1
|
Kaneko Y, Suzuki T, Nakajima H, Kanamori T, Suzuki M. Case report: Gait-induced palilalia in a patient with hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1361585. [PMID: 39022123 PMCID: PMC11252822 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1361585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Palilalia is a type of speech characterized by compulsive repetition of words, phrases, or syllables. Several reports have noted that palilalia can occur in response to external verbal stimuli. Here, we report, for the first time, a patient with palilalia induced by gait, which we call "movement-related palilalia." Case presentation Eleven months after the onset of cerebral infarction sparing the right precentral gyrus and its adjacent subcortical regions, a 63-year-old, left-handed Japanese man was referred for psychiatric consultation because of a complaint of irritability caused by the stress of compulsive repetition of a single meaningless word, "wai." The repetition of a word, palilalia, in this case, was characterized by its predominant occurrence during walking and by its melodic tones. The palilalia during walking disappeared almost completely after 5 months of treatment with carbamazepine 600 mg. Conclusion Palilalia induced by gait can occur in patients with a history of cerebral infarction. This palilalia during walking may be due to the reorganization of networks in areas nearby or surrounding cerebral infarcts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kaneko
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Nakajima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kanamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olszewska AM, Droździel D, Gaca M, Kulesza A, Obrębski W, Kowalewski J, Widlarz A, Marchewka A, Herman AM. Unlocking the musical brain: A proof-of-concept study on playing the piano in MRI scanner with naturalistic stimuli. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17877. [PMID: 37501960 PMCID: PMC10368778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Music is a universal human phenomenon, and can be studied for itself or as a window into the understanding of the brain. Few neuroimaging studies investigate actual playing in the MRI scanner, likely because of the lack of available experimental hardware and analysis tools. Here, we offer an innovative paradigm that addresses this issue in neuromusicology using naturalistic, polyphonic musical stimuli, presents a commercially available MRI-compatible piano, and a flexible approach to quantify participant's performance. We show how making errors while playing can be investigated using an altered auditory feedback paradigm. In the spirit of open science, we make our experimental paradigms and analysis tools available to other researchers studying pianists in MRI. Altogether, we present a proof-of-concept study which shows the feasibility of playing the novel piano in MRI, and a step towards using more naturalistic stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M. Olszewska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Droździel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Gaca
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kulesza
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Obrębski
- Department of Nuclear and Medical Electronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 1 Politechniki Square, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- 10 Murarska Street, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Widlarz
- Chair of Rhythmics and Piano Improvisation, Department of Choir Conducting and Singing, Music Education and Rhythmics, The Chopin University of Music, Okolnik 2 Street, 00–368 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M. Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramirez-Melendez R, Reija X. The Creative Drummer: An EEG-Based Pilot Study on the Correlates of Emotions and Creative Drum Playing. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010088. [PMID: 36672069 PMCID: PMC9856948 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is reasonable to assume that emotional processes are involved in creative tasks and the generation of creative ideas. In this pilot study, we investigate the emotional correlates in professional drummers during different degrees of creative music playing. Ten participants performed three tasks: repetitive rhythmic drum playing, pattern-based improvisation, and attention-intensive free improvisation, while their EEG activity was recorded. Arousal and valence levels were estimated from the EEG data at baseline and for the three tasks. Results show significantly increased levels of valence (i.e., increased prefrontal right alpha power compared to prefrontal left alpha power) during pattern-based and free improvisation relative to baseline, and significantly increased levels of valence during free improvisation relative to pattern-based improvisation. These results seem to indicate that positive emotion (characterized as increased valence) is associated with the creation of original ideas in drum playing and that the freer the creative process, the greater the positive effect. The implication of these results may be of particular relevance in the fields of music-based therapeutic interventions and music pedagogy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoneta N, Watanabe H, Shimojo A, Takano K, Saito T, Yagyu K, Shiraishi H, Yokosawa K, Boasen J. Magnetoencephalography Hyperscanning Evidence of Differing Cognitive Strategies Due to Social Role During Auditory Communication. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:790057. [PMID: 35983225 PMCID: PMC9380591 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.790057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory communication is an essential form of human social interaction. However, the intra-brain cortical-oscillatory drivers of auditory communication exchange remain relatively unexplored. We used improvisational music performance to simulate and capture the creativity and turn-taking dynamics of natural auditory communication. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) hyperscanning in musicians, we targeted brain activity during periods of music communication imagery, and separately analyzed theta (5–7 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), and beta (15–29 Hz) source-level activity using a within-subjects, two-factor approach which considered the assigned social role of the subject (leader or follower) and whether communication responses were improvisational (yes or no). Theta activity related to improvisational communication and social role significantly interacted in the left isthmus cingulate cortex. Social role was furthermore differentiated by pronounced occipital alpha and beta amplitude increases suggestive of working memory retention engagement in Followers but not Leaders. The results offer compelling evidence for both musical and social neuroscience that the cognitive strategies, and correspondingly the memory and attention-associated oscillatory brain activities of interlocutors during communication differs according to their social role/hierarchy, thereby indicating that social role/hierarchy needs to be controlled for in social neuroscience research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nano Yoneta
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Watanabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Child Studies, Toyooka Junior College, Toyooka, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimojo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takano
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Saito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuyori Yagyu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Yokosawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Koichi Yokosawa,
| | - Jared Boasen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Tech3Lab, HEC Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kasdan AV, Burgess AN, Pizzagalli F, Scartozzi A, Chern A, Kotz SA, Wilson SM, Gordon RL. Identifying a brain network for musical rhythm: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis and systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104588. [PMID: 35259422 PMCID: PMC9195154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating processing of musical rhythms in neurotypical adults. First, we identified a general network for musical rhythm, encompassing all relevant sensory and motor processes (Beat-based, rest baseline, 12 contrasts) which revealed a large network involving auditory and motor regions. This network included the bilateral superior temporal cortices, supplementary motor area (SMA), putamen, and cerebellum. Second, we identified more precise loci for beat-based musical rhythms (Beat-based, audio-motor control, 8 contrasts) in the bilateral putamen. Third, we identified regions modulated by beat based rhythmic complexity (Complexity, 16 contrasts) which included the bilateral SMA-proper/pre-SMA, cerebellum, inferior parietal regions, and right temporal areas. This meta-analysis suggests that musical rhythm is largely represented in a bilateral cortico-subcortical network. Our findings align with existing theoretical frameworks about auditory-motor coupling to a musical beat and provide a foundation for studying how the neural bases of musical rhythm may overlap with other cognitive domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kasdan
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Andrea N Burgess
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Scartozzi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Chern
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reyna L Gordon
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gande N. Neural Phenomenon in Musicality: The Interpretation of Dual-Processing Modes in Melodic Perception. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:823325. [PMID: 35496061 PMCID: PMC9051476 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.823325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The confluence of creativity in music performance finds itself in performance practices and cultural motifs, the communication of the human body along with the instrument it interacts with, and individual performers' perceptual, motor, and cognitive abilities that contribute to varied musical interpretations of the same piece or melodic line. The musical and artistic execution of a player, as well as the product of this phenomena can become determinant causes in a creative mental state. With advances in neurocognitive measures, the state of one's artistic intuition and execution has been a growing interest in understanding the creative thought process of human behavior, particularly in improvising artists. This article discusses the implementation on the concurrence of spontaneous (Type-1) and controlled (Type-2) processing modes that may be apparent in the perception of non-improvising artists on how melodic lines are perceived in music performance. Elucidating the cortical-subcortical activity in the dual-process model may extend to non-improvising musicians explored in the paradigm of neural correlates. These interactions may open new possibilities for expanding the repertoire of executive functions, creativity, and the coordinated activity of cortical-subcortical regions that regulate the free flow of artistic ideas and expressive spontaneity in future neuromusical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathazsha Gande
- Department of A-Levels, HELP University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vuust P, Heggli OA, Friston KJ, Kringelbach ML. Music in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:287-305. [PMID: 35352057 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Music is ubiquitous across human cultures - as a source of affective and pleasurable experience, moving us both physically and emotionally - and learning to play music shapes both brain structure and brain function. Music processing in the brain - namely, the perception of melody, harmony and rhythm - has traditionally been studied as an auditory phenomenon using passive listening paradigms. However, when listening to music, we actively generate predictions about what is likely to happen next. This enactive aspect has led to a more comprehensive understanding of music processing involving brain structures implicated in action, emotion and learning. Here we review the cognitive neuroscience literature of music perception. We show that music perception, action, emotion and learning all rest on the human brain's fundamental capacity for prediction - as formulated by the predictive coding of music model. This Review elucidates how this formulation of music perception and expertise in individuals can be extended to account for the dynamics and underlying brain mechanisms of collective music making. This in turn has important implications for human creativity as evinced by music improvisation. These recent advances shed new light on what makes music meaningful from a neuroscientific perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music (Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ole A Heggli
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music (Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music (Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brown S, Kim E. The neural basis of creative production: A cross-modal ALE meta-analysis. OPEN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psych-2020-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
One of the central questions about the cognitive neuroscience of creativity is the extent to which creativity depends on either domain-specific or domain-general mechanisms. To address this question, we carried out two parallel activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses of creativity: 1) a motoric analysis that combined studies across five domains of creative production (verbalizing, music, movement, writing, and drawing), and 2) an analysis of the standard ideational task used to study divergent thinking, the Alternate Uses task. All experiments contained a contrast between a creative task and a matched non-creative or less-creative task that controlled for the sensorimotor demands of task performance. The activation profiles of the two meta-analyses were non-overlapping, but both pointed to a domain-specific interpretation in which creative production is, at least in part, an enhancement of sensorimotor brain areas involved in non-creative production. The most concordant areas of activation in the motoric meta-analysis were high-level motor areas such as the pre-supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus that interface motor planning and executive control, suggesting a means of uniting domain-specificity and -generality in creative production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Eunseon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arkhipova A, Hok P, Valošek J, Trnečková M, Všetičková G, Coufalová G, Synek J, Zouhar V, Hluštík P. Changes in Brain Responses to Music and Non-music Sounds Following Creativity Training Within the "Different Hearing" Program. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:703620. [PMID: 34658759 PMCID: PMC8517178 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "Different Hearing" program (DHP) is an educational activity aimed at stimulating musical creativity of children and adults by group composing in the classroom, alternative to the mainstream model of music education in Czechia. Composing in the classroom in the DHP context does not use traditional musical instruments or notation, instead, the participants use their bodies, sounds originating from common objects as well as environmental sounds as the "elements" for music composition by the participants' team, with the teacher initiating and then participating and coordinating the creative process, which ends with writing down a graphical score and then performing the composition in front of an audience. The DHP methodology works with a wide definition of musical composition. We hypothesized that the DHP short-term (2 days) intense workshop would induce changes in subjective appreciation of different classes of music and sound (including typical samples of music composed in the DHP course), as well as plastic changes of the brain systems engaged in creative thinking and music perception, in their response to diverse auditory stimuli. In our study, 22 healthy university students participated in the workshop over 2 days and underwent fMRI examinations before and after the workshop, meanwhile 24 students were also scanned twice as a control group. During fMRI, each subject was listening to musical and non-musical sound samples, indicating their esthetic impression with a button press after each sample. As a result, participants' favorable feelings toward non-musical sound samples were significantly increased only in the active group. fMRI data analyzed using ANOVA with post hoc ROI analysis showed significant group-by-time interaction (opposing trends in the two groups) in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, which are functional hubs of the default mode network (DMN) and in parts of the executive, motor, and auditory networks. The findings suggest that DHP training modified the behavioral and brain response to diverse sound samples, differentially changing the engagement of functional networks known to be related to creative thinking, namely, increasing DMN activation and decreasing activation of the executive network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arkhipova
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavel Hok
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Valošek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Markéta Trnečková
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.,Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Všetičková
- Department of Music Education, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Coufalová
- Department of Music Education, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jaromír Synek
- Department of Music Education, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Vít Zouhar
- Department of Music Education, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Hluštík
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spatiospectral brain networks reflective of improvisational experience. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118458. [PMID: 34363958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical improvisers are trained to categorize certain musical structures into functional classes, which is thought to facilitate improvisation. Using a novel auditory oddball paradigm (Goldman et al., 2020) which enables us to disassociate a deviant (i.e. musical chord inversion) from a consistent functional class, we recorded scalp EEG from a group of musicians who spanned a range of improvisational and classically trained experience. Using a spatiospectral based inter and intra network connectivity analysis, we found that improvisers showed a variety of differences in connectivity within and between large-scale cortical networks compared to classically trained musicians, as a function of deviant type. Inter-network connectivity in the alpha band, for a time window leading up to the behavioural response, was strongly linked to improvisation experience, with the default mode network acting as a hub. Spatiospectral networks post response were substantially different between improvisers and classically trained musicians, with greater inter-network connectivity (specific to the alpha and beta bands) seen in improvisers whereas those with more classical training had largely reduced inter-network activity (mostly in the gamma band). More generally, we interpret our findings in the context of network-level correlates of expectation violation as a function of subject expertise, and we discuss how these may generalize to other and more ecologically valid scenarios.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Meng J, Chen Q, Yang W, Wei D, Qiu J. Plasticity of the resting-state brain: static and dynamic functional connectivity change induced by divergent thinking training. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1498-1506. [PMID: 30868403 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Creativity is very important and is linked to almost all areas of our everyday life. Improving creativity brings great benefits. Various strategies and training paradigms have been used to stimulate creative thinking. These training approaches have been confirmed to be effective. However, whether or not training can reshape the resting-state brain is still unclear. The present study examined whether or not the divergent thinking training intervention can reshape the resting-state brain functional connectivity (FC). Static seed-based and dynamic approaches were used to explore this problem. Results demonstrate significant changes in static and dynamic FCs. FCs, such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-inferior parietal lobule, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-precuneus and left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, was significantly improved through the training. Furthermore, the temporal variability of the supplementary motor area and middle temporal gyrus was improved. These results indicate that divergent thinking training may lead to resting-state brain plasticity. Considering the role of these regions in brain networks, the present study further confirms the close relationship between the brain networks' dynamic interactions and divergent thinking processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Daikoku T, Wiggins GA, Nagai Y. Statistical Properties of Musical Creativity: Roles of Hierarchy and Uncertainty in Statistical Learning. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:640412. [PMID: 33958983 PMCID: PMC8093513 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.640412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity is part of human nature and is commonly understood as a phenomenon whereby something original and worthwhile is formed. Owing to this ability, humans can produce innovative information that often facilitates growth in our society. Creativity also contributes to esthetic and artistic productions, such as music and art. However, the mechanism by which creativity emerges in the brain remains debatable. Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that statistical learning contributes to creativity. Statistical learning is an innate and implicit function of the human brain and is considered essential for brain development. Through statistical learning, humans can produce and comprehend structured information, such as music. It is thought that creativity is linked to acquired knowledge, but so-called "eureka" moments often occur unexpectedly under subconscious conditions, without the intention to use the acquired knowledge. Given that a creative moment is intrinsically implicit, we postulate that some types of creativity can be linked to implicit statistical knowledge in the brain. This article reviews neural and computational studies on how creativity emerges within the framework of statistical learning in the brain (i.e., statistical creativity). Here, we propose a hierarchical model of statistical learning: statistically chunking into a unit (hereafter and shallow statistical learning) and combining several units (hereafter and deep statistical learning). We suggest that deep statistical learning contributes dominantly to statistical creativity in music. Furthermore, the temporal dynamics of perceptual uncertainty can be another potential causal factor in statistical creativity. Considering that statistical learning is fundamental to brain development, we also discuss how typical versus atypical brain development modulates hierarchical statistical learning and statistical creativity. We believe that this review will shed light on the key roles of statistical learning in musical creativity and facilitate further investigation of how creativity emerges in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Daikoku
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Geraint A. Wiggins
- AI Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dhakal K, Norgaard M, Dhamala M. Enhanced White Matter Fiber Tracts in Advanced Jazz Improvisers. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040506. [PMID: 33923597 PMCID: PMC8073640 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cognition and behavior arise from neuronal interactions over brain structural networks. These neuronal interactions cause changes in structural networks over time. How a creative activity such as musical improvisation performance changes the brain structure is largely unknown. In this diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined the brain’s white matter fiber properties in previously identified functional networks and compared the findings between advanced jazz improvisers and non-musicians. We found that, for advanced improvisers compared with non-musicians, the normalized quantitative anisotropy (NQA) is elevated in the lateral prefrontal areas and supplementary motor area, and the underlying white matter fiber tracts connecting these areas. This enhancement of the diffusion anisotropy along the fiber pathway connecting the lateral prefrontal and supplementary motor is consistent with the functional networks during musical improvisation tasks performed by expert jazz improvisers. These findings together suggest that experts’ creative skill is associated with the task-relevant, long-timescale brain structural network changes, in support of related cognitive underpinnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dhakal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Martin Norgaard
- School of Music, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Georgia State-Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Center for Nano-Optics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wenger E, Papadaki E, Werner A, Kühn S, Lindenberger U. Observing Plasticity of the Auditory System: Volumetric Decreases Along with Increased Functional Connectivity in Aspiring Professional Musicians. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab008. [PMID: 34296157 PMCID: PMC8152844 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Playing music relies on several sensory systems and the motor system, and poses strong demands on control processes, hence, offering an excellent model to study how experience can mold brain structure and function. Although most studies on neural correlates of music expertise rely on cross-sectional comparisons, here we compared within-person changes over time in aspiring professionals intensely preparing for an entrance exam at a University of the Arts to skilled amateur musicians not preparing for a music exam. In the group of aspiring professionals, we observed gray-matter volume decrements in left planum polare, posterior insula, and left inferior frontal orbital gyrus over a period of about 6 months that were absent among the amateur musicians. At the same time, the left planum polare, the largest cluster of structural change, showed increasing functional connectivity with left and right auditory cortex, left precentral gyrus, left supplementary motor cortex, left and right postcentral gyrus, and left cingulate cortex, all regions previously identified to relate to music expertise. In line with the expansion-renormalization pattern of brain plasticity (Wenger et al., 2017a. Expansion and renormalization of human brain structure during skill acquisition. Trends Cogn Sci. 21:930-939.), the aspiring professionals might have been in the selection and refinement period of plastic change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Wenger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Papadaki
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Werner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and WC1B 5EH London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schiavio A, Benedek M. Dimensions of Musical Creativity. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:578932. [PMID: 33328852 PMCID: PMC7734132 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current literature on creative cognition has developed rich conceptual landscapes dedicated to the analysis of both individual and collective forms of creativity. This work has favored the emergence of unifying theories on domain-general creative abilities in which the main experiential, behavioral, computational, and neural aspects involved in everyday creativity are examined and discussed. But while such accounts have gained important analytical leverage for describing the overall conditions and mechanisms through which creativity emerges and operates, they necessarily leave contextual forms of creativity less explored. Among the latter, musical practices have recently drawn the attention of scholars interested in its creative properties as well as in the creative potential of those who engage with them. In the present article, we compare previously posed theories of creativity in musical and non-musical domains to lay the basis of a conceptual framework that mitigates the tension between (i) individual and collective and (ii) domain-general and domain-specific perspectives on creativity. In doing so, we draw from a range of scholarship in music and enactive cognitive science, and propose that creative cognition may be best understood as a process of skillful organism-environment adaptation that one cultivates endlessly. With its focus on embodiment, plurality, and adaptiveness, our account points to a structured unity between living systems and their world, disclosing a variety of novel analytical resources for research and theory across different dimensions of (musical) creativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schiavio
- Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Manzano Ö, Kuckelkorn KL, Ström K, Ullén F. Action-Perception Coupling and Near Transfer: Listening to Melodies after Piano Practice Triggers Sequence-Specific Representations in the Auditory-Motor Network. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5193-5203. [PMID: 32440689 PMCID: PMC7472192 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how perception and action are coupled in the brain has important implications for training, rehabilitation, and brain–machine interfaces. Ideomotor theory postulates that willed actions are represented through previously experienced effects and initiated by the anticipation of those effects. Previous research has accordingly found that sensory events, if previously associated with action outcomes, can induce activity in motor regions. However, it remains unclear whether the motor-related activity induced during perception of more naturalistic sequences of actions actually represents “sequence-specific” information. In the present study, nonmusicians were firstly trained to play two melodies on the piano; secondly, they performed an fMRI experiment while listening to these melodies as well as novel, untrained melodies; thirdly, multivariate pattern analysis was used to test if voxel-wise patterns of brain activity could identify trained, but not novel melodies. The results importantly show that after associative learning, a series of sensory events can trigger sequence-specific representations in both sensory and motor networks. Interestingly, also novel melodies could be classified in multiple regions, including default mode regions. A control experiment confirmed these outcomes to be training-dependent. We discuss how action-perception coupling may enable spontaneous near transfer and action simulation during action observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Örjan de Manzano
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen L Kuckelkorn
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Ström
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ullén
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cerebral Substrates for Controlling Rhythmic Movements. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080514. [PMID: 32756401 PMCID: PMC7465184 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our daily lives are filled with rhythmic movements, such as walking, sports, and dancing, but the mechanisms by which the brain controls rhythmic movements are poorly understood. In this review, we examine the literature on neuropsychological studies of patients with focal brain lesions, and functional brain imaging studies primarily using finger-tapping tasks. These studies suggest a close connection between sensory and motor processing of rhythm, with no apparent distinction between the two functions. Thus, we conducted two functional brain imaging studies to survey the rhythm representations relatively independent of sensory and motor functions. First, we determined brain activations related to rhythm processing in a sensory modality-independent manner. Second, we examined body part-independent brain activation related to rhythm reproduction. Based on previous literature, we discuss how brain areas contribute rhythmic motor control. Furthermore, we also discuss the mechanisms by which the brain controls rhythmic movements.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen Q, Beaty RE, Qiu J. Mapping the artistic brain: Common and distinct neural activations associated with musical, drawing, and literary creativity. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3403-3419. [PMID: 32472741 PMCID: PMC7375056 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether creativity is a domain‐general or domain‐specific ability has been a topic of intense speculation. Although previous studies have examined domain‐specific mechanisms of creative performance, little is known about commonalities and distinctions in neural correlates across different domains. We applied activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis to identify the brain activation of domain‐mechanisms by synthesizing functional neuroimaging studies across three forms of artistic creativity: music improvisation, drawing, and literary creativity. ALE meta‐analysis yielded a domain‐general pattern across three artistic forms, with overlapping clusters in the presupplementary motor area (pre‐SMA), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Regarding domain‐specificity, musical creativity was associated with recruitment of the SMA‐proper, bilateral IFG, left precentral gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) compared to the other two artistic forms; drawing creativity recruited the left fusiform gyrus, left precuneus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right MFG compared to musical creativity; and literary creativity recruited the left angular gyrus and right lingual gyrus compared to musical creativity. Contrasting drawing and literary creativity revealed no significant differences in neural activation, suggesting that these domains may rely on a common neurocognitive system. Overall, these findings reveal a central, domain‐general system for artistic creativity, but with each domain relying to some degree on domain‐specific neural circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunlin Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jiang Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bashwiner DM, Bacon DK, Wertz CJ, Flores RA, Chohan MO, Jung RE. Resting state functional connectivity underlying musical creativity. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116940. [PMID: 32422402 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the behavior of "being musically creative"- improvising, composing, songwriting, etc.-is undoubtedly a complex and highly variable one, recent neuroscientific investigation has offered significant insight into the neural underpinnings of many of the creative processes contributing to such behavior. A previous study from our research group (Bashwiner et al., 2016), which examined two aspects of brain structure as a function of creative musical experience, found significantly increased cortical surface area or subcortical volume in regions of the default-mode network, a motor planning network, and a "limbic" network. The present study sought to determine how these regions coordinate with one another and with other regions of the brain in a large number of participants (n = 218) during a task-neutral period, i.e., during the "resting state." Deriving from the previous study's results a set of eleven regions of interest (ROIs), the present study analyzed the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) from each of these seed regions as a function of creative musical experience (assessed via our Musical Creativity Questionnaire). Of the eleven ROIs investigated, nine showed significant correlations with a total of 22 clusters throughout the brain, the most significant being located in bilateral cerebellum, right inferior frontal gyrus, midline thalamus (particularly the mediodorsal nucleus), and medial premotor regions. These results support prior reports (by ourselves and others) implicating regions of the default-mode, executive, and motor-planning networks in musical creativity, while additionally-and somewhat unanticipatedly-including a potentially much larger role for the salience network than has been previously reported in studies of musical creativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Bashwiner
- University of New Mexico, Department of Music, MSC04-2570, l University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Donna K Bacon
- University of New Mexico, Department of Music, MSC04-2570, l University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; Brain and Behavioral Associates, 1014 Lomas Boulevard NW, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA; University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, MXC03-2220, l University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Christopher J Wertz
- Brain and Behavioral Associates, 1014 Lomas Boulevard NW, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
| | - Ranee A Flores
- Brain and Behavioral Associates, 1014 Lomas Boulevard NW, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
| | - Muhammad O Chohan
- University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center SOM, Department of Neurosurgery, MSC10-5615, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rex E Jung
- Brain and Behavioral Associates, 1014 Lomas Boulevard NW, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA; University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, MXC03-2220, l University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; University of New Mexico, Department of Neurosurgery, MSC10-5615, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Faber SEM, McIntosh AR. Towards a standard model of musical improvisation. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:840-849. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
21
|
Sasaki M, Iversen J, Callan DE. Music Improvisation Is Characterized by Increase EEG Spectral Power in Prefrontal and Perceptual Motor Cortical Sources and Can be Reliably Classified From Non-improvisatory Performance. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:435. [PMID: 31920594 PMCID: PMC6915035 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study expores neural activity underlying creative processes through the investigation of music improvisation. Fourteen guitar players with a high level of improvisation skill participated in this experiment. The experimental task involved playing 32-s alternating blocks of improvisation and scales on guitar. electroencephalography (EEG) data was measured continuously throughout the experiment. In order to remove potential artifacts and extract brain-related activity the following signal processing techniques were employed: bandpass filtering, Artifact Subspace Reconstruction, and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). For each participant, artifact related independent components (ICs) were removed from the EEG data and only ICs found to be from brain activity were retained. Source localization using this brain-related activity was carried out using sLORETA. Greater activity for improvisation over scale was found in multiple frequency bands (theta, alpha, and beta) localized primarily in the medial frontal cortex (MFC), Middle frontal gyrus (MFG), anterior cingulate, polar medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), premotor cortex (PMC), pre and postcentral gyrus (PreCG and PostCG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and the temporal-parietal junction. Together this collection of brain regions suggests that improvisation was mediated by processes involved in coordinating planned sequences of movement that are modulated in response to ongoing environmental context through monitoring and feedback of sensory states in relation to internal plans and goals. Machine-learning using Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) for EEG feature extraction attained a mean of over 75% classification performance for improvisation vs. scale conditions across participants. These machine-learning results are a step towards the development of a brain-computer interface that could be used for neurofeedback training to improve creativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - John Iversen
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Daniel E Callan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
24
|
Anic A, Olsen KN, Thompson WF. Investigating the Role of the Primary Motor Cortex in Musical Creativity: A Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1758. [PMID: 30327622 PMCID: PMC6174363 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientific research has revealed interconnected brain networks implicated in musical creativity, such as the executive control network, the default mode network, and premotor cortices. The present study employed brain stimulation to evaluate the role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in creative and technically fluent jazz piano improvisations. We implemented transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to alter the neural activation patterns of the left hemispheric M1 whilst pianists performed improvisations with their right hand. Two groups of expert jazz pianists (n = 8 per group) performed five improvisations in each of two blocks. In Block 1, they improvised in the absence of brain stimulation. In Block 2, one group received inhibitory tDCS and the second group received excitatory tDCS while performing five new improvisations. Three independent expert-musicians judged the 160 performances on creativity and technical fluency using a 10-point Likert scale. As the M1 is involved in the acquisition and consolidation of motor skills and the control of hand orientation and velocity, we predicted that excitatory tDCS would increase the quality of improvisations relative to inhibitory tDCS. Indeed, improvisations under conditions of excitatory tDCS were rated as significantly more creative than those under conditions of inhibitory tDCS. A music analysis indicated that excitatory tDCS elicited improvisations with greater pitch range and number/variety of notes. Ratings of technical fluency did not differ significantly between tDCS groups. We discuss plausible mechanisms by which the M1 region contributes to musical creativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Anic
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirk N Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Forde Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Saggar M, Quintin EM, Bott NT, Kienitz E, Chien YH, Hong DWC, Liu N, Royalty A, Hawthorne G, Reiss AL. Changes in Brain Activation Associated with Spontaneous Improvization and Figural Creativity After Design-Thinking-Based Training: A Longitudinal fMRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3542-3552. [PMID: 27307467 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity is widely recognized as an essential skill for entrepreneurial success and adaptation to daily-life demands. However, we know little about the neural changes associated with creative capacity enhancement. For the first time, using a prospective, randomized control design, we examined longitudinal changes in brain activity associated with participating in a five-week design-thinking-based Creative Capacity Building Program (CCBP), when compared with Language Capacity Building Program (LCBP). Creativity, an elusive and multifaceted construct, is loosely defined as an ability to produce useful/appropriate and novel outcomes. Here, we focus on one of the facets of creative thinking-spontaneous improvization. Participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention for spontaneous improvization skills using a game-like figural Pictionary-based fMRI task. Whole-brain group-by-time interaction revealed reduced task-related activity in CCBP participants (compared with LCBP participants) after training in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior/paracingulate gyrus, supplementary motor area, and parietal regions. Further, greater cerebellar-cerebral connectivity was observed in CCBP participants at post-intervention when compared with LCBP participants. In sum, our results suggest that improvization-based creative capacity enhancement is associated with reduced engagement of executive functioning regions and increased involvement of spontaneous implicit processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Saggar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eve-Marie Quintin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bott
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford University Psy.D. Consortium, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Eliza Kienitz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford University Psy.D. Consortium, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yin-Hsuan Chien
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Zhong-Xing Branch, No. 145 Zhengzhou Rd, Datong area, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel W-C Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ning Liu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam Royalty
- Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, Stanford University, Building 550, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grace Hawthorne
- Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, Stanford University, Building 550, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Boasen J, Takeshita Y, Kuriki S, Yokosawa K. Spectral-Spatial Differentiation of Brain Activity During Mental Imagery of Improvisational Music Performance Using MEG. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:156. [PMID: 29740300 PMCID: PMC5928205 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group musical improvisation is thought to be akin to conversation, and therapeutically has been shown to be effective at improving communicativeness, sociability, creative expression, and overall psychological health. To understand these therapeutic effects, clarifying the nature of brain activity during improvisational cognition is important. Some insight regarding brain activity during improvisational music cognition has been gained via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). However, we have found no reports based on magnetoencephalography (MEG). With the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of improvisational music performance experimentation in MEG. We designed a novel MEG-compatible keyboard, and used it with experienced musicians (N = 13) in a music performance paradigm to spectral-spatially differentiate spontaneous brain activity during mental imagery of improvisational music performance. Analyses of source activity revealed that mental imagery of improvisational music performance induced greater theta (5–7 Hz) activity in left temporal areas associated with rhythm production and communication, greater alpha (8–12 Hz) activity in left premotor and parietal areas associated with sensorimotor integration, and less beta (15–29 Hz) activity in right frontal areas associated with inhibition control. These findings support the notion that musical improvisation is conversational, and suggest that creation of novel auditory content is facilitated by a more internally-directed, disinhibited cognitive state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Boasen
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuya Takeshita
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuriki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koichi Yokosawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chauvigné LAS, Belyk M, Brown S. Taking two to tango: fMRI analysis of improvised joint action with physical contact. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191098. [PMID: 29324862 PMCID: PMC5764359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many forms of joint action involve physical coupling between the participants, such as when moving a sofa together or dancing a tango. We report the results of a novel two-person functional MRI study in which trained couple dancers engaged in bimanual contact with an experimenter standing next to the bore of the magnet, and in which the two alternated between being the leader and the follower of joint improvised movements. Leading showed a general pattern of self-orientation, being associated with brain areas involved in motor planning, navigation, sequencing, action monitoring, and error correction. In contrast, following showed a far more sensory, externally-oriented pattern, revealing areas involved in somatosensation, proprioception, motion tracking, social cognition, and outcome monitoring. We also had participants perform a "mutual" condition in which the movement patterns were pre-learned and the roles were symmetric, thereby minimizing any tendency toward either leading or following. The mutual condition showed greater activity in brain areas involved in mentalizing and social reward than did leading or following. Finally, the analysis of improvisation revealed the dual importance of motor-planning and working-memory areas. We discuss these results in terms of theories of both joint action and improvisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa A. S. Chauvigné
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Belyk
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kleinmintz OM, Abecasis D, Tauber A, Geva A, Chistyakov AV, Kreinin I, Klein E, Shamay-Tsoory SG. Participation of the left inferior frontal gyrus in human originality. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:329-341. [PMID: 28828749 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human creative cognition is commonly described as a twofold cyclic process that involves an idea generation phase and an idea evaluation phase. Although the evaluation phase makes a crucial contribution to originality, its underlying mechanisms have not received sufficient research attention. Here, we suggest that the left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG) plays a major role in the interplay between the evaluation and generation networks and that inhibiting this region's activity may have an effect on "releasing" the generation neural network, resulting in greater originality. To examine the neural networks that mediate the generation and evaluation of ideas, we conducted an fMRI experiment on a group of healthy human participants (Study 1), in which we compared an idea generation task to an idea evaluation task. We found that evaluating the originality of ideas is indeed associated with a relative increase in lIFG activation, as opposed to generating original ideas. We further showed that temporarily inhibiting the lIFG using continuous theta-burst stimulation (Study 2) results in less strict evaluation on the one hand and increased originality scores on the other. Our findings provide converging evidence from multiple methods to show that the lIFG participates in evaluating the originality of ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oded M Kleinmintz
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Donna Abecasis
- The Graduate School of Creative Arts Therapies, Emili Sagol C.A.T Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amitay Tauber
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amit Geva
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Ehud Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cona G, Semenza C. Supplementary motor area as key structure for domain-general sequence processing: A unified account. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:28-42. [PMID: 27856331 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
30
|
Adhikari BM, Norgaard M, Quinn KM, Ampudia J, Squirek J, Dhamala M. The Brain Network Underpinning Novel Melody Creation. Brain Connect 2016; 6:772-785. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2016.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bhim M. Adhikari
- Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kristen M. Quinn
- Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jenine Ampudia
- Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Justin Squirek
- Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Nano-Optics, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Musical Creativity "Revealed" in Brain Structure: Interplay between Motor, Default Mode, and Limbic Networks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20482. [PMID: 26888383 PMCID: PMC4757893 DOI: 10.1038/srep20482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Creative behaviors are among the most complex that humans engage in, involving not only highly intricate, domain-specific knowledge and skill, but also domain-general processing styles and the affective drive to create. This study presents structural imaging data indicating that musically creative people (as indicated by self-report) have greater cortical surface area or volume in a) regions associated with domain-specific higher-cognitive motor activity and sound processing (dorsal premotor cortex, supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas, and planum temporale), b) domain-general creative-ideation regions associated with the default mode network (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and temporal pole), and c) emotion-related regions (orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, and amygdala). These findings suggest that domain-specific musical expertise, default-mode cognitive processing style, and intensity of emotional experience might all coordinate to motivate and facilitate the drive to create music.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Creative thinking is central to the arts, sciences, and everyday life. How does the brain produce creative thought? A series of recently published papers has begun to provide insight into this question, reporting a strikingly similar pattern of brain activity and connectivity across a range of creative tasks and domains, from divergent thinking to poetry composition to musical improvisation. This research suggests that creative thought involves dynamic interactions of large-scale brain systems, with the most compelling finding being that the default and executive control networks, which can show an antagonistic relation, tend to cooperate during creative cognition and artistic performance. These findings have implications for understanding how brain networks interact to support complex cognitive processes, particularly those involving goal-directed, self-generated thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | | | - Paul J Silvia
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Beaty RE, Benedek M, Silvia PJ, Schacter DL. Creative Cognition and Brain Network Dynamics. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 20:87-95. [PMID: 26553223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Creative thinking is central to the arts, sciences, and everyday life. How does the brain produce creative thought? A series of recently published papers has begun to provide insight into this question, reporting a strikingly similar pattern of brain activity and connectivity across a range of creative tasks and domains, from divergent thinking to poetry composition to musical improvisation. This research suggests that creative thought involves dynamic interactions of large-scale brain systems, with the most compelling finding being that the default and executive control networks, which can show an antagonistic relation, tend to cooperate during creative cognition and artistic performance. These findings have implications for understanding how brain networks interact to support complex cognitive processes, particularly those involving goal-directed, self-generated thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | | | - Paul J Silvia
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bednark JG, Campbell MEJ, Cunnington R. Basal ganglia and cortical networks for sequential ordering and rhythm of complex movements. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:421. [PMID: 26283945 PMCID: PMC4515550 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary actions require the concurrent engagement and coordinated control of complex temporal (e.g., rhythm) and ordinal motor processes. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we sought to determine the degree to which these complex motor processes are dissociable in basal ganglia and cortical networks. We employed three different finger-tapping tasks that differed in the demand on the sequential temporal rhythm or sequential ordering of submovements. Our results demonstrate that sequential rhythm and sequential order tasks were partially dissociable based on activation differences. The sequential rhythm task activated a widespread network centered around the supplementary motor area (SMA) and basal-ganglia regions including the dorsomedial putamen and caudate nucleus, while the sequential order task preferentially activated a fronto-parietal network. There was also extensive overlap between sequential rhythm and sequential order tasks, with both tasks commonly activating bilateral premotor, supplementary motor, and superior/inferior parietal cortical regions, as well as regions of the caudate/putamen of the basal ganglia and the ventro-lateral thalamus. Importantly, within the cortical regions that were active for both complex movements, MVPA could accurately classify different patterns of activation for the sequential rhythm and sequential order tasks. In the basal ganglia, however, overlapping activation for the sequential rhythm and sequential order tasks, which was found in classic motor circuits of the putamen and ventro-lateral thalamus, could not be accurately differentiated by MVPA. Overall, our results highlight the convergent architecture of the motor system, where complex motor information that is spatially distributed in the cortex converges into a more compact representation in the basal ganglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery G Bednark
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Megan E J Campbell
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Cunnington
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia ; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pinho AL, Ullén F, Castelo-Branco M, Fransson P, de Manzano Ö. Addressing a Paradox: Dual Strategies for Creative Performance in Introspective and Extrospective Networks. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:3052-63. [PMID: 26088973 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of internally generated behaviors have shown seemingly paradoxical results regarding the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which has been found to activate, not activate or even deactivate relative to control conditions. On the one hand, the DLPFC has been argued to exert top-down control over generative thought by inhibiting habitual responses; on the other hand, a deactivation and concomitant decrease in monitoring and focused attention has been suggested to facilitate spontaneous associations and novel insights. Here, we demonstrate that prefrontal engagement in creative cognition depends dramatically on experimental conditions, that is, the goal of the task. We instructed professional pianists to perform improvisations on a piano keyboard during fMRI and play, either with a certain emotional content (happy/fearful), or using certain keys (tonal/atonal pitch-sets). We found lower activity in primarily the right DLPFC, dorsal premotor cortex and inferior parietal cortex during emotional conditions compared with pitch-set conditions. Furthermore, the DLPFC was functionally connected to the default mode network during emotional conditions and to the premotor network during pitch-set conditions. The results thus support the notion of two broad cognitive strategies for creative problem solving, relying on extrospective and introspective neural circuits, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Pinho
- Department of Neuroscience PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
| | | | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- IBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging in Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Beaty RE. The neuroscience of musical improvisation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 51:108-17. [PMID: 25601088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have recently begun to examine the neural basis of musical improvisation, one of the most complex forms of creative behavior. The emerging field of improvisation neuroscience has implications not only for the study of artistic expertise, but also for understanding the neural underpinnings of domain-general processes such as motor control and language production. This review synthesizes functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI) studies of musical improvisation, including vocal and instrumental improvisation, with samples of jazz pianists, classical musicians, freestyle rap artists, and non-musicians. A network of prefrontal brain regions commonly linked to improvisatory behavior is highlighted, including the pre-supplementary motor area, medial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal premotor cortex. Activation of premotor and lateral prefrontal regions suggests that a seemingly unconstrained behavior may actually benefit from motor planning and cognitive control. Yet activation of cortical midline regions points to a role of spontaneous cognition characteristic of the default network. Together, such results may reflect cooperation between large-scale brain networks associated with cognitive control and spontaneous thought. The improvisation literature is integrated with Pressing's theoretical model, and discussed within the broader context of research on the brain basis of creative cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Beaty
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Olshansky MP, Bar RJ, Fogarty M, DeSouza JFX. Supplementary motor area and primary auditory cortex activation in an expert break-dancer during the kinesthetic motor imagery of dance to music. Neurocase 2015; 21:607-17. [PMID: 25301352 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2014.960428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural activity of an expert dancer with 35 years of break-dancing experience during the kinesthetic motor imagery (KMI) of dance accompanied by highly familiar and unfamiliar music. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of musical familiarity on neural activity underlying KMI within a highly experienced dancer. In order to investigate this in both primary sensory and motor planning cortical areas, we examined the effects of music familiarity on the primary auditory cortex [Heschl's gyrus (HG)] and the supplementary motor area (SMA). Our findings reveal reduced HG activity and greater SMA activity during imagined dance to familiar music compared to unfamiliar music. We propose that one's internal representations of dance moves are influenced by auditory stimuli and may be specific to a dance style and the music accompanying it.
Collapse
|
38
|
Brown RM, Zatorre RJ, Penhune VB. Expert music performance: cognitive, neural, and developmental bases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 217:57-86. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
39
|
Wan X, Crüts B, Jensen HJ. The causal inference of cortical neural networks during music improvisations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112776. [PMID: 25489852 PMCID: PMC4260787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an EEG study of two music improvisation experiments. Professional musicians with high level of improvisation skills were asked to perform music either according to notes (composed music) or in improvisation. Each piece of music was performed in two different modes: strict mode and "let-go" mode. Synchronized EEG data was measured from both musicians and listeners. We used one of the most reliable causality measures: conditional Mutual Information from Mixed Embedding (MIME), to analyze directed correlations between different EEG channels, which was combined with network theory to construct both intra-brain and cross-brain networks. Differences were identified in intra-brain neural networks between composed music and improvisation and between strict mode and "let-go" mode. Particular brain regions such as frontal, parietal and temporal regions were found to play a key role in differentiating the brain activities between different playing conditions. By comparing the level of degree centralities in intra-brain neural networks, we found a difference between the response of musicians and the listeners when comparing the different playing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogeng Wan
- Department of Mathematics and Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Crüts
- Brainmarker BV, Molenweg 15a, Gulpen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen
- Department of Mathematics and Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Groussard M, Viader F, Landeau B, Desgranges B, Eustache F, Platel H. The effects of musical practice on structural plasticity: The dynamics of grey matter changes. Brain Cogn 2014; 90:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
41
|
Schaefer RS, Morcom AM, Roberts N, Overy K. Moving to music: effects of heard and imagined musical cues on movement-related brain activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:774. [PMID: 25309407 PMCID: PMC4176038 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Music is commonly used to facilitate or support movement, and increasingly used in movement rehabilitation. Additionally, there is some evidence to suggest that music imagery, which is reported to lead to brain signatures similar to music perception, may also assist movement. However, it is not yet known whether either imagined or musical cueing changes the way in which the motor system of the human brain is activated during simple movements. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare neural activity during wrist flexions performed to either heard or imagined music with self-pacing of the same movement without any cueing. Focusing specifically on the motor network of the brain, analyses were performed within a mask of BA4, BA6, the basal ganglia (putamen, caudate, and pallidum), the motor nuclei of the thalamus, and the whole cerebellum. Results revealed that moving to music compared with self-paced movement resulted in significantly increased activation in left cerebellum VI. Moving to imagined music led to significantly more activation in pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and right globus pallidus, relative to self-paced movement. When the music and imagery cueing conditions were contrasted directly, movements in the music condition showed significantly more activity in left hemisphere cerebellum VII and right hemisphere and vermis of cerebellum IX, while the imagery condition revealed more significant activity in pre-SMA. These results suggest that cueing movement with actual or imagined music impacts upon engagement of motor network regions during the movement, and suggest that heard and imagined cues can modulate movement in subtly different ways. These results may have implications for the applicability of auditory cueing in movement rehabilitation for different patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Schaefer
- SAGE Center for the Study of the Mind, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA , USA
| | - Alexa M Morcom
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre (CRIC), Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Katie Overy
- Institute for Music in Human and Social Development, Reid School of Music, Edinburgh College of Art, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Don Wright Faculty of Music, Department of Music Education, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Connecting to create: expertise in musical improvisation is associated with increased functional connectivity between premotor and prefrontal areas. J Neurosci 2014; 34:6156-63. [PMID: 24790186 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4769-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Musicians have been used extensively to study neural correlates of long-term practice, but no studies have investigated the specific effects of training musical creativity. Here, we used human functional MRI to measure brain activity during improvisation in a sample of 39 professional pianists with varying backgrounds in classical and jazz piano playing. We found total hours of improvisation experience to be negatively associated with activity in frontoparietal executive cortical areas. In contrast, improvisation training was positively associated with functional connectivity of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, dorsal premotor cortices, and presupplementary areas. The effects were significant when controlling for hours of classical piano practice and age. These results indicate that even neural mechanisms involved in creative behaviors, which require a flexible online generation of novel and meaningful output, can be automated by training. Second, improvisational musical training can influence functional brain properties at a network level. We show that the greater functional connectivity seen in experienced improvisers may reflect a more efficient exchange of information within associative networks of importance for musical creativity.
Collapse
|