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Kraft JN, Matijevic S, Hoagey DA, Kennedy KM, Rodrigue KM. Differential Effects of Aging on Regional Corpus Callosum Microstructure and the Modifying Influence of Pulse Pressure. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0449-23.2024. [PMID: 38719452 PMCID: PMC11106647 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0449-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is composed of several subregions, distinct in cellular and functional organization. This organization scheme may render these subregions differentially vulnerable to the aging process. Callosal integrity may be further compromised by cardiovascular risk factors, which negatively influence white matter health. Here, we test for heterochronicity of aging, hypothesizing an anteroposterior gradient of vulnerability to aging that may be altered by the effects of cardiovascular health. In 174 healthy adults across the adult lifespan (mean age = 53.56 ± 18.90; range, 20-94 years old, 58.62% women), pulse pressure (calculated as participant's systolic minus diastolic blood pressure) was assessed to determine cardiovascular risk. A deterministic tractography approach via diffusion-weighted imaging was utilized to extract fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) from each of five callosal subregions, serving as estimates of microstructural health. General linear models tested the effects of age, hypertension, and pulse pressure on these cross-sectional metrics. We observed no significant effect of hypertensive diagnosis on callosal microstructure. We found a significant main effect of age and an age-pulse pressure interaction whereby older age and elevated pulse pressure were associated with poorer FA, AD, and RD. Age effects revealed nonlinear components and occurred along an anteroposterior gradient of severity in the callosum. This gradient disappeared when pulse pressure was considered. These results indicate that age-related deterioration across the callosum is regionally variable and that pulse pressure, a proxy of arterial stiffness, exacerbates this aging pattern in a large lifespan cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Kraft
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Stephanie Matijevic
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - David A Hoagey
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
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Sharp FR, DeCarli CS, Jin LW, Zhan X. White matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism, and APP/Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology: A hypothesis and review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1096206. [PMID: 36845656 PMCID: PMC9950279 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1096206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We postulate that myelin injury contributes to cholesterol release from myelin and cholesterol dysmetabolism which contributes to Abeta dysmetabolism, and combined with genetic and AD risk factors, leads to increased Abeta and amyloid plaques. Increased Abeta damages myelin to form a vicious injury cycle. Thus, white matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism and Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce or worsen AD neuropathology. The amyloid cascade is the leading hypothesis for the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The failure of clinical trials based on this hypothesis has raised other possibilities. Even with a possible new success (Lecanemab), it is not clear whether this is a cause or a result of the disease. With the discovery in 1993 that the apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE4) was the major risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD), there has been increasing interest in cholesterol in AD since APOE is a major cholesterol transporter. Recent studies show that cholesterol metabolism is intricately involved with Abeta (Aβ)/amyloid transport and metabolism, with cholesterol down-regulating the Aβ LRP1 transporter and upregulating the Aβ RAGE receptor, both of which would increase brain Aβ. Moreover, manipulating cholesterol transport and metabolism in rodent AD models can ameliorate pathology and cognitive deficits, or worsen them depending upon the manipulation. Though white matter (WM) injury has been noted in AD brain since Alzheimer's initial observations, recent studies have shown abnormal white matter in every AD brain. Moreover, there is age-related WM injury in normal individuals that occurs earlier and is worse with the APOE4 genotype. Moreover, WM injury precedes formation of plaques and tangles in human Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and precedes plaque formation in rodent AD models. Restoring WM in rodent AD models improves cognition without affecting AD pathology. Thus, we postulate that the amyloid cascade, cholesterol dysmetabolism and white matter injury interact to produce and/or worsen AD pathology. We further postulate that the primary initiating event could be related to any of the three, with age a major factor for WM injury, diet and APOE4 and other genes a factor for cholesterol dysmetabolism, and FAD and other genes for Abeta dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles S. DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
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3
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Pietrasik W, Cribben I, Olsen F, Malykhin N. Diffusion tensor imaging of superficial prefrontal white matter in healthy aging. Brain Res 2023; 1799:148152. [PMID: 36343726 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a heterogenous structure that is highly susceptible to the effects of aging. Few studies have investigated age effects on the superficial white matter (WM) contained within the PFC using in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to examine the effects of age, sex, and intracranial volume (ICV) on superficial WM within specific PFC subregions, and to model the relationships with age using higher order polynomial regression modelling. PFC WM of 140 healthy individuals, aged 18-85, was segmented into medial and lateral orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal, and dorsolateral prefrontal subregions. Differences due to age in microstructural parameters such as fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivities, and macrostructural measures of tract volumes, fiber counts, average fiber lengths, and average number of fibers per voxel were examined. We found that most prefrontal subregions demonstrated age effects, with decreases in FA, tract volume, and fiber counts, and increases in all diffusivity measures. Age relationships were mostly non-linear, with higher order regressions chosen in most cases. Declines in PFC FA began at the onset of adulthood while the greatest changes in diffusivity and volume did not occur until middle age. The effects of age were most prominent in medial tracts while the lateral orbitofrontal tracts were less affected. Significant effects of sex and ICV were also observed in certain parameters. The patterns mostly followed myelination order, with late-myelinating prefrontal subregions experiencing earlier and more pronounced age effects, further supporting the frontal theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pietrasik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ivor Cribben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Accounting & Business Analytics, Alberta School of Business, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fraser Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikolai Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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4
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Irimia A, Ngo V, Chaudhari NN, Zhang F, Joshi SH, Penkova AN, O'Donnell LJ, Sheikh-Bahaei N, Zheng X, Chui HC. White matter degradation near cerebral microbleeds is associated with cognitive change after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:68-80. [PMID: 36116396 PMCID: PMC9759713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To explore how cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) accompanying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) reflect white matter (WM) degradation and cognitive decline, magnetic resonance images were acquired from 62 mTBI adults (imaged ∼7 days and ∼6 months post-injury) and 203 matched healthy controls. On average, mTBI participants had a count of 2.7 ± 2.6 traumatic CMBs in WM, located 6.1 ± 4.4 mm from cortex. At ∼6-month follow-up, 97% of CMBs were associated with significant reductions (34% ± 11%, q < 0.05) in the fractional anisotropy of WM streamlines within ∼1 cm of CMB locations. Male sex and older age were significant risk factors for larger reductions (q < 0.05). For CMBs in the corpus callosum, cingulum bundle, inferior and middle longitudinal fasciculi, fractional anisotropy changes were significantly and positively associated with changes in cognitive functions mediated by these structures (q < 0.05). Our findings distinguish traumatic from non-traumatic CMBs by virtue of surrounding WM alterations and challenge the assumption that traumatic CMBs are neurocognitively silent. Thus, mTBI with CMB findings can be described as a clinical endophenotype warranting longitudinal cognitive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Van Ngo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shantanu H Joshi
- Ahmanson Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anita N Penkova
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lauren J O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Ingo C, Kurian S, Higgins J, Mahinrad S, Jenkins L, Gorelick P, Lloyd-Jones D, Sorond F. Vascular health and diffusion properties of normal appearing white matter in midlife. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab080. [PMID: 34494002 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we perform a region of interest diffusion tensor imaging and advanced diffusion complexity analysis of normal appearing white matter to determine the impact of vascular health on these diffusivity metrics in midlife adults. 77 participants (26 black, 35 female) at year 30 visit in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults longitudinal study were scanned with an advanced diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery protocol. Fractional anisotropy and non-linear diffusion complexity measures were estimated. Cumulative measures across 30 years (9 study visits) of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, glucose, smoking and cholesterol were calculated as the area under the curve from baseline up to year 30 examination. Partial correlation analyses assessed the association between cumulative vascular health measures and normal appearing white matter diffusion metrics in these participants. Midlife normal appearing white matter diffusion properties were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with cumulative exposure to vascular risk factors from young adulthood over the 30-year time period. Higher cumulative systolic blood pressure exposure was associated with increased complexity and decreased fractional anisotropy. Higher cumulative body mass index exposure was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy. Additionally, in the normal appearing white matter of black participants (P < 0.05), who exhibited a higher cumulative vascular risk exposure, fractional anisotropy was lower and complexity was higher in comparison to normal appearing white matter in white participants. Higher burden of vascular risk factor exposure from young adulthood to midlife is associated with changes in the diffusion properties of normal appearing white matter in midlife. These changes which may reflect axonal disruption, increased inflammation and/or increased glial proliferation, were primarily observed in both anterior and posterior normal appearing white matter regions of the corpus callosum. These results suggest that microstructural changes in normal appearing white matter are sensitive to vascular health during young adulthood and are possibly therapeutic targets in interventions focused on preserving white matter health across life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson Ingo
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shawn Kurian
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Higgins
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Simin Mahinrad
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisanne Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip Gorelick
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Beydoun MA, Shaked D, Hossain S, Weiss J, Beydoun HA, Maldonado AI, Katzel LI, Davatzikos C, Gullapalli RP, Seliger SL, Erus G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Red cell distribution width, anemia and their associations with white matter integrity among middle-aged urban adults. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:229-240. [PMID: 34120091 PMCID: PMC8338752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anemia (blood hemoglobin [Hb] <13 g/dL among males; <12 g/dL among females) and elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) are potential risk factors for reduced brain white matter integrity (WMI), reflected by lower fractional anisotropy or increased mean diffusivity. Cross-sectional data with exposure-outcome lag time was used, whereby hematological exposures (RDW and Hb) and covariates were compiled from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study with available visit 1 (v1; 2004-2009) and/or v2 (2009-2013) data; while diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) outcome data were collected at HANDLS SCAN visit (vscan: 2011-2015, n = 214, mean follow-up from v1 ±SD: 5.6 ± 1.8 year). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted, overall, stratifying by sex, and further restricting to the nonanemic for RDW exposures in part of the analyses. Among males, RDW(v1) was linked with lower global mean fractional anisotropy (standardized effect size b = -0.30, p= 0.003, q < 0.05; basic model), an association only slightly attenuated with further covariate adjustment. Anemia was not a risk factor for poor WMI, independently of RDW. Ultimately, pending further longitudinal evidence, initial RDW appears to be associated with poorer WMI among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Department of Psychology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharmin Hossain
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Ana I Maldonado
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Lab, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guray Erus
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Lab, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Acute cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury predicts the occurrence of brain atrophy patterns similar to those observed in Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2021; 43:2015-2039. [PMID: 33900530 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are often followed by persistent structural brain alterations and by cognitive sequalae, including memory deficits, reduced neural processing speed, impaired social function, and decision-making difficulties. Although mild TBI (mTBI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the extent to which these conditions share patterns of macroscale neurodegeneration has not been quantified. Comparing such patterns can not only reveal how the neurodegenerative trajectories of TBI and AD are similar, but may also identify brain atrophy features which can be leveraged to prognosticate AD risk after TBI. The primary aim of this study is to systematically map how TBI affects white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) properties in AD-analogous patterns. Our findings identify substantial similarities in the regional macroscale neurodegeneration patterns associated with mTBI and AD. In cerebral GM, such similarities are most extensive in brain areas involved in memory and executive function, such as the temporal poles and orbitofrontal cortices, respectively. Our results indicate that the spatial pattern of cerebral WM degradation observed in AD is broadly similar to the pattern of diffuse axonal injury observed in TBI, which frequently affects WM structures like the fornix, corpus callosum, and corona radiata. Using machine learning, we find that the severity of AD-like brain changes observed during the chronic stage of mTBI can be accurately prognosticated based on acute assessments of post-traumatic mild cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that acute post-traumatic cognitive impairment predicts the magnitude of AD-like brain atrophy, which is itself associated with AD risk.
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McKinnon AC, Stickel A, Ryan L. Cardiovascular risk factors and APOE-ε4 status affect memory functioning in aging via changes to temporal stem diffusion. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:502-517. [PMID: 33070365 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prior research investigating associations between hypertension, obesity, and apolipoprotein (APOE) genotype status with memory performance among older adults has yielded inconsistent results. This may reflect, in part, a lack of first accounting for the effects these variables have on structural brain changes, that in turn contribute to age-related memory impairment. The current study sought to clarify the relationships between these factors via path modeling. We hypothesized that higher body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and being an APOE-ε4 allele carrier would predict poorer memory scores, with much of these effects accounted for by indirect effects operating via differences in the integrity of temporal stem white matter. Participants included 125 healthy older adults who underwent neuropsychological assessment and diffusion-weighted MRI scanning. Direct effects were found for hypertension and demographic variables including age, sex, and education. Importantly, indirect effects were found for BMI, hypertension, APOE-ε4 status, age, and sex, where these factors predicted memory scores via their impact on temporal stem diffusion measures. There was also a dual effect of sex, with a direct effect indicating that females had better memory performance overall, and an indirect effect indicating that females with greater temporal stem diffusion had poorer memory performance. Results suggest that changes to the integrity of temporal white matter in aging may underpin reduced memory performance. These results highlight that accounting for variables that not only directly impact cognition, but also for those that indirectly impact cognition via structural brain changes, is crucial for understanding the impact of risk factors on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C McKinnon
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ariana Stickel
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lee Ryan
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Cardiometabolic determinants of early and advanced brain alterations: Insights from conventional and novel MRI techniques. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:308-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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HU L, ZHANG R, WANG S, HONG H, HUANG P, ZHANG M. [Correlation of cardiovascular risk factors with brain iron deposition: A magnetic resonance imaging study]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:644-650. [PMID: 31955539 PMCID: PMC8800666 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.12.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation of common cardiovascular risk factors with brain iron deposition. METHODS Eighty-four elderly subjects without neurological diseases or brain trauma were included in the study. The cardiovascular risk factors were comprehensively assessed. MRI examination was performed to obtain high-resolution T1-weighted images and enhanced susceptibility weighted angiography (ESWAN) images, and R2* figure was obtained by post-processing the ESWAN sequence. High definition T1 images were segmented using computer segmentation technique. After registration to the ESWAN image, R2* values of each region of interest were extracted. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship of R2* values in each area of interest with gender, age and vascular risk factors. RESULTS Smoking was associated with increased R2* values in the hippocampus, white matter and cortex (β=0.244, 0.317, 0.277, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Hypertension was correlated with the increase of R2* in the putamen (β=0.241, P=0.027). Hyperglycemia was associated with the increase of R2* in the thalamus (β=0.234, P<0.05). In the thalamus, the R2* value of males was higher than that of females (β=0.320, P<0.05). Age was correlated with the R2* values of thalamus, caudate nucleus, pallidus, white matter and cortex (β=-0.218、-0.254、0.216、-0.280 and -0.238, P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Common cardiovascular risk factors may lead to iron deposition in the brain, and the deposition patterns vary with the gender, age and different risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peiyu HUANG
- 黄沛钰(1985-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 硕士生导师, 主要从事神经影像学研究, E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-9369
| | - Minming ZHANG
- 张敏鸣(1957-), 女, 博士, 教授, 主任医师, 博士生导师, 主要从事神经退行性疾病的多模态影像和肿瘤精准影像学研究, E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-7558
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11
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Lam BYK, Leung KT, Yiu B, Zhao L, Biesbroek JM, Au L, Tang Y, Wang K, Fan Y, Fu JH, Xu Q, Song H, Tian X, Chu WCW, Abrigo J, Shi L, Ko H, Lau A, Duering M, Wong A, Mok VCT. Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity and its association with age-related cognitive alterations and vascular risk factors. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:721-729. [PMID: 31700990 PMCID: PMC6829102 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Only two studies investigated the associations between peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) and age-related cognitive alterations, whereas none of the studies investigated the association with vascular risk factors. Methods We evaluated 801 stroke- and dementia-free elderlies with baseline and 3-year follow-up assessments. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between age-related cognitive functions and PSMD. Simple mediation models were used to study the mediation effect of PSMD between vascular risk factors and age-related cognitive outcomes. Results PSMD was negatively associated with processing speed at baseline and negatively associated with processing and memory scores at 3-year follow-up. The association between vascular risk factors and age-related cognition was mediated by PSMD, as well as other diffusion tensor imaging markers. Discussion PSMD is preferred over other diffusion tensor imaging markers as it is sensitive to age-related cognitive alterations and calculation is fully automated. PSMD is proposed as a research tool to monitor age-related cognitive alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Yin Ka Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia, Margaret Kam Ling Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Tat Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Yiu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia, Margaret Kam Ling Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J Matthijs Biesbroek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Au
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia, Margaret Kam Ling Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yumi Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Winnie Chiu Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jill Abrigo
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Shi
- BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia, Margaret Kam Ling Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alexander Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia, Margaret Kam Ling Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia, Margaret Kam Ling Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Chung Tong Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia, Margaret Kam Ling Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Shaked D, Leibel DK, Katzel LI, Davatzikos C, Gullapalli RP, Seliger SL, Erus G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Disparities in Diffuse Cortical White Matter Integrity Between Socioeconomic Groups. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:198. [PMID: 31244633 PMCID: PMC6581723 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing literature demonstrating a link between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and poorer neuroanatomical health, such as smaller total and regional gray and white matter volumes, as well as greater white matter lesion volumes. Little is known, however, about the relation between SES and white matter integrity. Here we examined the relation between SES and white matter integrity of the brain’s primary cortical regions, and evaluated potential moderating influences of age and self-identified race. Participants were 192 neurologically intact, community-dwelling African American and White adults (mean age = 52 years; 44% male, 60% White, low SES = 52%) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study. Participants underwent 3.0-T cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to estimate regional fractional anisotropy (FA) to quantify the brain’s white matter integrity and trace to capture diffusivity. Multiple regression analyses examined independent and interactive associations of SES, age, and race with FA of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes bilaterally. Sensitivity analyses assessed the influence of several biopsychosocial risk factors on these associations. Exploratory analyses examined these relations with trace and using additional SES indicators. Results indicated there were no significant interactions of SES, age, and race for any region. Individuals with low SES had lower FA in all regions, and higher trace in the right and left frontal, right and left temporal, and left occipital lobes. Findings remained largely unchanged after inclusion of sensitivity variables. Older age was associated with lower FA and greater trace for all regions, except for the right temporal lobe with FA. No main effects were found for race in FA, and Whites had higher trace values in the parietal lobes. Novel findings of this study indicate that relative to the high SES group, low SES was associated with poorer white matter integrity and greater diffusivity. These results may, in part, reflect exposures to various biopsychosocial risk factors experienced by those of lower SES across the lifespan, and may help explain the preponderance of cognitive and functional disparities between socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Shaked
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel K Leibel
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guray Erus
- Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Ryan L, Hay M, Huentelman MJ, Duarte A, Rundek T, Levin B, Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Mehl MR, Barnes CA. Precision Aging: Applying Precision Medicine to the Field of Cognitive Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:128. [PMID: 31231204 PMCID: PMC6568195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current "one size fits all" approach to our cognitive aging population is not adequate to close the gap between cognitive health span and lifespan. In this review article, we present a novel model for understanding, preventing, and treating age-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) based on concepts borrowed from precision medicine. We will discuss how multiple risk factors can be classified into risk categories because of their interrelatedness in real life, the genetic variants that increase sensitivity to, or ameliorate, risk for ARCI, and the brain drivers or common mechanisms mediating brain aging. Rather than providing a definitive model of risk for ARCI and cognitive decline, the Precision Aging model is meant as a starting point to guide future research. To that end, after briefly discussing key risk categories, genetic risks, and brain drivers, we conclude with a discussion of steps that must be taken to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ryan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Meredith Hay
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matt J. Huentelman
- Neurobehavioral Research Unit, Division of Neurological Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Audrey Duarte
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Clinical and Translational Research Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bonnie Levin
- Neuropsychology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthias R. Mehl
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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14
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McPhee GM, Downey LA, Stough C. Effects of sustained cognitive activity on white matter microstructure and cognitive outcomes in healthy middle-aged adults: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:35-47. [PMID: 30802543 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Adults who remain cognitively active may be protected from age-associated changes in white matter (WM) and cognitive decline. To determine if cognitive activity is a precursor for WM plasticity, the available literature was systematically searched for Region of Interest (ROI) and whole-brain studies assessing the efficacy of cognitive training (CT) on WM microstructure using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in healthy adults (> 40 years). Seven studies were identified and included in this review. Results suggest there are beneficial effects to WM microstructure after CT in frontal and medial brain regions, with some studies showing improved performance in cognitive outcomes. Benefits of CT were shown to be protective against age-related WM microstructure decline by either maintaining or improving WM after training. These results have implications for determining the capacity for training-dependent WM plasticity in older adults and whether CT can be utilised to prevent age-associated cognitive decline. Additional studies with standardised training and imaging protocols are needed to confirm these outcomes.
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15
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Hanks R, Millis S, Scott S, Gattu R, O’Hara NB, Haacke M, Kou Z. The relation between cognitive dysfunction and diffusion tensor imaging parameters in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2018; 33:355-363. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1553073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Hanks
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott Millis
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Selena Scott
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Neuropsychology, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramtilak Gattu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhifeng Kou
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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16
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Operto G, Cacciaglia R, Grau-Rivera O, Falcon C, Brugulat-Serrat A, Ródenas P, Ramos R, Morán S, Esteller M, Bargalló N, Molinuevo JL, Gispert JD. White matter microstructure is altered in cognitively normal middle-aged APOE-ε4 homozygotes. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:48. [PMID: 29793545 PMCID: PMC5968505 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE-ε4) is the strongest genetic factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. During middle age, cognitively healthy APOE-ε4 carriers already show several brain alterations that resemble those of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but to a subtler degree. These include microstructural white matter (WM) changes that have been proposed as one of the earliest structural events in the AD cascade. However, previous studies have focused mainly on comparison of APOE-ε4 carriers vs noncarriers. Therefore, the extent and magnitude of the brain alterations in healthy ε4 homozygotes, who are the individuals at highest risk, remain to be characterized in detail. METHODS We examined mean, axial, and radial water diffusivity (MD, AxD, and RD, respectively) and fractional anisotropy in the WM as measured by diffusion-weighted imaging in 532 cognitively healthy middle-aged participants from the ALFA study (ALzheimer and FAmilies) cohort, a single-site population-based study enriched for AD risk (68 APOE-ε4 homozygotes, 207 heterozygotes, and 257 noncarriers). We examined the impact of age and APOE genotype on these parameters using tract-based spatial statistics. RESULTS Healthy APOE-ε4 homozygotes display increased WM diffusivity in regions known to be affected by AD. The effects in AxD were much smaller than in RD, suggesting a disruption of the myelin sheath rather than pure axonal damage. CONCLUSIONS These findings could be interpreted as the result of the reduced capacity of the ε4 isoform of the APOE protein to keep cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. Because cerebral lipid metabolism is strongly related to the pathogenesis of AD, our results shed light on the possible mechanisms through which the APOE-ε4 genotype is associated with an increased risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Operto
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington, 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington, 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington, 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington, 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Brugulat-Serrat
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington, 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ródenas
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Ramos
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastián Morán
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Escola de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargalló
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre Mèdic Diagnòstic Alomar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington, 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington, 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Walker KA, Power MC, Gottesman RF. Defining the Relationship Between Hypertension, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: a Review. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:24. [PMID: 28299725 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent condition which has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Although the understanding of the relationship between cardiocirculatory dysfunction and brain health has improved significantly over the last several decades, it is still unclear whether hypertension constitutes a potentially treatable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. While it is clear that hypertension can affect brain structure and function, recent findings suggest that the associations between blood pressure and brain health are complex and, in many cases, dependent on factors such as age, hypertension chronicity, and antihypertensive medication use. Whereas large epidemiological studies have demonstrated a consistent association between high midlife BP and late-life cognitive decline and incident dementia, associations between late-life blood pressure and cognition have been less consistent. Recent evidence suggests that hypertension may promote alterations in brain structure and function through a process of cerebral vessel remodeling, which can lead to disruptions in cerebral autoregulation, reductions in cerebral perfusion, and limit the brain's ability to clear potentially harmful proteins such as β-amyloid. The purpose of the current review is to synthesize recent findings from epidemiological, neuroimaging, physiological, genetic, and translational research to provide an overview of what is currently known about the association between blood pressure and cognitive function across the lifespan. In doing so, the current review also discusses the results of recent randomized controlled trials of antihypertensive therapy to reduce cognitive decline, highlights several methodological limitations, and provides recommendations for future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan A Walker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Phipps 446D 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Phipps 446D 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Power MC, Tingle JV, Reid RI, Huang J, Sharrett AR, Coresh J, Griswold M, Kantarci K, Jack CR, Knopman D, Gottesman RF, Mosley TH. Midlife and Late-Life Vascular Risk Factors and White Matter Microstructural Integrity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005608. [PMID: 28522676 PMCID: PMC5524102 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Diffusion tensor imaging measures of white matter (WM) microstructural integrity appear to provide earlier indication of WM injury than WM hyperintensities; however, risk factors for poor WM microstructural integrity have not been established. Our study quantifies the association between vascular risk factors in midlife and late life with measures of late‐life WM microstructural integrity. Methods and Results We used data from 1851 participants in ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study) who completed 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging, including diffusion tensor imaging, as part of the ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC‐NCS). We quantified the association among lipids, glucose, and blood pressure from the baseline ARIC visit (1987–1989, ages 44–65, midlife) and visit 5 of ARIC (2011–2013, ages 67–90, late life, concurrent with ARIC‐NCS) with regional and overall WM mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy obtained at ARIC visit 5 for ARIC participants. We also considered whether these associations were independent of or modified by WM hyperintensity volumes. We found that elevated blood pressure in midlife and late life and elevated glucose in midlife, but not late life, were associated with worse late‐life WM microstructural integrity. These associations were independent of the degree of WM hyperintensity, and the association between glucose and WM microstructural integrity appeared stronger for those with the least WM hyperintensity. There was little support for an adverse association between lipids and WM microstructural integrity. Conclusions Hypertension in both midlife and late life and elevated glucose in midlife are related to worse WM microstructural integrity in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | - Jonathan V Tingle
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Juebin Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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19
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Jolly TA, Cooper PS, Rennie JL, Levi CR, Lenroot R, Parsons MW, Michie PT, Karayanidis F. Age-related decline in task switching is linked to both global and tract-specific changes in white matter microstructure. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:1588-1603. [PMID: 27879030 PMCID: PMC6866847 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Task-switching performance relies on a broadly distributed frontoparietal network and declines in older adults. In this study, they investigated whether this age-related decline in task switching performance was mediated by variability in global or regional white matter microstructural health. Seventy cognitively intact adults (43-87 years) completed a cued-trials task switching paradigm. Microstructural white matter measures were derived using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analyses on the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. Task switching performance decreased with increasing age and radial diffusivity (RaD), a measure of white matter microstructure that is sensitive to myelin structure. RaD mediated the relationship between age and task switching performance. However, the relationship between RaD and task switching performance remained significant when controlling for age and was stronger in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Variability in error and RT mixing cost were associated with RaD in global white matter and in frontoparietal white matter tracts, respectively. These findings suggest that age-related increase in mixing cost may result from both global and tract-specific disruption of cerebral white matter linked to the increased incidence of cardiovascular risks in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1588-1603, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A.D. Jolly
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Patrick S. Cooper
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Jaime L. Rennie
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Christopher R. Levi
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
| | - Rhoshel Lenroot
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Mark W. Parsons
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Frini Karayanidis
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
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20
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Siepmann T, Boardman H, Bilderbeck A, Griffanti L, Kenworthy Y, Zwager C, McKean D, Francis J, Neubauer S, Yu GZ, Lewandowski AJ, Sverrisdottir YB, Leeson P. Long-term cerebral white and gray matter changes after preeclampsia. Neurology 2017; 88:1256-1264. [PMID: 28235810 PMCID: PMC5373775 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether changes in cerebral structure are present after preeclampsia that may explain increased cerebrovascular risk in these women. Methods: We conducted a case control study in women between 5 and 15 years after either a preeclamptic or normotensive pregnancy. Brain MRI was performed. Analysis of white matter structure was undertaken using voxel-based segmentation of fluid-attenuation inversion recovery sequences to assess white matter lesion volume and diffusion tensor imaging to measure microstructural integrity. Voxel-based analysis of gray matter volumes was performed with adjustment for skull size. Results: Thirty-four previously preeclamptic women (aged 42.8 ± 5.1 years) and 49 controls were included. Previously preeclamptic women had reduced cortical gray matter volume (523.2 ± 30.1 vs 544.4 ± 44.7 mL, p < 0.05) and, although both groups displayed white matter lesions, changes were more extensive in previously preeclamptic women. They displayed increased temporal lobe white matter disease (lesion volume: 23.2 ± 24.9 vs 10.9 ± 15.0 μL, p < 0.05) and altered microstructural integrity (radial diffusivity: 538 ± 19 vs 526 ± 18 × 10−6 mm2/s, p < 0.01), which also extended to occipital and parietal lobes. The degree of temporal lobe white matter change in previously preeclamptic women was independent of their current cardiovascular risk profile (p < 0.05) and increased with time from index pregnancy (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A history of preeclampsia is associated with temporal lobe white matter changes and reduced cortical volume in young women, which is out of proportion to their classic cardiovascular risk profile. The severity of changes is proportional to time since pregnancy, which would be consistent with continued accumulation of damage after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Siepmann
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henry Boardman
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amy Bilderbeck
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ludovica Griffanti
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kenworthy
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Charlotte Zwager
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David McKean
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jane Francis
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Grace Z Yu
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yrsa Bergmann Sverrisdottir
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Leeson
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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21
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Arshad M, Stanley JA, Raz N. Adult age differences in subcortical myelin content are consistent with protracted myelination and unrelated to diffusion tensor imaging indices. Neuroimage 2016; 143:26-39. [PMID: 27561713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Post mortem studies suggest protracted myelination of subcortical white matter into the middle age followed by gradual decline in the late adulthood. To date, however, establishing the proposed inverted-U pattern of age-myelin association proved difficult, as the most common method of investigating white matter, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), usually reveals only linear associations between DTI indices and age among healthy adults. Here we use a novel method of estimating Myelin Water Fraction (MWF) based on modeling the short spin-spin (T2) relaxation component from multi-echo T2 relaxation imaging data and assess subcortical myelin content within six white matter tracts in a sample of healthy adults (N=61, age 18-84 years). Myelin content evidenced a quadratic relationship with age, in accord with the pattern observed postmortem studies. In contrast, DTI-derived indices that are frequently cited as proxies for myelination, fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), exhibited linear or null relationships with age. Furthermore, the magnitude of age differences in MWF varied across the white matter tracts. Myelin content estimated by MWF was unrelated to FA and correlated with RD only in the splenium. These findings are consistent with the notion that myelination continues throughout the young adulthood into the middle age. The results demonstrate that single-tensor DTI cannot serve as a source of specific proxies for myelination of white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Arshad
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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22
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de Lange AMG, Bråthen ACS, Grydeland H, Sexton C, Johansen-Berg H, Andersson JLR, Rohani DA, Nyberg L, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB. White matter integrity as a marker for cognitive plasticity in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 47:74-82. [PMID: 27565301 PMCID: PMC5404118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related differences in white matter (WM) integrity are substantial, but it is unknown whether between-subject variability in WM integrity influences the capacity for cognitive improvement. We investigated the effects of memory training related to active and passive control conditions in older adults and tested whether WM integrity at baseline was predictive of training benefits. We hypothesized that (1) memory improvement would be restricted to the training group, (2) widespread areas would show greater mean diffusivity (MD) and lower fractional anisotropy in older adults relative to young adults, and (3) within these areas, variability in WM microstructure in the older group would be predictive of training gains. The results showed that only the group receiving training improved their memory. Significant age differences in MD and fractional anisotropy were found in widespread areas. Within these areas, voxelwise analyses showed a negative relationship between MD and memory improvement in 3 clusters, indicating that WM integrity could serve as a marker for the ability to adapt in response to cognitive challenges in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Glasø de Lange
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Cecilie Sjøli Bråthen
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Grydeland
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Sexton
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB Centre), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB Centre), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jesper L R Andersson
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB Centre), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Darius A Rohani
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Neuropsychology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Neuropsychology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Sala M, van den Berg-Huysmans A, van der Grond J, Huisman M, Brandts A, Westenberg JJ, de Roos A. Aortic Arch Stiffness Is Associated With Incipient Brain Injury in Patients With Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:705-12. [PMID: 26404903 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that microstructural brain tissue damage can be detected in hypertension patients, while the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We aim to explore the association between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of brain injury and aortic arch pulse wave velocity (PWV) in hypertensive patients without clinically manifest cerebrovascular disease. METHODS Sixty-six hypertension patients (30 men, mean age 46±14 years) were prospectively included. Aortic arch PWV was assessed using velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (VE-MRI). Brain tissue integrity was assessed by using DTI. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between aortic arch PWV and fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AxD), and radial diffusivity (RD). RESULTS Increased aortic arch PWV was associated with decreased white matter FA (β = -0.30, P = 0.018), increased gray matter AxD (β = 0.28, P = 0.016), and increased gray and white matter RD (β = 0.30, P = 0.008 and β = 0.35, P = 0.003, respectively). These effects were independent of age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. CONCLUSIONS Aortic arch stiffness relates to incipient brain injury before overt brain abnormalities may become apparent in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Sala
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Brandts
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos J Westenberg
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert de Roos
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Klaassen EB, Plukaard S, Evers EAT, de Groot RHM, Backes WH, Veltman DJ, Jolles J. Young and Middle-Aged Schoolteachers Differ in the Neural Correlates of Memory Encoding and Cognitive Fatigue: A Functional MRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:148. [PMID: 27092068 PMCID: PMC4823302 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation was inspired by growing evidence that middle-aged persons in a cognitively demanding profession might be characterized by subtle cognitive fatigue. We studied young and middle-aged male schoolteachers. They were compared in a study with functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate differences during successful memory encoding. The schoolteachers were additionally subjected to an induced fatigue condition involving the sustained performance of cognitively demanding tasks and to a control condition. Results showed age-related brain activation differences underlying behavioral performance including: (1) greater activation in middle-aged vs. young teachers in bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) areas; and (2) differential fatigue effects in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) depending on age group. Middle-aged schoolteachers showed decreased ACC activation in the fatigue compared to the control condition, whereas no change in activation was found in young teachers. Findings demonstrate age effects in these middle-aged subjects that are typically found in older adults, specifically in PFC over-activation. Findings also indicate that already in middle age cognitive aging may be associated with greater resource depletion following sustained task performance. The findings underscore the notion that persons in a cognitively demanding profession can experience subtle age effects, which are evident on fMRI and which impact daily functioning. Possible practical implications for middle-aged schoolteachers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa B Klaassen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Plukaard
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A T Evers
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands; Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies (CELSTEC), Open UniversityHeerlen, Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Jolles
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Fletcher E, Villeneuve S, Maillard P, Harvey D, Reed B, Jagust W, DeCarli C. β-amyloid, hippocampal atrophy and their relation to longitudinal brain change in cognitively normal individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 40:173-180. [PMID: 26973117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature has examined baseline hippocampal volume and extent of brain amyloidosis to test potential synergistic effects on worsening cognition and extent of brain atrophy. Use of hippocampal volume in prior studies was based on the notion that limbic circuit degeneration is an early manifestation of the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathophysiology. To clarify these interactions early in the AD process, we tested the effects of amyloid and baseline normalized hippocampal volume on longitudinal brain atrophy rates in a group of cognitively normal individuals. Results showed that the combination of elevated β-amyloid and baseline hippocampal atrophy is associated with increased rates specific to the limbic circuit and splenium. Importantly, this atrophy pattern emerged from a voxelwise analysis, corroborated by regression models over region of interests in native space. The results are broadly consistent with previous studies of the effects of amyloid and baseline hippocampal atrophy in normals, while pointing to accelerated atrophy of AD-vulnerable regions detectable at the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Reed
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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26
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Bender AR, Völkle MC, Raz N. Differential aging of cerebral white matter in middle-aged and older adults: A seven-year follow-up. Neuroimage 2016; 125:74-83. [PMID: 26481675 PMCID: PMC4691398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The few extant reports of longitudinal white matter (WM) changes in healthy aging, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), reveal substantial differences in change across brain regions and DTI indices. According to the "last-in-first-out" hypothesis of brain aging late-developing WM tracts may be particularly vulnerable to advanced age. To test this hypothesis we compared age-related changes in association, commissural and projection WM fiber regions using a skeletonized, region of interest DTI approach. Using linear mixed effect models, we evaluated the influences of age and vascular risk at baseline on seven-year changes in three indices of WM integrity and organization (axial diffusivity, AD, radial diffusivity, RD, and fractional anisotropy, FA) in healthy middle-aged and older adults (mean age=65.4, SD=9.0years). Association fibers showed the most pronounced declines over time. Advanced age was associated with greater longitudinal changes in RD and FA, independent of fiber type. Furthermore, older age was associated with longitudinal RD increases in late-developing, but not early-developing projection fibers. These findings demonstrate the increased vulnerability of later developing WM regions and support the "last-in-first-out" hypothesis of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Bender
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany.
| | - Manuel C Völkle
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany
| | - Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology & Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, USA
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27
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Accelerated DNA methylation age: Associations with PTSD and neural integrity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:155-62. [PMID: 26447678 PMCID: PMC4695261 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may accelerate cellular aging and lead to premature morbidity and neurocognitive decline. METHODS This study evaluated associations between PTSD and DNA methylation (DNAm) age using recently developed algorithms of cellular age by Horvath (2013) and Hannum et al. (2013). These estimates reflect accelerated aging when they exceed chronological age. We also examined if accelerated cellular age manifested in degraded neural integrity, indexed via diffusion tensor imaging. RESULTS Among 281 male and female veterans of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, DNAm age was strongly related to chronological age (rs ∼.88). Lifetime PTSD severity was associated with Hannum DNAm age estimates residualized for chronological age (β=.13, p=.032). Advanced DNAm age was associated with reduced integrity in the genu of the corpus callosum (β=-.17, p=.009) and indirectly linked to poorer working memory performance via this region (indirect β=-.05, p=.029). Horvath DNAm age estimates were not associated with PTSD or neural integrity. CONCLUSIONS Results provide novel support for PTSD-related accelerated aging in DNAm and extend the evidence base of known DNAm age correlates to the domains of neural integrity and cognition.
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28
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Nguyen LA, Haws KA, Fitzhugh MC, Torre GA, Hishaw GA, Alexander GE. Interactive effects of subjective memory complaints and hypertension on learning and memory performance in the elderly. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2015; 23:154-70. [PMID: 26185923 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2015.1063580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether the relation between subjective memory complaints and cognitive performance is influenced by the presence of hypertension in the elderly. One hundred and five healthy older adults, 70-89 years of age, with and without hypertension treatment or diagnosis, completed a scale of subjective memory complaints. Participants were divided into those with mild memory concerns and those with minimal or no complaints. All participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests including measures of verbal and nonverbal memory. After controlling for differences in age, gender, education, and overall intellectual ability, there were significant main effects for memory concerns and significant interactions for memory complaints and hypertension on several measures of memory performance. There were no main effects for hypertension on memory performance. Simple effects analyses of the interactions showed that the hypertensive complainers demonstrated poorer performance on measures of long-term memory and greater reliance on short-term recall than the hypertensive non-complainers. There were no differences in memory performance for the non-hypertensive groups. Among healthy elderly community-dwelling adults, those with mild subjective memory complaints in the context of hypertension demonstrated greater objective cognitive difficulties than those without hypertension as well as a greater reliance on a less efficient learning strategy. These findings suggest that memory concerns in the presence of hypertension may be important when evaluating treatment efficacy in these individuals and for identifying differences in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Nguyen
- a Department of Psychology , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,b Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,c Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Kari A Haws
- a Department of Psychology , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,b Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,c Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Megan C Fitzhugh
- a Department of Psychology , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,b Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,c Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Gabrielle A Torre
- a Department of Psychology , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,c Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- d Department of Neurology , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- a Department of Psychology , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,b Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,c Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium , Phoenix , Arizona , USA.,e Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.,f Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA
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29
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Alosco ML, Spitznagel MB, Gunstad J. Obesity as a risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcomes in older adults with heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 19:403-11. [PMID: 23743688 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has reached epidemic proportions and is a significant contributor to poor outcomes. HF is an established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and abnormalities on neuroimaging. Moreover, up to 80% of HF patients also exhibit milder impairments on cognitive tests assessing attention, executive function, memory, and language. The mechanisms of cognitive impairment in HF are not entirely clear and involve a combination of physiological processes that negatively impact the brain. Cerebral hypoperfusion and common comorbid conditions in HF are among the most commonly proposed contributors to poor neurocognitive outcomes in this population. Obesity is another likely risk factor for adverse brain changes and cognitive impairment in HF, as it is a known contributor to neurocognitive outcomes in healthy and patient samples. This paper reviews the literature on HF and cognitive function and introduces obesity as a significant risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Alosco
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, 340 Kent Hall, Kent, OH, 44224, USA,
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30
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Bender AR, Raz N. Normal-appearing cerebral white matter in healthy adults: mean change over 2 years and individual differences in change. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1834-48. [PMID: 25771392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging studies show age-related differences in cerebral white matter (WM). However, few have studied WM changes over time, and none evaluated individual differences in change across a wide age range. Here, we examined 2-year WM change in 96 healthy adults (baseline age, 19-78 years), individual differences in change, and the influence of vascular and metabolic risk thereon. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity (RD) represented microstructural properties of normal-appearing WM within 13 regions. Cross-sectional analyses revealed age-related differences in all WM indices across the regions. In contrast, latent change score analyses showed longitudinal declines in axial diffusivity in association and projection fibers and increases in anterior commissural fibers. FA and RD evidenced a less consistent pattern of change. Metabolic risk mediated the effects of age on FA and RD change in corpus callosum body and dorsal cingulum. These findings underscore the importance of longitudinal studies in evaluating individual differences in change and the role of metabolic factors in shaping trajectories of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Bender
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Wang R, Fratiglioni L, Laukka EJ, Lövdén M, Kalpouzos G, Keller L, Graff C, Salami A, Bäckman L, Qiu C. Effects of vascular risk factors and APOE ε4 on white matter integrity and cognitive decline. Neurology 2015; 84:1128-35. [PMID: 25672924 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of vascular risk factors and APOE status on white matter microstructure, and subsequent cognitive decline among older people. METHODS This study included 241 participants (age 60 years and older) from the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen in central Stockholm, Sweden, who were free of dementia and stroke at baseline (2001-2004). We collected data through interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) on diffusion tensor imaging, and estimated volume of white matter hyperintensities using automatic segmentation. We assessed global cognitive function with the Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline and at 3- and/or 6-year follow-up. We analyzed the data using multivariate linear regression and linear mixed models. RESULTS Heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes were significantly associated with lower FA or higher MD (p < 0.05). When aggregating heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes together with current smoking, having an increasing number of these 4 factors concurrently was associated with decreasing FA and increasing MD (ptrend < 0.01), independent of white matter hyperintensities. Vascular risk factors and APOE ε4 allele interacted to negatively affect white matter microstructure; having multiple (≥2) vascular factors was particularly detrimental to white matter integrity among APOE ε4 carriers. Lower tertile of FA and upper tertile of MD were significantly associated with faster Mini-Mental State Examination decline. CONCLUSIONS Vascular risk factors are associated with reduced white matter integrity among older adults, which subsequently predicted faster cognitive decline. The detrimental effects of vascular risk factors on white matter microstructure were exacerbated among APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Erika J Laukka
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Martin Lövdén
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Lina Keller
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Hypertension fails to disrupt white matter integrity in young or aged Fisher (F44) Cyp1a1Ren2 transgenic rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:188-92. [PMID: 25407269 PMCID: PMC4426747 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is linked with an increased risk of white matter hyperintensities; however, recent findings have questioned this association. We examined whether hypertension and additional cerebrovascular risk factors impacted on white matter integrity in an inducible hypertensive rat. No white matter hyperintensities were observed on magnetic resonance imaging either alone or in conjunction with ageing and high-fat diet. Aged hypertensive rats that were fed a high-fat diet had moderately reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum with no overt pathological features. Herein we show that moderate hypertension alone or with additional risk factors has minimal impact on white matter integrity in this model.
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Kanchibhotla SC, Mather KA, Thalamuthu A, Zhuang L, Schofield PR, Kwok JBJ, Ames D, Wright MJ, Trollor JN, Wen W, Sachdev PS. Genetics of microstructure of the corpus callosum in older adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113181. [PMID: 25514436 PMCID: PMC4267776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study sought to examine the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on corpus callosum (CC) microstructure in a community sample of older adult twins. Analyses were undertaken in 284 healthy older twins (66% female; 79 MZ and 63 DZ pairs) from the Older Australian Twins Study. The average age of the sample was 69.82 (SD = 4.76) years. Brain imaging scans were collected and DTI measures were estimated for the whole CC as well as its five subregions. Parcellation of the CC was performed using Analyze. In addition, white matter lesion (WMLs) burden was estimated. Heritability and genetic correlation analyses were undertaken using the SOLAR software package. Age, sex, scanner, handedness and blood pressure were considered as covariates. Heritability (h2) analysis for the DTI metrics of whole CC, indicated significant h2 for fractional anisotropy (FA) (h2 = 0.56; p = 2.89×10−10), mean diffusivity (MD) (h2 = 0.52; p = 0.30×10−6), radial diffusivity (RD) (h2 = 0.49; p = 0.2×10−6) and axial diffusivity (AD) (h2 = 0.37; p = 8.15×10−5). We also performed bivariate genetic correlation analyses between (i) whole CC DTI measures and (ii) whole CC DTI measures with total brain WML burden. Across the DTI measures for the whole CC, MD and RD shared 84% of the common genetic variance, followed by MD- AD (77%), FA - RD (52%), RD - AD (37%) and FA – MD (11%). For total WMLs, significant genetic correlations indicated that there was 19% shared common genetic variance with whole CC MD, followed by CC RD (17%), CC AD (16%) and CC FA (5%). Our findings suggest that the CC microstructure is under moderate genetic control. There was also evidence of shared genetic factors between the CC DTI measures. In contrast, there was less shared genetic variance between WMLs and the CC DTI metrics, suggesting fewer common genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri C. Kanchibhotla
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lin Zhuang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John B. J. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- Queensland Institute Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Lövdén M, Köhncke Y, Laukka EJ, Kalpouzos G, Salami A, Li TQ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Changes in perceptual speed and white matter microstructure in the corticospinal tract are associated in very old age. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:520-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Aortic stiffness is associated with white matter integrity in patients with type 1 diabetes. Eur Radiol 2014; 24:2031-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dacosta-Aguayo R, Graña M, Fernández-Andújar M, López-Cancio E, Cáceres C, Bargalló N, Barrios M, Clemente I, Monserrat PT, Sas MA, Dávalos A, Auer T, Mataró M. Structural integrity of the contralesional hemisphere predicts cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke at three months. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86119. [PMID: 24475078 PMCID: PMC3901679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After stroke, white matter integrity can be affected both locally and distally to the primary lesion location. It has been shown that tract disruption in mirror's regions of the contralateral hemisphere is associated with degree of functional impairment. Fourteen patients suffering right hemispheric focal stroke (S) and eighteen healthy controls (HC) underwent Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and neuropsychological assessment. The stroke patient group was divided into poor (SP; n = 8) and good (SG; n = 6) cognitive recovery groups according to their cognitive improvement from the acute phase (72 hours after stroke) to the subacute phase (3 months post-stroke). Whole-brain DWI data analysis was performed by computing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) followed by Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Assessment of effects was obtained computing the correlation of the projections on TBSS skeleton of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Radial Diffusivity (RD) with cognitive test results. Significant decrease of FA was found only in right brain anatomical areas for the S group when compared to the HC group. Analyzed separately, stroke patients with poor cognitive recovery showed additional significant FA decrease in several left hemisphere regions; whereas SG patients showed significant decrease only in the left genu of corpus callosum when compared to the HC. For the SG group, whole brain analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the Semantic Fluency test and the FA in the right hemisphere as well as between the performance in the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and the Trail Making Test-part A and the FA in the left hemisphere. For the SP group, correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the GPT and the FA in the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo
- Group of Computational Intelligence, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Graña
- Group of Computational Intelligence, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marina Fernández-Andújar
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (IR3C), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena López-Cancio
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Cáceres
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Diagnostic Center for Image, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Imatge Platform of IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Barrios
- Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Clemente
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (IR3C), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Toran Monserrat
- Primary Healthcare Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària (−IDIAP) Jordi Gol, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maite Alzamora Sas
- Primary Healthcare Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària (−IDIAP) Jordi Gol, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Antoni Dávalos
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tibor Auer
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, England
| | - Maria Mataró
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (IR3C), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Kirchhoff BA, Gordon BA, Head D. Prefrontal gray matter volume mediates age effects on memory strategies. Neuroimage 2013; 90:326-34. [PMID: 24389014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age differences in the strategies that individuals spontaneously use to learn new information have been shown to contribute to age differences in episodic memory. We investigated the role of prefrontal structure in observed age effects on self-initiated use of memory strategies. The relationships among age, prefrontal regional gray matter volumes, and semantic and serial clustering during free recall on the California Verbal Learning Test-II were examined across the adult lifespan. Semantic clustering was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with gray matter volumes in bilateral middle and left inferior frontal regions across the adult lifespan. Gray matter volumes in these regions mediated the effects of age on semantic clustering. Forward serial clustering was also negatively correlated with age. However, forward serial clustering was not significantly positively correlated with gray matter volumes in any region of lateral prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that bilateral middle and left inferior frontal regions support self-initiated semantic memory strategy use across the adult lifespan. They also suggest that age differences in prefrontal gray matter volume are a significant contributor to age differences in self-initiated use of elaborative memory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Kirchhoff
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
| | - B A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - D Head
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Aine CJ, Sanfratello L, Adair JC, Knoefel JE, Qualls C, Lundy SL, Caprihan A, Stone D, Stephen JM. Characterization of a normal control group: are they healthy? Neuroimage 2013; 84:796-809. [PMID: 24060318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the health of a control group (18-81years) in our aging study, which is similar to control groups used in other neuroimaging studies. The current study was motivated by our previous results showing that one third of the elder control group had moderate to severe white matter hyperintensities and/or cortical volume loss which correlated with poor performance on memory tasks. Therefore, we predicted that cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, high cholesterol) within the control group would account for significant variance on working memory task performance. Fifty-five participants completed 4 verbal and spatial working memory tasks, neuropsychological exams, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and blood tests to assess vascular risk. In addition to using a repeated measures ANOVA design, a cluster analysis was applied to the vascular risk measures as a data reduction step to characterize relationships between conjoint risk factors. The cluster groupings were used to predict working memory performance. The results show that higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with: 1) poor spatial working memory accuracy; and 2) lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in multiple brain regions. In contrast, higher levels of total cholesterol corresponded with increased accuracy in verbal working memory. An association between lower FA values and higher cholesterol levels were identified in different brain regions from those associated with systolic blood pressure. The conjoint risk analysis revealed that Risk Cluster Group 3 (the group with the greatest number of risk factors) displayed: 1) the poorest performance on the spatial working memory tasks; 2) the longest reaction times across both spatial and verbal memory tasks; and 3) the lowest FA values across widespread brain regions. Our results confirm that a considerable range of vascular risk factors are present in a typical control group, even in younger individuals, which have robust effects on brain anatomy and function. These results present a new challenge to neuroimaging studies both for defining a cohort from which to characterize 'normative' brain circuitry and for establishing a control group to compare with other clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Aine
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Cerebral white matter and retinal arterial health in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Hypertens 2013; 2013:329602. [PMID: 23984047 PMCID: PMC3745833 DOI: 10.1155/2013/329602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined 33 hypertensive (22 with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) and 29 normotensive (8 with T2DM) middle-aged and elderly adults, comparable in age and education. Relative to normotensive participants, those with hypertension, in addition to a higher prevalence of periventricular white matter (WM) lesions, had significantly lower WM microstructural integrity of major fiber tracts as seen with MRI-based diffusion tensor imaging. Among participants with hypertension, those with co-morbid T2DM (n = 22) had more widespread WM pathology than those without T2DM (n = 11). Furthermore and consistent with previous research, both hypertension and T2DM were related to decreased retinal arterial diameter. Further exploratory analysis demonstrated that the observed retinal arteriolar narrowing among individual with hypertension was associated with widespread subclinical losses in WM microstructural integrity and these associations were present predominantly in the frontal lobe. We found that T2DM adds to the damaging effects of hypertension on cerebral WM, and notably these effects were independent of age and body mass index. Given that the decrease in retinal arteriolar diameter may be a biomarker for parallel pathology in cerebral arterioles, our data suggest that the frontal lobe may be particularly vulnerable to microvascular damage in the presence of hypertension and T2DM.
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Alosco ML, Stanek KM, Galioto R, Korgaonkar MS, Grieve SM, Brickman AM, Spitznagel MB, Gunstad J. Body mass index and brain structure in healthy children and adolescents. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:49-55. [PMID: 23789910 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.817408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with cognitive dysfunction in children and adolescents, although the mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unclear. This study examined the associations between body mass index (BMI) and regional gray matter volume and white matter integrity in 120 healthy children and adolescents (6-18 years of age) who underwent magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging. Bonferroni-corrected partial correlation analyses controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics revealed significant inverse associations between demographically standardized BMI values and gray matter volume of frontal (r = -0.31) and limbic (r = -0.35) brain regions. No such pattern emerged for fractional anisotropy of white matter tracts. Subsequent hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the relationship between standardized BMI and structural gray and white matter brain indices did not vary with age. These findings suggest that obesity in children and adolescents is associated with decreased volume of frontal and limbic cerebral gray matter regions. Further research is much needed to better elucidate possible brain-based mechanisms for cognitive dysfunction associated with obesity.
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Nagy SA, Aradi M, Orsi G, Perlaki G, Kamson DO, Mike A, Komaromy H, Schwarcz A, Kovacs A, Janszky J, Pfund Z, Illes Z, Bogner P. Bi-exponential diffusion signal decay in normal appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tang CY, Narula J, Friedman JI. Novel imaging strategies for assessment of cerebrovascular involvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 79:674-82. [PMID: 23239206 DOI: 10.1002/msj.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is an important correlation between vascular risk factors and nonspecific imaging findings in the brain such as white-matter hyperintensities. These vascular risk factors are also associated with dementia and lesser forms of cognitive impairment. One hypothesis is that these vascular risk factors lead to disruption of connective networks in the central nervous system that are supported by myelinated white-matter fibers, which in turn lead to deficits in functional signaling between various brain regions. Another possibility is an alteration of the neurovascular coupling due to vascular risk factors. This reduced functional signaling contributes to the cognitive deficits in persons harboring these vascular risk factors. Lifestyle changes may restore some of these functional deficits through brain plasticity. It is imperative that preclinical diagnostic techniques are developed to identify these early brain changes in persons harboring vascular risk factors, as such efforts may improve primary and secondary prevention efforts. Recently developed imaging techniques may provide objective imaging biomarkers to measure the structural and functional brain changes in persons with vascular risk factors and resulting subclinical atherosclerotic disease. This article reviews a few of these novel imaging techniques.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH) have frequently been associated with lower executive function performance. Little is known, however, about the effects of hippocampal atrophy on executive control in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study focused on the association of hippocampal atrophy with executive function in AD patients and examined whether a threshold effect is present, indicating that a certain amount of brain damage must be present before cognitive function becomes impaired. Finally, we examined the combined effect of hippocampal atrophy and WMH on cognitive task performance. METHODS We retrospectively collected neuropsychological and neuroimaging data of 94 AD patients. These patients completed tasks of general cognitive function, executive function, memory, and processing speed. With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hippocampal atrophy was rated as medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and cerebrovascular disease was rated as WMH using validated visual rating scales. RESULTS Medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) was associated with lower executive function, general cognitive function, and episodic memory performance. A threshold effect was present, indicating that severe to very severe, but not moderate, MTA was associated with lower executive function. WMH were significantly associated with a single executive test only, whereas the interaction between WMH and MTA was not significantly related to any of the cognitive tasks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that AD neuropathology in itself may be responsible for executive dysfunction. Potential explanations for these findings are discussed, focusing on the role of the hippocampus in executive function tests and reduced frontal-posterior connectivity in this patient sample.
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Alves GS, Sudo FK, Alves CEDO, Ericeira-Valente L, Moreira DM, Engelhardt E, Laks J. Diffusion tensor imaging studies in vascular disease: A review of the literature. Dement Neuropsychol 2012; 6:158-163. [PMID: 29213790 PMCID: PMC5618963 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642012dn06030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is often present in old age and may be associated
with microstructural pathology of white matter (WM) and cognitive dysfunction.
The current review investigated the relationship between CVD, cognitive status
and WM integrity as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Kenji Sudo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Madeira Moreira
- Institute of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Radiology Service of the Procardíaco Hospital, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliasz Engelhardt
- Institute of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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Honningsvåg LM, Linde M, Håberg A, Stovner LJ, Hagen K. Does health differ between participants and non-participants in the MRI-HUNT study, a population based neuroimaging study? The Nord-Trøndelag health studies 1984-2009. BMC Med Imaging 2012; 12:23. [PMID: 22846223 PMCID: PMC3472234 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bias with regard to participation in epidemiological studies can have a large impact on the generalizability of results. Our aim was to investigate the direction and magnitude of potential bias by comparing health-related factors among participants and non-participants in a MRI-study based on HUNT, a large Norwegian health survey. METHODS Of 14,033 individuals aged 50-65, who had participated in all three large public health surveys within the Norwegian county of Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT 1, 2 and 3), 1,560 who lived within 45 minutes of travel from the city of Levanger were invited to a MRI study (MRI-HUNT). The sample of participants in MRI-HUNT (n = 1,006) were compared with those who were invited but did not participate (n = 554) and with those who were eligible but not invited (n = 12,473), using univariate analyses and logistic regression analyses adjusting for age and education level. RESULTS Self-reported health did not differ between the three groups, but participants had a higher education level and were somewhat younger than the two other groups. In the adjusted multivariate analyses, obesity was consistently less prevalent among participants. Significant differences in blood pressure and cholesterol were also found. CONCLUSION This is the first large population-based study comparing participants and non-participants in an MRI study with regard to general health. The groups were not widely different, but participants had a higher level of education, and were less likely to be obese and have hypertension, and were slightly younger than non-participants. The observed differences between participants and non-invited individuals are probably partly explained by the inclusion criterion that participants had to live within 45 minutes of transport to where the MRI examination took place. One will expect that the participants have somewhat less brain morphological changes related to cardiovascular risk factors than the general population. Such consequences underline the crucial importance of evaluation of non-participants in MRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse-Marius Honningsvåg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
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Jacobs HIL, van Boxtel MPJ, Gronenschild EHBM, Uylings HBM, Jolles J, Verhey FRJ. Decreased gray matter diffusivity: a potential early Alzheimer's disease biomarker? Alzheimers Dement 2012; 9:93-7. [PMID: 22651939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray matter atrophy, an important biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease, might be due to white matter changes within gray matter. METHODS Twenty older participants with significant memory decline over a 12-year period (T12) were matched to 20 nondeclining participants. All participants were magnetic resonance imaging scanned at T12. Cortical thickness and diffusion tensor imaging analyses were performed. RESULTS Lower cortical thickness values were associated with lower diffusion values in frontal and parietal gray matter areas. This association was only present in the memory decline group. The cortical thickness-diffusion tensor imaging correlations showed significant group differences in the posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and superior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Decreased gray matter diffusivity in the posterior cingulate/precuneus area might be a disease-specific process and a potential new biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease. Future studies should validate its potential as a biomarker and focus on cellular changes underlying diffusivity changes in gray matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi I L Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lövdén M, Laukka EJ, Rieckmann A, Kalpouzos G, Li TQ, Jonsson T, Wahlund LO, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. The dimensionality of between-person differences in white matter microstructure in old age. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1386-98. [PMID: 22331619 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Between-person differences in white matter microstructure may partly generalize across the brain and partly play out differently for distinct tracts. We used diffusion-tensor imaging and structural equation modeling to investigate this issue in a sample of 260 adults aged 60-87 years. Mean fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of seven white matter tracts in each hemisphere were quantified. Results showed good fit of a model positing that individual differences in white matter microstructure are structured according to tracts. A general factor, although accounting for variance in the measures, did not adequately represent the individual differences. This indicates the presence of a substantial amount of tract-specific individual differences in white matter microstructure. In addition, individual differences are to a varying degree shared between tracts, indicating that general factors also affect white matter microstructure. Age-related differences in white matter microstructure were present for all tracts. Correlations among tract factors did not generally increase as a function of age, suggesting that aging is not a process with homogenous effects on white matter microstructure across the brain. These findings highlight the need for future research to examine whether relations between white matter microstructure and diverse outcomes are specific or general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Jacobs HIL, Gronenschild EHBM, Evers EAT, Ramakers IHGB, Hofman PAM, Backes WH, Jolles J, Verhey FRJ, Van Boxtel MPJ. Visuospatial processing in early Alzheimer's disease: a multimodal neuroimaging study. Cortex 2012; 64:394-406. [PMID: 22342463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dorsal pathway dysfunctions are thought to underlie visuospatial processing problems in Alzheimer disease (AD). Prior studies reported compensatory mechanisms in the dorsal or ventral pathway in response to these functional changes. Since functional and structural connectivity are interrelated, these functional changes could be interpreted as a disconnection between both pathways. To better understand functional alterations in the dorsal pathway, we combined functional imaging with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a likely prodromal stage of AD. METHODS Eighteen older male individuals with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and 18 male cognitively healthy individuals, matched for age (range 59-75 years) and education, performed an object recognition task in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner. Neural activation was measured during recognition of non-canonically versus canonically oriented objects. Regions showing activation differences between groups were also investigated by DTI. RESULTS Recognition of non-canonical objects elicited increased frontal, temporal and parietal activation. Combining the functional MRI (fMRI) with the DTI results showed less deactivation in areas with decreased diffusion (mediolateral parietal and orbitofrontal) and increased activation in areas with increased diffusion (parietal and temporal) in aMCI patients. Finally, in aMCI patients decreased diffusion was found in the hippocampal cingulum, connecting both pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed increased activation in early AD patients in ventral and dorsal pathways. A decrease in deactivation and diffusion suggests functional reorganization, while increased activation and diffusion suggests compensatory processes. This is the first study showing structural evidence for functional reorganization, which may be related to connectivity loss in the cingulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi I L Jacobs
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Cognitive Neurology Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-3, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Ed H B M Gronenschild
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A T Evers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez H G B Ramakers
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Hofman
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Jolles
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; AZIRE Research Institute, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin P J Van Boxtel
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Jacobs HI, Van Boxtel MP, Jolles J, Verhey FR, Uylings HB. Parietal cortex matters in Alzheimer's disease: An overview of structural, functional and metabolic findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:297-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hsu JL, Chen YL, Leu JG, Jaw FS, Lee CH, Tsai YF, Hsu CY, Bai CH, Leemans A. Microstructural white matter abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Neuroimage 2012; 59:1098-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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