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Yu P, Dong R, Wang X, Tang Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhao L. Neuroimaging of motor recovery after ischemic stroke - functional reorganization of motor network. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103636. [PMID: 38950504 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The long-term motor outcome of acute stroke patients may be correlated to the reorganization of brain motor network. Abundant neuroimaging studies contribute to understand the pathological changes and recovery of motor networks after stroke. In this review, we summarized how current neuroimaging studies have increased understanding of reorganization and plasticity in post stroke motor recovery. Firstly, we discussed the changes in the motor network over time during the motor-activation and resting states, as well as the overall functional integration trend of the motor network. These studies indicate that the motor network undergoes dynamic bilateral hemispheric functional reorganization, as well as a trend towards network randomization. In the second part, we summarized the current study progress in the application of neuroimaging technology to early predict the post-stroke motor outcome. In the third part, we discuss the neuroimaging techniques commonly used in the post-stroke recovery. These methods provide direct or indirect visualization patterns to understand the neural mechanisms of post-stroke motor recovery, opening up new avenues for studying spontaneous and treatment-induced recovery and plasticity after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruoyu Dong
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaning Liu
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Wilkerson GB, Lansey JC, Noblett CN, Sarris CE. Test-Retest Reliability of Immersive Virtual Reality Measures of Perceptual-Motor Performance. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2484-2504. [PMID: 37776022 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231205322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The duration, accuracy, and consistency of responses to various types of stimuli are widely accepted as indirect indicators of the efficiency of brain information processing, but current clinical tests appear to lack sufficient sensitivity to detect subtle impairments. Immersive virtual reality (VR) offers a new means to acquire measures of perceptual-motor responses to moving visual stimuli that require rapid conflict resolution, but their test-retest reliability has not yet been demonstrated. Repeated measures. We analyzed data from 19 healthy young adults who performed a 40-trial VR test on three consecutive days. We focused on response time (RT) and perceptual latency (PL) for eye, neck, arm, and whole-body step displacements involved in executing a reaching/lunging movement in a right or left direction toward a peripherally located virtual target. Measures of RT and PL included a 40-trial mean, an intra-individual variability (IIV) value, and a rate correct score (RCS) that incorporated both response duration and accuracy. Most mean and IIV values for PL and RT demonstrated a positive distributional skew that was substantially reduced by natural logarithm transformation. While a learning effect was evident between sessions 1 and 2 for 7 of 8 mean PL and RT measures, 3-session intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were moderate to excellent for 15 of 16 transformed PL and RT measures (range: .618 to .922). The composite RCS metric did not require transformation for either PL or RT, whose respective 3-session ICC values were .877 and .851. This moderate to excellent test-retest reliability for various VR measures of perceptual-motor function, combined with evidence of their validity from both past and future research, suggest that these measures can advance clinical detection of impaired brain processing and longitudinal assessments of potentially modifiable performance deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Wilkerson
- Graduate Athletic Training Program, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | | | - Courtney N Noblett
- Graduate Athletic Training Program, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Caroline E Sarris
- Graduate Athletic Training Program, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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3
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Halliday DWR, Karr JE, Shahnazian D, Gordon I, Sanchez Escudero JP, MacDonald SWS, Macoun SJ, Hundza SR, Garcia-Barrera MA. Electrophysiological variability during tests of executive functioning: A comparison of athletes with and without concussion and sedentary control participants. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37598380 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2247512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sport participation may benefit executive functioning (EF), but EF can also be adversely affected by concussion, which can occur during sport participation. Neural variability is an emerging proxy of brain health that indexes the brain's range of possible responses to incoming stimuli (i.e., dynamic range) and interconnectedness, but has yet to be characterized following concussion among athletes. This study examined whether neural variability was enhanced by athletic participation and attenuated by concussion. METHOD Seventy-seven participants (18-25 years-old) were classified as sedentary controls (n = 33), athletes with positive concussion history (n = 21), or athletes without concussion (n = 23). Participants completed tests of attention switching, response inhibition, and updating working memory while undergoing electroencephalography recordings to index neural variability. RESULTS Compared to sedentary controls and athletes without concussion, athletes with concussion exhibited a restricted whole-brain dynamic range of neural variability when completing a test of inhibitory control. There were no group differences observed for either the switching or working memory tasks. CONCLUSIONS A history of concussion was related to reduced dynamic range of neural activity during a task of response inhibition in young adult athletes. Neural variability may have value for evaluating brain health following concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W R Halliday
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- CORTEX Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Iris Gordon
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- CORTEX Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Stuart W S MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Sarah J Macoun
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Sandra R Hundza
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mauricio A Garcia-Barrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- CORTEX Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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4
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Amalric M, Cantlon JF. Entropy, complexity, and maturity in children’s neural responses to naturalistic video lessons. Cortex 2023; 163:14-25. [PMID: 37037065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Temporal characteristics of neural signals are often overlooked in traditional fMRI developmental studies but are critical to studying brain functions in ecologically valid settings. In the present study, we explore the temporal properties of children's neural responses during naturalistic mathematics and grammar tasks. To do so, we introduce a novel measure in developmental fMRI: neural entropy, which indicates temporal complexity of BOLD signals. We show that temporal patterns of neural activity have lower complexity and greater variability in children than in adults in the association cortex but not in the sensory-motor cortex. We also show that neural entropy is associated with both child-adult similarity in functional connectivity and neural synchrony, and that neural entropy increases with the size of functionally connected networks in the association cortex. In addition, neural entropy increases with functional maturity (i.e., child-adult neural synchrony) in content-specific regions. These exploratory findings suggest the hypothesis that neural entropy indexes the increasing breadth and diversity of neural processes available to children for analyzing mathematical information over development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Amalric
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology, CAOs Laboratory, USA.
| | - Jessica F Cantlon
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology, CAOs Laboratory, USA
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5
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Wilkerson GB, Colston MA, Acocello SN, Hogg JA, Carlson LM. Subtle impairments of perceptual-motor function and well-being are detectable among military cadets and college athletes with self-reported history of concussion. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1046572. [PMID: 36761780 PMCID: PMC9905443 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1046572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A lack of obvious long-term effects of concussion on standard clinical measures of behavioral performance capabilities does not preclude the existence of subtle neural processing impairments that appear to be linked to elevated risk for subsequent concussion occurrence, and which may be associated with greater susceptibility to progressive neurodegenerative processes. The purpose of this observational cohort study was to assess virtual reality motor response variability and survey responses as possible indicators of suboptimal brain function among military cadets and college athletes with self-reported history of concussion (HxC). Methods The cohort comprised 75 college students (20.7 ± 2.1 years): 39 Reserve Officer Training Corp (ROTC) military cadets (10 female), 16 football players, and 20 wrestlers; HxC self-reported by 20 (29.2 ± 27.1 months prior, range: 3-96). A virtual reality (VR) test involving 40 lunging/reaching responses to horizontally moving dots (filled/congruent: same direction; open/incongruent: opposite direction) was administered, along with the Sport Fitness and Wellness Index (SFWI) survey. VR Dispersion (standard deviation of 12 T-scores for neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity responses to congruent vs. incongruent stimuli originating from central vs. peripheral locations) and SFWI response patterns were the primary outcomes of interest. Results Logistic regression modeling of VR Dispersion (range: 1.5-21.8), SFWI (range: 44-100), and an interaction between them provided 81% HxC classification accuracy (Model χ 2[2] = 26.03, p < .001; Hosmer & Lemeshow χ 2[8] = 1.86, p = .967; Nagelkerke R 2 = .427; Area Under Curve = .841, 95% CI: .734, .948). Binary modeling that included VR Dispersion ≥3.2 and SFWI ≤86 demonstrated 75% sensitivity and 86% specificity with both factors positive (Odds Ratio = 17.6, 95% CI: 5.0, 62.1). Discussion/Conclusion Detection of subtle indicators of altered brain processes that might otherwise remain unrecognized is clearly important for both short-term and long-term clinical management of concussion. Inconsistency among neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity responses to different types of moving visual stimuli, along with survey responses suggesting suboptimal well-being, merit further investigation as possible clinical indicators of persisting effects of concussion that might prove to be modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Wilkerson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Marisa A Colston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Shellie N Acocello
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer A Hogg
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Lynette M Carlson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
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Dynamic Recovery: GABA Agonism Restores Neural Variability in Older, Poorer Performing Adults. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9350-9360. [PMID: 34732523 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0335-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive impairment, but there are large individual differences in these declines. One neural measure that is lower in older adults and predicts these individual differences is moment-to-moment brain signal variability. Testing the assumption that GABA should heighten neural variability, we examined whether reduced brain signal variability in older, poorer performing adults could be boosted by increasing GABA pharmacologically. Brain signal variability was estimated using fMRI in 20 young and 24 older healthy human adults during placebo and GABA agonist sessions. As expected, older adults exhibited lower signal variability at placebo, and, crucially, GABA agonism boosted older adults' variability to the levels of young adults. Furthermore, poorer performing older adults experienced a greater increase in variability on drug, suggesting that those with more to gain benefit the most from GABA system potentiation. GABA may thus serve as a core neurochemical target in future work on aging- and cognition-related human brain dynamics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prior research indicates that moment-to-moment brain signal variability is lower in older, poorer performing adults. We found that this reduced brain signal variability could be boosted through GABA agonism in older adults to the levels of young adults and that this boost was largest in the poorer performing older adults. These results provide the first evidence that brain signal variability can be restored by increasing GABAergic activity and suggest the promise of developing interventions targeting inhibitory systems to help slow cognitive declines in healthy aging.
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Fronto-limbic neural variability as a transdiagnostic correlate of emotion dysregulation. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:545. [PMID: 34675186 PMCID: PMC8530999 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is central to the development and maintenance of psychopathology, and is common across many psychiatric disorders. Neurobiological models of emotion dysregulation involve the fronto-limbic brain network, including in particular the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neural variability has recently been suggested as an index of cognitive flexibility. We hypothesized that within-subject neural variability in the fronto-limbic network would be related to inter-individual variation in emotion dysregulation in the context of low affective control. In a multi-site cohort (N = 166, 93 females) of healthy individuals and individuals with emotional dysregulation (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD)), we applied partial least squares (PLS), a multivariate data-driven technique, to derive latent components yielding maximal covariance between blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability at rest and emotion dysregulation, as expressed by affective lability, depression and mania scores. PLS revealed one significant latent component (r = 0.62, p = 0.044), whereby greater emotion dysregulation was associated with increased neural variability in the amygdala, hippocampus, ventromedial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral PFC, insula and motor cortex, and decreased neural variability in occipital regions. This spatial pattern bears a striking resemblance to the fronto-limbic network, which is thought to subserve emotion regulation, and is impaired in individuals with ADHD, BD, and BPD. Our work supports emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic dimension with neurobiological underpinnings that transcend diagnostic boundaries, and adds evidence to neural variability being a relevant proxy of neural efficiency.
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Shen K, McFadden A, McIntosh AR. Signal complexity indicators of health status in clinical EEG. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20192. [PMID: 34642403 PMCID: PMC8511087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain signal variability changes across the lifespan in both health and disease, likely reflecting changes in information processing capacity related to development, aging and neurological disorders. While signal complexity, and multiscale entropy (MSE) in particular, has been proposed as a biomarker for neurological disorders, most observations of altered signal complexity have come from studies comparing patients with few to no comorbidities against healthy controls. In this study, we examined whether MSE of brain signals was distinguishable across patient groups in a large and heterogeneous set of clinical-EEG data. Using a multivariate analysis, we found unique timescale-dependent differences in MSE across various neurological disorders. We also found MSE to differentiate individuals with non-brain comorbidities, suggesting that MSE is sensitive to brain signal changes brought about by metabolic and other non-brain disorders. Such changes were not detectable in the spectral power density of brain signals. Our findings suggest that brain signal complexity may offer complementary information to spectral power about an individual's health status and is a promising avenue for clinical biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Shen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
| | - Alison McFadden
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Anthony R McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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MacIntosh BJ, Ji X, Chen JJ, Gilboa A, Roudaia E, Sekuler AB, Gao F, Chad JA, Jegatheesan A, Masellis M, Goubran M, Rabin J, Lam B, Cheng I, Fowler R, Heyn C, Black SE, Graham SJ. Brain structure and function in people recovering from COVID-19 after hospital discharge or self-isolation: a longitudinal observational study protocol. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E1114-E1119. [PMID: 34848552 PMCID: PMC8648350 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detailed extent of neuroinvasion or deleterious brain changes resulting from COVID-19 and their time courses remain to be determined in relation to "long-haul" COVID-19 symptoms. Our objective is to determine whether there are alterations in functional brain imaging measures among people with COVID-19 after hospital discharge or self-isolation. METHODS This paper describes a protocol for NeuroCOVID-19, a longitudinal observational study of adults aged 20-75 years at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Ontario, that began in April 2020. We aim to recruit 240 adults, 60 per group: people who contracted COVID-19 and were admitted to hospital (group 1), people who contracted COVID-19 and self-isolated (group 2), people who experienced influenza-like symptoms at acute presentation but tested negative for COVID-19 and self-isolated (group 3, control) and healthy people (group 4, control). Participants are excluded based on premorbid neurologic or severe psychiatric illness, unstable cardiovascular disease, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contraindications. Initial and 3-month follow-up assessments include multiparametric brain MRI and electroencephalography. Sensation and cognition are assessed alongside neuropsychiatric assessments and symptom self-reports. We will test the data from the initial and follow-up assessments for group differences based on 3 outcome measures: MRI cerebral blood flow, MRI resting state fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and electroencephalography spectral power. INTERPRETATION If neurophysiologic alterations are detected in the COVID-19 groups in our NeuroCOVID-19 study, this information could inform future research regarding interventions for long-haul COVID-19. The study results will be disseminated to scientists, clinicians and COVID-19 survivors, as well as the public and private sectors to provide context on how brain measures relate to lingering symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
| | - Xiang Ji
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J Jean Chen
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Eugenie Roudaia
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Allison B Sekuler
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Jordan A Chad
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Aravinthan Jegatheesan
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Maged Goubran
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Jennifer Rabin
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Benjamin Lam
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Ivy Cheng
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Robert Fowler
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Chris Heyn
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Sandra E Black
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Simon J Graham
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (MacIntosh, Gao, Masellis, Goubran, Lam, Heyn, Black, Graham), Physical Sciences Platform (MacIntosh, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Integrated Community Program (Cheng), Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation (Rabin) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care Research Program (Fowler), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Medical Biophysics (MacIntosh, Chen, Chad, Jegatheesan, Goubran, Graham), University of Toronto; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group (Ji, Gao, Masellis, Lam, Black), Sunnybrook Hospital; Rotman Research Institute (Chen, Gilboa, Roudaia, Sekuler, Chad), Baycrest Health Sciences; Division of Neurology (Masellis, Rabin, Lam, Black), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (Rabin), Department of Medical Imaging (Heyn) and Department of Psychology (Gilboa, Sekuler), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Cheng, Fowler), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour (Sekuler), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
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10
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Dalton SGH, Cavanagh JF, Richardson JD. Spectral Resting-State EEG (rsEEG) in Chronic Aphasia Is Reliable, Sensitive, and Correlates With Functional Behavior. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:624660. [PMID: 33815079 PMCID: PMC8010195 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.624660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated spectral resting-state EEG in persons with chronic stroke-induced aphasia to determine its reliability, sensitivity, and relationship to functional behaviors. Resting-state EEG has not yet been characterized in this population and was selected given the demonstrated potential of resting-state investigations using other neuroimaging techniques to guide clinical decision-making. Controls and persons with chronic stroke-induced aphasia completed two EEG recording sessions, separated by approximately 1 month, as well as behavioral assessments of language, sensorimotor, and cognitive domains. Power in the classic frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) was examined via spectral analysis of resting-state EEG data. Results suggest that power in the theta, alpha, and beta bands is reliable for use as a repeated measure. Significantly greater theta and lower beta power was observed in persons with aphasia (PWAs) than controls. Finally, in PWAs theta power negatively correlated with performance on a discourse informativeness measure, while alpha and beta power positively correlated with performance on the same measure. This indicates that spectral rsEEG slowing observed in PWAs in the chronic stage is pathological and suggests a possible avenue for directly altering brain activation to improve behavioral function. Taken together, these results suggest that spectral resting-state EEG holds promise for sensitive measurement of functioning and change in persons with chronic aphasia. Future studies investigating the utility of these measures as biomarkers of frank or latent aphasic deficits and treatment response in chronic stroke-induced aphasia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G. H. Dalton
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - James F. Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessica D. Richardson
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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11
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Goldsworthy MR, Hordacre B, Rothwell JC, Ridding MC. Effects of rTMS on the brain: is there value in variability? Cortex 2021; 139:43-59. [PMID: 33827037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to non-invasively induce neuroplasticity in the human cortex has opened exciting possibilities for its application in both basic and clinical research. Changes in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation has so far provided a convenient model for exploring the neurophysiology of rTMS effects on the brain, influencing the ways in which these stimulation protocols have been applied therapeutically. However, a growing number of studies have reported large inter-individual variability in the mean MEP response to rTMS, raising legitimate questions about the usefulness of this model for guiding therapy. Although the increasing application of different neuroimaging approaches has made it possible to probe rTMS-induced neuroplasticity outside the motor cortex to measure changes in neural activity that impact other aspects of human behaviour, the high variability of rTMS effects on these measurements remains an important issue for the field to address. In this review, we seek to move away from the conventional facilitation/inhibition dichotomy that permeates much of the rTMS literature, presenting a non-standard approach for measuring rTMS-induced neuroplasticity. We consider the evidence that rTMS is able to modulate an individual's moment-to-moment variability of neural activity, and whether this could have implications for guiding the therapeutic application of rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Goldsworthy
- Lifespan Human Neurophysiology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Brenton Hordacre
- Innovation, IMPlementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Ridding
- Innovation, IMPlementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Waschke L, Kloosterman NA, Obleser J, Garrett DD. Behavior needs neural variability. Neuron 2021; 109:751-766. [PMID: 33596406 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human and non-human animal behavior is highly malleable and adapts successfully to internal and external demands. Such behavioral success stands in striking contrast to the apparent instability in neural activity (i.e., variability) from which it arises. Here, we summon the considerable evidence across scales, species, and imaging modalities that neural variability represents a key, undervalued dimension for understanding brain-behavior relationships at inter- and intra-individual levels. We believe that only by incorporating a specific focus on variability will the neural foundation of behavior be comprehensively understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Waschke
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Niels A Kloosterman
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Douglas D Garrett
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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High definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates abnormal neurophysiological activity in post-stroke aphasia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19625. [PMID: 33184382 PMCID: PMC7665190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that measures derived from resting-state magnetoencephalography (rsMEG) are sensitive to cortical dysfunction in post-stroke aphasia. Spectral power and multiscale entropy (MSE) measures show that left-hemispheric areas surrounding the stroke lesion (perilesional) exhibit pathological oscillatory slowing and alterations in signal complexity. In the current study, we tested whether individually-targeted high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) can reduce MEG abnormalities and transiently improve language performance. In eleven chronic aphasia survivors, we devised a method to localize perilesional areas exhibiting peak MSE abnormalities, and subsequently targeted these areas with excitatory/anodal-tDCS, or targeted the contralateral homolog areas with inhibitory/cathodal-tDCS, based on prominent theories of stroke recovery. Pathological MEG slowing in these patients was correlated with aphasia severity. Sentence/phrase repetition accuracy was assessed before and after tDCS. A delayed word reading task was administered inside MEG to assess tDCS-induced neurophysiological changes in relative power and MSE computed on the pre-stimulus and delay task time windows. Results indicated increases in repetition accuracy, decreases in contralateral theta (4–7 Hz) and coarse-scale MSE (slow activity), and increases in perilesional low-gamma (25–50 Hz) and fine-scale MSE (fast activity) after anodal-tDCS, indicating reversal of pathological abnormalities. RsMEG may be a sensitive measure for guiding therapeutic tDCS.
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14
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Liu M, Liu X, Hildebrandt A, Zhou C. Individual Cortical Entropy Profile: Test-Retest Reliability, Predictive Power for Cognitive Ability, and Neuroanatomical Foundation. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa015. [PMID: 34296093 PMCID: PMC8153045 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The entropy profiles of cortical activity have become novel perspectives to investigate individual differences in behavior. However, previous studies have neglected foundational aspects of individual entropy profiles, that is, the test-retest reliability, the predictive power for cognitive ability in out-of-sample data, and the underlying neuroanatomical basis. We explored these issues in a large young healthy adult dataset (Human Connectome Project, N = 998). We showed the whole cortical entropy profile from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is a robust personalized measure, while subsystem profiles exhibited heterogeneous reliabilities. The limbic network exhibited lowest reliability. We tested the out-of-sample predictive power for general and specific cognitive abilities based on reliable cortical entropy profiles. The default mode and visual networks are most crucial when predicting general cognitive ability. We investigated the anatomical features underlying cross-region and cross-individual variations in cortical entropy profiles. Cortical thickness and structural connectivity explained spatial variations in the group-averaged entropy profile. Cortical folding and myelination in the attention and frontoparietal networks determined predominantly individual cortical entropy profile. This study lays foundations for brain-entropy-based studies on individual differences to understand cognitive ability and related pathologies. These findings broaden our understanding of the associations between neural structures, functional dynamics, and cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianxin Liu
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, China
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15
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Kosciessa JQ, Kloosterman NA, Garrett DD. Standard multiscale entropy reflects neural dynamics at mismatched temporal scales: What's signal irregularity got to do with it? PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007885. [PMID: 32392250 PMCID: PMC7241858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiscale Entropy (MSE) is used to characterize the temporal irregularity of neural time series patterns. Due to its' presumed sensitivity to non-linear signal characteristics, MSE is typically considered a complementary measure of brain dynamics to signal variance and spectral power. However, the divergence between these measures is often unclear in application. Furthermore, it is commonly assumed (yet sparingly verified) that entropy estimated at specific time scales reflects signal irregularity at those precise time scales of brain function. We argue that such assumptions are not tenable. Using simulated and empirical electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 47 younger and 52 older adults, we indicate strong and previously underappreciated associations between MSE and spectral power, and highlight how these links preclude traditional interpretations of MSE time scales. Specifically, we show that the typical definition of temporal patterns via "similarity bounds" biases coarse MSE scales-that are thought to reflect slow dynamics-by high-frequency dynamics. Moreover, we demonstrate that entropy at fine time scales-presumed to indicate fast dynamics-is highly sensitive to broadband spectral power, a measure dominated by low-frequency contributions. Jointly, these issues produce counterintuitive reflections of frequency-specific content on MSE time scales. We emphasize the resulting inferential problems in a conceptual replication of cross-sectional age differences at rest, in which scale-specific entropy age effects could be explained by spectral power differences at mismatched temporal scales. Furthermore, we demonstrate how such problems may be alleviated, resulting in the indication of scale-specific age differences in rhythmic irregularity. By controlling for narrowband contributions, we indicate that spontaneous alpha rhythms during eyes open rest transiently reduce broadband signal irregularity. Finally, we recommend best practices that may better permit a valid estimation and interpretation of neural signal irregularity at time scales of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Q. Kosciessa
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels A. Kloosterman
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Douglas D. Garrett
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Zhang L, Zuo XN, Ng KK, Chong JSX, Shim HY, Ong MQW, Loke YM, Choo BL, Chong EJY, Wong ZX, Hilal S, Venketasubramanian N, Tan BY, Chen CLH, Zhou JH. Distinct BOLD variability changes in the default mode and salience networks in Alzheimer's disease spectrum and associations with cognitive decline. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6457. [PMID: 32296093 PMCID: PMC7160203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal levels of intrinsic Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal variability (variability hereafter) are important for normative brain functioning. However, it remains largely unknown how network-specific and frequency-specific variability changes along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum and relates to cognitive decline. We hypothesized that cognitive impairment was related to distinct BOLD variability alterations in two brain networks with reciprocal relationship, i.e., the AD-specific default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). We examined variability of resting-state fMRI data at two characteristic slow frequency-bands of slow4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) and slow5 (0.01-0.027 Hz) in 96 AD, 98 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 48 age-matched healthy controls (HC) using two commonly used pre-processing pipelines. Cognition was measured with a neuropsychological assessment battery. Using both global signal regression (GSR) and independent component analysis (ICA), results generally showed a reciprocal DMN-SN variability balance in aMCI (vs. AD and/or HC), although there were distinct frequency-specific variability patterns in association with different pre-processing approaches. Importantly, lower slow4 posterior-DMN variability correlated with poorer baseline cognition/smaller hippocampus and predicted faster cognitive decline in all patients using both GSR and ICA. Altogether, our findings suggest that reciprocal DMN-SN variability balance in aMCI might represent an early signature in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline along the AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Research Centre for Lifespan Development of Mind and Brain (CLIMB), Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kwun Kei Ng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Su Xian Chong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hee Youn Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Qin Wen Ong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yng Miin Loke
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Linn Choo
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eddie Jun Yi Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Xuen Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Shafiei G, Zeighami Y, Clark CA, Coull JT, Nagano-Saito A, Leyton M, Dagher A, Mišic B. Dopamine Signaling Modulates the Stability and Integration of Intrinsic Brain Networks. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:397-409. [PMID: 30357316 PMCID: PMC6294404 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic projections are hypothesized to stabilize neural signaling and neural representations, but how they shape regional information processing and large-scale network interactions remains unclear. Here we investigated effects of lowered dopamine levels on within-region temporal signal variability (measured by sample entropy) and between-region functional connectivity (measured by pairwise temporal correlations) in the healthy brain at rest. The acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion (APTD) method was used to decrease dopamine synthesis in 51 healthy participants who underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scanning. Functional connectivity and regional signal variability were estimated for each participant. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) analysis was used to statistically assess changes in signal variability following APTD as compared with the balanced control treatment. The analysis captured a pattern of increased regional signal variability following dopamine depletion. Changes in hemodynamic signal variability were concomitant with changes in functional connectivity, such that nodes with greatest increase in signal variability following dopamine depletion also experienced greatest decrease in functional connectivity. Our results suggest that dopamine may act to stabilize neural signaling, particularly in networks related to motor function and orienting attention towards behaviorally-relevant stimuli. Moreover, dopamine-dependent signal variability is critically associated with functional embedding of individual areas in large-scale networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golia Shafiei
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Crystal A Clark
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer T Coull
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Federation 3C, Aix-Marseille University, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Mišic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Wang CH, Liang WK, Moreau D. Differential Modulation of Brain Signal Variability During Cognitive Control in Athletes with Different Domains of Expertise. Neuroscience 2020; 425:267-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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The relation between brain signal complexity and task difficulty on an executive function task. Neuroimage 2019; 198:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Assessing spatiotemporal variability of brain spontaneous activity by multiscale entropy and functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2019; 198:198-220. [PMID: 31091474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain signaling occurs across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, and analysis of brain signal variability and synchrony has attracted recent attention as markers of intelligence, cognitive states, and brain disorders. However, current technologies to measure brain signals in humans have limited resolutions either in space or in time and cannot fully capture spatiotemporal variability, leaving it untested whether temporal variability and spatiotemporal synchrony are valid and reliable proxy of spatiotemporal variability in vivo. Here we used optical voltage imaging in mice under anesthesia and wakefulness to monitor cortical voltage activity at both high spatial and temporal resolutions to investigate functional connectivity (FC, a measure of spatiotemporal synchronization), Multi-Scale Entropy (MSE, a measure of temporal variability), and their relationships to Regional Entropy (RE, a measure of spatiotemporal variability). We observed that across cortical space, MSE pattern can largely explain RE pattern at small and large temporal scales with high positive and negative correlation respectively, while FC pattern strongly negatively associated with RE pattern. The time course of FC and small scale MSE tightly followed that of RE, while large scale MSE was more loosely coupled to RE. fMRI and EEG data simulated by reducing spatiotemporal resolution of the voltage imaging data or considering hemodynamics yielded MSE and FC measures that still contained information about RE based on the high resolution voltage imaging data. This suggested that MSE and FC could still be effective measures to capture spatiotemporal variability under limitation of imaging modalities applicable to human subjects. Our results support the notion that FC and MSE are effective biomarkers for brain states, and provide a promising viewpoint to unify these two principal domains in human brain data analysis.
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21
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Servaas MN, Kos C, Gravel N, Renken RJ, Marsman JBC, van Tol MJ, Aleman A. Rigidity in Motor Behavior and Brain Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia and High Levels of Apathy. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:542-551. [PMID: 30053198 PMCID: PMC6483574 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether apathy in schizophrenia is associated with rigidity in behavior and brain functioning. To this end, we studied associations between variability in dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) in relevant functional brain networks, apathy, and variability in physical activity in schizophrenia. Thirty-one patients with schizophrenia, scoring high on apathy, were included and wore an actigraph. Activity variability was calculated on the activity counts using the root of the Mean Squared Successive Difference (MSSD). Furthermore, we calculated DFC on resting-state data as phase interactions between blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signals of 270 brain regions per volume. Variability (MSSD) in DFC was calculated for 3 networks, including the default-mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network, and salience-reward network (SRN). Finally, we calculated correlations between these DFC estimates and apathy and activity variability. First, lower activity variability was associated with higher levels of apathy. Second, higher levels of apathy were associated with lower variability in DFC in the DMN and SRN. Third, higher activity variability was associated with higher variability in DFC in the SRN. In conclusion, patients with schizophrenia and more severe levels of apathy showed less variability in their physical activity and more rigid functional brain network behavior in the DMN and SRN. These networks have been shown relevant for self-reflection, mental simulation, and reward processing, processes that are pivotal for self-initiated goal-directed behavior. Functional rigidity of these networks may therefore contribute to reduced goal-directed behavior, which is characteristic for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Servaas
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Kos
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolás Gravel
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Renken
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Kung YC, Li CW, Chen S, Chen SCJ, Lo CYZ, Lane TJ, Biswal B, Wu CW, Lin CP. Instability of brain connectivity during nonrapid eye movement sleep reflects altered properties of information integration. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3192-3202. [PMID: 30941797 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is associated with fading consciousness in humans. Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the spatiotemporal alterations of the brain functional connectivity (FC) in NREM sleep, suggesting the changes of information integration in the sleeping brain. However, the common stationarity assumption in FC does not satisfactorily explain the dynamic process of information integration during sleep. The dynamic FC (dFC) across brain networks is speculated to better reflect the time-varying information propagation during sleep. Accordingly, we conducted simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings involving 12 healthy men during sleep and observed dFC across sleep stages using the sliding-window approach. We divided dFC into two aspects: mean dFC (dFCmean ) and variance dFC (dFCvar ). A high dFCmean indicates stable brain network integrity, whereas a high dFCvar indicates instability of information transfer within and between functional networks. For the network-based dFC, the dFCvar were negatively correlated with the dFCmean across the waking and three NREM sleep stages. As sleep deepened, the dFCmean decreased (N0~N1 > N2 > N3), whereas the dFCvar peaked during the N2 stage (N0~N1 < N3 < N2). The highest dFCvar during the N2 stage indicated the unstable synchronizations across the entire brain. In the N3 stage, the overall disrupted network integration was observed through the lowest dFCmean and elevated dFCvar, compared with N0 and N1. Conclusively, when the network specificity (dFCmean ) breaks down, the consciousness dissipates with increasing variability of information exchange (dFCvar ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Kung
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sharon Chia-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Z Lo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Timothy J Lane
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey.,Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changwei W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Wang CH, Moreau D, Yang CT, Tsai YY, Lin JT, Liang WK, Tsai CL. Aerobic exercise modulates transfer and brain signal complexity following cognitive training. Biol Psychol 2019; 144:85-98. [PMID: 30943426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although recent evidence has demonstrated the potent effect of physical exercise to increase the efficacy of cognitive training, the neural mechanisms underlying this causal relationship remain unclear. Here, we used multiscale entropy (MSE) of electroencephalography (EEG)-a measure of brain signal complexity-to address this issue. Young males were randomly assigned to either a 20-day dual n-back training following aerobic exercise or the same training regimen following a reading. A feature binding working memory task with concurrent EEG recording was used to test for transfer effects. Although results revealed weak-to-moderate evidence for exercise-induced facilitation on cognitive training, the combination of cognitive training with exercise resulted in greater transfer gains on conditions involving greater attentional demanding, together with greater increases in cognitive modulation on MSE, compared with the reading condition. Overall, our findings suggest that the addition of antecedent physical exercise to brain training regimen could enable wider, more robust improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Social Sciences Building, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Tainan
| | - Yun-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tang Lin
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Liang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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24
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Labrenz F, Ferri F, Wrede K, Forsting M, Schedlowski M, Engler H, Elsenbruch S, Benson S, Costantini M. Altered temporal variance and functional connectivity of BOLD signal is associated with state anxiety during acute systemic inflammation. Neuroimage 2018; 184:916-924. [PMID: 30243957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is accompanied by complex behavioral changes and disturbed emotion regulation that have been related to the pathophysiology of mood disorders including depression and anxiety. However, the causal role of systemic inflammation on mood disorders is still unclear. We herein investigated neural resting state patterns of temporal variance of the amygdala and functional connectivity within the salience network underlying changes in state anxiety during experimentally-induced systemic inflammation. In this randomized, double-blind study, N = 43 healthy men received an intravenous injection of either low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.4 ng/kg body weight) or saline. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was assessed before and 3.5 h after injection. State anxiety, assessed with a standardized questionnaire, and plasma cytokine concentrations were repeatedly measured. LPS administration induced a transient systemic inflammatory response reflected in increases in plasma Interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α concentration. Compared to placebo, state anxiety and temporal variance in the amygdala significantly increased while functional connectivity in the salience network decreased during LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Together, these data indicate that acute systemic inflammation alters temporal variance of the BOLD signal as well as functional connectivity in brain regions and networks implicated in emotion processing and regulation. These results are of translational importance to encourage further research on the role of inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions including anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Labrenz
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcello Costantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.
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25
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Gilbert N, Bernier RA, Calhoun VD, Brenner E, Grossner E, Rajtmajer SM, Hillary FG. Diminished neural network dynamics after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197419. [PMID: 29883447 PMCID: PMC5993261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been increasing enthusiasm in the cognitive neurosciences around using network science to understand the system-level changes associated with brain disorders. A growing literature has used whole-brain fMRI analysis to examine changes in the brain's subnetworks following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Much of network modeling in this literature has focused on static network mapping, which provides a window into gross inter-nodal relationships, but is insensitive to more subtle fluctuations in network dynamics, which may be an important predictor of neural network plasticity. In this study, we examine the dynamic connectivity with focus on state-level connectivity (state) and evaluate the reliability of dynamic network states over the course of two runs of intermittent task and resting data. The goal was to examine the dynamic properties of neural networks engaged periodically with task stimulation in order to determine: 1) the reliability of inter-nodal and network-level characteristics over time and 2) the transitions between distinct network states after traumatic brain injury. To do so, we enrolled 23 individuals with moderate and severe TBI at least 1-year post injury and 19 age- and education-matched healthy adults using functional MRI methods, dynamic connectivity modeling, and graph theory. The results reveal several distinct network "states" that were reliably evident when comparing runs; the overall frequency of dynamic network states are highly reproducible (r-values>0.8) for both samples. Analysis of movement between states resulted in fewer state transitions in the TBI sample and, in a few cases, brain injury resulted in the appearance of states not exhibited by the healthy control (HC) sample. Overall, the findings presented here demonstrate the reliability of observable dynamic mental states during periods of on-task performance and support emerging evidence that brain injury may result in diminished network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Social and Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Bernier
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Social and Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Vincent D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Einat Brenner
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Social and Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Emily Grossner
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Social and Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Rajtmajer
- College of Information Science and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Frank G. Hillary
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Social and Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States of America
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26
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Brenner EK, Hampstead BM, Grossner EC, Bernier RA, Gilbert N, Sathian K, Hillary FG. Diminished neural network dynamics in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 130:63-72. [PMID: 29738855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is widely regarded as an intermediate stage between typical aging and dementia, with nearly 50% of patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) converting to Alzheimer's dementia (AD) within 30 months of follow-up (Fischer et al., 2007). The growing literature using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals both increased and decreased connectivity in individuals with MCI and connectivity loss between the anterior and posterior components of the default mode network (DMN) throughout the course of the disease progression (Hillary et al., 2015; Sheline & Raichle, 2013; Tijms et al., 2013). In this paper, we use dynamic connectivity modeling and graph theory to identify unique brain "states," or temporal patterns of connectivity across distributed networks, to distinguish individuals with aMCI from healthy older adults (HOAs). We enrolled 44 individuals diagnosed with aMCI and 33 HOAs of comparable age and education. Our results indicated that individuals with aMCI spent significantly more time in one state in particular, whereas neural network analysis in the HOA sample revealed approximately equivalent representation across four distinct states. Among individuals with aMCI, spending a higher proportion of time in the dominant state relative to a state where participants exhibited high cost (a measure combining connectivity and distance), predicted better language performance and less perseveration. This is the first report to examine neural network dynamics in individuals with aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat K Brenner
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Social, Life, and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States.
| | - Benjamin M Hampstead
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, United States; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, University of Michigan, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Emily C Grossner
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Social, Life, and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Rachel A Bernier
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Social, Life, and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Social, Life, and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States
| | - K Sathian
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States; Rehabilitation R&D Center, Atlanta VAMC, United States; Department of Neurology, Emory University, United States; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, United States; Department of Psychology, Emory University, United States
| | - Frank G Hillary
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Social, Life, and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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27
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Vasquez BP, Tomaszczyk JC, Sharma B, Colella B, Green REA. Longitudinal Recovery of Executive Control Functions After Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Examining Trajectories of Variability and Ex-Gaussian Parameters. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2018; 32:191-199. [PMID: 29561244 DOI: 10.1177/1545968318760727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive control deficits are deleterious and enduring consequences of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) that disrupt everyday functioning. Clinically, such impairments can manifest as behavioural inconsistency, measurable experimentally by the degree of variability across trials of a reaction time (RT) task (also known as intraindividual variability [IIV]). Growing research on cognition after TBI points to cognitive deterioration in the chronic stages postinjury. OBJECTIVE To examine the longitudinal recovery of RT characteristics (IIV and more detailed ex-Gaussian components, as well as the number of impulsively quick responses) following moderate-severe TBI. METHODS Seventy moderate-severe TBI patients were assessed at 2, 5, 12, and 24+ months postinjury on a go/no-go RT task. RT indices (ex-Gaussian parameters mu and sigma [mean and variability of the normal distribution component], and tau [extremely slow responses]; mean, intraindividual coefficient of variation [ICV], and intraindividual standard deviation [ISD]) were analyzed with repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS ICV, ISD, and ex-Gaussian tau significantly decreased (ie, improved) over time in the first year of injury, but worsened from 1 to 2+ years, as did the frequency of extremely fast responses. These quadratic patterns were accentuated by age and shown primarily in tau (extremely slow) and extremely fast (impulsive) responses. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of early recovery followed by decline in executive control function is consistent with growing evidence that moderate-severe TBI is a progressive and degenerative disorder. Given the responsiveness to treatment of executive control deficits, elucidating the trajectory and underpinnings of inconsistent behavioral responding may reveal novel prognostic and clinical management opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhanu Sharma
- 1 Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Colella
- 1 Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin E A Green
- 1 Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Halliday DWR, Mulligan BP, Garrett DD, Schmidt S, Hundza SR, Garcia-Barrera MA, Stawski RS, MacDonald SWS. Mean and variability in functional brain activations differentially predict executive function in older adults: an investigation employing functional near-infrared spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:011013. [PMID: 28983491 PMCID: PMC5613222 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.1.011013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE although the preponderance of research on functional brain activity investigates mean group differences, mounting evidence suggests that variability in neural activity is beneficial for optimal central nervous system (CNS) function. Independent of mean signal estimates, recent findings have shown that neural variability diminishes with age and is positively associated with cognitive performance, underscoring its adaptive nature. The present investigation sought to employ functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to derive two operationalizations of cerebral oxygenation, representing mean and variability [using standard deviation (SD)] in neural activity, and to specifically contrast these mean- and SD-oxyhemoglobin (HbO) estimates as predictors of cognitive function. METHOD a total of 25 older adults (71 to 81 years of age) completed a test of cognitive interference (Multisource Interference Task) while undergoing fNIRS recording using a multichannel continuous-wave optical imaging system (TechEn CW6) over bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Time-varying covariation models were employed to simultaneously estimate the within- and between-person effects of cerebral oxygenation on behavioral performance fluctuations. RESULTS mean effects were predominantly observed at the between-person level and suggest that greater concentrations of HbO are associated with slower and less accurate performance. Greater HbO variability at the between-person level was associated with slower performance, but was associated with faster performance at the within-person level. CONCLUSIONS these findings are in keeping with assertions that mean and variability confer complementary (as opposed to redundant) sources of information regarding the effective functioning of a neural system and suggest that fNIRS is a viable methodology for capturing meaningful variance in the hemodynamic response that is characteristic of adaptive CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W. R. Halliday
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- University of Victoria, Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bryce P. Mulligan
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- University of Victoria, Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas D. Garrett
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra R. Hundza
- University of Victoria, Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- University of Victoria, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mauricio A. Garcia-Barrera
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- University of Victoria, Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert S. Stawski
- Oregon State University, School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Stuart W. S. MacDonald
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- University of Victoria, Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Grundy JG, Anderson JAE, Bialystok E. Bilinguals have more complex EEG brain signals in occipital regions than monolinguals. Neuroimage 2017; 159:280-288. [PMID: 28782680 PMCID: PMC5671360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain signal complexity increases with development and is associated with better cognitive outcomes in older age. Research has also shown that bilinguals are able to stave off cognitive decline for longer periods of time than monolinguals, but no studies to date have examined whether bilinguals have more complex brain signals than monolinguals. Here we explored the hypothesis that bilingualism leads to greater brain signal complexity by examining multiscale entropy (MSE) in monolingual and bilingual young adults while EEG was recorded during a task-switching paradigm. Results revealed that bilinguals had greater brain signal complexity than monolinguals in occipital regions. Furthermore, bilinguals performed better with increasing occipital brain signal complexity, whereas monolinguals relied on coupling with frontal regions to demonstrate gains in performance. These findings are discussed in terms of how a lifetime of experience with a second language leads to more automatic and efficient processing of stimuli and how these adaptations could contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline in older age.
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Hager B, Yang AC, Brady R, Meda S, Clementz B, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Tamminga C, Keshavan M. Neural complexity as a potential translational biomarker for psychosis. J Affect Disord 2017; 216:89-99. [PMID: 27814962 PMCID: PMC5406267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptability of the human brain to the constantly changing environment is reduced in patients with psychotic disorders, leading to impaired cognitive functions. Brain signal complexity, which may reflect adaptability, can be readily quantified via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals. We hypothesized that resting-state brain signal complexity is altered in psychotic disorders, and is correlated with cognitive impairment. METHODS We assessed 156 healthy controls (HC) and 330 probands, including 125 patients with psychotic bipolar disorder (BP), 107 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), 98 patients with schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and 230 of their unaffected first-degree relatives (76 BPR, 79 SADR, and 75 SZR) from four sites of the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium. Using multi-scale entropy analysis, we determined whether patients and/or relatives had pathologic differences in complexity of resting-state fMRI signals toward regularity (reduced entropy in all time scales), or toward uncorrelated randomness (increased entropy in fine time scales that decays as the time scale increases) and how these complexity differences might be associated with cognitive impairment. RESULTS Compared to HC subjects, proband groups showed either decreased complexity toward regularity or toward randomness. SZ probands showed decreased complexity toward regular signal in hypothalamus, and BP probands in left inferior occipital, right precentral and left superior parietal regions, whereas no brain region with decreased complexity toward regularity was found in SAD probands. All proband groups showed significantly increased brain signal randomness in dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC), and unaffected relatives showed no complexity differences in PFC regions. SZ had the largest area of involvement in both dorsal and ventral PFC. BP and SAD probands shared increased brain signal randomness in ventral medial PFC, BP and SZ probands shared increased brain signal randomness in ventral lateral PFC, whereas SAD and SZ probands shared increased brain signal randomness in dorsal medial PFC. Only SZ showed increased brain signal randomness in dorsal lateral PFC. The increased brain signal randomness in dorsal or ventral PFC was weakly associated with reduced cognitive performance in psychotic probands. CONCLUSION These observations support the loss of brain complexity hypothesis in psychotic probands. Furthermore, we found significant differences as well as overlaps of pathologic brain signal complexity between psychotic probands by DSM diagnoses, thus suggesting a biological approach to categorizing psychosis based on functional neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hager
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert C Yang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital/School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roscoe Brady
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shashwath Meda
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and the Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Brett Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and the Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carol Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Roberts JA, Friston KJ, Breakspear M. Clinical Applications of Stochastic Dynamic Models of the Brain, Part II: A Review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Gu S, Betzel RF, Mattar MG, Cieslak M, Delio PR, Grafton ST, Pasqualetti F, Bassett DS. Optimal trajectories of brain state transitions. Neuroimage 2017; 148:305-317. [PMID: 28088484 PMCID: PMC5489344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of neural dynamics stems in part from the complexity of the underlying anatomy. Yet how white matter structure constrains how the brain transitions from one cognitive state to another remains unknown. Here we address this question by drawing on recent advances in network control theory to model the underlying mechanisms of brain state transitions as elicited by the collective control of region sets. We find that previously identified attention and executive control systems are poised to affect a broad array of state transitions that cannot easily be classified by traditional engineering-based notions of control. This theoretical versatility comes with a vulnerability to injury. In patients with mild traumatic brain injury, we observe a loss of specificity in putative control processes, suggesting greater susceptibility to neurophysiological noise. These results offer fundamental insights into the mechanisms driving brain state transitions in healthy cognition and their alteration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Gu
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcelo G Mattar
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Philip R Delio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neurology Associates of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Scott T Grafton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Fabio Pasqualetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Mitchell RL, Kumari V. Hans Eysenck's interface between the brain and personality: Modern evidence on the cognitive neuroscience of personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brain signal complexity rises with repetition suppression in visual learning. Neuroscience 2016; 326:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carpentier SM, Moreno S, McIntosh AR. Short-term Music Training Enhances Complex, Distributed Neural Communication during Music and Linguistic Tasks. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1603-12. [PMID: 27243611 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Musical training is frequently associated with benefits to linguistic abilities, and recent focus has been placed on possible benefits of bilingualism to lifelong executive functions; however, the neural mechanisms for such effects are unclear. The aim of this study was to gain better understanding of the whole-brain functional effects of music and second-language training that could support such previously observed cognitive transfer effects. We conducted a 28-day longitudinal study of monolingual English-speaking 4- to 6-year-old children randomly selected to receive daily music or French language training, excluding weekends. Children completed passive EEG music note and French vowel auditory oddball detection tasks before and after training. Brain signal complexity was measured on source waveforms at multiple temporal scales as an index of neural information processing and network communication load. Comparing pretraining with posttraining, musical training was associated with increased EEG complexity at coarse temporal scales during the music and French vowel tasks in widely distributed cortical regions. Conversely, very minimal decreases in complexity at fine scales and trends toward coarse-scale increases were displayed after French training during the tasks. Spectral analysis failed to distinguish between training types and found overall theta (3.5-7.5 Hz) power increases after all training forms, with spatially fewer decreases in power at higher frequencies (>10 Hz). These findings demonstrate that musical training increased diversity of brain network states to support domain-specific music skill acquisition and music-to-language transfer effects.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder arising from exposure to a traumatic event. Although primarily defined in terms of behavioral symptoms, the global neurophysiological effects of traumatic stress are increasingly recognized as a critical facet of the human PTSD phenotype. Here we use magnetoencephalographic recordings to investigate two aspects of information processing: inter-regional communication (measured by functional connectivity) and the dynamic range of neural activity (measured in terms of local signal variability). We find that both measures differentiate soldiers diagnosed with PTSD from soldiers without PTSD, from healthy civilians, and from civilians with mild traumatic brain injury, which is commonly comorbid with PTSD. Specifically, soldiers with PTSD display inter-regional hypersynchrony at high frequencies (80-150 Hz), as well as a concomitant decrease in signal variability. The two patterns are spatially correlated and most pronounced in a left temporal subnetwork, including the hippocampus and amygdala. We hypothesize that the observed hypersynchrony may effectively constrain the expression of local dynamics, resulting in less variable activity and a reduced dynamic repertoire. Thus, the re-experiencing phenomena and affective sequelae in combat-related PTSD may result from functional networks becoming "stuck" in configurations reflecting memories, emotions, and thoughts originating from the traumatizing experience. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present study investigates the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat-exposed soldiers. We find that soldiers with PTSD exhibit hypersynchrony in a circuit of temporal lobe areas associated with learning and memory function. This rigid functional architecture is associated with a decrease in signal variability in the same areas, suggesting that the observed hypersynchrony may constrain the expression of local dynamics, resulting in a reduced dynamic range. Our findings suggest that the re-experiencing of traumatic events in PTSD may result from functional networks becoming locked in configurations that reflect memories, emotions, and thoughts associated with the traumatic experience.
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Contrasting variability patterns in the default mode and sensorimotor networks balance in bipolar depression and mania. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4824-9. [PMID: 27071087 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517558113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive and manic phases in bipolar disorder show opposite constellations of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor symptoms. At a neural level, these may be related to topographical disbalance between large-scale networks, such as the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN). We investigated topographical patterns of variability in the resting-state signal-measured by fractional SD (fSD) of the BOLD signal-of the DMN and SMN (and other networks) in two frequency bands (Slow5 and Slow4) with their ratio and clinical correlations in depressed (n = 20), manic (n = 20), euthymic (n = 20) patients, and healthy controls (n = 40). After controlling for global signal changes, the topographical balance between the DMN and SMN, specifically in the lowest frequency band, as calculated by the Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN ratio, was significantly increased in depression, whereas the same ratio was significantly decreased in mania. Additionally, Slow5 variability was increased in the DMN and decreased in the SMN in depressed patients, whereas the opposite topographical pattern was observed in mania. Finally, the Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN ratio correlated positively with clinical scores of depressive symptoms and negatively with those of mania. Results were replicated in a smaller independent bipolar disorder sample. We demonstrated topographical abnormalities in frequency-specific resting-state variability in the balance between DMN and SMN with opposing patterns in depression and mania. The Slow5 DMN/SMN ratio was tilted toward the DMN in depression but was shifted toward the SMN in mania. The Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN pattern could constitute a state-biomarker in diagnosis and therapy.
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Kielar A, Deschamps T, Chu RKO, Jokel R, Khatamian YB, Chen JJ, Meltzer JA. Identifying Dysfunctional Cortex: Dissociable Effects of Stroke and Aging on Resting State Dynamics in MEG and fMRI. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:40. [PMID: 26973515 PMCID: PMC4776400 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous signals in neuroimaging data may provide information on cortical health in disease and aging, but the relative sensitivity of different approaches is unknown. In the present study, we compared different but complementary indicators of neural dynamics in resting-state MEG and BOLD fMRI, and their relationship with blood flow. Participants included patients with post-stroke aphasia, age-matched controls, and young adults. The complexity of brain activity at rest was quantified in MEG using spectral analysis and multiscale entropy (MSE) measures, whereas BOLD variability was quantified as the standard deviation (SDBOLD), mean squared successive difference (MSSD), and sample entropy of the BOLD time series. We sought to assess the utility of signal variability and complexity measures as markers of age-related changes in healthy adults and perilesional dysfunction in chronic stroke. The results indicate that reduced BOLD variability is a robust finding in aging, whereas MEG measures are more sensitive to the cortical abnormalities associated with stroke. Furthermore, reduced complexity of MEG signals in perilesional tissue were correlated with hypoperfusion as assessed with arterial spin labeling (ASL), while no such relationship was apparent with BOLD variability. These findings suggest that MEG signal complexity offers a sensitive index of neural dysfunction in perilesional tissue in chronic stroke, and that these effects are clearly distinguishable from those associated with healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kielar
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health SciencesToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiffany Deschamps
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health SciencesToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ron K. O. Chu
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health SciencesToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Regina Jokel
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health SciencesToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jean J. Chen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health SciencesToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jed A. Meltzer
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health SciencesToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryOttawa, ON, Canada
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Fisher JAN, Huang S, Ye M, Nabili M, Wilent WB, Krauthamer V, Myers MR, Welle CG. Real-Time Detection and Monitoring of Acute Brain Injury Utilizing Evoked Electroencephalographic Potentials. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 24:1003-1012. [PMID: 26955039 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2529663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection and diagnosis of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can significantly improve the prognosis for recovery. Helmet-mounted sensors that detect impact severity based on measurements of acceleration or pressure show promise for aiding triage and transport decisions in active, field environments such as professional sports or military combat. The detected signals, however, report on the mechanics of an impact rather than directly indicating the presence and severity of an injury. We explored the use of cortical somatosensory evoked electroencephalographic potentials (SSEPs) to detect and track, in real-time, neural electrophysiological abnormalities within the first hour following head injury in an animal model. To study the immediate electrophysiological effects of injury in vivo, we developed an experimental paradigm involving focused ultrasound that permits continuous, real-time measurements and minimizes mechanical artifact. Injury was associated with a dramatic reduction of amplitude over the damaged hemisphere directly after the injury. The amplitude systematically improved over time but remained significantly decreased at one hour, compared with baseline. In contrast, at one hour there was a concomitant enhancement of the cortical SSEP amplitude evoked from the uninjured hemisphere. Analysis of the inter-trial electroencephalogram (EEG) also revealed significant changes in low-frequency components and an increase in EEG entropy up to 30 minutes after injury, likely reflecting altered EEG reactivity to somatosensory stimuli. Injury-induced alterations in SSEPs were also observed using noninvasive epidermal electrodes, demonstrating viability of practical implementation. These results suggest cortical SSEPs recorded at just a few locations by head-mounted sensors and associated multiparametric analyses could potentially be used to rapidly detect and monitor brain injury in settings that normally present significant levels of mechanical and electrical noise.
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40
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[MEG]PLS: A pipeline for MEG data analysis and partial least squares statistics. Neuroimage 2016; 124:181-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Young H, Benton D. We should be using nonlinear indices when relating heart-rate dynamics to cognition and mood. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16619. [PMID: 26565560 PMCID: PMC4643265 DOI: 10.1038/srep16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Both heart rate (HR) and brain functioning involve the integrated output of a multitude of regulatory mechanisms, that are not quantified adequately by linear approximations such as means and standard deviations. It was therefore considered whether non-linear measures of HR complexity are more strongly associated with cognition and mood. Whilst resting, the inter-beat (R-R) time series of twenty-one males and twenty-four females were measured for five minutes. The data were summarised using time, frequency and nonlinear complexity measures. Attention, memory, reaction times, mood and cortisol levels were assessed. Nonlinear HR indices captured additional information, enabling a greater percentage of the variance in behaviour to be explained. On occasions non-linear indices were related to aspects for behaviour, for example focused attention and cortisol production, when time or frequency indices were not. These effects were sexually dimorphic with HR complexity being more strongly associated with the behaviour of females. It was concluded that nonlinear rather than linear methods of summarizing the HR times series offers a novel way of relating brain functioning and behaviour. It should be considered whether non-linear measures of HR complexity can be used as a biomarker of the integrated functioning of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David Benton
- Department of Psychology, University of Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
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Duncan NW, Hayes DJ, Wiebking C, Tiret B, Pietruska K, Chen DQ, Rainville P, Marjańska M, Ayad O, Doyon J, Hodaie M, Northoff G. Negative childhood experiences alter a prefrontal-insular-motor cortical network in healthy adults: A preliminary multimodal rsfMRI-fMRI-MRS-dMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4622-37. [PMID: 26287448 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in humans and animals has shown that negative childhood experiences (NCE) can have long-term effects on the structure and function of the brain. Alterations have been noted in grey and white matter, in the brain's resting state, on the glutamatergic system, and on neural and behavioural responses to aversive stimuli. These effects can be linked to psychiatric disorder such as depression and anxiety disorders that are influenced by excessive exposure to early life stressors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of NCEs on these systems. Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), aversion task fMRI, glutamate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) were combined with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in healthy subjects to examine the impact of NCEs on the brain. Low CTQ scores, a measure of NCEs, were related to higher resting state glutamate levels and higher resting state entropy in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). CTQ scores, mPFC glutamate and entropy, correlated with neural BOLD responses to the anticipation of aversive stimuli in regions throughout the aversion-related network, with strong correlations between all measures in the motor cortex and left insula. Structural connectivity strength, measured using mean fractional anisotropy, between the mPFC and left insula correlated to aversion-related signal changes in the motor cortex. These findings highlight the impact of NCEs on multiple inter-related brain systems. In particular, they highlight the role of a prefrontal-insular-motor cortical network in the processing and responsivity to aversive stimuli and its potential adaptability by NCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall W Duncan
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dave J Hayes
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto and Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Wiebking
- Cluster of Excellence in Cognitive Sciences, Department of Sociology of Physical Activity and Health, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brice Tiret
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit and Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Karin Pietruska
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Q Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto and Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Omar Ayad
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit and Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mojgan Hodaie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto and Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Chu RKO, Braun AR, Meltzer JA. MEG-based detection and localization of perilesional dysfunction in chronic stroke. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:157-69. [PMID: 26106540 PMCID: PMC4473381 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke impairment is associated not only with structural lesions, but also with dysfunction in surviving perilesional tissue. Previous studies using equivalent current dipole source localization of MEG/EEG signals have demonstrated a preponderance of slow-wave activity localized to perilesional areas. Recent studies have also demonstrated the utility of nonlinear analyses such as multiscale entropy (MSE) for quantifying neuronal dysfunction in a wide range of pathologies. The current study utilized beamformer-based reconstruction of signals in source space to compare spectral and nonlinear measures of electrical activity in perilesional and healthy cortices. Data were collected from chronic stroke patients and healthy controls, both young and elderly. We assessed relative power in the delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) frequency bands, and also measured the nonlinear complexity of electrical activity using MSE. Perilesional tissue exhibited a general slowing of the power spectrum (increased delta/theta, decreased beta) as well as a reduction in MSE. All measures tested were similarly sensitive to changes in the posterior perilesional regions, but anterior perilesional dysfunction was detected better by MSE and beta power. The findings also suggest that MSE is specifically sensitive to electrophysiological dysfunction in perilesional tissue, while spectral measures were additionally affected by an increase in rolandic beta power with advanced age. Furthermore, perilesional electrophysiological abnormalities in the left hemisphere were correlated with the degree of language task-induced activation in the right hemisphere. Finally, we demonstrate that single subject spectral and nonlinear analyses can identify dysfunctional perilesional regions within individual patients that may be ideal targets for interventions with noninvasive brain stimulation. We assessed the spontaneous MEG activity of perilesional tissue in stroke. We observed perilesional spectral slowing and reduced signal complexity. We demonstrate a method to identify dysfunctional tissue within a single subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron K O Chu
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, 4th Floor, Sidney Smith Hall, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada ; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Allen R Braun
- Language Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jed A Meltzer
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, 4th Floor, Sidney Smith Hall, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada ; University of Toronto, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada ; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada ; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, 600 Peter Morand Cres., Suite 201, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
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Heisz JJ, Gould M, McIntosh AR. Age-related Shift in Neural Complexity Related to Task Performance and Physical Activity. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 27:605-13. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The human brain undergoes marked structural changes with age including cortical thinning and reduced connectivity because of the degradation of myelin. Although these changes can compromise cognitive function, the brain is able to functionally reorganize to compensate for some of this structural loss. However, there are interesting individual differences in outcome: When comparing individuals of similar age, those who engage in regular physical activity are less affected by the typical age-related decline in cognitive function. This study used multiscale entropy to reveal a shift in the way the brain processes information in older adults that is related to physical activity. Specifically, older adults who were more physically active engaged in more local neural information processing. Interestingly, this shift toward local information processing was also associated with improved executive function performance in older adults, suggesting that physical activity may help to improve aspects of cognitive function in older adults by biasing the neural system toward local information processing. In the face of age-related structural decline, the neural plasticity that is enhanced through physical activity may help older adults maintain cognitive health longer into their lifespan.
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Esopenko C, Levine B. Aging, neurodegenerative disease, and traumatic brain injury: the role of neuroimaging. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:209-20. [PMID: 25192426 PMCID: PMC4321975 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly prevalent condition with significant effects on cognition and behavior. While the acute and sub-acute effects of TBI recover over time, relatively little is known about the long-term effects of TBI in relation to neurodegenerative disease. This issue has recently garnered a great deal of attention due to publicity surrounding chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in professional athletes, although CTE is but one of several neurodegenerative disorders associated with a history of TBI. Here, we review the literative on neurodegenerative disorders linked to remote TBI. We also review the evidence for neuroimaging changes associated with unhealthy brain aging in the context of remote TBI. We conclude that neuroimaging biomarkers have significant potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms of unhealthy brain aging and neurodegeneration following TBI, with potential for identifying those at risk for unhealthy brain aging prior to the clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Esopenko
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Grady CL, Garrett DD. Understanding variability in the BOLD signal and why it matters for aging. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 8:274-83. [PMID: 24008589 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent work in neuroscience supports the idea that variability in brain function is necessary for optimal brain responsivity to a changing environment. In this review, we discuss a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in younger and older adults to assess age-related differences in variability of the fMRI signal. This work shows that moment-to-moment brain signal variability represents an important "signal" within what is typically considered measurement-related "noise" in fMRI. This accumulation of evidence suggests that moving beyond the mean will provide a complementary window into aging-related neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A2E1, Canada,
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Magioncalda P, Martino M, Conio B, Escelsior A, Piaggio N, Presta A, Marozzi V, Rocchi G, Anastasio L, Vassallo L, Ferri F, Huang Z, Roccatagliata L, Pardini M, Northoff G, Amore M. Functional connectivity and neuronal variability of resting state activity in bipolar disorder--reduction and decoupling in anterior cortical midline structures. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:666-82. [PMID: 25307723 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cortical midline structures seem to be involved in the modulation of different resting state networks, such as the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). Alterations in these systems, in particular in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC), seem to play a central role in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the exact role of the PACC, and its functional connections to other midline regions (within and outside DMN) still remains unclear in BD. METHODS We investigated functional connectivity (FC), standard deviation (SD, as a measure of neuronal variability) and their correlation in bipolar patients (n = 40) versus healthy controls (n = 40), in the PACC and in its connections in different frequency bands (standard: 0.01-0.10 Hz; Slow-5: 0.01-0.027 Hz; Slow-4: 0.027-0.073 Hz). Finally, we studied the correlations between FC alterations and clinical-neuropsychological parameters and we explored whether subgroups of patients in different phases of the illness present different patterns of FC abnormalities. RESULTS We found in BD decreased FC (especially in Slow-5) from the PACC to other regions located predominantly in the posterior DMN (such as the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and inferior temporal gyrus) and in the SN (such as the supragenual anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex). Second, we found in BD a decoupling between PACC-based FC and variability in the various target regions (without alteration in variability itself). Finally, in our subgroups explorative analysis, we found a decrease in FC between the PACC and supragenual ACC (in depressive phase) and between the PACC and PCC (in manic phase). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in BD the communication, that is, information transfer, between the different cortical midline regions within the cingulate gyrus does not seem to work properly. This may result in dysbalance between different resting state networks like the DMN and SN. A deficit in the anterior DMN-SN connectivity could lead to an abnormal shifting toward the DMN, while a deficit in the anterior DMN-posterior DMN connectivity could lead to an abnormal shifting toward the SN, resulting in excessive focusing on internal contents and reduced transition from idea to action or in excessive focusing on external contents and increased transition from idea to action, respectively, which could represent central dimensions of depression and mania. If confirmed, they could represent diagnostic markers in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Magioncalda
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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McDonough IM, Nashiro K. Network complexity as a measure of information processing across resting-state networks: evidence from the Human Connectome Project. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:409. [PMID: 24959130 PMCID: PMC4051265 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging field of research focused on fluctuations in brain signals has provided evidence that the complexity of those signals, as measured by entropy, conveys important information about network dynamics (e.g., local and distributed processing). While much research has focused on how neural complexity differs in populations with different age groups or clinical disorders, substantially less research has focused on the basic understanding of neural complexity in populations with young and healthy brain states. The present study used resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project (Van Essen et al., 2013) to test the extent that neural complexity in the BOLD signal, as measured by multiscale entropy (1) would differ from random noise, (2) would differ between four major resting-state networks previously associated with higher-order cognition, and (3) would be associated with the strength and extent of functional connectivity—a complementary method of estimating information processing. We found that complexity in the BOLD signal exhibited different patterns of complexity from white, pink, and red noise and that neural complexity was differentially expressed between resting-state networks, including the default mode, cingulo-opercular, left and right frontoparietal networks. Lastly, neural complexity across all networks was negatively associated with functional connectivity at fine scales, but was positively associated with functional connectivity at coarse scales. The present study is the first to characterize neural complexity in BOLD signals at a high temporal resolution and across different networks and might help clarify the inconsistencies between neural complexity and functional connectivity, thus informing the mechanisms underlying neural complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M McDonough
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kaoru Nashiro
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Dallas, TX, USA
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Mišić B, Doesburg SM, Fatima Z, Vidal J, Vakorin VA, Taylor MJ, McIntosh AR. Coordinated Information Generation and Mental Flexibility: Large-Scale Network Disruption in Children with Autism. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:2815-27. [PMID: 24770713 PMCID: PMC4537433 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes deficits in social cognition, communication, and executive function. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that ASD disrupts the structural and functional organization of brain networks and, presumably, how they generate information. Here, we relate deficits in an aspect of cognitive control to network-level disturbances in information processing. We recorded magnetoencephalography while children with ASD and typically developing controls performed a set-shifting task designed to test mental flexibility. We used multiscale entropy (MSE) to estimate the rate at which information was generated in a set of sources distributed across the brain. Multivariate partial least-squares analysis revealed 2 distributed networks, operating at fast and slow time scales, that respond completely differently to set shifting in ASD compared with control children, indicating disrupted temporal organization within these networks. Moreover, when typically developing children engaged these networks, they achieved faster reaction times. When children with ASD engaged these networks, there was no improvement in performance, suggesting that the networks were ineffective in children with ASD. Our data demonstrate that the coordination and temporal organization of large-scale neural assemblies during the performance of cognitive control tasks is disrupted in children with ASD, contributing to executive function deficits in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratislav Mišić
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sam M Doesburg
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zainab Fatima
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Vidal
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony R McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Nenadovic V, Perez Velazquez JL, Hutchison JS. Phase synchronization in electroencephalographic recordings prognosticates outcome in paediatric coma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94942. [PMID: 24752289 PMCID: PMC3994059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury from trauma, cardiac arrest or stroke is the most important cause of death and acquired disability in the paediatric population. Due to the lifetime impact of brain injury, there is a need for methods to stratify patient risk and ultimately predict outcome. Early prognosis is fundamental to the implementation of interventions to improve recovery, but no clinical model as yet exists. Healthy physiology is associated with a relative high variability of physiologic signals in organ systems. This was first evaluated in heart rate variability research. Brain variability can be quantified through electroencephalographic (EEG) phase synchrony. We hypothesised that variability in brain signals from EEG recordings would correlate with patient outcome after brain injury. Lower variability in EEG phase synchronization, would be associated with poor patient prognosis. A retrospective study, spanning 10 years (2000-2010) analysed the scalp EEGs of children aged 1 month to 17 years in coma (Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS, <8) admitted to the paediatric critical care unit (PCCU) following brain injury from TBI, cardiac arrest or stroke. Phase synchrony of the EEGs was evaluated using the Hilbert transform and the variability of the phase synchrony calculated. Outcome was evaluated using the 6 point Paediatric Performance Category Score (PCPC) based on chart review at the time of hospital discharge. Outcome was dichotomized to good outcome (PCPC score 1 to 3) and poor outcome (PCPC score 4 to 6). Children who had a poor outcome following brain injury secondary to cardiac arrest, TBI or stroke, had a higher magnitude of synchrony (R index), a lower spatial complexity of the synchrony patterns and a lower temporal variability of the synchrony index values at 15 Hz when compared to those patients with a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Nenadovic
- Division of Neurology Sick Kids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose Luis Perez Velazquez
- Brain and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Saunders Hutchison
- Division of Neurology Sick Kids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Sick Kids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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