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Zheng J, Cheng Y, Wu X, Li X, Fu Y, Yang Z. Rich-club organization of whole-brain spatio-temporal multilayer functional connectivity networks. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1405734. [PMID: 38855440 PMCID: PMC11157044 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1405734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In this work, we propose a novel method for constructing whole-brain spatio-temporal multilayer functional connectivity networks (FCNs) and four innovative rich-club metrics. Methods Spatio-temporal multilayer FCNs achieve a high-order representation of the spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics of brain networks by combining the sliding time window method with graph theory and hypergraph theory. The four proposed rich-club scales are based on the dynamic changes in rich-club node identity, providing a parameterized description of the topological dynamic characteristics of brain networks from both temporal and spatial perspectives. The proposed method was validated in three independent differential analysis experiments: male-female gender difference analysis, analysis of abnormality in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and individual difference analysis. Results The proposed method yielded results consistent with previous relevant studies and revealed some innovative findings. For instance, the dynamic topological characteristics of specific white matter regions effectively reflected individual differences. The increased abnormality in internal functional connectivity within the basal ganglia may be a contributing factor to the occurrence of repetitive or restrictive behaviors in ASD patients. Conclusion The proposed methodology provides an efficacious approach for constructing whole-brain spatio-temporal multilayer FCNs and conducting analysis of their dynamic topological structures. The dynamic topological characteristics of spatio-temporal multilayer FCNs may offer new insights into physiological variations and pathological abnormalities in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zheng
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Cheng
- Huaxi Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
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Zhang J, Guo Y, Zhou L, Wang L, Wu W, Shen D. Constructing hierarchical attentive functional brain networks for early AD diagnosis. Med Image Anal 2024; 94:103137. [PMID: 38507893 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing functional brain networks (FBN) with deep learning has demonstrated great potential for brain disorder diagnosis. The conventional construction of FBN is typically conducted at a single scale with a predefined brain region atlas. However, numerous studies have identified that the structure and function of the brain are hierarchically organized in nature. This urges the need of representing FBN in a hierarchical manner for more effective analysis of the complementary diagnostic insights at different scales. To this end, this paper proposes to build hierarchical FBNs adaptively within the Transformer framework. Specifically, a sparse attention-based node-merging module is designed to work alongside the conventional network feature extraction modules in each layer. The proposed module generates coarser nodes for further FBN construction and analysis by combining fine-grained nodes. By stacking multiple such layers, a hierarchical representation of FBN can be adaptively learned in an end-to-end manner. The hierarchical structure can not only integrate the complementary information from multiscale FBN for joint analysis, but also reduce the model complexity due to decreasing node sizes. Moreover, this paper argues that the nodes defined by the existing atlases are not necessarily the optimal starting level to build FBN hierarchy and exploring finer nodes may further enrich the FBN representation. In this regard, each predefined node in an atlas is split into multiple sub-nodes, overcoming the scale limitation of the existing atlases. Extensive experiments conducted on various data sets consistently demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over the competing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| | - Yunan Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| | - Luping Zhou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Weiwen Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| | - Dinggang Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, China; Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China.
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Janet R, Smallwood J, Hutcherson CA, Plassmann H, Mckeown B, Tusche A. Body mass index-dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314224121. [PMID: 38648482 PMCID: PMC11067012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314224121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic spatial patterns of large-scale neural activity, which have the advantage of considering the entire suite of processes subserving self-control and potential regulatory tactics at the whole-brain level. Using an established laboratory food task capturing brain responses in natural and regulatory conditions (N = 123), we demonstrate that regulatory changes of dietary brain states in the gradient space predict individual differences in dietary success. Better regulators required smaller shifts in brain states to achieve larger goal-consistent changes in dietary behaviors, pointing toward efficient network organization. This pattern was most pronounced in individuals with lower weight status (low-BMI, body mass index) but absent in high-BMI individuals. Consistent with prior work, regulatory goals increased activity in frontoparietal brain circuits. However, this shift in brain states alone did not predict variance in dietary success. Instead, regulatory success emerged from combined changes along multiple gradients, showcasing the interplay of different large-scale brain networks subserving dietary control and possible regulatory strategies. Our results provide insights into how the brain might solve the problem of dietary control: Dietary success may be easier for people who adopt modes of large-scale brain activation that do not require significant reconfigurations across contexts and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Janet
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cendri A. Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 2E5, Canada
- Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E6, Canada
| | - Hilke Plassmann
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, FontainebleauF-77300, France
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, Paris75013, France
| | - Bronte Mckeown
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anita Tusche
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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Levi R, Politi LS. Tracing the language: enhancing neurosurgery with structural connectomics for prediction of language function preservation. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:2756-2758. [PMID: 37889273 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Levi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via R. Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Letterio S Politi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via R. Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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5
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Li N, Xiao J, Mao N, Cheng D, Chen X, Zhao F, Shi Z. Joint learning of multi-level dynamic brain networks for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108054. [PMID: 38350396 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Graph convolutional networks (GCNs), with their powerful ability to model non-Euclidean graph data, have shown advantages in learning representations of brain networks. However, considering the complexity, multilayeredness, and spatio-temporal dynamics of brain activities, we have identified two limitations in current GCN-based research on brain networks: 1) Most studies have focused on unidirectional information transmission across brain network levels, neglecting joint learning or bidirectional information exchange among networks. 2) Most of the existing models determine node neighborhoods by thresholding or simply binarizing the brain network, which leads to the loss of edge weight information and weakens the model's sensitivity to important information in the brain network. To address the above issues, we propose a multi-level dynamic brain network joint learning architecture based on GCN for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Specifically, firstly, constructing different-level dynamic brain networks. Then, utilizing joint learning based on GCN for interactive information exchange among these multi-level brain networks. Finally, designing an edge self-attention mechanism to assign different edge weights to inter-node connections, which allows us to pick out the crucial features for ASD diagnosis. Our proposed method achieves an accuracy of 81.5 %. The results demonstrate that our method enables bidirectional transfer of high-order and low-order information, facilitating information complementarity between different levels of brain networks. Additionally, the use of edge weights enhances the representation capability of ASD-related features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinjie Xiao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Dapeng Cheng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China.
| | - Zhenghao Shi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
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6
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Lu Y, Li M, Zhuang Y, Lin Z, Nie B, Lei J, Zhao Y, Zhao H. Combination of fMRI and PET reveals the beneficial effect of three-phase enriched environment on post-stroke memory deficits by enhancing plasticity of brain connectivity between hippocampus and peri-hippocampal cortex. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14466. [PMID: 37752881 PMCID: PMC10916434 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The three-phase enriched environment (EE) intervention paradigm has been shown to improve learning and memory function after cerebral ischemia, but the neuronal mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the hippocampal-cortical connectivity and the metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of EE-induced memory improvement after stroke. METHODS Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) or sham surgery and housed in standard environment or EE for 30 days. Memory function was examined by Morris water maze (MWM) test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted to detect the structural and functional changes. [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) was conducted to detect brain energy metabolism. PET-based brain connectivity and network analysis was performed to study the changes of hippocampal-cortical connectivity. Astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, including gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43), glucose transporters (GLUTs), and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), was detected by histological studies. RESULTS Our results showed EE promoted memory function improvement, protected structure integrity, and benefited energy metabolism after stroke. More importantly, EE intervention significantly increased functional connectivity between the hippocampus and peri-hippocampal cortical regions, and specifically regulated the level of Cx43, GLUTs and MCTs in the hippocampus and cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the three-phase enriched environment paradigm enhanced hippocampal-cortical connectivity plasticity and ameliorated post-stroke memory deficits. These findings might provide some new clues for the development of EE and thus facilitate the clinical transformation of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Mingcong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Yuming Zhuang
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Ziyue Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianfeng Lei
- Core Facilities CenterCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Core Facilities CenterCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
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7
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González-García N, Buimer EEL, Moreno-López L, Sallie SN, Váša F, Lim S, Romero-Garcia R, Scheuplein M, Whitaker KJ, Jones PB, Dolan RJ, Fonagy P, Goodyer I, Bullmore ET, van Harmelen AL. Resilient functioning is associated with altered structural brain network topology in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2253-2263. [PMID: 37493043 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent mental illness. Therefore, it is critical that the mechanisms that aid resilient functioning in individuals exposed to childhood adversity are better understood. Here, we examined whether resilient functioning was related to structural brain network topology. We quantified resilient functioning at the individual level as psychosocial functioning adjusted for the severity of childhood adversity in a large sample of adolescents (N = 2406, aged 14-24). Next, we examined nodal degree (the number of connections that brain regions have in a network) using brain-wide cortical thickness measures in a representative subset (N = 275) using a sliding window approach. We found that higher resilient functioning was associated with lower nodal degree of multiple regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (z > 1.645). During adolescence, decreases in nodal degree are thought to reflect a normative developmental process that is part of the extensive remodeling of structural brain network topology. Prior findings in this sample showed that decreased nodal degree was associated with age, as such our findings of negative associations between nodal degree and resilient functioning may therefore potentially resemble a more mature structural network configuration in individuals with higher resilient functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia González-García
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth E L Buimer
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - František Váša
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sol Lim
- Public health and Primary Care, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (CEU), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rafael Romero-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maximilian Scheuplein
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Center for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Ding Y, Xu X, Peng L, Zhang L, Li W, Cao W, Gao X. Wavelet transform-based frequency self-adaptive model for functional brain network. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11181-11194. [PMID: 37759345 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate estimation of functional brain networks is essential for comprehending the intricate relationships between different brain regions. Conventional methods such as Pearson Correlation and Sparse Representation often fail to uncover concealed information within diverse frequency bands. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel frequency-adaptive model based on wavelet transform, enabling selective capture of highly correlated frequency band sequences. Our approach involves decomposing the original time-domain signal from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into distinct frequency domains, thus constructing an adjacency matrix that offers enhanced separation of features across brain regions. Comparative analysis demonstrates the superior performance of our proposed model over conventional techniques, showcasing improved clarity and distinctiveness. Notably, we achieved the highest accuracy rate of 89.01% using Sparse Representation based on Wavelet Transform, outperforming Pearson Correlation based on Wavelet Transform with an accuracy of 81.32%. Importantly, our method optimizes raw data without significantly altering feature topology, rendering it adaptable to various functional brain network estimation approaches. Overall, this innovation holds the potential to advance the understanding of brain function and furnish more accurate samples for future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Ding
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Nan'An 400064, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Liling Peng
- Department of Pet/MR, Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Nan'An 400064, China
| | - Weikai Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Nan'An 400064, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 276800, China
| | - Wenming Cao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Nan'An 400064, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Pet/MR, Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Shanghai 200065, China
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Yuasa K, Hirosawa T, Soma D, Furutani N, Kameya M, Sano M, Kitamura K, Ueda M, Kikuchi M. Eyes-state-dependent alterations of magnetoencephalographic connectivity associated with delayed recall in Alzheimer's disease via graph theory approach. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1272120. [PMID: 37941968 PMCID: PMC10628524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1272120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment and cognitive decline. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies using graph theory show altered “Small-Worldness (SW)” properties in AD. This study aimed to investigate whether eye-state-dependent alterations in SW differ between patients with AD and healthy controls, considering the symptoms of AD.MethodsNineteen patients with AD and 24 healthy controls underwent MEG under different conditions (eyes-open [EO] and eyes-closed [EC]) and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) with delayed recall. After the signal sources were mapped onto the Desikan–Killiany brain atlas, the statistical connectivity of five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) was calculated using the phase lag index (PLI), and binary graphs for each frequency band were constructed based on the PLI. Next, we measured SW as a graph metric and evaluated three points: the impact of AD and experimental conditions on SW, the association between SW and delayed recall, and changes in SW across experimental conditions correlated with delayed recall.ResultsSW in the gamma band was significantly lower in patients with AD (z = −2.16, p = 0.031), but the experimental conditions did not exhibit a significant effect in any frequency band. Next, in the AD group, higher scores on delayed recall correlated with diminished SW across delta, alpha, and beta bands in the EO condition. Finally, delayed recall scores significantly predicted relative differences in the SW group in the alpha band (t = −2.98, p = 0.009).DiscussionGiven that network studies could corroborate the results of previous power spectrum studies, our findings contribute to a multifaceted understanding of functional brain networks in AD, emphasizing that the SW properties of these networks change according to disease status, cognitive function, and experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Yuasa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hirosawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daiki Soma
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Furutani
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kameya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masuhiko Sano
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koji Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Minehisa Ueda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Haşegan D, Geniesse C, Chowdhury S, Saggar M. Deconstructing the Mapper algorithm to extract richer topological and temporal features from functional neuroimaging data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562304. [PMID: 37904918 PMCID: PMC10614807 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Capturing and tracking large-scale brain activity dynamics holds the potential to deepen our understanding of cognition. Previously, tools from Topological Data Analysis, especially Mapper, have been successfully used to mine brain activity dynamics at the highest spatiotemporal resolutions. Even though it is a relatively established tool within the field of Topological Data Analysis, Mapper results are highly impacted by parameter selection. Given that non-invasive human neuroimaging data (e.g., from fMRI) is typically fraught with artifacts and no gold standards exist regarding "true" state transitions, we argue for a thorough examination of Mapper parameter choices to better reveal their impact. Using synthetic data (with known transition structure) and real fMRI data, we explore a variety of parameter choices for each Mapper step, thereby providing guidance and heuristics for the field. We also release our parameter-exploration toolbox as a software package to make it easier for scientists to investigate and apply Mapper on any dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haşegan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
| | - Caleb Geniesse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
| | - Samir Chowdhury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
| | - Manish Saggar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
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11
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Wang X, Lin D, Zhao C, Li H, Fu L, Huang Z, Xu S. Abnormal metabolic connectivity in default mode network of right temporal lobe epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1011283. [PMID: 37034164 PMCID: PMC10076532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1011283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder associated with the dysfunction of the default mode network (DMN). Metabolic connectivity measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET) has been widely used to assess cumulative energy consumption and provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of TLE. However, the metabolic connectivity mechanism of DMN in TLE is far from fully elucidated. The present study investigated the metabolic connectivity mechanism of DMN in TLE using 18F-FDG PET. Method Participants included 40 TLE patients and 41 health controls (HC) who were age- and gender-matched. A weighted undirected metabolic network of each group was constructed based on 14 primary volumes of interest (VOIs) in the DMN, in which Pearson's correlation coefficients between each pair-wise of the VOIs were calculated in an inter-subject manner. Graph theoretic analysis was then performed to analyze both global (global efficiency and the characteristic path length) and regional (nodal efficiency and degree centrality) network properties. Results Metabolic connectivity in DMN showed that regionally networks changed in the TLE group, including bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, right inferior parietal gyrus, right angular gyrus, and left precuneus. Besides, significantly decreased (P < 0.05, FDR corrected) metabolic connections of DMN in the TLE group were revealed, containing bilateral hippocampus, bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral angular gyrus, right medial of superior frontal gyrus, and left inferior parietal gyrus. Conclusion Taken together, the present study demonstrated the abnormal metabolic connectivity in DMN of TLE, which might provide further insights into the understanding the dysfunction mechanism and promote the treatment for TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunlei Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liyuan Fu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shangwen Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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12
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Local community detection based on influence maximization in dynamic networks. APPL INTELL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-04403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Ismail L, Karwowski W, Farahani FV, Rahman M, Alhujailli A, Fernandez-Sumano R, Hancock PA. Modeling Brain Functional Connectivity Patterns during an Isometric Arm Force Exertion Task at Different Levels of Perceived Exertion: A Graph Theoretical Approach. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1575. [PMID: 36421899 PMCID: PMC9688629 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of physical exertion is the cognitive sensation of work demands associated with voluntary muscular actions. Measurements of exerted force are crucial for avoiding the risk of overexertion and understanding human physical capability. For this purpose, various physiological measures have been used; however, the state-of-the-art in-force exertion evaluation lacks assessments of underlying neurophysiological signals. The current study applied a graph theoretical approach to investigate the topological changes in the functional brain network induced by predefined force exertion levels for twelve female participants during an isometric arm task and rated their perceived physical comfort levels. The functional connectivity under predefined force exertion levels was assessed using the coherence method for 84 anatomical brain regions of interest at the electroencephalogram (EEG) source level. Then, graph measures were calculated to quantify the network topology for two frequency bands. The results showed that high-level force exertions are associated with brain networks characterized by more significant clustering coefficients (6%), greater modularity (5%), higher global efficiency (9%), and less distance synchronization (25%) under alpha coherence. This study on the neurophysiological basis of physical exertions with various force levels suggests that brain regions communicate and cooperate higher when muscle force exertions increase to meet the demands of physically challenging tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ismail
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Arab Academy for Science Technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria 2913, Egypt
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Farzad V. Farahani
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mahjabeen Rahman
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ashraf Alhujailli
- Department of Management Science, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu 46452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raul Fernandez-Sumano
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - P. A. Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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14
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Bertacchini F, Scuro C, Pantano P, Bilotta E. Modelling brain dynamics by Boolean networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16543. [PMID: 36192582 PMCID: PMC9529940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between brain architecture and brain function is a central issue in neuroscience. We modeled realistic spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity on a human connectome with a Boolean networks model with the aim of computationally replicating certain cognitive functions as they emerge from the standardization of many fMRI studies, identified as patterns of human brain activity. Results from the analysis of simulation data, carried out for different parameters and initial conditions identified many possible paths in the space of parameters of these network models, with normal (ordered asymptotically constant patterns), chaotic (oscillating or disordered) but also highly organized configurations, with countless spatial–temporal patterns. We interpreted these results as routes to chaos, permanence of the systems in regimes of complexity, and ordered stationary behavior, associating these dynamics to cognitive processes. The most important result of this work is the study of emergent neural circuits, i.e., configurations of areas that synchronize over time, both locally and globally, determining the emergence of computational analogues of cognitive processes, which may or may not be similar to the functioning of biological brain. Furthermore, results put in evidence the creation of how the brain creates structures of remote communication. These structures have hierarchical organization, where each level allows for the emergence of brain organizations which behave at the next superior level. Taken together these results allow the interplay of dynamical and topological roots of the multifaceted brain dynamics to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bertacchini
- Department of Mechanics, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mathematical Modelling, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Carmelo Scuro
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mathematical Modelling, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Pietro Pantano
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mathematical Modelling, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bilotta
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mathematical Modelling, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy. .,Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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15
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Zhang J, Zhou L, Wang L, Liu M, Shen D. Diffusion Kernel Attention Network for Brain Disorder Classification. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:2814-2827. [PMID: 35471877 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3170701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Constructing and analyzing functional brain networks (FBN) has become a promising approach to brain disorder classification. However, the conventional successive construct-and-analyze process would limit the performance due to the lack of interactions and adaptivity among the subtasks in the process. Recently, Transformer has demonstrated remarkable performance in various tasks, attributing to its effective attention mechanism in modeling complex feature relationships. In this paper, for the first time, we develop Transformer for integrated FBN modeling, analysis and brain disorder classification with rs-fMRI data by proposing a Diffusion Kernel Attention Network to address the specific challenges. Specifically, directly applying Transformer does not necessarily admit optimal performance in this task due to its extensive parameters in the attention module against the limited training samples usually available. Looking into this issue, we propose to use kernel attention to replace the original dot-product attention module in Transformer. This significantly reduces the number of parameters to train and thus alleviates the issue of small sample while introducing a non-linear attention mechanism to model complex functional connections. Another limit of Transformer for FBN applications is that it only considers pair-wise interactions between directly connected brain regions but ignores the important indirect connections. Therefore, we further explore diffusion process over the kernel attention to incorporate wider interactions among indirectly connected brain regions. Extensive experimental study is conducted on ADHD-200 data set for ADHD classification and on ADNI data set for Alzheimer's disease classification, and the results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over the competing methods.
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16
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Bonthrone AF, Chew A, Bhroin MN, Rech FM, Kelly CJ, Christiaens D, Pietsch M, Tournier JD, Cordero-Grande L, Price A, Egloff A, Hajnal JV, Pushparajah K, Simpson J, David Edwards A, Rutherford MA, Nosarti C, Batalle D, Counsell SJ. Neonatal frontal-limbic connectivity is associated with externalizing behaviours in toddlers with Congenital Heart Disease. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103153. [PMID: 35987179 PMCID: PMC9403726 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments. The neonatal antecedents of impaired behavioural development are unknown. 43 infants with CHD underwent presurgical brain diffusion-weighted MRI [postmenstrual age at scan median (IQR) = 39.29 (38.71-39.71) weeks] and a follow-up assessment at median age of 22.1 (IQR 22.0-22.7) months in which parents reported internalizing and externalizing problem scores on the Child Behaviour Checklist. We constructed structural brain networks from diffusion-weighted MRI and calculated edge-wise structural connectivity as well as global and local brain network features. We also calculated presurgical cerebral oxygen delivery, and extracted perioperative variables, socioeconomic status at birth and a measure of cognitively stimulating parenting. Lower degree in the right inferior frontal gyrus (partial ρ = -0.687, p < 0.001) and reduced connectivity in a frontal-limbic sub-network including the right inferior frontal gyrus were associated with higher externalizing problem scores. Externalizing problem scores were unrelated to neonatal clinical course or home environment. However, higher internalizing problem scores were associated with earlier surgery in the neonatal period (partial ρ = -0.538, p = 0.014). Our results highlight the importance of frontal-limbic networks to the development of externalizing behaviours and provide new insights into early antecedents of behavioural impairments in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Bonthrone
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Chew
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Ní Bhroin
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesca Morassutti Rech
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Kelly
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daan Christiaens
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT/PSI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maximilian Pietsch
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department for Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J-Donald Tournier
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid & CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anthony Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexia Egloff
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kuberan Pushparajah
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Paediatric Cardiology Department, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, UK
| | - John Simpson
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department for Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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17
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Peterson BS, Liu J, Dantec L, Newman C, Sawardekar S, Goh S, Bansal R. Using tissue microstructure and multimodal MRI to parse the phenotypic heterogeneity and cellular basis of autism spectrum disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:855-870. [PMID: 34762311 PMCID: PMC9091058 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the brain bases for phenotypic heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) will advance understanding of its pathogenesis and improve its clinical management. METHODS We compared Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) indices and connectome measures between 77 ASD and 88 Typically Developing (TD) control participants. We also assessed voxel-wise associations of DTI indices with measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to understand how tissue microstructure associates with cellular metabolism and neuronal density, respectively. RESULTS Autism Spectrum Disorder participants had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher diffusivity values in deep white matter tracts, likely representing ether reduced myelination by oligodendrocytes or a reduced density of myelinated axons. Greater abnormalities in these measures and regions were associated with higher ASD symptom scores. Participant age, sex and IQ significantly moderated these group differences. Path analyses showed that reduced NAA levels accounted significantly for higher diffusivity and higher rCBF values in ASD compared with TD participants. CONCLUSIONS Reduced neuronal density (reduced NAA) likely underlies abnormalities in DTI indices of white matter microstructure in ASD, which in turn are major determinants of elevated blood flow. Together, these findings suggest the presence of reduced axonal density and axonal pathology in ASD white matter. Greater pathology in turn accounts for more severe symptoms, lower intellectual ability, and reduced global efficiency for measures of white matter connectivity in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027;,Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Louis Dantec
- École Polytechnique Universitaire de Marseille, France
| | | | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | | | - Ravi Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027;,Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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18
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Lin K, Jie B, Dong P, Ding X, Bian W, Liu M. Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network for Dynamic Functional MRI Analysis and Brain Disease Identification. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:933660. [PMID: 35873806 PMCID: PMC9298744 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.933660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) networks derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) help us understand fundamental dynamic characteristics of human brains, thereby providing an efficient solution for automated identification of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage. Existing studies have applied deep learning methods to dFC network analysis and achieved good performance compared with traditional machine learning methods. However, they seldom take advantage of sequential information conveyed in dFC networks that could be informative to improve the diagnosis performance. In this paper, we propose a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) for automated brain disease classification with rs-fMRI data. Specifically, we first construct dFC networks from rs-fMRI data using a sliding window strategy. Then, we employ three convolutional layers and long short-term memory (LSTM) layer to extract high-level features of dFC networks and also preserve the sequential information of extracted features, followed by three fully connected layers for brain disease classification. Experimental results on 174 subjects with 563 rs-fMRI scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in binary and multi-category classification tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Biao Jie
- School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Peng Dong
- School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xintao Ding
- School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Weixin Bian
- School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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19
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Zhan G, Chen S, Ji Y, Xu Y, Song Z, Wang J, Niu L, Bin J, Kang X, Jia J. EEG-Based Brain Network Analysis of Chronic Stroke Patients After BCI Rehabilitation Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:909610. [PMID: 35832876 PMCID: PMC9271662 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.909610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional rehabilitation strategies become difficult in the chronic phase stage of stroke prognosis. Brain–computer interface (BCI) combined with external devices may improve motor function in chronic stroke patients, but it lacks comprehensive assessments of neurological changes regarding functional rehabilitation. This study aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively investigate the changes in brain activity induced by BCI–FES training in patients with chronic stroke. We analyzed the EEG of two groups of patients with chronic stroke, one group received functional electrical stimulation (FES) rehabilitation training (FES group) and the other group received BCI combined with FES training (BCI–FES group). We constructed functional networks in both groups of patients based on direct directed transfer function (dDTF) and assessed the changes in brain activity using graph theory analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (i) after rehabilitation training, the Fugl–Meyer assessment scale (FMA) score was significantly improved in the BCI–FES group (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the FES group. (ii) Both the global and local graph theory measures of the brain network of patients with chronic stroke in the BCI–FES group were improved after rehabilitation training. (iii) The node strength in the contralesional hemisphere and central region of patients in the BCI–FES group was significantly higher than that in the FES group after the intervention (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in the node strength of C4 in the contralesional sensorimotor cortex region could be observed in the BCI–FES group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that BCI–FES rehabilitation training can induce clinically significant improvements in motor function of patients with chronic stroke. It can improve the functional integration and functional separation of brain networks and boost compensatory activity in the contralesional hemisphere to a certain extent. The findings of our study may provide new insights into understanding the plastic changes of brain activity in patients with chronic stroke induced by BCI–FES rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Zhan
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shugeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ji
- Shanghai Jinshan Zhongren Geriatric Nursing Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shanghai Jinshan Zhongren Geriatric Nursing Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoting Song
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkongshuai Wang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Niu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China
| | | | - Xiaoyang Kang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Kang
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
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20
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Li W, Zhao J, Shen C, Zhang J, Hu J, Xiao M, Zhang J, Chen M. Regional Brain Fusion: Graph Convolutional Network for Alzheimer's Disease Prediction and Analysis. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:886365. [PMID: 35571869 PMCID: PMC9100702 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.886365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has raised extensive concern in healthcare and academia as one of the most prevalent health threats to the elderly. Due to the irreversible nature of AD, early and accurate diagnoses are significant for effective prevention and treatment. However, diverse clinical symptoms and limited neuroimaging accuracy make diagnoses challenging. In this article, we built a brain network for each subject, which assembles several commonly used neuroimaging data simply and reasonably, including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). Based on some existing research results, we applied statistical methods to analyze (i) the distinct affinity of AD burden on each brain region, (ii) the topological lateralization between left and right hemispheric sub-networks, and (iii) the asymmetry of the AD attacks on the left and right hemispheres. In the light of advances in graph convolutional networks for graph classifications and summarized characteristics of brain networks and AD pathologies, we proposed a regional brain fusion-graph convolutional network (RBF-GCN), which is constructed with an RBF framework mainly, including three sub-modules, namely, hemispheric network generation module, multichannel GCN module, and feature fusion module. In the multichannel GCN module, the improved GCN by our proposed adaptive native node attribute (ANNA) unit embeds within each channel independently. We not only fully verified the effectiveness of the RBF framework and ANNA unit but also achieved competitive results in multiple sets of AD stages' classification tasks using hundreds of experiments over the ADNI clinical dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Shen
- Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ji Hu
- Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mang Xiao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyong Zhang
| | - Minghan Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Minghan Chen
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21
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Wu J, Nahab F, Allen JW, Hu R, Dehkharghani S, Qiu D. Alterations in Functional Network Topology Within Normal Hemispheres Contralateral to Anterior Circulation Steno-Occlusive Disease: A Resting-State BOLD Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:780896. [PMID: 35392638 PMCID: PMC8980268 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.780896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess spatially remote effects of hemodynamic impairment on functional network topology contralateral to unilateral anterior circulation steno-occlusive disease (SOD) using resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging, and to investigate the relationships between network connectivity and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), a measure of hemodynamic stress. Twenty patients with unilateral, chronic anterior circulation SOD and 20 age-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state BOLD imaging. Five-minute standardized baseline BOLD acquisition was followed by acetazolamide infusion to measure CVR. The BOLD baseline was used to analyze network connectivity contralateral to the diseased hemispheres of SOD patients. Compared to healthy controls, reduced network degree (z-score = −1.158 ± 1.217, P < 0.001, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected), local efficiency (z-score = −1.213 ± 1.120, P < 0.001, FDR corrected), global efficiency (z-score = −1.346 ± 1.119, P < 0.001, FDR corrected), and enhanced modularity (z-score = 1.000 ± 1.205, P = 0.002, FDR corrected) were observed in the contralateral, normal hemispheres of SOD patients. Network degree (P = 0.089, FDR corrected; P = 0.027, uncorrected) and nodal efficiency (P = 0.089, FDR corrected; P = 0.045, uncorrected) showed a trend toward a positive association with CVR. The results indicate remote abnormalities in functional connectivity contralateral to the diseased hemispheres in patients with unilateral SOD, despite the absence of macrovascular disease or demonstrable hemodynamic impairment. The clinical impact of remote functional disruptions requires dedicated investigation but may portend far reaching consequence for even putatively unilateral cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fadi Nahab
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jason W. Allen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ranliang Hu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Seena Dehkharghani
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Deqiang Qiu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Deqiang Qiu
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22
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Maleki Balajoo S, Rahmani F, Khosrowabadi R, Meng C, Eickhoff SB, Grimmer T, Zarei M, Drzezga A, Sorg C, Tahmasian M. Decoupling of regional neural activity and inter-regional functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease: a simultaneous PET/MR study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3173-3185. [PMID: 35199225 PMCID: PMC9250470 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are characterized by both aberrant regional neural activity and disrupted inter-regional functional connectivity (FC). However, the effect of AD/MCI on the coupling between regional neural activity (measured by regional fluorodeoxyglucose imaging (rFDG)) and inter-regional FC (measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI)) is poorly understood. METHODS We scanned 19 patients with MCI, 33 patients with AD, and 26 healthy individuals by simultaneous FDG-PET/rs-fMRI and assessed rFDG and inter-regional FC metrics (i.e., clustering coefficient and degree centrality). Next, we examined the potential moderating effect of disease status (MCI or AD) on the link between rFDG and inter-regional FC metrics using hierarchical moderated multiple regression analysis. We also tested this effect by considering interaction between disease status and inter-regional FC metrics, as well as interaction between disease status and rFDG. RESULTS Our findings revealed that both rFDG and inter-regional FC metrics were disrupted in MCI and AD. Moreover, AD altered the relationship between rFDG and inter-regional FC metrics. In particular, we found that AD moderated the effect of inter-regional FC metrics of the caudate, parahippocampal gyrus, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, frontal pole, inferior temporal gyrus, middle frontal, lateral occipital, supramarginal gyrus, precuneus, and thalamus on predicting their rFDG. On the other hand, AD moderated the effect of rFDG of the parietal operculum on predicting its inter-regional FC metric. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that AD decoupled the link between regional neural activity and functional segregation and global connectivity across particular brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Maleki Balajoo
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chun Meng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), TechnischeUniversitätMünchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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Zhu Q, Wang Y, Zhuo C, Xu Q, Yao Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Sun Z, Wang J, Lv M, Wu Q, Wang D. Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Abnormal Hippocampal Functional Connectivity and Machine Learning. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:754334. [PMID: 35273489 PMCID: PMC8902140 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.754334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive deterioration of memory and cognition. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been implicated as a prodromal phase of AD. Although abnormal functional connectivity (FC) has been demonstrated in AD and MCI, the clinical differentiation of AD, MCI, and normal aging remains difficult, and the distinction between MCI and normal aging is especially problematic. We hypothesized that FC between the hippocampus and other brain structures is altered in AD and MCI, and that measurement of abnormal FC could have diagnostic utility for the classification of different AD stages. Methods Elderly adults aged 60–85 years were assigned to AD, MCI, or normal control (NC) groups based on clinical criteria. Functional magnetic resonance scanning was completed by 119 subjects. Five dimension reduction/classification methods were applied, using hippocampus-derived FC strengths as input features. Classification performance of the five dimensionality reduction methods was compared between AD, MCI, and NC groups. Results FCs between the hippocampus and left insula, left thalamus, cerebellum, right lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus were significantly reduced in AD and MCI. Support vector machine learning coupled with sparse principal component analysis demonstrated the best discriminative performance, yielding classification accuracies of 82.02% (AD vs. NC), 81.33% (MCI vs. NC), and 81.08% (AD vs. MCI). Conclusion Hippocampus-seed-based FCs were significantly different between AD, MCI, and NC groups. FC assessment combined with widely used machine learning methods can improve AD differential diagnosis, and may be especially useful to distinguish MCI from normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Brain Circuits Tracing (RTBNP_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qunxing Xu
- Department of Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Rizhao City, Rizhao, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Shandong Chenze AI Research Institute Co. Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wu,
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Dawei Wang,
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Naro A, Pignolo L, Calabrò RS. Brain Network Organization Following Post-Stroke Neurorehabilitation. Int J Neural Syst 2022; 32:2250009. [PMID: 35139774 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065722500095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain network analysis can offer useful information to guide the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. We applied functional network connection models based on multiplex-multilayer network analysis (MMN) to explore functional network connectivity changes induced by robot-aided gait training (RAGT) using the Ekso, a wearable exoskeleton, and compared it to conventional overground gait training (COGT) in chronic stroke patients. We extracted the coreness of individual nodes at multiple locations in the brain from EEG recordings obtained before and after gait training in a resting state. We found that patients provided with RAGT achieved a greater motor function recovery than those receiving COGT. This difference in clinical outcome was paralleled by greater changes in connectivity patterns among different brain areas central to motor programming and execution, as well as a recruitment of other areas beyond the sensorimotor cortices and at multiple frequency ranges, contemporarily. The magnitude of these changes correlated with motor function recovery chances. Our data suggest that the use of RAGT as an add-on treatment to COGT may provide post-stroke patients with a greater modification of the functional brain network impairment following a stroke. This might have potential clinical implications if confirmed in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Naro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy. Via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Loris Pignolo
- Sant'Anna Institute, Via Siris, 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy. Via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
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Liu S, Chen S, Huang Z, Liu X, Li M, Su F, Hao X, Ming D. Hypofunction of directed brain network within alpha frequency band in depressive patients: a graph-theoretic analysis. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:1059-1071. [PMID: 36237415 PMCID: PMC9508312 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed brain networks may provide new insights into exploring physiological mechanism and neuromarkers for depression. This study aims to investigate the abnormalities of directed brain networks in depressive patients. We constructed the directed brain network based on resting electroencephalogram for 19 depressive patients and 20 healthy controls with eyes closed and eyes open. The weighted directed brain connectivity was measured by partial directed coherence for α, β, γ frequency band. Furthermore, topological parameters (clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and et al.) were computed based on graph theory. The correlation between network metrics and clinical symptom was also examined. Depressive patients had a significantly weaker value of partial directed coherence at alpha frequency band in eyes-closed state. Clustering coefficient and characteristic path length were significantly lower in depressive patients (both p < .01). More importantly, in depressive patients, disruption of directed connectivity was noted in left-to-left (p < .05), right-to-left (p < .01) hemispheres and frontal-to-central (p < .01), parietal-to-central (p < .05), occipital-to-central (p < .05) regions. Furthermore, connectivity in LL and RL hemispheres was negatively correlated with depression scale scores (both p < .05). Depressive patients showed a more randomized network structure, disturbed directed interaction of left-to-left, right-to-left hemispheric information and between different cerebral regions. Specifically, left-to-left, right-to-left hemispheric connectivity was negatively correlated with the severity of depression. Our analysis may serve as a potential neuromarker of depression.
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Iliopoulos AC, Papasotiriou I. Functional Complex Networks Based on Operational Architectonics: Application on Electroencephalography-Brain-computer Interface for Imagined Speech. Neuroscience 2021; 484:98-118. [PMID: 34871742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new method for analyzing brain complex dynamics and states is presented. This method constructs functional brain graphs and is comprised of two pylons: (a) Operational architectonics (OA) concept of brain and mind functioning. (b) Network neuroscience. In particular, the algorithm utilizes OA framework for a non-parametric segmentation of EEGs, which leads to the identification of change points, namely abrupt jumps in EEG amplitude, called Rapid Transition Processes (RTPs). Subsequently, the time coordinates of RTPs are used for the generation of undirected weighted complex networks fulfilling a scale-free topology criterion, from which various network metrics of brain connectivity are estimated. These metrics form feature vectors, which can be used in machine learning algorithms for classification and/or prediction. The method is tested in classification problems on an EEG-based BCI data set, acquired from individuals during imagery pronunciation tasks of various words/vowels. The classification results, based on a Naïve Bayes classifier, show that the overall accuracies were found to be above chance level in all tested cases. This method was also compared with other state-of-the-art computational approaches commonly used for functional network generation, exhibiting competitive performance. The method can be useful to neuroscientists wishing to enhance their repository of brain research algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Iliopoulos
- Research Genetic Cancer Centre S.A. Industrial Area of Florina, 53100 Florina, Greece
| | - I Papasotiriou
- Research Genetic Cancer Centre International GmbH, Zug 6300, Switzerland.
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Trinkle S, Foxley S, Wildenberg G, Kasthuri N, La Rivière P. The role of spatial embedding in mouse brain networks constructed from diffusion tractography and tracer injections. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118576. [PMID: 34520833 PMCID: PMC8611903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion MRI tractography is the only noninvasive method to measure the structural connectome in humans. However, recent validation studies have revealed limitations of modern tractography approaches, which lead to significant mistracking caused in part by local uncertainties in fiber orientations that accumulate to produce larger errors for longer streamlines. Characterizing the role of this length bias in tractography is complicated by the true underlying contribution of spatial embedding to brain topology. In this work, we compare graphs constructed with ex vivo tractography data in mice and neural tracer data from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas to random geometric surrogate graphs which preserve the low-order distance effects from each modality in order to quantify the role of geometry in various network properties. We find that geometry plays a substantially larger role in determining the topology of graphs produced by tractography than graphs produced by tracers. Tractography underestimates weights at long distances compared to neural tracers, which leads tractography to place network hubs close to the geometric center of the brain, as do corresponding tractography-derived random geometric surrogates, while tracer graphs place hubs further into peripheral areas of the cortex. We also explore the role of spatial embedding in modular structure, network efficiency and other topological measures in both modalities. Throughout, we compare the use of two different tractography streamline node assignment strategies and find that the overall differences between tractography approaches are small relative to the differences between tractography- and tracer-derived graphs. These analyses help quantify geometric biases inherent to tractography and promote the use of geometric benchmarking in future tractography validation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Trinkle
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sean Foxley
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregg Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Altered Structural Covariance of Insula, Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Somatic Symptom Levels in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121580. [PMID: 34942882 PMCID: PMC8699158 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatization, defined as the presence of multiple somatic symptoms, frequently occurs in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and may constitute the clinical manifestation of a neurobiological sensitization process. Brain imaging data was acquired with T1 weighted 3 tesla MRI, and gray matter morphometry were analyzed using FreeSurfer. We investigated differences in networks of structural covariance, based on graph analysis, between regional gray matter volumes in IBS-related brain regions between IBS patients with high and low somatization levels, and compared them to healthy controls (HCs). When comparing IBS low somatization (N = 31), IBS high somatization (N = 35), and HCs (N = 31), we found: (1) higher centrality and neighbourhood connectivity of prefrontal cortex subregions in IBS high somatization compared to healthy controls; (2) higher centrality of left cerebellum in IBS low somatization compared to both IBS high somatization and healthy controls; (3) higher centrality of the anterior insula in healthy controls compared to both IBS groups, and in IBS low compared to IBS high somatization. The altered structural covariance of prefrontal cortex and anterior insula in IBS high somatization implicates that prefrontal processes may be more important than insular in the neurobiological sensitization process associated with IBS high somatization.
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29
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Arefin TM, Lee CH, White JD, Zhang J, Kaffman A. Macroscopic Structural and Connectome Mapping of the Mouse Brain Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4221. [PMID: 34909442 PMCID: PMC8635841 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational work in rodents elucidates basic mechanisms that drive complex behaviors relevant to psychiatric and neurological conditions. Nonetheless, numerous promising studies in rodents later fail in clinical trials, highlighting the need for improving the translational utility of preclinical studies in rodents. Imaging of small rodents provides an important strategy to address this challenge, as it enables a whole-brain unbiased search for structural and dynamic changes that can be directly compared to human imaging. The functional significance of structural changes identified using imaging can then be further investigated using molecular and genetic tools available for the mouse. Here, we describe a pipeline for unbiased search and characterization of structural changes and network properties, based on diffusion MRI data covering the entire mouse brain at an isotropic resolution of 100 µm. We first used unbiased whole-brain voxel-based analyses to identify volumetric and microstructural alterations in the brain of adult mice exposed to unpredictable postnatal stress (UPS), which is a mouse model of complex early life stress (ELS). Brain regions showing structural abnormalities were used as nodes to generate a grid for assessing structural connectivity and network properties based on graph theory. The technique described here can be broadly applied to understand brain connectivity in other mouse models of human disorders, as well as in genetically modified mouse strains. Graphic abstract: Pipeline for characterizing structural connectome in the mouse brain using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzil Mahmud Arefin
- Bernard Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Choong Heon Lee
- Bernard Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jordon D. White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Bernard Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Arie Kaffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Winters DE, Sakai JT, Carter RM. Resting-state network topology characterizing callous-unemotional traits in adolescence. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 32:102878. [PMID: 34911187 PMCID: PMC8604808 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, a youth antisocial phenotype, are hypothesized to associate with aberrant connectivity (dis-integration) across the salience (SAL), default mode (DMN), and frontoparietal (FPN) networks. However, CU traits have a heterogeneous presentation and previous research has not modeled individual heterogeneity in resting-state connectivity amongst adolescents with CU traits. The present study models individual-specific network maps and examines topological features of individual and subgroup maps in relation to CU traits. METHODS Participants aged 13-17 (n = 84, male = 55%, female = 45%) completed resting-state functional connectivity and the inventory of callous-unemotional traits as part of the Nathan Klein Rockland study. A sparse network approach (GIMME) was used to derive individual-level and subgroup maps of all participants. We then examined heterogeneous network features, including positive and negative connection density, associated with CU traits. RESULTS Higher rates of CU traits increased probability of inclusion in one subgroup, which had the highest mean level of CU traits. Analysis of network features reveals less density (positive and negative) within the FPN and greater density between DMN-FPN associated with CU traits. DISCUSSION Findings indicate heterogeneous person-specific connections and some subgroup connections amongst adolescents associate with CU traits. Higher CU traits associate with lower density in the FPN, which has been associated with attention and inhibition, and higher density between the DMN-FPN, which have been linked with cognitive control, social working memory, and empathy. Our findings suggest less efficiency in FPN function which, when considered mechanistically, could result in difficulty suppressing DMN when task positive networks are engaged. This is an area for further exploration but could explain cognitive and socio-affective impairments in CU traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew E Winters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Joseph T Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R McKell Carter
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Kesler SR, Tang T, Henneghan AM, Wright M, Gaber MW, Palesh O. Cross-Sectional Characterization of Local Brain Network Connectivity Pre and Post Breast Cancer Treatment and Distinct Association With Subjective Cognitive and Psychological Function. Front Neurol 2021; 12:746493. [PMID: 34777216 PMCID: PMC8586413 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.746493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to characterize local brain network connectivity in long-term breast cancer survivors compared to newly diagnosed patients. Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and subjective cognitive and psychological function data were obtained from a group of 76 newly diagnosed, pre-treatment female patients with breast cancer (mean age 57 ± 7 years) and a separate group of 80, post-treatment, female breast cancer survivors (mean age 58 ± 8; mean time since treatment 44 ± 43 months). The network-based statistic (NBS) was used to compare connectivity of local brain edges between groups. Hubs were defined as nodes with connectivity indices one standard deviation or more above network mean and were further classified as provincial (higher intra-subnetwork connectivity) or connector (higher inter-subnetwork connectivity) using the participation coefficient. We determined the hub status of nodes encompassing significantly different edges and correlated the centralities of edges with behavioral measures. Results: The post-treatment group demonstrated significantly lower subjective cognitive function (W = 3,856, p = 0.004) but there were no group differences in psychological distress (W = 2,866, p = 0.627). NBS indicated significantly altered connectivity (p < 0.042, corrected) in the post-treatment group compared to the pre-treatment group largely in temporal, frontal-temporal and temporal-parietal areas. The majority of the regions projecting these connections (78%) met criteria for hub status and significantly less of these hubs were connectors in the post-treatment group (z = 1.85, p = 0.031). Subjective cognitive function and psychological distress were correlated with largely non-overlapping edges in the post-treatment group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Widespread functional network alterations are evident in long-term survivors of breast cancer compared to newly diagnosed patients. We also demonstrated that there are both overlapping and unique brain network signatures for subjective cognitive function vs. psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli R. Kesler
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Tien Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Michelle Wright
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - M. Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Oxana Palesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Yáñez J, Folgueira M, Lamas I, Anadón R. The organization of the zebrafish pallium from a hodological perspective. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1164-1194. [PMID: 34697803 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the connections (connectome) of the adult zebrafish pallium using carbocyanine dye tracing and ancillary anatomical methods. The everted zebrafish pallium (dorsal telencephalic area, D) is composed of several major zones (medial, lateral, dorsal, central, anterior, and posterior) distinguishable by their topography, cytoarchitecture, immunohistochemistry, and genoarchitecture. Our comprehensive study reveals poor interconnectivity between these pallial areas, especially between medial (Dm), lateral/dorsal (Dl, Dd), and posterior (Dp) regions. This suggests that the zebrafish pallium has dedicated modules for different neural processes. Pallial connections with extrapallial regions also show compartmental organization. Major extratelencephalic afferents come from preglomerular nuclei (to Dl, Dd, and Dm), posterior tuberal nucleus (to Dm), and lateral recess nucleus (to Dl). The subpallial (ventral, V) zones dorsal Vv, Vd, and Vs, considered homologues of the striatum, amygdala, and pallidum, are mainly afferent to Dl/Dd and Dp. Regarding the efferent pathways, they also appear characteristic of each pallial region. Rostral Dm projects to the dorsal entopeduncular nucleus. Dp is interconnected with the olfactory bulbs. The central region (Dc) defined here receives mainly projections from Dl-Dd and projects toward the pretectum and optic tectum, connections, which help to delimiting Dc. The connectome of the adult pallium revealed here complements extant studies on the neuroanatomical organization of the brain, and may be useful for neurogenetic studies performed during early stages of development. The connectome of the zebrafish pallium was also compared with the pallial connections reported in other teleosts, a large group showing high pallial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Ibán Lamas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Safari A, Moretti P, Diez I, Cortes JM, Muñoz MA. Persistence of hierarchical network organization and emergent topologies in models of functional connectivity. Neurocomputing 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2021.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Phillips NS, Rao V, Kmetz L, Vela R, Medick S, Krull K, Kesler SR. Changes in Brain Functional and Effective Connectivity After Treatment for Breast Cancer and Implications for Intervention Targets. Brain Connect 2021; 12:385-397. [PMID: 34210168 PMCID: PMC9131353 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with breast cancer frequently report cognitive impairment both during and after completion of therapy. Evidence suggests that cancer-related cognitive impairments are related to widespread neural network dysfunction. The default mode network (DMN) is a large conserved network that plays a critical role in integrating the functions of various neural systems. Disruption of the network may play a key role in the development of cognitive impairment. Methods: We compared neuroimaging and neurocognitive data from 43 newly diagnosed primary breast cancer patients (mean age = 48, standard deviation [SD] = 8.9 years) and 50 frequency-matched healthy female controls (mean age = 50, SD = 10 years) before treatment and 1 year after treatment completion. Functional and effective connectivity measures of the DMN were obtained using graph theory and Bayesian network analysis methods, respectively. Results: Compared with healthy females, the breast cancer group displayed higher global efficiency and path length post-treatment (p < 0.03, corrected). Breast cancer survivors showed significantly lower performance on measures of verbal memory, attention, and verbal fluency (p < 0.05) at both time points. Within the DMN, local brain network organization, as measured by edge-betweenness centralities, was significantly altered in the breast cancer group compared with controls at both time points (p < 0.0001, corrected), with several connections showing a significant group-by-time effect (p < 0.003, corrected). Effective connectivity demonstrated significantly altered patterns of neuronal coupling in patients with breast cancer (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were seen between hormone blockade therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy cycles, memory, and verbal fluency test and edge-betweenness centralities. Discussion: This pattern of altered network organization in the default mode is believed to result in reduced network efficiency and disrupted communication. Subregions of the DMN, the orbital prefrontal cortex and posterior memory network, appear to be at the center of this disruption and this could inform future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Phillips
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vikram Rao
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lorie Kmetz
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ruben Vela
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell School of Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah Medick
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shelli R Kesler
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell School of Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Center for Computational Oncology, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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35
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Gao Y, Cao Z, Liu J, Zhang J. A novel dynamic brain network in arousal for brain states and emotion analysis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:7440-7463. [PMID: 34814257 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain network can be well used in emotion analysis to analyze the brain state of subjects. A novel dynamic brain network in arousal is proposed to analyze brain states and emotion with Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. New Method: Time factors is integrated to construct a dynamic brain network under high and low arousal conditions. The transfer entropy is adopted in the dynamic brain network. In order to ensure the authenticity of dynamics and connections, surrogate data are used for testing and analysis. Channel norm information features are proposed to optimize the data and evaluate the level of activity of the brain. RESULTS The frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and parietal lobe provide the most information about emotion arousal. The corresponding stimulation state is not maintained at all times. The number of active brain networks under high arousal conditions is generally higher than those under low arousal conditions. More consecutive networks show high activity under high arousal conditions among these active brain networks. The results of the significance analysis of the features indicates that there is a significant difference between high and low arousal. Comparison with Existing Method(s): Compared with traditional methods, the method proposed in this paper can analyze the changes of subjects' brain state over time in more detail. The proposed features can be used to quantify the brain network for accurate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The proposed dynamic brain network bridges the research gaps in lacking time resolution and arousal conditions in emotion analysis. We can clearly get the dynamic changes of the overall and local details of the brain under high and low arousal conditions. Furthermore, the active segments and brain regions of the subjects were quantified and evaluated by channel norm information.This method can be used to realize the feature extraction and dynamic analysis of the arousal dimension of emotional EEG, further explore the emotional dimension model, and also play an auxiliary role in emotional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyuan Gao
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Chen X, Necus J, Peraza LR, Mehraram R, Wang Y, O'Brien JT, Blamire A, Kaiser M, Taylor JP. The functional brain favours segregated modular connectivity at old age unless affected by neurodegeneration. Commun Biol 2021; 4:973. [PMID: 34400752 PMCID: PMC8367990 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain's modular connectivity gives this organ resilience and adaptability. The ageing process alters the organised modularity of the brain and these changes are further accentuated by neurodegeneration, leading to disorganisation. To understand this further, we analysed modular variability-heterogeneity of modules-and modular dissociation-detachment from segregated connectivity-in two ageing cohorts and a mixed cohort of neurodegenerative diseases. Our results revealed that the brain follows a universal pattern of high modular variability in metacognitive brain regions: the association cortices. The brain in ageing moves towards a segregated modular structure despite presenting with increased modular heterogeneity-modules in older adults are not only segregated, but their shape and size are more variable than in young adults. In the presence of neurodegeneration, the brain maintains its segregated connectivity globally but not locally, and this is particularly visible in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia; overall, the modular brain shows patterns of differentiated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China.
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Joe Necus
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
- University of Nottingham, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Luis R Peraza
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- IXICO Plc, London, UK
| | - Ramtin Mehraram
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Experimental Oto-rhino-laryngology (ExpORL) Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Blamire
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Kaiser
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- University of Nottingham, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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37
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Wright LM, De Marco M, Venneri A. A Graph Theory Approach to Clarifying Aging and Disease Related Changes in Cognitive Networks. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:676618. [PMID: 34322008 PMCID: PMC8311855 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.676618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with the physiological networks that underlie it, human cognition is characterized by both the segregation and interdependence of a number of cognitive domains. Cognition itself, therefore, can be conceptualized as a network of functions. A network approach to cognition has previously revealed topological differences in cognitive profiles between healthy and disease populations. The present study, therefore, used graph theory to determine variation in cognitive profiles across healthy aging and cognitive impairment. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was administered to 415 participants. This included three groups of healthy adults aged 18-39 (n = 75), 40-64 (n = 75), and 65 and over (n = 70) and three patient groups with either amnestic (n = 75) or non-amnestic (n = 60) mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's type dementia (n = 60). For each group, cognitive networks were created reflective of test-to-test covariance, in which nodes represented cognitive tests and edges reflected statistical inter-nodal significance (p < 0.05). Network metrics were derived using the Brain Connectivity Toolbox. Network-wide clustering, local efficiency and global efficiency of nodes showed linear differences across the stages of aging, being significantly higher among older adults when compared with younger groups. Among patients, these metrics were significantly higher again when compared with healthy older controls. Conversely, average betweenness centralities were highest in middle-aged participants and lower among older adults and patients. In particular, compared with controls, patients demonstrated a distinct lack of centrality in the domains of semantic processing and abstract reasoning. Network composition in the amnestic mild cognitive impairment group was similar to the network of Alzheimer's dementia patients. Using graph theoretical methods, this study demonstrates that the composition of cognitive networks may be measurably altered by the aging process and differentially impacted by pathological cognitive impairment. Network alterations characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in particular may occur early and be distinct from alterations associated with differing types of cognitive impairment. A shift in centrality between domains may be particularly relevant in identifying cognitive profiles indicative of underlying disease. Such techniques may contribute to the future development of more sophisticated diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo De Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Aue T, Dricu M, Singh L, Moser DA, Raviteja K. Enhanced Sensitivity to Optimistic Cues is Manifested in Brain Structure: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:1170-1181. [PMID: 34128051 PMCID: PMC8599192 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that congruent outcomes are more rapidly (and incongruent less rapidly) detected when individuals receive optimistic rather than pessimistic cues, an effect that was termed optimism robustness. In the current voxel-based morphometry study, we examined whether optimism robustness has a counterpart in brain structure. The participants' task was to detect two different letters (symbolizing monetary gain or loss) in a visual search matrix. Prior to each onset of the search matrix, two different verbal cues informed our participants about a high probability to gain (optimistic expectancy) or lose (pessimistic expectancy) money. The target presented was either congruent or incongruent with these induced expectancies. Optimism robustness revealed in the participants' reaction times correlated positively with gray matter volume (GMV) in brain regions involved in selective attention (medial visual association area, intraparietal sulcus), emphasizing the strong intertwinement of optimistic expectancies and attention deployment. In addition, GMV in the primary visual cortex diminished with increasing optimism robustness, in line with the interpretation of optimism robustness arising from a global, context-oriented perception. Future studies should address the malleability of these structural correlates of optimism robustness. Our results may assist in the identification of treatment targets in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Aue
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mihai Dricu
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Singh
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik A Moser
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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39
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Chen X, Wang Y, Kopetzky SJ, Butz-Ostendorf M, Kaiser M. Connectivity within regions characterizes epilepsy duration and treatment outcome. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3777-3791. [PMID: 33973688 PMCID: PMC8288103 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding clear connectome biomarkers for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, in particular at early disease stages, remains a challenge. Currently, the whole-brain structural connectomes are analyzed based on coarse parcellations (up to 1,000 nodes). However, such global parcellation-based connectomes may be unsuitable for detecting more localized changes in patients. Here, we use a high-resolution network (~50,000-nodes overall) to identify changes at the local level (within brain regions) and test its relation with duration and surgical outcome. Patients with TLE (n = 33) and age-, sex-matched healthy subjects (n = 36) underwent high-resolution (~50,000 nodes) structural network construction based on deterministic tracking of diffusion tensor imaging. Nodes were allocated to 68 cortical regions according to the Desikan-Killany atlas. The connectivity within regions was then used to predict surgical outcome. MRI processing, network reconstruction, and visualization of network changes were integrated into the NICARA (https://nicara.eu). Lower clustering coefficient and higher edge density were found for local connectivity within regions in patients, but were absent for the global network between regions (68 cortical regions). Local connectivity changes, in terms of the number of changed regions and the magnitude of changes, increased with disease duration. Local connectivity yielded a better surgical outcome prediction (Mean value: 95.39% accuracy, 92.76% sensitivity, and 100% specificity) than global connectivity. Connectivity within regions, compared to structural connectivity between brain regions, can be a more efficient biomarker for epilepsy assessment and surgery outcome prediction of medically intractable TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China.,School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Sebastian J Kopetzky
- Biomax Informatics AG, Brain Science, Planegg, Germany.,TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Kaiser
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Smith HB, Kim H, Walker SI. Scarcity of scale-free topology is universal across biochemical networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6542. [PMID: 33753807 PMCID: PMC7985396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical reactions underlie the functioning of all life. Like many examples of biology or technology, the complex set of interactions among molecules within cells and ecosystems poses a challenge for quantification within simple mathematical objects. A large body of research has indicated many real-world biological and technological systems, including biochemistry, can be described by power-law relationships between the numbers of nodes and edges, often described as "scale-free". Recently, new statistical analyses have revealed true scale-free networks are rare. We provide a first application of these methods to data sampled from across two distinct levels of biological organization: individuals and ecosystems. We analyze a large ensemble of biochemical networks including networks generated from data of 785 metagenomes and 1082 genomes (sampled from the three domains of life). The results confirm no more than a few biochemical networks are any more than super-weakly scale-free. Additionally, we test the distinguishability of individual and ecosystem-level biochemical networks and show there is no sharp transition in the structure of biochemical networks across these levels of organization moving from individuals to ecosystems. This result holds across different network projections. Our results indicate that while biochemical networks are not scale-free, they nonetheless exhibit common structure across different levels of organization, independent of the projection chosen, suggestive of shared organizing principles across all biochemical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison B. Smith
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105Present Address: Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hyunju Kim
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636ASU-SFI Center for Biosocial Complex Systems, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Sara I. Walker
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636ASU-SFI Center for Biosocial Complex Systems, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.209665.e0000 0001 1941 1940Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM USA
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41
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Castelluzzo M, Perinelli A, Tabarelli D, Ricci L. Dependence of Connectivity on the Logarithm of Geometric Distance in Brain Networks. Front Physiol 2021; 11:611125. [PMID: 33633576 PMCID: PMC7901889 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.611125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical connections between nodes in a complex network are constrained by limiting factors, such as the cost of establishing links and maintaining them, which can hinder network capability in terms of signal propagation speed and processing power. Trade-off mechanisms between cost constraints and performance requirements are reflected in the topology of a network and, ultimately, on the dependence of connectivity on geometric distance. This issue, though rarely addressed, is crucial in neuroscience, where physical links between brain regions are associated with a metabolic cost. In this work we investigate brain connectivity-estimated by means of a recently developed method that evaluates time scales of cross-correlation observability-and its dependence on geometric distance by analyzing resting state magnetoencephalographic recordings collected from a large set of healthy subjects. We identify three regimes of distance each showing a specific behavior of connectivity. This identification makes up a new tool to study the mechanisms underlying network formation and sustainment, with possible applications to the investigation of neuroscientific issues, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Tabarelli
- CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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42
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Park SM, Jung HY. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia biofeedback alters heart rate variability and default mode network connectivity in major depressive disorder: A preliminary study. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 158:225-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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White JD, Arefin TM, Pugliese A, Lee CH, Gassen J, Zhang J, Kaffman A. Early life stress causes sex-specific changes in adult fronto-limbic connectivity that differentially drive learning. eLife 2020; 9:58301. [PMID: 33259286 PMCID: PMC7725504 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear whether early life stress (ELS) affects males and females differently. However, a growing body of work has shown that sex moderates responses to stress and injury, with important insights into sex-specific mechanisms provided by work in rodents. Unfortunately, most of the ELS studies in rodents were conducted only in males, a bias that is particularly notable in translational work that has used human imaging. Here we examine the effects of unpredictable postnatal stress (UPS), a mouse model of complex ELS, using high resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. We show that UPS induces several neuroanatomical alterations that were seen in both sexes and resemble those reported in humans. In contrast, exposure to UPS induced fronto-limbic hyper-connectivity in males, but either no change or hypoconnectivity in females. Moderated-mediation analysis found that these sex-specific changes are likely to alter contextual freezing behavior in males but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon D White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Tanzil M Arefin
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Alexa Pugliese
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Choong H Lee
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jeff Gassen
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, United States
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Arie Kaffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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44
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Ní Bhroin M, Abo Seada S, Bonthrone AF, Kelly CJ, Christiaens D, Schuh A, Pietsch M, Hutter J, Tournier JD, Cordero-Grande L, Rueckert D, Hajnal JV, Pushparajah K, Simpson J, Edwards AD, Rutherford MA, Counsell SJ, Batalle D. Reduced structural connectivity in cortico-striatal-thalamic network in neonates with congenital heart disease. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102423. [PMID: 32987301 PMCID: PMC7520425 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired brain development has been observed in newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD). We performed graph theoretical analyses and network-based statistics (NBS) to assess global brain network topology and identify subnetworks of altered connectivity in infants with CHD prior to cardiac surgery. Fifty-eight infants with critical/serious CHD prior to surgery and 116 matched healthy controls as part of the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) underwent MRI on a 3T system and high angular resolution diffusion MRI (HARDI) was obtained. Multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution, anatomically constrained probabilistic tractography (ACT) and spherical-deconvolution informed filtering of tractograms (SIFT2) was used to construct weighted structural networks. Network topology was assessed and NBS was used to identify structural connectivity differences between CHD and control groups. Structural networks were partitioned into core and peripheral nodes, and edges classed as core, peripheral, or feeder. NBS identified one subnetwork with reduced structural connectivity in CHD infants involving basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, vermis, and temporal and parieto-occipital lobe, primarily affecting core nodes and edges. However, we did not find significantly different global network characteristics in CHD neonates. This locally affected sub-network with reduced connectivity could explain, at least in part, the neurodevelopmental impairments associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ní Bhroin
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samy Abo Seada
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra F Bonthrone
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Kelly
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daan Christiaens
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT/PSI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Schuh
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maximilian Pietsch
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J-Donald Tournier
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucillio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid & CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kuberan Pushparajah
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, UK
| | - John Simpson
- Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Connections that characterize callousness: Affective features of psychopathy are associated with personalized patterns of resting-state network connectivity. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102402. [PMID: 32891038 PMCID: PMC7479442 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There was significant heterogeneity in participants’ neural networks. Psychopathy associated with default mode-central executive network connectivity. Associations were specific to affective psychopathic traits.
Background Psychopathic traits are hypothesized to be associated with dysfunction across three resting-state networks: the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), and central executive (CEN). Past work has not considered heterogeneity in the neural networks of individuals who display psychopathic traits, which is likely critical in understanding the etiology of psychopathy and could underlie different symptom presentations. Thus, this study maps person-specific resting state networks and links connectivity patterns to features of psychopathy. Methods We examined resting-state functional connectivity among eight regions of interest in the DMN, SN, and CEN using a person-specific, sparse network mapping approach (Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation) in a community sample of 22-year-old men from low-income, urban families (N = 123). Associations were examined between a dimensional measure of psychopathic traits and network density (i.e., number of connections within and between networks). Results There was significant heterogeneity in neural networks of participants, which were characterized by person-specific connections and no common connections across the sample. Psychopathic traits, particularly affective traits, were associated with connection density between the DMN and CEN, such that greater density was associated with elevated psychopathic traits. Discussion Findings emphasize that neural networks underlying psychopathy are highly individualized. However, individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits had increased density in connections between the DMN and CEN, networks that have been linked with self-referential thinking and executive functioning. Taken together, the results highlight the utility of person-specific approaches in modeling neural networks underlying psychopathic traits, which could ultimately inform personalized prevention and intervention strategies.
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Kim DJ, Min BK. Rich-club in the brain's macrostructure: Insights from graph theoretical analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1761-1773. [PMID: 32695269 PMCID: PMC7355726 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a complex network. Growing evidence supports the critical roles of a set of brain regions within the brain network, known as the brain’s cores or hubs. These regions require high energy cost but possess highly efficient neural information transfer in the brain’s network and are termed the rich-club. The rich-club of the brain network is essential as it directly regulates functional integration across multiple segregated regions and helps to optimize cognitive processes. Here, we review the recent advances in rich-club organization to address the fundamental roles of the rich-club in the brain and discuss how these core brain regions affect brain development and disorders. We describe the concepts of the rich-club behind network construction in the brain using graph theoretical analysis. We also highlight novel insights based on animal studies related to the rich-club and illustrate how human studies using neuroimaging techniques for brain development and psychiatric/neurological disorders may be relevant to the rich-club phenomenon in the brain network.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- ASD, autism spectrum disorder
- BD, bipolar disorder
- Brain connectivity
- Brain network
- DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
- EEG, electroencephalography
- Graph theory
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- MEG, magnetoencephalography
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Neuroimaging
- Rich-club
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Byoung-Kyong Min
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Pallast N, Wieters F, Nill M, Fink GR, Aswendt M. Graph theoretical quantification of white matter reorganization after cortical stroke in mice. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116873. [PMID: 32380139 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease leading to cell death and disconnection between neurons both locally and remote, often resulting in severe long-term disability. Spontaneous reorganization of areas and pathways not primarily affected by ischemia is, however, associated with albeit limited recovery of function. Quantitative mapping of whole-brain changes of structural connectivity concerning the ischemia-induced sensorimotor deficit and recovery thereof would help to target structural plasticity in order to improve rehabilitation. Currently, only in vivo diffusion MRI can extract the structural whole-brain connectome noninvasively. This approach is, however, used primarily in human studies. Here, we applied atlas-based MRI analysis and graph theory to DTI in wild-type mice with cortical stroke lesions. Using a DTI network approach and graph theory, we aimed at gaining insights into the dynamics of the spontaneous reorganization after stroke related to the recovery of function. We found evidence for altered structural integrity of connections of specific brain regions, including the breakdown of connections between brain regions directly affected by stroke as well as long-range rerouting of intra- and transhemispheric connections related to improved sensorimotor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Pallast
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany
| | - Frederique Wieters
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany
| | - Marieke Nill
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Germany.
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Makhtar SN, Senik MH, Stevenson CW, Mason R, Halliday DM. Improved functional connectivity network estimation for brain networks using multivariate partial coherence. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026013. [PMID: 32103827 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab7a50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graphical networks and network metrics are widely used to understand and characterise brain networks and brain function. These methods can be applied to a range of electrophysiological data including electroencephalography, local field potential and single unit recordings. Functional networks are often constructed using pair-wise correlation between variables. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that functional networks can be more accurately estimated using partial correlation than with pair-wise correlation. APPROACH We compared network metrics derived from unconditional and conditional graphical networks, obtained using coherence and multivariate partial coherence (MVPC), respectively. Graphical networks were constructed using coherence and MVPC estimates, and binary and weighted network metrics derived from these: node degree, path length, clustering coefficients and small-world index. MAIN RESULTS Network metrics were applied to simulated and experimental single unit spike train data. Simulated data used a 10x10 grid of simulated cortical neurons with centre-surround connectivity. Conditional network metrics gave a more accurate representation of the known connectivity: Numbers of excitatory connections had range 3-11, unconditional binary node degree had range 6-80, conditional node degree had range 2-13. Experimental data used multi-electrode array recording with 19 single-units from left and right hippocampal brain areas in a rat model for epilepsy. Conditional network analysis showed similar trends to simulated data, with lower binary node degree and longer binary path lengths compared to unconditional networks. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that conditional networks, where common dependencies are removed through partial coherence analysis, give a more accurate representation of the interactions in a graphical network model. These results have important implications for graphical network analyses of brain networks and suggest that functional networks should be derived using partial correlation, based on MVPC estimates, as opposed to the common approach of pair-wise correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N Makhtar
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Wills P, Meyer FG. Metrics for graph comparison: A practitioner's guide. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228728. [PMID: 32050004 PMCID: PMC7015405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of graph structure is a ubiquitous task in data analysis and machine learning, with diverse applications in fields such as neuroscience, cyber security, social network analysis, and bioinformatics, among others. Discovery and comparison of structures such as modular communities, rich clubs, hubs, and trees yield insight into the generative mechanisms and functional properties of the graph. Often, two graphs are compared via a pairwise distance measure, with a small distance indicating structural similarity and vice versa. Common choices include spectral distances and distances based on node affinities. However, there has of yet been no comparative study of the efficacy of these distance measures in discerning between common graph topologies at different structural scales. In this work, we compare commonly used graph metrics and distance measures, and demonstrate their ability to discern between common topological features found in both random graph models and real world networks. We put forward a multi-scale picture of graph structure wherein we study the effect of global and local structures on changes in distance measures. We make recommendations on the applicability of different distance measures to the analysis of empirical graph data based on this multi-scale view. Finally, we introduce the Python library NetComp that implements the graph distances used in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wills
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - François G. Meyer
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
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Lloyd D. The Musical Structure of Time in the Brain: Repetition, Rhythm, and Harmony in fMRI During Rest and Passive Movie Viewing. Front Comput Neurosci 2020; 13:98. [PMID: 32038214 PMCID: PMC6985279 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Space generally overshadows time in the construction of theories in cognitive neuroscience. In this paper, we pivot from the spatial axes to the temporal, analyzing fMRI image series to reveal structures in time rather than space. To determine affinities among global brain patterns at different times, core concepts in network analysis (derived from graph theory) were applied temporally, as relations among brain images at every time point during an fMRI scanning epoch. To explore the temporal structures observed through this adaptation of network analysis, data from 180 subjects in the Human Connectome Project were examined, during two experimental conditions: passive movie viewing and rest. The temporal brain, like the spatial brain, exhibits a modular structure, where "modules" are intermittent (distributed in time). These temporal entities are here referred to as themes. Short sequences of themes - motifs - were studied in sequences from 4 to 11 s in length. Many motifs repeated at constant intervals, and are therefore rhythmic; rhythms, converted to frequencies, were often harmonic. We speculate that the structure and interaction of these global oscillations underwrites the capacity to experience and navigate a world which is both recognizably stable and noticeably changing at every moment - a temporal world. In its temporal structure, this brain-constituted world resembles music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lloyd
- Department of Philosophy and Program in Neuroscience, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, United States
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