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Nadkarni R, Han ZY, Anderson RJ, Allphin AJ, Clark DP, Badea A, Badea CT. High-resolution hybrid micro-CT imaging pipeline for mouse brain region segmentation and volumetric morphometry. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303288. [PMID: 38781243 PMCID: PMC11115241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain region segmentation and morphometry in humanized apolipoprotein E (APOE) mouse models with a human NOS2 background (HN) contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) research by demonstrating how various risk factors affect the brain. Photon-counting detector (PCD) micro-CT provides faster scan times than MRI, with superior contrast and spatial resolution to energy-integrating detector (EID) micro-CT. This paper presents a pipeline for mouse brain imaging, segmentation, and morphometry from PCD micro-CT. METHODS We used brains of 26 mice from 3 genotypes (APOE22HN, APOE33HN, APOE44HN). The pipeline included PCD and EID micro-CT scanning, hybrid (PCD and EID) iterative reconstruction, and brain region segmentation using the Small Animal Multivariate Brain Analysis (SAMBA) tool. We applied SAMBA to transfer brain region labels from our new PCD CT atlas to individual PCD brains via diffeomorphic registration. Region-based and voxel-based analyses were used for comparisons by genotype and sex. RESULTS Together, PCD and EID scanning take ~5 hours to produce images with a voxel size of 22 μm, which is faster than MRI protocols for mouse brain morphometry with voxel size above 40 μm. Hybrid iterative reconstruction generates PCD images with minimal artifacts and higher spatial resolution and contrast than EID images. Our PCD atlas is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the prior MRI atlas and successfully transfers labels to PCD brains in SAMBA. Male and female mice had significant volume differences in 26 regions, including parts of the entorhinal cortex and cingulate cortex. APOE22HN brains were larger than APOE44HN brains in clusters from the hippocampus, a region where atrophy is associated with AD. CONCLUSIONS This work establishes a pipeline for mouse brain analysis using PCD CT, from staining to imaging and labeling brain images. Our results validate the effectiveness of the approach, setting a foundation for research on AD mouse models while reducing scanning durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Nadkarni
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Zay Yar Han
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Anderson
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Allphin
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Darin P. Clark
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Badea
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Cristian T. Badea
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Hachenberger M, Braun T, Gerner ST, Suenner L, Schänzer A, Juenemann M, Mueller C, Wietelmann A, Stolz E, Schoenburg M, Tschernatsch M, Gerriets T, Huttner HB, Yeniguen M. Aluminium Chloride instead of Ferric chloride for inducing superior sagittal sinus thrombosis to reduce ferromagnetic artifacts on MRI-imaging in experimental models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10998. [PMID: 38745068 PMCID: PMC11094183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Using ferric chloride (FeCl3) to induce experimental superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis might interfere with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assisted visualization and evaluation of the thrombus, the brain parenchyma, and the quality of the occlusion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced thrombosis of the SSS has comparable properties to those of FeCl3 without causing artifacts in MRI. SSS thrombosis was induced in 14 male Wistar rats by exposure of the SSS and subsequent topical application of a filter paper strip soaked in AlCl3 (n = 7) or FeCl3 (n = 7) over a period of 15 min. The animals with AlCl3-induced SSS thrombosis showed a constant and complete occlusion with in histological analysis large thrombi. Blood flow measurements indicated a significant reduction on the first and seventh postoperative day compared to preoperative measurements. MRI enabled visualization and subsequent evaluation of the thrombus and the surrounding parenchyma. In comparison, FeCl3-induced SSS thrombosis could not be evaluated by MRI due to artifacts caused by the paramagnetic properties and increased susceptibility of FeCl3. The occluded sinus and the surrounding area appeared hypointense. The quality of SSS occlusion by AlCl3 was comparable to that of FeCl3. AlCl3 therefore represents a significant alternative substance in experimental SSS thrombosis ideally suited for studies using MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Hachenberger
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Braun
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Lahn-Dill-Kliniken Wetzlar, 35578, Wetzlar, Germany.
| | - Stefan T Gerner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Suenner
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Juenemann
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Mueller
- Department of Radiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Erwin Stolz
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Schoenburg
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Marlene Tschernatsch
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Die Neurologen, Private Practice, Frankfurter Strasse 34, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tibo Gerriets
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Die Neurologen, Private Practice, Frankfurter Strasse 34, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hagen B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mesut Yeniguen
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- NeuroCentrum Wetzlar, Sportparkstrasse 2, 35578, Wetzlar, Germany
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3
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Hachenberger M, Yeniguen M, Suenner L, Hinchliffe D, Mueller C, Wietelmann A, Gerriets T, Tschernatsch M, Juenemann M, Gerner ST, Doeppner TR, Huttner HB, Braun T. Comparison of edoxaban and enoxaparin in a rat model of AlCl 3-induced thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3887-3892. [PMID: 37261475 PMCID: PMC10643418 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is an uncommon disease that is usually treated with anticoagulation (heparin, low-molecular heparin, or vitamin K-antagonists). We compared treatment with edoxaban, an oral factor Xa-antagonist, that has not been approved in patients with CSVT, with enoxaparin, a well-established therapy, in a rat model of CSVT. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups (10 animals each) and subjected to aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) or sham procedure. Animals with thrombosis of the SSS were treated with edoxaban, enoxaparin, or placebo. Diagnostic workup included neurological examination, MRI imaging, MR-flow measurements of the SSS, and immunohistochemical staining. Neurological examination revealed no differences between treatment groups. Seven days after initial thrombosis, flow in the SSS was lower in the active treatment group as compared to sham-operated animals (p < 0.05). Flow in the SSS in the active treatment groups (edoxaban 1 h prior to thrombosis: 0.16 cm/s ± 0.06 cm/s; edoxaban 6 h after thrombosis: 0.13 cm/s ± 0.05 cm/s; enoxaparin: 0.13 cm/s ± 0.04 cm/s; placebo: 0.07 cm/s ± 0.02 cm/s) was higher as compared to placebo (p < 0.05), but there were no differences between the active treatment groups (p > 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed no differences in the actively treated animals. Edoxaban proved to be similar to enoxaparin in a model of experimental AlCl3-induced CSVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hachenberger
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Yeniguen
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- NeuroCentrum Wetzlar, Sportparkstrasse 2, 35578, Wetzlar, Germany
| | - L Suenner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Hinchliffe
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Mueller
- Department of Radiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - A Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - T Gerriets
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- "Die Neurologen", Private Practice, Frankfurter Strasse 34, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Tschernatsch
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- "Die Neurologen", Private Practice, Frankfurter Strasse 34, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Juenemann
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - S T Gerner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - T R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Goettingen Medical School, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - H B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - T Braun
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
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Bourrienne M, Gay J, Mazighi M, Ajzenberg N. State of the art in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis animal models. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2187-2196. [PMID: 35815379 PMCID: PMC9796510 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon venous thromboembolic event accounting for less than 1% of strokes resulting in brain parenchymal injuries. Diagnosis and prognosis are still challenging due to highly variable clinical course and etiologies. Beyond thrombosis, different CVST-related parenchymal injuries may occur and include edema, ischemic strokes, and intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH; i.e., parenchymal/subdural hematomas, and subarachnoid hemorrhages), which are identified in 40%-60% of patients without clearly identified mechanisms. In this perspective, experimental animal models contribute to the understanding of initiation, propagation, and resolution of thrombosis, as well as brain-related damages. Last but not least, animal models may be useful to study new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of CVST experimental models, focusing on their strengths, limits, and contribution to the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Charlotte Bourrienne
- Université Paris Cité & Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, LVTSF‐75018 ParisFrance
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP‐HP, Hôpital BeaujonClichyFrance
| | - Juliette Gay
- Université Paris Cité & Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, LVTSF‐75018 ParisFrance
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude‐BernardParisFrance
| | - Mikaël Mazighi
- Université Paris Cité & Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, LVTSF‐75018 ParisFrance
- Département de NeurologieAP‐HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, FHU NeurovascParisFrance
| | - Nadine Ajzenberg
- Université Paris Cité & Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, LVTSF‐75018 ParisFrance
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude‐BernardParisFrance
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5
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Transection of the Superior Sagittal Sinus Enables Bilateral Access to the Rodent Midline Brain Structures. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0146-21.2021. [PMID: 34210659 PMCID: PMC8281263 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0146-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotaxic access to brain areas underneath the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is notoriously challenging. As a major drainage vessel, covering the whole extension of the sagittal fissure, the SSS impedes direct bilateral access to underlying regions for recording and stimulation probes, drug-delivery cannulas, and injection devices. We now describe a new method for transection and retraction of the SSS in rats, that allows the accurate placement of microinjection devices, or chronic electrode probes, while avoiding hemorrhage and the ensuing deleterious consequences for local structures, animal health, and behavior. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach we evaluated its consequences acutely during surgery, and thereafter during surgical survival, recovery, behavioral testing, as well as postmortem analysis of histologic impact in the related brain structures of male rats. This method provides a new approach enabling direct access for manipulation and recording of activity in brain areas previously obstructed by the SSS.
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6
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Wu Z, Xie Y, Xiong S, Li J, Sun X, Shi Q, Dan W, Jiang L. The Venous Occlusion Image Score: A Novel Quantitative Scoring Instrument for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105845. [PMID: 33964546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to test the validity of a new quantitative scoring instrument-the Venous Occlusion Image Score (VOIS), and assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of VOIS for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). METHODS The VOIS divided the major cerebral venous sinuses and internal jugular veins into nine parts of interest. CT venography and DSA source images and reconstruction were extracted from the database, then interpreted and scored independently according to VOIS by a panel of three reviewers. Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability were determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the kappa coefficient (κ). The primary outcome was the 3-month functional outcome and evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The sensitivity and specificity of VOIS for the primary outcomes were computed. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between the score on VOIS and the primary outcomes. RESULTS Fifty-six patients with CVST were included in the study. For 16 patients underwent cerebral CTV and DSA, excellent interobserver agreement was observed for DSA (ICC=0.90, 95%CI = 0.87 - 0.92, P < 0.001), and CTV (ICC = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.84 - 0.93, P < 0.001). The κ coefficient of agreement for the two radiology measures was 0.88 (95%CI = 0.79-0.92), indicating good inter-method agreement. For 56 patients followed up by CTV, baseline VOIS value correlated inversely with the severity of stroke on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (r = -0·53, P < 0·001), and modified Rankin Scale (r = -0·59, P < 0·001). Baseline CTV-VOIS value predicted functional outcome (P < 0·05). CONCLUSION VOIS may serve as a convenient and reliable method in the treatment guidance and outcome prediction of patients with CVST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P R China
| | - Yanfeng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P R China
| | - Senjie Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P R China
| | - Jie Li
- Institution of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, P R China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P R China
| | - Quanhong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P R China
| | - Wei Dan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P R China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P R China.
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Contrast enhanced X-ray computed tomography imaging of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease rat model on lab based micro CT system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5999. [PMID: 33727592 PMCID: PMC7966753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are small (~ 50 μm), highly-dense aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in brain tissue, supposed to play a key role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Plaques´ in vivo detection, spatial distribution and quantitative characterization could be an essential marker in diagnostics and evaluation of AD progress. However, current imaging methods in clinics possess substantial limits in sensitivity towards Aβ plaques to play a considerable role in AD screening. Contrast enhanced X-ray micro computed tomography (micro CT) is an emerging highly sensitive imaging technique capable of high resolution visualization of rodent brain. In this study we show the absorption based contrast enhanced X-ray micro CT imaging is viable method for detection and 3D analysis of Aβ plaques in transgenic rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease. Using iodine contrasted brain tissue isolated from the Tg-F344-AD rat model we show the micro CT imaging is capable of precise imaging of Aβ plaques, making possible to further analyze various aspects of their 3D spatial distribution and other properties.
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8
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Umetani K, Okamoto T, Saito K, Kawata Y, Niki N. 36M-pixel synchrotron radiation micro-CT for whole secondary pulmonary lobule visualization from a large human lung specimen. Eur J Radiol Open 2020; 7:100262. [PMID: 32984451 PMCID: PMC7495051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A micro-CT system was developed using a 36M-pixel digital single-lens reflex camera as a cost-effective mode for large human lung specimen imaging. Scientific grade cameras used for biomedical x-ray imaging are much more expensive than consumer-grade cameras. During the past decade, advances in image sensor technology for consumer appliances have spurred the development of biomedical x-ray imaging systems using commercial digital single-lens reflex cameras fitted with high megapixel CMOS image sensors. This micro-CT system is highly specialized for visualizing whole secondary pulmonary lobules in a large human lung specimen. The secondary pulmonary lobule, a fundamental unit of the lung structure, reproduces the lung in miniature. The lung specimen is set in an acrylic cylindrical case of 36 mm diameter and 40 mm height. A field of view (FOV) of the micro-CT is 40.6 mm wide × 15.1 mm high with 3.07 μm pixel size using offset CT scanning for enlargement of the FOV. We constructed a 13,220 × 13,220 × 4912 voxel image with 3.07 μm isotropic voxel size for three-dimensional visualization of the whole secondary pulmonary lobule. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation has proved to be a powerful high-resolution imaging tool. This micro-CT system using a single-lens reflex camera and synchrotron radiation provides practical benefits of high-resolution and wide-field performance, but at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Umetani
- Spectroscopy and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, 679-5198, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kurumi Saito
- Department of Optical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawata
- Department of Optical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noboru Niki
- Department of Optical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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9
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Li P, Xu Y, Cao Y, Wu T. 3D Digital Anatomic Angioarchitecture of the Rat Spinal Cord: A Synchrotron Radiation Micro-CT Study. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 32792915 PMCID: PMC7387706 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of 3D angioarchitecture within the intact rat spinal cord remains technically challenging due to its sophisticated anatomical properties. In this study, we aim to present a framework for ultrahigh-resolution digitalized mapping of the normal rat spinal cord angioarchitecture and to determine the physiological parameters using synchrotron radiation micro-CT (SRμCT). Male SD rats were used in this ex vivo study. After a proportional mixture of contrast agents perfusion, the intact spinal cord covered the cervical spinal from the upper of the 1st cervical vertebra to the 5th lumbar vertebra was harvested and cut into proper lengths within three distinct regions: Cervical 3–5 levels, Thoracic 10–12 levels, Lumbar 3–5 levels spinal cord and examined using SRμCT. This method enabled the replication of the complicated microvasculature network of the normal rat spinal cord at the ultrahigh-resolution level, allowing for the precise quantitative analysis of the vascular morphological difference among cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord in a 3D manner. Apart from a series of delicate 3D digital anatomical maps of the rat spinal cord angioarchitecture ranging from the cervical and thoracic to the lumbar spinal cord were presented, the 3D reconstruction data of SRμCT made the 3D printing of the spinal cord targeted selected microvasculature reality, that possibly provided deep insight into the nature and role of spinal cord intricate angioarchitecture. Our data proposed a new approach to outline systematic visual and quantitative evaluations on the 3D arrangement of the entire hierarchical microvasculature of the normal rat spinal cord at ultrahigh resolution. The technique may have great potential and become useful for future research on the poorly understood nature and function of the neurovascular interaction, particularly to investigate their pathology changes in various models of neurovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Cai Q, Luo J, Ge S, Li Y, Cui W, Wu X, Li C, Wu Y, Feng X, Guo B, Wang Y, Qin H, Qu Y, Feng D. The characteristics of brain injury following cerebral venous infarction induced by surgical interruption of the cortical bridging vein in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1739:146823. [PMID: 32272097 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral venous infarction (CVI) caused by the injury of cortical bridging veins (CBVs), is one of the most serious complications following neurosurgical craniotomy. Different from cerebral artery infarction, this CVI pathological process is more complicated, accompanied by acute venous hypertension, brain edema, cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage in the veins bridged brain area. Therefore, a reliable and stable small animal model is particularly important for the pathological study of CVI induced by surgical CBV interruption (CBVi). A mouse model established by cutting off the right CBVs from bregma to lambda with microsurgical technique is used for the assessment of the pathological process. Adult male mice underwent craniotomy after transection of the parietal skin under anesthesia. The right CBVs were exposed by removing the right skull along the right lateral edge of the sagittal sinus (forming a 4 mm × 3 mm bone window from bregma to lambda) with a drill under the operating microscope. Following the final inspection of the cerebral veins, the CBVs (30% one, 60% two, 10% none) were sacrificed using bipolar coagulation technique. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, motor function examination, brain edema assessment and brain histopathological observation after perfusion were performed at different time points (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h) in the postoperative mice. Cerebral hemisphere swelling, midline shift and subcortical petechial hemorrhage were found on histological sections 6 h after CBVs dissection. The change of ICP was consistent with cerebral edema and peaked at 12 h after surgery, as well as the disruption of the blood-brain barrier assessed by Evans Blue staining. Tissue necrosis, nerve cell loss and monocytes infiltration were also dynamically increased in the postoperative hemispheric cortex. Behavioral tests showed obvious somato- and forelimb-motor dysfunction, and severe somatosensory disorder on the operative mice at 12 h, which were substantially recovered at 48 h. Our study provided a novel mouse model of CVI caused by surgical CBVi that was close to clinical practice, and preliminarily confirmed its pathological process. This model might become an important tool to study the clinical pathology and the molecular mechanism of nerve injury following CVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jianing Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shunnan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenxing Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yilin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Anthropotomy and Histo-Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huaizhou Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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11
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Chen GC, Sun M, Yin NB. New Insights into the Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Facial Mimetic Muscles Related to the Nasolabial Fold: An Iodine Staining Technique Based on Nano-computed Tomography. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:80-86. [PMID: 31535170 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to introduce a novel approach to study the facial mimetic muscles (FMMs) in relation to the nasolabial fold (NLF) and realize the visualization of complex three-dimensional (3D) structures and spatial relationships of the FMMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) and iodine staining techniques were used to obtain the two-dimensional (2D) radiographs of the FMMs. Materialise Mimics software was then used to reconstruct the 3D model of the FMMs. RESULTS The zygomaticus major muscle (ZMM) was divided into trunk fibers and branch fibers. The trunk fibers of the ZMM were subdivided into branch fibers layer-by-layer. Adipose tissue in the cheek was not a mass of unorganized fat. It was separated and fixed by branch fibers. Moreover, the trunk fibers of the ZMM were directly connected to the levator anguli oris (LAO), not the skin. On the contrary, the ZMM was connected to the skin by its subdivided branch fibers indirectly. The muscle fibers in the modiolus were organized, rather than disorganized. In other words, the terminal of the trunk fibers of the ZMM was located in the LAO. Moreover, the terminal of the trunk fibers of the LAO was located at the terminal of the trunk fibers of the musculus depressor anguli oris at the corner of the mouth. Furthermore, the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi was not directly connected to the orbicularis oris muscle. It was connected to the combination of the LLS and the rhinaeus. CONCLUSIONS Although nano-CT has many disadvantages, it enabled the 3D anatomical study of the FMMs in relation to the NLF when combined with iodine staining. We imported the 2D images obtained by nano-CT scanning into the Mimics software, successfully reconstructed the FMMs, and finally obtained images of complex 3D structures of the FMMs. The shapes, positions, and 3D spatial relationships of the FMMs were clearly visualized. The novel insights into the 3D anatomy of the FMMs may help understand the formation of the NLF. Finally, the results of this study may help improve the rejuvenation surgery of the NLF soon. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo C Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ba-da-chu, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Ning B Yin
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ba-da-chu, Beijing, 100144, China.
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12
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Wang W, Mu S, Xu W, Liang S, Lin R, Li Z, Liu Q, Yi G, Xue L, Wang S. Establishment of a Rat Model of Superior Sagittal-Sinus Occlusion and Recanalization via a Thread-Embolism Method. Neuroscience 2019; 416:41-49. [PMID: 31377451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There are many uncontrollable factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). In order to further explore the pathophysiology and morphology of CVST, it is necessary to establish a highly compatible CVST animal model that can standardize the site and stage of venous thrombosis. The present study employed the insertion of a self-made thread embolism into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) to establish a rat model of SSS occlusion that emulates CVST. The thread embolism was removed after 6 h of SSS occlusion in order to achieve recanalization. After successful preparation of the model, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) status and ultrastructural changes of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were monitored. This CVST model was able to achieve continuously high occlusion of SSS. The parasagittal venous-collateral circulation underwent extensive compensation and recombination, which alleviated blood flow stasis and brain tissue hypoxia caused by restricted reflux. Removing SSS occlusion significantly improved cerebral circulation, reduced brain edema, and accelerated the receding of brain edema. This study established a new model of acute occlusion and recanalization of SSS in rats via a thread-embolism method, which standardized the ischemic site and stage of venous thrombosis. In addition, our study suggests that promoting collateral circulation may be a potential treatment for promoting brain protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Shuwen Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University(900 Hospital), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Weiming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Hospital of Changle, Fuzhou 350200, PR China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Ruhui Lin
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Pathology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Gaocheng Yi
- Department of Pathology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Shousen Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, PR China.
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13
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Cao Y, Zhang M, Ding H, Chen Z, Tang B, Wu T, Xiao B, Duan C, Ni S, Jiang L, Luo Z, Li C, Zhao J, Liao S, Yin X, Fu Y, Xiao T, Lu H, Hu J. Synchrotron radiation micro-tomography for high-resolution neurovascular network morphology investigation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:607-618. [PMID: 31074423 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in using high-resolution micro-tomography to investigate the morphology of neurovascular networks in the central nervous system, which remain difficult to characterize due to their microscopic size as well as their delicate and complex 3D structure. Synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging, which has emerged as a cutting-edge imaging technology with a high spatial resolution, provides a novel platform for the non-destructive imaging of microvasculature networks at a sub-micrometre scale. When coupled with computed tomography, this technique allows the characterization of the 3D morphology of vasculature. The current review focuses on recent progress in developing synchrotron radiation methodology and its application in probing neurovascular networks, especially the pathological changes associated with vascular abnormalities in various model systems. Furthermore, this tool represents a powerful imaging modality that improves our understanding of the complex biological interactions between vascular function and neuronal activity in both physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Liao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Fu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility/Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 21204, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiqiao Xiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility/Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 21204, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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14
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Rashad S, Niizuma K, Sato-Maeda M, Fujimura M, Mansour A, Endo H, Ikawa S, Tominaga T. Early BBB breakdown and subacute inflammasome activation and pyroptosis as a result of cerebral venous thrombosis. Brain Res 2018; 1699:54-68. [PMID: 29981290 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare form of cerebral stroke that causes a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild headache to severe morbidity or death in the more severe forms. The use of anti-coagulant or thrombolytic agents is the classical treatment for CVT. However, the development of new therapies for the treatment of the condition has not been the focus. In this study, we aimed to analyze the pathophysiology of CVT and to identify the pathways associated with its pathology. Moreover, mechanisms that are potential drug targets were identified. Our data showed the intense activation of immune cells, particularly the microglia, along with the increase in macrophage activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation that is indicated by NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 gene and caspase-1 upregulation and cleavage as well as pyroptotic cell death. Leukocytes were observed in the brain parenchyma, indicating a role in CVT-induced inflammation. In addition, astrocytes were activated, and they induced glial scar leading to parenchymal contraction during the subacute stage and tissue loss. MMP9 was responsible primarily for the BBB breakdown after CVT and it is mainly produced by pericytes. MMP9 activation was observed before inflammatory changes, indicating that BBB breakdown is the initial driver of the pathology of CVT. These results show an inflammation driven pathophysiology of CVT that follows MMP9-mediated BBB breakdown, and identified several targets that can be targeted by pharmaceutical agents to improve the neuroinflammation that follows CVT, such as MMP9, NLRP3, and IL-1β. Some of these pharmaceutical agents are already in clinical practice or under clinical trials indicating a good potential for translating this work into patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Rashad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mika Sato-Maeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ahmed Mansour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikawa
- Department of Project Programs, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Khimchenko A, Bikis C, Pacureanu A, Hieber SE, Thalmann P, Deyhle H, Schweighauser G, Hench J, Frank S, Müller‐Gerbl M, Schulz G, Cloetens P, Müller B. Hard X-Ray Nanoholotomography: Large-Scale, Label-Free, 3D Neuroimaging beyond Optical Limit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700694. [PMID: 29938163 PMCID: PMC6010902 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There have been great efforts on the nanoscale 3D probing of brain tissues to image subcellular morphologies. However, limitations in terms of tissue coverage, anisotropic resolution, stain dependence, and complex sample preparation all hinder achieving a better understanding of the human brain functioning in the subcellular context. Herein, X-ray nanoholotomography is introduced as an emerging synchrotron radiation-based technology for large-scale, label-free, direct imaging with isotropic voxel sizes down to 25 nm, exhibiting a spatial resolution down to 88 nm. The procedure is nondestructive as it does not require physical slicing. Hence, it allows subsequent imaging by complementary techniques, including histology. The feasibility of this 3D imaging approach is demonstrated on human cerebellum and neocortex specimens derived from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. The obtained results are compared to hematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections and showcase the ability for rapid hierarchical neuroimaging and automatic rebuilding of the neuronal architecture at the level of a single cell nucleolus. The findings indicate that nanoholotomography can complement microscopy not only by large isotropic volumetric data but also by morphological details on the sub-100 nm level, addressing many of the present challenges in brain tissue characterization and probably becoming an important tool in nanoanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Khimchenko
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- ID16A‐NI Nano‐Imaging BeamlineEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)38043GrenobleFrance
| | - Simone E. Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Peter Thalmann
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Hans Deyhle
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Gabriel Schweighauser
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Magdalena Müller‐Gerbl
- Musculoskeletal Research GroupDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of Basel4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Peter Cloetens
- ID16A‐NI Nano‐Imaging BeamlineEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)38043GrenobleFrance
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
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16
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Wang C, Zeng L, Yu W, Zhang L, Guo Y, Gong C. An electron beam linear scanning mode for industrial limited-angle nano-computed tomography. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:015113. [PMID: 29390712 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano-computed tomography (nano-CT), which utilizes X-rays to research the inner structure of some small objects and has been widely utilized in biomedical research, electronic technology, geology, material sciences, etc., is a high spatial resolution and non-destructive research technique. A traditional nano-CT scanning model with a very high mechanical precision and stability of object manipulator, which is difficult to reach when the scanned object is continuously rotated, is required for high resolution imaging. To reduce the scanning time and attain a stable and high resolution imaging in industrial non-destructive testing, we study an electron beam linear scanning mode of nano-CT system that can avoid mechanical vibration and object movement caused by the continuously rotated object. Furthermore, to further save the scanning time and study how small the scanning range could be considered with acceptable spatial resolution, an alternating iterative algorithm based on ℓ0 minimization is utilized to limited-angle nano-CT reconstruction problem with the electron beam linear scanning mode. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the electron beam linear scanning mode of nano-CT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Changcheng Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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17
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Lin YC, Hwu Y, Huang GS, Hsiao M, Lee TT, Yang SM, Lee TK, Chen NY, Yang SS, Chen A, Ka SM. Differential synchrotron X-ray imaging markers based on the renal microvasculature for tubulointerstitial lesions and glomerulopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3488. [PMID: 28615647 PMCID: PMC5471266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High resolution synchrotron microtomography capable of revealing microvessels in three dimensional (3D) establishes distinct imaging markers of mouse kidney disease strongly associated to renal tubulointerstitial (TI) lesions and glomerulopathy. Two complementary mouse models of chronic kidney disease (CKD), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), were used and five candidates of unique 3D imaging markers were identified. Our characterization to differentially reflect the altered microvasculature of renal TI lesions and/or glomerulopathy demonstrated these image features can be used to differentiate the disease status and the possible cause therefore qualified as image markers. These 3D imaging markers were further correlated with the histopathology and renal microvessel-based molecular study using antibodies against vascular endothelial cells (CD31), the connective tissue growth factor or the vascular endothelial growth factor. We also found that these 3D imaging markers individually characterize the development of renal TI lesions or glomerulopathy, quantitative and integrated use of all of them provide more information for differentiating the two renal conditions. Our findings thus establish a practical strategy to characterize the CKD-associated renal injuries by the microangiography-based 3D imaging and highlight the impact of dysfunctional microvasculature as a whole on the pathogenesis of the renal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeukuang Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Shu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Tse Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Min Yang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yow Chen
- National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Sen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Academy of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Cao Y, Zhou Y, Ni S, Wu T, Li P, Liao S, Hu J, Lu H. Three Dimensional Quantification of Microarchitecture and Vessel Regeneration by Synchrotron Radiation Microcomputed Tomography in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1187-1199. [PMID: 27676128 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A full understanding of the mechanisms behind spinal cord injury (SCI) processes requires reliable three-dimensional (3D) imaging tools for a thorough analysis of changes in angiospatial architecture. We aimed to use synchrotron radiation μCT (SRμCT) to characterize 3D temporal-spatial changes in microvasculature post-SCI. Morphometrical measurements revealed a significant decrease in vascular volume fraction, vascular bifurcation density, vascular segment density, and vascular connectivity density 1 day post-injury, followed by a gradual increase at 3, 7, and 14 days. At 1 day post-injury, SRμCT revealed an increase in vascular tortuosity (VT), which reached a plateau after 7 days and decreased slightly during the healing process. In addition, SRμCT images showed that vessels were largely concentrated in the gray matter 1 day post-injury. The maximal endothelial cell proliferation rate was detected at 7 days post-injury. The 3D morphology of the cavity appears in the spinal cord at 28 days post-injury. We describe a methodology for 3D analysis of vascular repair in SCI and reveal that endogenous revascularization occurs during the healing process. The spinal cord microvasculature configuration undergoes 3D remodeling and modification during the post-injury repair process. Examination of these processes might contribute to a full understanding of the compensatory vascular mechanisms after injury and aid in the development of novel and effective treatment for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Ping Li
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Shenghui Liao
- 3 School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- 4 Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
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Cao Y, Yin X, Zhang J, Wu T, Li D, Lu H, Hu J. Visualization of mouse spinal cord intramedullary arteries using phase- and attenuation-contrast tomographic imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:966-974. [PMID: 27359146 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516006482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many spinal cord circulatory disorders present the substantial involvement of small vessel lesions. The central sulcus arteries supply nutrition to a large part of the spinal cord, and, if not detected early, lesions in the spinal cord will cause irreversible damage to the function of this organ. Thus, early detection of these small vessel lesions could potentially facilitate the effective diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. However, the detection of such small vessels is beyond the capability of current imaging techniques. In this study, an imaging method is proposed and the potential of phase-contrast imaging (PCI)- and attenuation-contrast imaging (ACI)-based synchrotron radiation for high-resolution tomography of intramedullary arteries in mouse spinal cord is validated. The three-dimensional vessel morphology, particularly that of the central sulcus arteries (CSA), detected with these two imaging models was quantitatively analyzed and compared. It was determined that both PCI- and ACI-based synchrotron radiation can be used to visualize the physiological arrangement of the entire intramedullary artery network in the mouse spinal cord in both two dimensions and three dimensions at a high-resolution scale. Additionally, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional vessel morphometric parameter measurements obtained with PCI are similar to the ACI data. Furthermore, PCI allows efficient and direct discrimination of the same branch level of the CSA without contrast agent injection and is expected to provide reliable biological information regarding the intramedullary artery. Compared with ACI, PCI might be a novel imaging method that offers a powerful imaging platform for evaluating pathological changes in small vessels and may also allow better clarification of their role in neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhe Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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20
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Ultra-high-resolution 3D digitalized imaging of the cerebral angioarchitecture in rats using synchrotron radiation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14982. [PMID: 26443231 PMCID: PMC4595735 DOI: 10.1038/srep14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The angioarchitecture is a fundamental aspect of brain development and physiology. However, available imaging tools are unsuited for non-destructive cerebral mapping of the functionally important three-dimensional (3D) vascular microstructures. To address this issue, we developed an ultra-high resolution 3D digitalized angioarchitectural map for rat brain, based on synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging (SR-PCI) with pixel size of 5.92 μm. This approach provides a systematic and detailed view of the cerebrovascular anatomy at the micrometer level without any need for contrast agents. From qualitative and quantitative perspectives, the present 3D data provide a considerable insight into the spatial vascular network for whole rodent brain, particularly for functionally important regions of interest, such as the hippocampus, pre-frontal cerebral cortex and the corpus striatum. We extended these results to synchrotron-based virtual micro-endoscopy, thus revealing the trajectory of targeted vessels in 3D. The SR-PCI method for systematic visualization of cerebral microvasculature holds considerable promise for wider application in life sciences, including 3D micro-imaging in experimental models of neurodevelopmental and vascular disorders.
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Abstract
Research studies on the three-dimensional (3D) morphological alterations of the spinal cord microvasculature after injury provide insight into the pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI). Knowledge in this field has been hampered in the past by imaging technologies that provided only two-dimensional (2D) information on the vascular reactions to trauma. The aim of our study is to investigate the 3D microstructural changes of the rat spinal cord microvasculature on day 1 post-injury using synchrotron radiation micro-tomography (SRμCT). This technology provides high-resolution 3D images of microvasculature in both normal and injured spinal cords, and the smallest vessel detected is approximately 7.4 μm. Moreover, we optimized the 3D vascular visualization with color coding and accurately calculated quantitative changes in vascular architecture after SCI. Compared to the control spinal cord, the damaged spinal cord vessel numbers decreased significantly following injury. Furthermore, the area of injury did not remain concentrated at the epicenter; rather, the signs of damage expanded rostrally and caudally along the spinal cord in 3D. The observed pathological changes were also confirmed by histological tests. These results demonstrate that SRμCT is an effective technology platform for imaging pathological changes in small arteries in neurovascular disease and for evaluating therapeutic interventions.
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Yenigün M, Jünemann M, Gerriets T, Stolz E. Sinus thrombosis-do animal models really cover the clinical syndrome? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207231 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.05.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an important cause of stroke in young patients. CVST represents with 0.5-3% of stroke cases a relatively rare disease. CVST affects 3-4 cases per 1 million overall and 7 cases per 1 million children and neonates. Typical clinical symptoms include headache, visual deficits and seizures. Beside the main condition associated with CVST in women in pregnancy and puerperium, the most frequently identified risk factors are oral hormonal contraceptives in combination with coagulation disorders. The initial treatment contains heparin and its efficacy is based on two randomized placebo-controlled trials including 79 patients together. A lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of CSVT makes animal models of this disease indispensable. Previously developed animal models of sinus sagittalis superior contributes to further clarify the pathophysiologic mechanisms and surrounding circumstances in the topic of cerebral venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Yenigün
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany ; 2 Department of Neurology, Buergerhospital Friedberg, Ockstaedter Strasse 3-5, 61169 Friedberg, Germany ; 3 Department of Neurology, Caritasklinikum Saarbruecken, St. Theresia, Rheinstrasse 2, 66113, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Martin Jünemann
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany ; 2 Department of Neurology, Buergerhospital Friedberg, Ockstaedter Strasse 3-5, 61169 Friedberg, Germany ; 3 Department of Neurology, Caritasklinikum Saarbruecken, St. Theresia, Rheinstrasse 2, 66113, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Tibo Gerriets
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany ; 2 Department of Neurology, Buergerhospital Friedberg, Ockstaedter Strasse 3-5, 61169 Friedberg, Germany ; 3 Department of Neurology, Caritasklinikum Saarbruecken, St. Theresia, Rheinstrasse 2, 66113, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Erwin Stolz
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany ; 2 Department of Neurology, Buergerhospital Friedberg, Ockstaedter Strasse 3-5, 61169 Friedberg, Germany ; 3 Department of Neurology, Caritasklinikum Saarbruecken, St. Theresia, Rheinstrasse 2, 66113, Saarbruecken, Germany
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Zhao F, Liang J, Chen X, Liu J, Chen D, Yang X, Tian J. Quantitative analysis of vascular parameters for micro-CT imaging of vascular networks with multi-resolution. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 54:511-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hu J, Cao Y, Wu T, Li D, Lu H. High-resolution three-dimensional visualization of the rat spinal cord microvasculature by synchrotron radiation micro-CT. Med Phys 2015; 41:101904. [PMID: 25281956 DOI: 10.1118/1.4894704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the spinal cord microvasculature has been limited by the lack of an effective high-resolution imaging technique. In this study, synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography (SRµCT), a novel imaging technique based on absorption imaging, was evaluated with regard to the detection of the 3D morphology of the rat spinal cord microvasculature. METHODS Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this ex vivo study. After contrast agent perfusion, their spinal cords were isolated and scanned using conventional x-rays, conventional micro-CT (CµCT), and SRµCT. RESULTS Based on contrast agent perfusion, the microvasculature of the rat spinal cord was clearly visualized for the first time ex vivo in 3D by means of SRµCT scanning. Compared to conventional imaging techniques, SRµCT achieved higher resolution 3D vascular imaging, with the smallest vessel that could be distinguished approximately 7.4 μm in diameter. Additionally, a 3D pseudocolored image of the spinal cord microvasculature was generated in a single session of SRµCT imaging, which was conducive to detailed observation of the vessel morphology. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that SRµCT scanning could provide higher resolution images of the vascular network of the spinal cord. This modality also has the potential to serve as a powerful imaging tool for the investigation of morphology changes in the 3D angioarchitecture of the neurovasculature in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dongzhe Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Walton JH, Ng KF, Anderson SE, Rutledge JC. MRI measurement of blood-brain barrier transport with a rapid acquisition refocused echo (RARE) method. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:479-82. [PMID: 25998382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI is increasingly being used to assess changes in capillary permeability. Most quantitative techniques used to measure capillary permeability are based on the Fick equation that requires measurement of signal reflecting both plasma and tissue concentrations of the solute being tested. To date, most Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods for acquiring appropriate data quickly rely on gradient recalled echo (GRE) type acquisitions, which work well in clinical low field settings. However, acquiring this type of data on high field small animal preclinical MRIs is problematic due to geometrical distortions from susceptibility mismatch. This problem can be exacerbated when using small animal models to measure blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, where precise sampling from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is commonly used to determine the plasma concentration of the contrast agent. Here we present results demonstrating that a standard saturation recovery rapid acquisition refocused echo (RARE) method is capable of acquiring T1 maps with good spatial and temporal resolution for Patlak analysis (Patlak, 1983) to assess changes in BBB Gd-DTPA permeability following middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion in the rat. This method limits known problems with magnetic susceptibility mismatch and may thus allow greater accuracy in BBB permeability measurement in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Walton
- NMR Facility and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Kit Fai Ng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Steven E Anderson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - John C Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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26
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Clark DP, Badea CT. Micro-CT of rodents: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Phys Med 2014; 30:619-34. [PMID: 24974176 PMCID: PMC4138257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Micron-scale computed tomography (micro-CT) is an essential tool for phenotyping and for elucidating diseases and their therapies. This work is focused on preclinical micro-CT imaging, reviewing relevant principles, technologies, and applications. Commonly, micro-CT provides high-resolution anatomic information, either on its own or in conjunction with lower-resolution functional imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). More recently, however, advanced applications of micro-CT produce functional information by translating clinical applications to model systems (e.g., measuring cardiac functional metrics) and by pioneering new ones (e.g. measuring tumor vascular permeability with nanoparticle contrast agents). The primary limitations of micro-CT imaging are the associated radiation dose and relatively poor soft tissue contrast. We review several image reconstruction strategies based on iterative, statistical, and gradient sparsity regularization, demonstrating that high image quality is achievable with low radiation dose given ever more powerful computational resources. We also review two contrast mechanisms under intense development. The first is spectral contrast for quantitative material discrimination in combination with passive or actively targeted nanoparticle contrast agents. The second is phase contrast which measures refraction in biological tissues for improved contrast and potentially reduced radiation dose relative to standard absorption imaging. These technological advancements promise to develop micro-CT into a commonplace, functional and even molecular imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Clark
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3302, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C T Badea
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3302, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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A Weed by Any Other Name. Surv Ophthalmol 2013; 58:176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Alt V, Kögelmaier DV, Lips KS, Witt V, Pacholke S, Heiss C, Kampschulte M, Heinemann S, Hanke T, Schnettler R, Langheinrich AC. Assessment of angiogenesis in osseointegration of a silica-collagen biomaterial using 3D-nano-CT. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3773-9. [PMID: 21723963 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bony integration of biomaterials is a complex process in which angiogenesis plays a crucial role. We evaluated micro- and nano-CT imaging to demonstrate and quantify neovascularization in bony integration of a biomaterial and to give an image based estimation for the needed resolution for imaging angiogenesis in an animal model of femora defect healing. In 8 rats 5mm full-size defects were created at the left femur that was filled with silica-collagen bone substitute material and internally fixed with plate osteosynthesis. After 6 weeks the femora were infused in situ with Microfil, harvested and scanned for micro-CT (9 μm)(3) and nano-CT (3 μm)(3) imaging. Using those 3D images, the newly formed blood vessels in the area of the biomaterial were assessed and the total vascular volume fraction, the volume of the bone substitute material and the volume of the bone defect were quantitatively characterized. Results were complemented by histology. Differences were statistically assessed using (ANOVA). High-resolution nano-CT demonstrated new blood vessel formation surrounding the biomaterial in all animals at capillary level. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the newly formed blood vessels surrounding the bone substitute material. The mean vascular volume fraction (VVF) around the implant was calculated to be 3.01 ± 0.4%. The VVF was inversely correlated with the volume of the bone substitute material (r=0.8) but not with the dimension of the fracture zone (r=0.3). Nano-CT imaging is feasible for quantitative analysis of angiogenesis during bony integration of biomaterials and a promising tool in this context for the future.
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