Boulinguez P, Sescousse G. Electrophysiological underpinnings of reward processing: Are we exploiting the full potential of EEG? Neuroimage 2021; 242:118478. [PMID: 34403744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain processes reward is an important and complex endeavor, which has involved the use of a range of complementary neuroimaging tools, including electroencephalography (EEG). EEG has been praised for its high temporal resolution but, because the signal recorded at the scalp is a mixture of brain activities, it is often considered to have poor spatial resolution. Besides, EEG data analysis has most often relied on event-related potentials (ERPs) which cancel out non-phase locked oscillatory activity, thus limiting the functional discriminative power of EEG attainable through spectral analyses. Because these three dimensions -temporal, spatial and spectral- have been unequally leveraged in reward studies, we argue that the full potential of EEG has not been exploited. To back up our claim, we first performed a systematic survey of EEG studies assessing reward processing. Specifically, we report on the nature of the cognitive processes investigated (i.e., reward anticipation or reward outcome processing) and the methods used to collect and process the EEG data (i.e., event-related potential, time-frequency or source analyses). A total of 359 studies involving healthy subjects and the delivery of monetary rewards were surveyed. We show that reward anticipation has been overlooked (88% of studies investigated reward outcome processing, while only 24% investigated reward anticipation), and that time-frequency and source analyses (respectively reported by 19% and 12% of the studies) have not been widely adopted by the field yet, with ERPs still being the dominant methodology (92% of the studies). We argue that this focus on feedback-related ERPs provides a biased perspective on reward processing, by ignoring reward anticipation processes as well as a large part of the information contained in the EEG signal. Finally, we illustrate with selected examples how addressing these issues could benefit the field, relying on approaches combining time-frequency analyses, blind source separation and source localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garance M Meyer
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France; CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Josep Marco-Pallarés
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Spain
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France; CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France.
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France; CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France
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22
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Lin Y, Gu R, Luan S, Hu L, Qin S, Luo YJ. The hierarchical sensitivity to social misalignment during decision-making under uncertainty. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:565-575. [PMID: 33615385 PMCID: PMC8138082 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Social misalignment occurs when a person’s attitudes and opinions deviate from those of others. We investigated how individuals react to social misalignment in risky (outcome probabilities are known) or ambiguous (outcome probabilities are unknown) decision contexts. During each trial, participants played a forced-choice gamble, and they observed the decisions of four other players after they made a tentative decision, followed by an opportunity to keep or change their initial decision. Behavioral and event-related potential data were collected. Behaviorally, the stronger the participants’ initial preference, the less likely they were to switch their decisions, whereas the more their decisions were misaligned with the majority, the more likely they were to switch. Electrophysiological results showed a hierarchical processing pattern of social misalignment. Misalignment was first detected binarily (i.e. match/mismatch) at an early stage, as indexed by the N1 component. During the second stage, participants became sensitive to low levels of misalignment, which were indexed by the feedback-related negativity. The degree of social misalignment was processed in greater detail, as indexed by the P3 component. Moreover, such hierarchical neural sensitivity is generalizable across different decision contexts (i.e. risky and ambiguous). These findings demonstrate a fine-grained neural sensitivity to social misalignment during decision-making under uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shenghua Luan
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518061, China.,College of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China.,The Research Center of Brain Science and Visual Cognition, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
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23
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Gu R, Ao X, Mo L, Zhang D. Neural correlates of negative expectancy and impaired social feedback processing in social anxiety. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:285-291. [PMID: 32232371 PMCID: PMC7236026 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety has been associated with abnormalities in cognitive processing in the literature, manifesting as various cognitive biases. To what extent these biases interrupt social interactions remains largely unclear. This study used the Social Judgment Paradigm that could separate the expectation and experience stages of social feedback processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in these two stages were recorded to detect the effect of social anxiety that might not be reflected by behavioral data. Participants were divided into two groups according to their social anxiety level. Participants in the high social anxiety (HSA) group were more likely to predict that they would be socially rejected by peers than did their low social anxiety (LSA) counterparts (i.e. the control group). Compared to the ERP data of the LSA group, the HSA group showed: (a) a larger P1 component to social cues (peer faces) prior to social feedback presentation, possibly indicating an attention bias; (b) a difference in feedback-related negativity amplitude between unexpected social acceptance and unexpected social rejection, possibly indicating an expectancy bias; and (c) a diminished sensitivity of the P3 amplitude to social feedback valence (be accepted/be rejected), possibly indicating an experience bias. These results could help understand the cognitive mechanisms that comprise and maintain social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Licheng Mo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518060, China
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24
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Selective Devaluation Affects the Processing of Preferred Rewards. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:1010-1025. [PMID: 33931831 PMCID: PMC8455391 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the representation of subjective preferences in the event-related potential is manipulable through selective devaluation, i.e., the consumption of a specific food item until satiety. Thirty-four participants completed a gambling task in which they chose between virtual doors to find one of three snack items, representing a high, medium, or low preference outcome as defined by individual desire-to-eat ratings. In one of two test sessions, they underwent selective devaluation of the high preference outcome. In the other, they completed the task on an empty stomach. Consistent with previous findings, averaged across sessions, amplitudes were increased for more preferred rewards in the time windows of P2, late FRN, and P300. As hypothesised, we also found a selective devaluation effect for the high preference outcome in the P300 time window, reflected in a decrease in amplitude. The present results provide evidence for modulations of reward processing not only by individual factors, such as subjective preferences, but also by the current motivational state. Importantly, the present data suggest that selective devaluation effects in the P300 may be a promising tool to further characterise altered valuation of food rewards in the context of eating disorders and obesity.
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25
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Yu M, Liu T, Shangguan F, Sui J, Shi J. The neurodevelopment of delay discounting for monetary rewards in pre-adolescent children. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8337. [PMID: 33863945 PMCID: PMC8052366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are found to exhibit high degrees of delay discounting compared with adults in many delay discounting studies, which might be due to the asynchronous development of "bottom-up" and "top-down" neural systems. However, the temporal dynamics associated with the two systems in the development of delay discounting processes are not well known. In this study, we chose two age groups of participants and adopted event-related potential (ERP) techniques to investigate the neural dynamic differences between children and adults during delay discounting processes. Behavioral findings showed that children discounted more than adults and chose more immediate choices. Electrophysiological findings revealed that children exhibited longer neural processing (longer P2 latency) than adults during the early detection and identification phase. Children showed less cognitive control (smaller N2 amplitude) than adults over the middle frontal areas, and they devoted more neural effort (larger P3 amplitudes) to making final choices than adults. The factors of reward amount and time delay could influence the development of delay discounting in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Tongran Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Fangfang Shangguan
- grid.253663.70000 0004 0368 505XBeijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Sui
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Student Office, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029 Liaoning China
| | - Jiannong Shi
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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26
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Cai H, Wu L. The self-esteem implicit association test is valid: Evidence from brain activity. Psych J 2021; 10:465-477. [PMID: 33511787 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A distinct challenge of implicit self-esteem research is the dubious validity of measures for implicit self-esteem. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) studies to examine whether implicit self-esteem measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) actually reflects the automatic self-evaluation. We adopted the regular IAT and the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT), respectively, to measure implicit self-esteem in two studies. We focused on the P300 that reflects the stimulus evaluation process. Study 1 revealed that participants responded faster to self pairing with good than to self pairing with bad whereas self pairing with bad elicited a delayed P300 compared with self pairing with good. Study 2 replicated these findings and further highlighted that the index of implicit self-esteem based on reaction time is correlated with that based on P300 latency. Our results suggest that implicit self-esteem assessed by the IAT measures automatic self-evaluation, thus providing neural evidence for the validity of implicit self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, Beijing, China
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27
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YUE T, HUANG X, YUE C, XUE L, FU A. Influence of an individual’s own gains and losses on the evaluation of friends’ gambling results: Evidence from ERPs. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Cervantes Constantino F, Garat S, Nicolaisen-Sobesky E, Paz V, Martínez-Montes E, Kessel D, Cabana Á, Gradin VB. Neural processing of iterated prisoner's dilemma outcomes indicates next-round choice and speed to reciprocate cooperation. Soc Neurosci 2020; 16:103-120. [PMID: 33297873 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1859410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The iterated prisoner's dilemma (iPD) game is a well-established model for testing how people cooperate, and the neural processes that unfold after its distinct outcomes have been partly described. Recent theoretical models suggest evolution favors intuitive cooperation, which raises questions on the behavioral but also neural timelines involved. We studied the outcome/feedback stage of iPD rounds with electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Results showed that neural signals associated with this stage also relate to future choice, in an outcome-dependent manner: (i) after zero-gain "sucker's payoffs" (unreciprocated cooperation), a participant's decision thereafter relates to changes to the feedback-related negativity (FRN); (ii) after one-sided non-cooperation (participant wins at co-player's expense), by the P3; (iii) after mutual cooperation, by late frontal delta-band modulations. Critically, faster reciprocation behavior towards a co-player's choice to cooperate was predicted, on a single-trial basis, by players' P3 and frontal delta modulations at the immediately preceding trial. Delta-band signaling is discussed in relation to homeostatic regulation processing in the literature. The findings relate the early outcome/feedback stage to subsequent decisional processes in the iPD, providing a first neural account of the brief timelines implied in heuristic modes of cooperation.
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29
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Wang G, Li J, Li S, Zhu C. Neural Dynamics of the Combined Discounting of Delay and Probability During the Evaluation of a Delayed Risky Reward. Front Psychol 2020; 11:576460. [PMID: 33132984 PMCID: PMC7550637 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay discounting and probability discounting are two important processes, but in daily life there are many more situations that involve delayed risky outcomes. Although neuroscience research has extensively investigated delay and probability discounting in isolation, little research has explored the neural correlates of the combined discounting of delay and probability. Using the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) technique, we designed a novel paradigm to investigate neural processes related to the combined discounting of delay and probability during the evaluation of a delayed risky reward. ERP results suggested distinct temporal dynamics for delay and probability processing during combined discounting. Both the early frontal P200 and the N2 reflected only probability, not delay, while the parietal P300 was sensitive to both probability and delay. Furthermore, the late positive potential (LPP) was sensitive to probability, but insensitive to delay. These results suggest that probability has a prolonged modulatory effect on reward evaluation in the information processing stream. These findings contribute to an understanding of the neural processes underlying the combined discounting of delay and probability. The limitation of this study is to only consider four delay and probability combinations. Future studies can explore the combined discounting of more probability and delay combinations to further test the robustness of the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Wang
- Neural Decision Science Laboratory, School of Economics and Management, Weifang University, Weifang, China.,School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Economic and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaiqi Li
- School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengkang Zhu
- School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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30
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Lees T, Maharaj S, Kalatzis G, Nassif NT, Newton PJ, Lal S. Electroencephalographic prediction of global and domain specific cognitive performance of clinically active Australian Nurses. Physiol Meas 2020; 41:095001. [PMID: 33021231 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abb12a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between EEG activity and the global and domain specific cognitive performance of healthy nurses, and determine the predictive capabilities of these relationships. APPROACH Sixty-four nurses were recruited for the present study, and data from 61 were utilised in the present analysis. Global and domain specific cognitive performance of each participant was assessed psychometrically using the Mini-mental state exam and the Cognistat, and a 32-lead monopolar EEG was recorded during a resting baseline phase and an active phase in which participants completed the Stroop test. MAIN RESULTS Global cognitive performance was successfully predicted (81%-85% of variance) by a combination of fast wave activity variables in the alpha, beta and theta frequency bands. Interestingly, predicting domain specific performance had varying degrees of success (42%-99% of the variance predicted) and relied on combinations of both slow and fast wave activity, with delta and gamma activity predicting attention performance; delta, theta, and gamma activity predicting memory performance; and delta and beta variables predicting judgement performance. SIGNIFICANCE Global and domain specific cognitive performance of Australian nurses may be predicted with varying degrees of success by a unique combination of EEG variables. These proposed models image transitory cognitive declines and as such may prove useful in the prediction of early cognitive impairment, and may enable better diagnosis, and management of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Lees
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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31
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Zheng Y, Yi W, Cheng J, Li Q. Common and distinct electrophysiological correlates of feedback processing during risky and ambiguous decision making. Neuropsychologia 2020; 146:107526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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Self-affirmation enhances the processing of uncertainty: An event-related potential study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:327-337. [PMID: 30488229 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We proposed that self-affirmation can endow people with more cognitive resource to cope with uncertainty. We tested this possibility with an event-related potential (ERP) study by examining how self-affirmation influences ambiguous feedback processing in a simple gambling task, which was used to investigate risk decision-making. We assigned 48 participants randomly to the affirmation and non-affirmation (i.e., control) groups. All participants accepted the manipulation first and then completed the gambling task with an electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, in which participants might receive a positive (winning), negative (losing), or ambiguous (unknown valence) outcome after they made a choice. We considered both the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3 components elicited by the outcome feedback, which reflected the amount of cognitive resources being invested in the early and late stages of the outcome feedback processing, respectively. ERP results showed that ambiguous feedback elicited a larger FRN among affirmed participants than unaffirmed participants but exerted no influence on the P3. This finding suggests that self-affirmation may help coping with uncertainty by enhancing the early processing of uncertainty.
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33
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Giustiniani J, Nicolier M, Teti Mayer J, Chabin T, Masse C, Galmès N, Pazart L, Trojak B, Bennabi D, Vandel P, Haffen E, Gabriel D. Event-Related Potentials (ERP) Indices of Motivation during the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E283. [PMID: 32397250 PMCID: PMC7287692 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and temporal facets of the various constructs that comprise motivation remain to be explored. Here, we adapted the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task, a well-known laboratory task used to evaluate motivation, to study the event-related potentials associated with reward processing. The Stimulus Preceding Negativity (SPN) and the P300 were utilized as motivation indicators with high density electroencephalography. The SPN was found to be more negative for difficult choices compared to easy choices, suggesting a greater level of motivation, at a neurophysiological level. The insula, a structure previously associated with both effort discounting and prediction error, was concomitantly activated during the generation of the SPN. Processing a gain significantly altered the amplitude of the P300 compared to an absence of gain, particularly on centroparietal electrodes. One of the generators of the P300 was located on the vmPFC, a cerebral structure involved in the choice between two positive results and their predictions, during loss processing. Both the SPN and the P300 appear to be reliable neural markers of motivation. We postulate that the SPN represents the strength of the motivational level, while the P300 represents the impact of motivation on updating memories of the feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Giustiniani
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (M.N.); (J.T.M.); (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.V.); (E.H.)
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Besançon, Inserm CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Magali Nicolier
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (M.N.); (J.T.M.); (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.V.); (E.H.)
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Besançon, Inserm CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France
- Neuroimaging and neurostimulation department Neuraxess, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Juliana Teti Mayer
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (M.N.); (J.T.M.); (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.V.); (E.H.)
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Thibault Chabin
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Caroline Masse
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (M.N.); (J.T.M.); (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.V.); (E.H.)
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Nathan Galmès
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Lionel Pazart
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Besançon, Inserm CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Trojak
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France;
- EA 4452, LPPM, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Djamila Bennabi
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (M.N.); (J.T.M.); (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.V.); (E.H.)
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
- FondaMental Foundation, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Pierre Vandel
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (M.N.); (J.T.M.); (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.V.); (E.H.)
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Besançon, Inserm CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (M.N.); (J.T.M.); (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.V.); (E.H.)
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Besançon, Inserm CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France
- FondaMental Foundation, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- EA 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (T.C.); (N.G.); (L.P.); (D.G.)
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Besançon, Inserm CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France
- Neuroimaging and neurostimulation department Neuraxess, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
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Fang H, Wan X, Zheng S, Meng L. The Spillover Effect of Autonomy Frustration on Human Motivation and Its Electrophysiological Representation. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:134. [PMID: 32390813 PMCID: PMC7189215 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a commonplace that some people may adopt a controlling style, which brings about autonomy frustration to others. Existing studies on autonomy frustration mainly examined its effect in the primary thwarting context, ignoring its potential spillover to subsequent activities. In this study, we examined whether prior autonomy frustration would have a sustaining negative impact on one's motivation in another autonomy-supportive activity that follows. In this electrophysiological study, participants worked on two irrelevant tasks organized by two different experimenters. We adopted a between-group design and manipulated participants' autonomy frustration by providing varied audio instructions during Session 1. In Session 2, all participants were instructed to complete a moderately difficult task that is autonomy-supportive instead, and we observed a less pronounced reward positivity (RewP) difference wave and a smaller P300 in the autonomy-frustration group compared with the control group. These findings suggested that the negative influence of autonomy frustration is longstanding and that it can undermine one's motivation and attention in a following activity that is autonomy-supportive itself. Thus, our findings provided original neutral evidence for the adverse intertemporal effect of autonomy frustration, and suggested important practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Wan
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyue Zheng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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35
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Roshani F, Piri R, Malek A, Michel TM, Vafaee MS. Comparison of cognitive flexibility, appropriate risk-taking and reaction time in individuals with and without adult ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112494. [PMID: 31439404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental and psychiatric disorder that affects different aspects of an individual life, such as cognitive functions. ADHD comprise a complex symptomatology such as cognitive flexibility and inappropriate risk-taking. We aimed to compare cognitive flexibility and appropriate risk-taking of adults with and without ADHD. For this purpose, the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) was used to screen 580 students of Tehran University in Iran. Forty participants who scored highest in CAARS were invited to have a clinical interview with a trained psychiatrist. The diagnosis was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), using the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). Finally, thirty individuals were diagnosed with ADHD. Meanwhile, the 30 students with the lowest scores on the CAARS and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were included as the control group. The two groups then were compared using the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The results of the one-way ANOVA indicated that scores of case group in the components of cognitive flexibility were significantly lower in the patients compared to the control group. Also, the ADHD group had lower scores concerning appropriate risk-taking and had a shorter reaction time. Findings of the current study might help to open further avenues in the rehabilitation of cognitive flexibility and controlling reward-seeking and risk-seeking impulses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Piri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ayyoub Malek
- Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit for Psychiatry Odense, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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36
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Na E, Jang KM, Kim MS. An Event-Related Potential Study of Decision-Making and Feedback Utilization in Female College Students Who Binge Drink. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2606. [PMID: 31824383 PMCID: PMC6883468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ability to use feedback for decision-making in female college students who binge drink (BD) using the iowa gambling task (IGT) and event-related potentials (ERPs). Twenty-seven binge drinkers and 23 non-binge drinkers (non-BD) were identified based on scores on the Korean version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Test and the Alcohol Use Questionnaire. The IGT consists of four cards, including two cards that result in a net loss, with large immediate gains but greater losses in the long term, and two cards that result in a net gain, with small immediate gains but reduced losses in the long term. Participants were required to choose one card at a time to maximize profit until the end of the task while avoiding losses. The BD group showed a significantly lower total net score than the non-BD group, indicating that the BD group chose more disadvantageous cards. The BD group showed significantly smaller ΔFRN amplitudes [difference in amplitudes of feedback-related negativity (FRN) between gain and loss feedback] but not in P3 amplitudes. Additionally, ΔFRN amplitudes in the fronto-central area were positively correlated with the total net score and net scores for sectors 4 and 5. Thus, total net scores and later performance on the IGT increased as ΔFRN amplitudes from the fronto-central area increased. FRN is known to reflect early feedback evaluation employing a bottom-up mechanism, whereas P3 is known to reflect late feedback processing and allocation of attentional resources using a top-down mechanism. These results indicate that college students who binge drink have deficits in early evaluation of positive or negative feedback and that this deficit may be related to decision-making deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchan Na
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mi Jang
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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Wang F, Wang X, Wang F, Gao L, Rao H, Pan Y. Agreeableness modulates group member risky decision-making behavior and brain activity. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116100. [PMID: 31445127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When facing difficult decisions, people typically believe that "two heads are better than one". However, findings from previous studies are inconsistent regarding the advantages of decision-making in groups as compared to individual decision-making. We hypothesize that personality traits may modulate risk-taking behavior and brain activity changes during group decision-making. In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERP) with a well-validated balloon analogue risk task (BART) paradigm to examine the relationships between personality traits, decision-making behavior, and brain activity patterns when a cohort of male participants make decisions and take risks both in groups and in isolation. We found significantly increased risk-taking behavior and reduced P300 component during group decision-making as compared to individual decision-making only for participants with high Agreeableness, but not for those with low Agreeableness. Moreover, Agreeableness scores correlated with risk-taking behavior and P300 amplitude changes in group decisions. These findings suggest that Agreeableness personality modulates risk-taking behavior and brain activity when people make decisions in groups, which have implications for future group decision research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, People's Republic of China; Postdoctoral Research Station, Shanghai International Studies University, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, People's Republic of China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yu Pan
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu X, Xu M, Wang H, Gu R, Jin Z. The influence of self-construals on the ERP response to the rewards for self and friend. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 147:1-8. [PMID: 31697960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temporary self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) priming can modulate the neural response to the reward for an individual. Our previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have indicated that people experience the rewards for a friend less strongly than they experience the same amount rewards for themselves. However, an issue remaining unclear is whether the ERP responses to rewards for a friend vary according to the way in which the self is construed. In the present study, we manipulated participants' self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) and found that independent self-construal priming resulted in a greater feedback-related negativity (FRN) in response to outcome feedback for oneself than for a friend during a monetary gambling task. In contrast, interdependent self-construal priming resulted in a comparable FRN in response to outcome feedback for oneself and for a friend. The P3 amplitude was insensitive to the self-construal manipulation. Our findings suggest that interdependent priming may result in comparable motivation elicited by rewards for participants themselves and for their friends. This study provides novel evidence that the neural response to rewards for friend varies according to the way in which the self is construed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Zhu
- Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Educational Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- International Joint Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, China.
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39
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Terranova C, Tagliabue M, Cona G, Gianfranchi E, Di Pietra L, Vidotto G, Montisci M. Neurocognitive and behavioral markers in DUI recidivists. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2019; 20:S185-S189. [PMID: 31674802 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1659591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol recidivism may be a risk-taking behavior motivated by a change in decision-making capacity. Decision-making capacity has been investigated by event-related potentials (ERPs) acquisition and specifically by analyzing feedback-related negativity (FRN) reflecting the activity of medial prefrontal cortex. Thus, the aim of our study was to test the role of FRN as a possible neurophysiological marker of underestimation of risk associated with DUI recidivism to provide novel insights into the influence of neurocognitive aspects of driving ability.Methods: The research was structured as a case-control study. The total cohort (30 Italian male subjects) was divided into 2 groups, according to positive or negative history of DUI recidivism. The protocol included informed consent collection, medical history and clinical examination, ERP registration, and sensation-seeking scale administration. ERPs were acquired during a gambling task. The data were analyzed with 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) repeated measures. Statistical analyses were conducted using R to test the participants' risk behaviors. A multivariate ANOVA was run to compare the personality traits of the groups. ANOVAs and planned comparisons were performed with StatSoft software.Results: FRN amplitude analyses showed that the interaction Reward Magnitude × Valence (large vs. small × gains vs. losses) was significant for recidivists (F(1,13) = 11.75, P < .01) but not for controls (F(1,14) = 0.04, P = .84). The results of the logistic generalized linear models analysis showed that the 2 groups differed in risk-taking behavior (z = -3.65; P < .001) with an average of 70 risky choices for recidivists and 63 for controls. Both groups were homogeneous for personality traits.Conclusions: The FRN and gambling task results suggest that DUI recidivists seemed attracted by the prospect of a large reward and appeared unable to recognize small losses read as wins These results, if confirmed in a larger sample, could indicate the usefulness of ERP analysis in clinical and forensic evaluation of DUI subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Terranova
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Di Pietra
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Vidotto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Montisci
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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40
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Martínez-Selva JM, Muñoz MA, Sánchez-Navarro JP, Walteros C, Montoya P. Time Course of the Neural Activity Related to Behavioral Decision-Making as Revealed by Event-Related Potentials. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:191. [PMID: 31551726 PMCID: PMC6733882 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the time course of the electrocortical activity evoked by gains and losses in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the brain sources of this electrical activity, and its association with behavioral parameters of task performance in order to achieve a better knowledge of decision-making processes. Method: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained from a 64-channel EEG in 25 participants when performing the IGT. Brain source localization analyses of the ERP components were also assessed. Results: ERP amplitudes were sensitive to gains and losses. An early fronto-central negativity was elicited when feedback was provided for both gains and losses, and correlated with the number of gains at FCz and with the number of both gains and losses at Cz. The P200 component had larger amplitudes to losses and correlated positively with the number of losses. Feedback related negativity (FRN) was higher at frontal, temporal and occipital electrodes in trials with monetary losses. In addition, trials with monetary losses elicited larger P300 magnitudes than trials with monetary gains at all electrode localizations. Conclusions: All ERP components (except P300) were related to participants’ performance in the IGT. Amplitudes of P200 and P300 were associated with the conscious recognition of the error during the decision-making. Performance data and source analysis underline the importance of the medial prefrontal cortex when processing feedback about monetary losses in the IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Martínez-Selva
- School of Psychology, University of Murcia and Murcia Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Juan P Sánchez-Navarro
- School of Psychology, University of Murcia and Murcia Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - César Walteros
- Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
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Lin Y, Duan L, Xu P, Li X, Gu R, Luo Y. Electrophysiological indexes of option characteristic processing. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13403. [PMID: 31134663 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Decision making is vital to human behavior and can be divided into multiple stages including option assessment, behavioral output, and feedback evaluation. Studying how people evaluate option characteristics in the option assessment stage would provide important knowledge on human decision making. Using the event-related potential (ERP) method, the present study investigated the neural mechanism of evaluating two types of option characteristics (i.e., reward magnitude and degree of uncertainty) in the temporal dimension. Thirty-five volunteers participated in a monetary gambling task, where they either accepted or rejected gambles. The ERP results showed a double dissociation pattern, with the early P1 component being sensitive to magnitude but insensitive to degree of uncertainty, while both the N2 and P3 components showed the opposite pattern. The results suggest that these two fundamental option features are assessed rapidly and separately in the human brain. Specifically, small magnitude elicited a larger P1 than did large magnitude, indicating that the perceptual and attentional processing of options is modulated by magnitude. Both the N2 and P3 amplitudes evoked by the risky context were larger than those evoked by the ambiguous one, reflecting that more cognitive conflicts and resources are involved in the former condition. Furthermore, the P1, but not the N2 or P3, amplitude was sensitive to decisions, suggesting that early attentional processes may contribute to human decision making. These findings may provide insight into the temporal mechanisms of option characteristic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Lin
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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42
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Li S, Zhang T, Sawyer BD, Zhang W, Hancock PA. Angry Drivers Take Risky Decisions: Evidence from Neurophysiological Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101701. [PMID: 31096546 PMCID: PMC6572592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the risk-taking behaviors of angry drivers, which were coincidentally measured via behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. We manipulated a driving scenario that concerned a Go/No-Go decision at an intersection when the controlling traffic light was in its yellow phase. This protocol was based upon the underlying format of the Iowa gambling task. Variation in the anger level was induced through task frustration. The data of twenty-four drivers were analyzed via behavioral and neural recordings, and P300 was specifically extracted from EEG traces. In addition, the behavioral performance was indexed by the percentage of high-risk choices minus the number of the low-risk choices taken, which identified the risk-taking propensity. Results confirmed a significant main effect of anger on the decisions taken. The risk-taking propensity decreased across the sequence of trial blocks in baseline assessments. However, with anger, the risk-taking propensity increased across the trial regimen. Drivers in anger state also showed a higher mean amplitude of P300 than that in baseline state. Additionally, high-risk choices evoked larger P300 amplitude than low-risk choices during the anger state. Moreover, the P300 amplitude of high-risk choices was significantly larger in the anger state than the baseline state. The negative feedback induced larger P300 amplitude than that recorded in positive feedback trials. The results corroborated that the drivers exhibited higher risk-taking propensity when angry although they were sensitive to the inherent risk-reward evaluations within the scenario. To reduce this type of risk-taking, we proposed some effective/affective intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Tingru Zhang
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ben D Sawyer
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Peter A Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Predicting risk decisions in a modified Balloon Analogue Risk Task: Conventional and single-trial ERP analyses. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:99-116. [PMID: 29204798 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potential (ERP) has the potential to reveal the temporal neurophysiological dynamics of risk decision-making, but this potential has not been fully explored in previous studies. When predicting risk decision with ERPs, most studies focus on between-trial analysis that reflects feedback learning, while within-trial analysis that could directly link option assessment with behavioral output has been largely ignored. Suitable task design is crucial for applying within-trial prediction. In this study, we used a modified version of the classic Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). In each trial of the task, participants made multiple rounds of decisions between a risky option (pump up the balloon) and a safe option (cash out). Behavioral results show that as the level of economic risk increased, participants were less willing to make a risky decision and also needed a longer response time to do so. In general, the ERP results showed distinct characteristics compared with previous findings based on between-trial prediction, particularly about the role of the P1 component. Specifically, both the P1 (amplitude and latency) and P3 (amplitude) components evoked by current outcomes predicted subsequent decisions. We suggest that these findings indicate the importance of selective attention (indexed by the P1) and motivational functions (indexed by the P3), which may help clarify the cognitive mechanism of risk decision-making. The theoretical significance of these findings is discussed.
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44
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D'Aurizio G, Migliore S, Curcio G, Squitieri F. Safer Attitude to Risky Decision-Making in Premanifest Huntington's Disease Subjects. Front Psychol 2019; 10:846. [PMID: 31057466 PMCID: PMC6477566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary, jerky movements, incoordination, behavioral changes and subtle executive and cognitive impairment starting before motor symptoms. Our study aimed to assess the risky decision-making process in premanifest (pre) HD subjects, by means Game of Dice Task (GDT). As dependent variables, several GDT outcomes have been taken into consideration. We recruited 30 subjects (15 females) with preHD (i.e., Diagnosis Confidence Level < 4; Total Motor Score < 10), and 21 age, gender and education matched neurologically normal subjects (11 females). GDT is a computer-guided task where subjects are invited to watch the digits on which to bet and to evaluate the related potential risk to win or loss. Our results showed that decision and feedback times were longer in preHD than in neurologically normal group in both disadvantageous and advantageous choices. PreHD subjects provided a greater number of “safe” strategies, taken with longer decision-making time than neurologically normal subjects, showing a reduced propensity to risk. Such behavior, characterized by increased slowness in acting and providing answers, might contribute to delineate a behavioral and cognitive profile in preHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D'Aurizio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simone Migliore
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curcio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Squitieri
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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45
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Wang G, Li J, Wang P, Zhu C, Pan J, Li S. Neural Dynamics of Processing Probability Weight and Monetary Magnitude in the Evaluation of a Risky Reward. Front Psychol 2019; 10:554. [PMID: 30984057 PMCID: PMC6448026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Risky decision-making involves risky reward valuation, choice, and feedback processes. However, the temporal dynamics of risky reward processing are not well understood. Using event-related brain potential, we investigated the neural correlates of probability weight and money magnitude in the evaluation of a risky reward. In this study, each risky choice consisted of two risky options, which were presented serially to separate decision-making and option evaluation processes. The early P200 component reflected the process of probability weight, not money magnitude. The medial frontal negativity (MFN) reflected both probability weight and money magnitude processes. The late positive potential (LPP) only reflected the process of probability weight. These results demonstrate distinct temporal dynamics for probability weight and money magnitude processes when evaluating a risky outcome, providing a better understanding of the possible mechanism underlying risky reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Wang
- Neural Decision Science Laboratory, Weifang University, Weifang, China.,Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Economic and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China.,School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Business School, Tianjin University of Economic and Finance, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengkang Zhu
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaiqi Li
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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46
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The influence of self-construals on the ERP response to the rewards for self and mother. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:366-374. [PMID: 29464554 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Individual self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) could be temporarily modulated by the priming effect. Our previous studies have found that when Chinese participants gambled for mother and for self, outcome feedback evoked comparable neural responses between two conditions. However, it remains unclear if the response to rewards for mother and for self would differ after independence self-construal priming. In this study, we manipulated participants' self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) before a simple gambling task. The event-related potential (ERP) results reveal that when an interdependent self-construal was primed, the participants exhibited a comparable feedback-related negativity (FRN) elicited by outcome feedback for self and for mother. In contrast, independent self-construal priming resulted in a greater FRN elicited by outcome feedback for self than for mother. Meanwhile, the P3 component was insensitive to self-construal manipulation. These findings indicate the modulation effect of self-construal priming on the response to rewards for others.
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47
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Yang Z, Sedikides C, Gu R, Luo YLL, Wang Y, Cai H. Narcissism and risky decisions: a neurophysiological approach. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:889-897. [PMID: 30016494 PMCID: PMC6123519 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Narcissists are prone to risky decision-making, but why? This study tested—via behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures—two accounts: deficiencies in error monitoring and deficiencies in action updating. High and low narcissists were engaged in a monetary gambling task by choosing between a high-risk and a low-risk option while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was being recorded. Two ERP components relevant to outcome evaluation—feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3—were analyzed, with the FRN serving as an index of error monitoring and the P3 as an index of action updating. Generally, high and low narcissists differed in the high-risk condition but not in the low-risk condition. At the behavioral level, high (vs low) narcissists made riskier decisions following high-risk decision outcomes, which was in line with past findings; at the neurophysiological level, while no FRN difference emerged between high and low narcissists, the outcome valence effect (positive vs negative) on the P3 was stronger among low narcissists than high narcissists following high-risk decision outcomes. One possible interpretation of the results is that narcissism is associated with reduced action updating. The findings contribute to the understanding of narcissistic decision-making and self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu L L Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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48
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Goals matter: Amplification of the motivational significance of the feedback when goal impact is increased. Brain Cogn 2018; 128:56-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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49
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Yin H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li P. Feedback delay impaired reinforcement learning: Principal components analysis of Reward Positivity. Neurosci Lett 2018; 685:179-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Electrophysiological correlates of near outcome and outcome sequence processing in problem gamblers and controls. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 132:379-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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