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Bálint A, Szabó Á, Andics A, Gácsi M. Dog and human neural sensitivity to voicelikeness: A comparative fMRI study. Neuroimage 2023; 265:119791. [PMID: 36476565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Voice-sensitivity in the auditory cortex of a range of mammals has been proposed to be determined primarily by tuning to conspecific auditory stimuli, but recent human findings indicate a role for a more general tuning to voicelikeness. Vocal emotional valence, a central characteristic of vocalisations, has been linked to the same basic acoustic parameters across species. Comparative neuroimaging revealed that during voice perception, such acoustic parameters modulate emotional valence-sensitivity in auditory cortical regions in both family dogs and humans. To explore the role of voicelikeness in auditory emotional valence-sensitivity across species, here we constructed artificial emotional sounds in two sound categories: voice-like vs. sine-wave sounds, parametrically modulating two main acoustic parameters, f0 and call length. We hypothesised that if mammalian auditory systems are characterised by a general tuning to voicelikeness, voice-like sounds will be processed preferentially, and acoustic parameters for voice-like sounds will be processed differently than for sine-wave sounds - both in dogs and humans. We found cortical areas in both species that responded stronger to voice-like than to sine-wave stimuli, while there were no regions responding stronger to sine-wave sounds in either species. Additionally, we found that in bilateral primary and emotional valence-sensitive auditory regions of both species, the processing of voice-like and sine-wave sounds are modulated by f0 in opposite ways. These results reveal functional similarities between evolutionarily distant mammals for processing voicelikeness and its effect on processing basic acoustic cues of vocal emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bálint
- ELKH-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Szabó
- Department of Neuroradiology at the Medical Imaging Centre of the Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői út 78a, Hungary
| | - Attila Andics
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Hungary; MTA-ELTE 'Lendület' Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Hungary; ELTE NAP Canine Brain Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- ELKH-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Hungary; Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Hungary
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2
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Gordon SG, Butler BE, Lomber SG. The gradient in gray matter thickness across auditory cortex and differential cortical thickness changes following perinatal deafness. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5829-5838. [PMID: 36482814 PMCID: PMC10183739 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the absence of hearing during development, the brain adapts and repurposes what was destined to become auditory cortex. As cortical thickness is commonly used as a proxy to identify cortical regions that have undergone plastic changes, the purpose of this investigation was to compare cortical thickness patterns between hearing and deaf cats. In this study, normal hearing (n = 29) and deaf (n = 26) cats were scanned to examine cortical thickness in hearing controls, as well as differential changes in thickness as a consequence of deafness. In hearing cats, a gradient in cortical thickness was identified across auditory cortex in which it is thinner in more dorsal regions and thicker in more ventral regions. Compared with hearing controls, differential thickening and thinning was observed in specific regions of deaf auditory cortex. More dorsal regions were found to be bilaterally thicker in the deaf group, while more ventral regions in the left hemisphere were thinner. The location and nature of these changes creates a gradient along the dorsoventral axis, wherein dorsal auditory cortical fields are thicker, whereas more ventral fields are thinner in deaf animals compared with hearing controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Gordon
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Blake E Butler
- Department of Psychology, Western University , London, Canada
| | - Stephen G Lomber
- Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Montreal, Canada
- McGill University , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Montreal, Canada
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McKnight JC, Ruesch A, Bennett K, Bronkhorst M, Balfour S, Moss SEW, Milne R, Tyack PL, Kainerstorfer JM, Hastie GD. Shining new light on sensory brain activation and physiological measurement in seals using wearable optical technology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200224. [PMID: 34121458 PMCID: PMC8200653 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory ecology and physiology of free-ranging animals is challenging to study but underpins our understanding of decision-making in the wild. Existing non-invasive human biomedical technology offers tools that could be harnessed to address these challenges. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a wearable, non-invasive biomedical imaging technique measures oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin concentration changes that can be used to detect localized neural activation in the brain. We tested the efficacy of fNIRS to detect cortical activation in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and identify regions of the cortex associated with different senses (vision, hearing and touch). The activation of specific cerebral areas in seals was detected by fNIRS in responses to light (vision), sound (hearing) and whisker stimulation (touch). Physiological parameters, including heart and breathing rate, were also extracted from the fNIRS signal, which allowed neural and physiological responses to be monitored simultaneously. This is, to our knowledge, the first time fNIRS has been used to detect cortical activation in a non-domesticated or laboratory animal. Because fNIRS is non-invasive and wearable, this study demonstrates its potential as a tool to quantitatively investigate sensory perception and brain function while simultaneously recording heart rate, tissue and arterial oxygen saturation of haemoglobin, perfusion changes and breathing rate in free-ranging animals. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chris McKnight
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Alexander Ruesch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kimberley Bennett
- Division of Science, School of Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Mathijs Bronkhorst
- Artinis Medical Systems BV, Einsteinweg 17, 6662 PW Elst, The Netherlands
| | - Steve Balfour
- Sea Mammal Research Unit Instrumentation Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Simon E. W. Moss
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Ryan Milne
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Peter L. Tyack
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Jana M. Kainerstorfer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gordon D. Hastie
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Beckmann KM, Wang-Leandro A, Dennler M, Carrera I, Richter H, Bektas RN, Steiner A, Haller S. Resting state networks of the canine brain under sevoflurane anaesthesia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231955. [PMID: 32302373 PMCID: PMC7164650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) has become an established technique in humans and reliably determines several resting state networks (RSNs) simultaneously. Limited data exist about RSN in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the RSNs in 10 healthy beagle dogs using a 3 tesla MRI scanner and subsequently perform group-level independent component analysis (ICA) to identify functionally connected brain networks. Rs-fMRI sequences were performed under steady state sevoflurane inhalation anaesthesia. Anaesthetic depth was titrated to the minimum level needed for immobilisation and mechanical ventilation of the patient. This required a sevoflurane MAC between 0.8 to 1.2. Group-level ICA dimensionality of 20 components revealed distributed sensory, motor and higher-order networks in the dogs’ brain. We identified in total 7 RSNs (default mode, primary and higher order visual, auditory, two putative motor-somatosensory and one putative somatosensory), which are common to other mammals including humans. Identified RSN are remarkably similar to those identified in awake dogs. This study proves the feasibility of rs-fMRI in anesthetized dogs and describes several RSNs, which may set the basis for investigating pathophysiological characteristics of various canine brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin M. Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Carrera
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Shirley, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Richter
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rima N. Bektas
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Steiner
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Levine AT, Li B, Barnes P, Lomber SG, Butler BE. Assessment of anesthesia on physiological stability and BOLD signal reliability during visual or acoustic stimulation in the cat. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 334:108603. [PMID: 31982459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging methods including fMRI provide powerful tools to observe whole-brain functional networks. This is particularly powerful in animal models, allowing these networks to be probed using complementary methods. However, most animals must be anesthetized for neuroimaging, giving rise to complications resulting from anesthetic effects on the animal's physiological and neurological functions. For example, an established protocol for feline neuroimaging involves co-administration of ketamine and isoflurane - the latter of which is known to suppress cortical function. NEW METHOD Here, we compare this established protocol to alfaxalone, a single-agent anesthetic for functional neuroimaging. We first compare the two in a controlled environment to assess relative safety and to measure physiological stability over an extended time window. We then compare patterns of auditory and visually-evoked activity measured at 7 T to assess mean signal strength and between-subjects signal variability. RESULTS IN COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We show that alfaxalone results in more stable respiratory rates over the 120 min testing period, with evidence of smaller between-measurements variability within this time window, when compared to ketamine plus isoflurane. Moreover, we demonstrate that both agents evoke similar mean BOLD signals across animals, but that alfaxalone elicits more consistent BOLD activity in response to sound stimuli across all ROIs observed. CONCLUSIONS Alfaxalone is observed to be more physiologically stable, evoking a more consistent BOLD signal across animals than the co-administration of ketamine and isoflurane. Thus, an alfaxalone-based protocol may represent a better approach for neuroimaging in animal models requiring anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Levine
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Benson Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Paisley Barnes
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Stephen G Lomber
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada; National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Blake E Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada; National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 1H1, Canada.
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Yang B, Wong E, Ho WH, Lau C, Chan YS, Wu EX. Reduction of sound-evoked midbrain responses observed by functional magnetic resonance imaging following acute acoustic noise exposure. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 143:2184. [PMID: 29716239 DOI: 10.1121/1.5030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Short duration and high intensity acoustic exposures can lead to temporary hearing loss and auditory nerve degeneration. This study investigates central auditory system function following such acute exposures after hearing loss recedes. Adult rats were exposed to 100 dB sound pressure level noise for 15 min. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded with click sounds to check hearing thresholds. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed with tonal stimulation at 12 and 20 kHz to investigate central auditory changes. Measurements were performed before exposure (0D), 7 days after (7D), and 14 days after (14D). ABRs show an ∼6 dB threshold shift shortly after exposure, but no significant threshold differences between 0D, 7D, and 14D. fMRI responses are observed in the lateral lemniscus (LL) and inferior colliculus (IC) of the midbrain. In the IC, responses to 12 kHz are 3.1 ± 0.3% (0D), 1.9 ± 0.3% (7D), and 2.9 ± 0.3% (14D) above the baseline magnetic resonance imaging signal. Responses to 20 kHz are 2.0 ± 0.2% (0D), 1.4 ± 0.2% (7D), and 2.1 ± 0.2% (14D). For both tones, responses at 7D are less than those at 0D (p < 0.01) and 14D (p < 0.05). In the LL, similar trends are observed. Acute exposure leads to functional changes in the auditory midbrain with timescale of weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Physics, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Eddie Wong
- Department of Physics, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Hong Ho
- Department of Physics, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ed X Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Stolzberg D, Butler BE, Lomber SG. Effects of neonatal deafness on resting-state functional network connectivity. Neuroimage 2017; 165:69-82. [PMID: 28988830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development depends on early sensory experience. Behavioral consequences of brain maturation in the absence of sensory input early in life are well documented. For example, experiments with mature, neonatally deaf human or animal subjects have revealed improved peripheral visual motion detection and spatial localization abilities. Such supranormal behavioral abilities in the nondeprived sensory modality are evidence of compensatory plasticity occurring in deprived brain regions at some point or throughout development. Sensory deprived brain regions may simply become unused neural real-estate resulting in a loss of function. Compensatory plasticity and loss of function are likely reflected in the differences in correlations between brain networks in deaf compared with hearing subjects. To address this, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in lightly anesthetized hearing and neonatally deafened cats. Group independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify 20 spatially distinct brain networks across all animals including auditory, visual, somatosensory, cingulate, insular, cerebellar, and subcortical networks. The resulting group ICA components were back-reconstructed to individual animal brains. The maximum correlations between the time-courses associated with each spatial component were computed using functional network connectivity (FNC). While no significant differences in the delay to peak correlations were identified between hearing and deaf cats, we observed 10 (of 190) significant differences in the amplitudes of between-network correlations. Six of the significant differences involved auditory-related networks and four involved visual, cingulate, or somatosensory networks. The results are discussed in context of known behavioral, electrophysiological, and anatomical differences following neonatal deafness. Furthermore, these results identify novel targets for future investigations at the neuronal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stolzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Blake E Butler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Stephen G Lomber
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada; National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 1H1, Canada.
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8
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Stolzberg D, Wong C, Butler BE, Lomber SG. Catlas: An magnetic resonance imaging-based three-dimensional cortical atlas and tissue probability maps for the domestic cat (Felis catus). J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3190-3206. [PMID: 28653335 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain atlases play an important role in effectively communicating results from neuroimaging studies in a standardized coordinate system. Furthermore, brain atlases extend analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data by delineating regions of interest over which to evaluate the extent of functional activation as well as measures of inter-regional connectivity. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional atlas of the cat cerebral cortex based on established cytoarchitectonic and electrophysiological findings. In total, 71 cerebral areas were mapped onto the gray matter (GM) of an averaged T1-weighted structural MRI acquired at 7 T from eight adult domestic cats. In addition, a nonlinear registration procedure was used to generate a common template brain as well as GM, white matter, and cerebral spinal fluid tissue probability maps to facilitate tissue segmentation as part of the standard preprocessing pipeline for MRI data analysis. The atlas and associated files can also be used for planning stereotaxic surgery and for didactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stolzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen Wong
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blake E Butler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G Lomber
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Wong E, Yang B, Du L, Ho WH, Lau C, Ke Y, Chan YS, Yung WH, Wu EX. The multi-level impact of chronic intermittent hypoxia on central auditory processing. Neuroimage 2017; 156:232-239. [PMID: 28528846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia, the tissues do not obtain adequate oxygen. Chronic hypoxia can lead to many health problems. A relatively common cause of chronic hypoxia is sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a sleep breathing disorder that affects 3-7% of the population. During sleep, the patient's breathing starts and stops. This can lead to hypertension, attention deficits, and hearing disorders. In this study, we apply an established chronic intermittent hypoxemia (CIH) model of sleep apnea to study its impact on auditory processing. Adult rats were reared for seven days during sleeping hours in a gas chamber with oxygen level cycled between 10% and 21% (normal atmosphere) every 90s. During awake hours, the subjects were housed in standard conditions with normal atmosphere. CIH treatment significantly reduces arterial oxygen partial pressure and oxygen saturation during sleeping hours (relative to controls). After treatment, subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with broadband sound stimulation. Responses are observed in major auditory centers in all subjects, including the auditory cortex (AC) and auditory midbrain. fMRI signals from the AC are statistically significantly increased after CIH by 0.13% in the contralateral hemisphere and 0.10% in the ipsilateral hemisphere. In contrast, signals from the lateral lemniscus of the midbrain are significantly reduced by 0.39%. Signals from the neighboring inferior colliculus of the midbrain are relatively unaffected. Chronic hypoxia affects multiple levels of the auditory system and these changes are likely related to hearing disorders associated with sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Wong
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lida Du
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Hong Ho
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wing Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ed X Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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Tsurugizawa T, Takahashi Y, Kato F. Distinct effects of isoflurane on basal BOLD signals in tissue/vascular microstructures in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38977. [PMID: 27976678 PMCID: PMC5157011 DOI: 10.1038/srep38977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane is a well-known volatile anesthetic. However, it remains equivocal whether its effects on BOLD signal differ depending on the types of intracranial structures, such as capillaries and large blood vessels. We compared dose-dependent effect of isoflurane on the basal BOLD signals in distinct cerebral structures (tissue structure or large vessels) using high resolution T2*-images at 9.4 T MRI system in rat somatosensory cortex. The local field potential (LFP) in the somatosensory cortex and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also investigated. Isoflurane induced inverted U-shaped dose-dependent change in BOLD signal in large vessels and tissue regions: BOLD signal under 2.0% and 2.5% isoflurane significantly increased from the maintenance dose (1.5%) and that under 3.0% was similar to maintenance dose. Remarkably, BOLD signal increase in tissue regions under 2.5% was significantly smaller than that in large vessels. The MAP decreased monotonically due to the dose of isoflurane and the LFP was strongly suppressed under high dose (2.5% and 3.0%). These results indicate that isoflurane-induced alteration of MAP and neuronal activity affected BOLD signal and, especially, BOLD signal in the tissue regions was more affected by the neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Tsurugizawa
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.,Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Bat 145, Point Courrier 156, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Soares JM, Magalhães R, Moreira PS, Sousa A, Ganz E, Sampaio A, Alves V, Marques P, Sousa N. A Hitchhiker's Guide to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:515. [PMID: 27891073 PMCID: PMC5102908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies have become increasingly popular both with clinicians and researchers as they are capable of providing unique insights into brain functions. However, multiple technical considerations (ranging from specifics of paradigm design to imaging artifacts, complex protocol definition, and multitude of processing and methods of analysis, as well as intrinsic methodological limitations) must be considered and addressed in order to optimize fMRI analysis and to arrive at the most accurate and grounded interpretation of the data. In practice, the researcher/clinician must choose, from many available options, the most suitable software tool for each stage of the fMRI analysis pipeline. Herein we provide a straightforward guide designed to address, for each of the major stages, the techniques, and tools involved in the process. We have developed this guide both to help those new to the technique to overcome the most critical difficulties in its use, as well as to serve as a resource for the neuroimaging community.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga, Portugal
| | - Pedro S. Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga, Portugal
- Department of Informatics, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
| | - Edward Ganz
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
| | - Victor Alves
- Department of Informatics, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBraga, Portugal
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12
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Bach JP, Lüpke M, Dziallas P, Wefstaedt P, Uppenkamp S, Seifert H, Nolte I. Auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging in dogs--normalization and group analysis and the processing of pitch in the canine auditory pathways. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:32. [PMID: 26897016 PMCID: PMC4761139 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an advanced and frequently used technique for studying brain functions in humans and increasingly so in animals. A key element of analyzing fMRI data is group analysis, for which valid spatial normalization is a prerequisite. In the current study we applied normalization and group analysis to a dataset from an auditory functional MRI experiment in anesthetized beagles. The stimulation paradigm used in the experiment was composed of simple Gaussian noise and regular interval sounds (RIS), which included a periodicity pitch as an additional sound feature. The results from the performed group analysis were compared with those from single animal analysis. In addition to this, the data were examined for brain regions showing an increased activation associated with the perception of pitch. Results With the group analysis, significant activations matching the position of the right superior olivary nucleus, lateral lemniscus and internal capsule were identified, which could not be detected in the single animal analysis. In addition, a large cluster of activated voxels in the auditory cortex was found. The contrast of the RIS condition (including pitch) with Gaussian noise (no pitch) showed a significant effect in a region matching the location of the left medial geniculate nucleus. Conclusion By using group analysis additional activated areas along the canine auditory pathways could be identified in comparison to single animal analysis. It was possible to demonstrate a pitch-specific effect, indicating that group analysis is a suitable method for improving the results of auditory fMRI studies in dogs and extending our knowledge of canine neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Peter Bach
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Matthias Lüpke
- Fachgebiet für Allgemeine Radiologie und Medizinische Physik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Peter Dziallas
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stefan Uppenkamp
- Medizinische Physik, Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Seifert
- Fachgebiet für Allgemeine Radiologie und Medizinische Physik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Hall AJ, Butler BE, Lomber SG. The cat's meow: A high-field fMRI assessment of cortical activity in response to vocalizations and complex auditory stimuli. Neuroimage 2016; 127:44-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Zhang Q, Alexander M, Ryner L. Multimodality Neurological Data Visualization With Multi-VOI-Based DTI Fiber Dynamic Integration. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2016; 20:293-303. [DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2014.2367026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Lau C, Pienkowski M, Zhang JW, McPherson B, Wu EX. Chronic exposure to broadband noise at moderate sound pressure levels spatially shifts tone-evoked responses in the rat auditory midbrain. Neuroimage 2015; 122:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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16
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Abstract
The perception of pitch is a widely studied and hotly debated topic in human hearing. Many of these studies combine functional imaging techniques with stimuli designed to disambiguate the percept of pitch from frequency information present in the stimulus. While useful in identifying potential “pitch centres” in cortex, the existence of truly pitch-responsive neurons requires single neuron-level measures that can only be undertaken in animal models. While a number of animals have been shown to be sensitive to pitch, few studies have addressed the location of cortical generators of pitch percepts in non-human models. The current study uses high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the feline brain in an attempt to identify regions of cortex that show increased activity in response to pitch-evoking stimuli. Cats were presented with iterated rippled noise (IRN) stimuli, narrowband noise stimuli with the same spectral profile but no perceivable pitch, and a processed IRN stimulus in which phase components were randomized to preserve slowly changing modulations in the absence of pitch (IRNo). Pitch-related activity was not observed to occur in either primary auditory cortex (A1) or the anterior auditory field (AAF) which comprise the core auditory cortex in cats. Rather, cortical areas surrounding the posterior ectosylvian sulcus responded preferentially to the IRN stimulus when compared to narrowband noise, with group analyses revealing bilateral activity centred in the posterior auditory field (PAF). This study demonstrates that fMRI is useful for identifying pitch-related processing in cat cortex, and identifies cortical areas that warrant further investigation. Moreover, we have taken the first steps in identifying a useful animal model for the study of pitch perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake E. Butler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Amee J. Hall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Lomber
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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17
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High-field fMRI reveals tonotopically-organized and core auditory cortex in the cat. Hear Res 2015; 325:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Peelle JE. Methodological challenges and solutions in auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:253. [PMID: 25191218 PMCID: PMC4139601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies involve substantial acoustic noise. This review covers the difficulties posed by such noise for auditory neuroscience, as well as a number of possible solutions that have emerged. Acoustic noise can affect the processing of auditory stimuli by making them inaudible or unintelligible, and can result in reduced sensitivity to auditory activation in auditory cortex. Equally importantly, acoustic noise may also lead to increased listening effort, meaning that even when auditory stimuli are perceived, neural processing may differ from when the same stimuli are presented in quiet. These and other challenges have motivated a number of approaches for collecting auditory fMRI data. Although using a continuous echoplanar imaging (EPI) sequence provides high quality imaging data, these data may also be contaminated by background acoustic noise. Traditional sparse imaging has the advantage of avoiding acoustic noise during stimulus presentation, but at a cost of reduced temporal resolution. Recently, three classes of techniques have been developed to circumvent these limitations. The first is Interleaved Silent Steady State (ISSS) imaging, a variation of sparse imaging that involves collecting multiple volumes following a silent period while maintaining steady-state longitudinal magnetization. The second involves active noise control to limit the impact of acoustic scanner noise. Finally, novel MRI sequences that reduce the amount of acoustic noise produced during fMRI make the use of continuous scanning a more practical option. Together these advances provide unprecedented opportunities for researchers to collect high-quality data of hemodynamic responses to auditory stimuli using fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Peelle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA
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Hall AJ, Brown TA, Grahn JA, Gati JS, Nixon PL, Hughes SM, Menon RS, Lomber SG. There's more than one way to scan a cat: Imaging cat auditory cortex with high-field fMRI using continuous or sparse sampling. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 224:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brown TA, Gati JS, Hughes SM, Nixon PL, Menon RS, Lomber SG. Functional imaging of auditory cortex in adult cats using high-field fMRI. J Vis Exp 2014:e50872. [PMID: 24637937 DOI: 10.3791/50872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of sensory processing in the mammalian auditory system is mainly derived from electrophysiological studies in a variety of animal models, including monkeys, ferrets, bats, rodents, and cats. In order to draw suitable parallels between human and animal models of auditory function, it is important to establish a bridge between human functional imaging studies and animal electrophysiological studies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an established, minimally invasive method of measuring broad patterns of hemodynamic activity across different regions of the cerebral cortex. This technique is widely used to probe sensory function in the human brain, is a useful tool in linking studies of auditory processing in both humans and animals and has been successfully used to investigate auditory function in monkeys and rodents. The following protocol describes an experimental procedure for investigating auditory function in anesthetized adult cats by measuring stimulus-evoked hemodynamic changes in auditory cortex using fMRI. This method facilitates comparison of the hemodynamic responses across different models of auditory function thus leading to a better understanding of species-independent features of the mammalian auditory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trecia A Brown
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario; Cerebral Systems Laboratory, University of Western Ontario;
| | - Joseph S Gati
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario
| | - Sarah M Hughes
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario
| | - Pam L Nixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario; Cerebral Systems Laboratory, University of Western Ontario
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario
| | - Stephen G Lomber
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario; Cerebral Systems Laboratory, University of Western Ontario; National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario
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21
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Bach JP, Lüpke M, Dziallas P, Wefstaedt P, Uppenkamp S, Seifert H, Nolte I. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the ascending stages of the auditory system in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:210. [PMID: 24131784 PMCID: PMC3854503 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique able to localize neural activity in the brain by detecting associated changes in blood flow. It is an essential tool for studying human functional neuroanatomy including the auditory system. There are only a few studies, however, using fMRI to study canine brain functions. In the current study ten anesthetized dogs were scanned during auditory stimulation. Two functional sequences, each in combination with a suitable stimulation paradigm, were used in each subject. Sequence 1 provided periods of silence during which acoustic stimuli could be presented unmasked by scanner noise (sparse temporal sampling) whereas in sequence 2 the scanner noise was present throughout the entire session (continuous imaging). The results obtained with the two different functional sequences were compared. Results This study shows that with the proper experimental setup it is possible to detect neural activity in the auditory system of dogs. In contrast to human fMRI studies the strongest activity was found in the subcortical parts of the auditory pathways. Especially sequence 1 showed a high reliability in detecting activated voxels in brain regions associated with the auditory system. Conclusion These results indicate that fMRI is applicable for studying the canine auditory system and could become an additional method for the clinical evaluation of the auditory function of dogs. Additionally, fMRI is an interesting technique for future studies concerned with canine functional neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Lüpke
- Institute for General Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany.
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